Colorectal cancer(CRC)continues to be the third most frequently diagnosed cancer,and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality.Several non-invasive biomarkers have emerged,but only a few have been incorpora...Colorectal cancer(CRC)continues to be the third most frequently diagnosed cancer,and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality.Several non-invasive biomarkers have emerged,but only a few have been incorporated into clinical practice due to the lack of sensitivity.1 Research on the epigenome has unveiled potential clinical applications for diagnosis and therapy response.2,3 Particularly,recent evidence suggests a novel role of RNA methylation in the development of CRC,4 revealing an overall RNA m6A hypomethylation.5 However,our understanding of their contribution to CRC remains limited.展开更多
As the name reflects, integrative plant biology is the core topic of JIPB. In the past few years JIPB has been pursuing the development of this area, to assist the scientific community to bring together all possible r...As the name reflects, integrative plant biology is the core topic of JIPB. In the past few years JIPB has been pursuing the development of this area, to assist the scientific community to bring together all possible research tools to understand plant growth, development and stress responses in micro- and macro-scales. As part of these efforts, JIPB and Yantai University organized the 1st International Symposium on Integrative Plant Biology in the seaside town of Yantai during August 10-12, 2009 （Figure 1） The symposium was co-sponsored by Botanical Society of China, Chinese Society for Cell Biology, Genetics Society of China, and Chinese Society for Plant Physiology.展开更多
Background:In Asian countries,small-scale rural poultry meat production can face challenges due to food safety policies that limit economic growth and hinder improvement of sanitation and disease prevention.In this st...Background:In Asian countries,small-scale rural poultry meat production can face challenges due to food safety policies that limit economic growth and hinder improvement of sanitation and disease prevention.In this study,an integrative,participatory research approach was used to elucidate the sanitation and disease prevention practices in small-scale poultry slaughterhouses in rural northern Thailand.Methods:Initial steps included the identification of key stakeholders associated with the meat production chain,development of a research framework,and design of a methodology based on stakeholder consultations.The framework and methodology combine issues in five major areas:(1)public health,(2)socioeconomics,(3)policy,(4)veterinary medicine,and(5)communities and the environment.Methods used include questionnaires,direct observation,focus groups,and in-depth interviews.In addition,a microbiological risk assessment approach was employed to detect Salmonella contamination in meat processing facilities.The microbial risk assessment was combined with stakeholder perceptions to provide an overview of the existing situation,as well as to identify opportunities for upgrading slaughterhouses in order to more effectively address matters of food safety,processing,and government licensing.Results:The conceptual framework developed elucidated the complex factors limiting small-scale slaughterhouse improvement including a lack of appropriate enabling policies and an apparent absence of feasible interventions for improvement.Unhygienic slaughterhouse management was reflected in the incidence of Salmonella contamination in both the meat and the surrounding environment.Conclusion:There is potential for the use of an integrative approach to address critical problems at the interface of rural development and public health.The findings of this study could serve as a model for transdisciplinary studies and interventions related to other similar complex challenges.展开更多
This paper expounds the point of view that wordteaching should be integrated with grammar,syntaxand discourse in coordination with the training ofcommunicative skills and relearning of old words.
Chinese medicine (CM) has been an experience based practice over the past three thousand years. The safety and efficacy of CM has been practised through experience, rather than nowadays’ modern scientific measurement...Chinese medicine (CM) has been an experience based practice over the past three thousand years. The safety and efficacy of CM has been practised through experience, rather than nowadays’ modern scientific measurements. In this way, the development of CM has not been keeping pace with the advance in science and technology and the progress in orthodox medicine. In order to meet the requirements of modern science and technology, an evidence based approach must be adopted. Reassurance is needed to convince people for safety and efficacy of CM and give confidence to the evidence based demands ——“Tradition is confirmed by Modern Science” (1) .展开更多
EDITORIAL Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS)is a new intractable disease worldwide,itsonset is acute,its infectivity and mortality is high,the knowledge about its etiology and pathogenesis is in-sufficient,the ex...EDITORIAL Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS)is a new intractable disease worldwide,itsonset is acute,its infectivity and mortality is high,the knowledge about its etiology and pathogenesis is in-sufficient,the experience on SARS treatment awaits accumulation.Following pilot experiences of applyingICWM in fighting SARS is most valuable with scientific significance.展开更多
Member of Political Bureau of Central Committee of CPC, Vice Premier of State Council concurrently Minister of Health, General Command of National Protecting and Treating Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ( SARS) Head...Member of Political Bureau of Central Committee of CPC, Vice Premier of State Council concurrently Minister of Health, General Command of National Protecting and Treating Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ( SARS) Headquarters Vice premier WU Yi cordially met the well-known TCM specialists, and held a symposium with them. Sixteen specialists including WANG Yong-yan, CHEN Ke-ji, LI Fu-ren, JIAO Shu-de, HE Pu-ren, LIU展开更多
In order to effectively cope with exponent increase of the complexity faced to the rock mechanics analysis problems and the large incompatibility existing between the information level required to model the rock mass ...In order to effectively cope with exponent increase of the complexity faced to the rock mechanics analysis problems and the large incompatibility existing between the information level required to model the rock mass and engineering and our obtainable information level at hand,the integrated approaches with intelligent characters are proposed. Many previous standard methods,such as precedent type analysis,rock classification,analytic method stress-based,basic numerical methods (BEM,FEM,DEM,hybrid),and their extended numerical methods (fully coupled) to be developed,can be selected respectively or integrated accordingly. It is alternative to develop basic/fully integrated system,and internet-based approaches. These novel methods can also be selected or integrated each other or with the standard methods to perform rock mechanics analysis. Some key techniques to develop these alternative methods are discussed. It may focus in future on developing fully integrated systems and internet-based approaches. Developing an environmental,virtual facility/space shall be firstly done for this collaborative research on internet.展开更多
Three surface integral approaches of the acoustic analogies are studied to predict the noise from three concep- tual configurations of three-dimensional high-lift low-noise wings. The approaches refer to the Kirchhoff...Three surface integral approaches of the acoustic analogies are studied to predict the noise from three concep- tual configurations of three-dimensional high-lift low-noise wings. The approaches refer to the Kirchhoff method, the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings （FW-H） method of the permeable integral surface and the Curle method that is known as a special case of the FW-H method. The first two approaches are used to compute the noise generated by the core flow region where the energetic structures exist. The last approach is adopted to predict the noise specially from the pressure perturbation on the wall. A new way to con- struct the integral surface that encloses the core region is proposed for the first two methods. Considering the local properties of the flow around the complex object-the actual wing with high-lift devices-the integral surface based on the vorticity is constructed to follow the flow structures. The surface location is discussed for the Kirchhoff method and the FW-H method because a common surface is used for them. The noise from the core flow region is studied on the basis of the dependent integral quantities, which are indicated by the Kirchhoff formulation and by the FW-H formulation. The role of each wall component on noise contribution is analyzed using the Curle formulation. Effects of the volume integral terms of Lighthill＇s stress tensors on the noise pre-diction are then evaluated by comparing the results of the Curle method with the other two methods.展开更多
The spatial and temporal distributions of new production vary largely in different sea areas. To understand the level of new production in the sea area studied better, an estimate of new production must be obtained in...The spatial and temporal distributions of new production vary largely in different sea areas. To understand the level of new production in the sea area studied better, an estimate of new production must be obtained in large spatial and temporal scales. The ~234Th/ ~238U disequilibrium is an effective method for the study of new production. Two sampling strategies, vertically integrated sampling ap proach based on trapezoidal integration principle and discrete layer sampling approach, were compared in the studies of the xiamen Bay and the northern South China Sea. The scavenging fluxes and removal fluxes of ~234Th and the residence times for dissolved and particulate ~234Th were calculated. The coinci dent results from two Sampling approach suggest that vertically integrated sampling approach is not only effective and reliable, but also significantly reduces the number and volume of samples. It allows us to study new production by ba ^(234)Th - ^(238)U disequilibria in large spatial scale.展开更多
English writing, as a basic language skill for second language learners, is being paid close attention to. How to achieve better results in English teaching and how to develop students＇ writing competence remain an a...English writing, as a basic language skill for second language learners, is being paid close attention to. How to achieve better results in English teaching and how to develop students＇ writing competence remain an arduous task for English teachers. This paper introduces three writing approaches that are currently popular in English writing teaching field, i.e., the product approach, the process approach and the genre approach, and offers some discussion on the three approaches each approach shows its strengths and weaknesses, but meanwhile they are largely complementary. Then this paper attempts to propose an integrated approach which is not only a synthesis of the above three approaches, but also draws on some experiences of traditional Chinese language teaching methods.展开更多
Intense anthropogenic exploitation has altered distribution of forest resources. This change was analyzed using visual interpretation of satellite data of 1979, 1999 and 2009. Field and interactive social surveys were...Intense anthropogenic exploitation has altered distribution of forest resources. This change was analyzed using visual interpretation of satellite data of 1979, 1999 and 2009. Field and interactive social surveys were conducted to identify spatial trends in forest degradation and data were mapped on forest cover and land use maps. Perceptions of villagers were compiled in a pictorial representation to understand changes in forest resource distribution in central Himalaya from 1970 to 2010. For- ested areas were subject to degradation and isolation due to loss of con- necting forest stands. Species like Lantana camara and Eupatorium adenophorum invaded forest landscapes. Intensity of human pressure differed by forest type and elevation. An integrated approach is needed to monitor forest resource distribution and disturbance.展开更多
Global change research and sustainable development need to be addressed at larger scales in the light of small scale process studies. Much remains to be done before the small scale, process level understanding of ecos...Global change research and sustainable development need to be addressed at larger scales in the light of small scale process studies. Much remains to be done before the small scale, process level understanding of ecosystem responses to global change can be reliably translated to larger scales. The paper reviews the status of scaling issues and tries to find how to extrapolate our observations and our findings at site scale up to regional scale and provide ecological information and interpretations at the regional scale. An integrated approach to scaling-up from site to region is proposed combining hierarchical theory, landscape ecology, remote sensing, geographical information system (GIS) with process/mechanistic modeling. Remote sensing and GIS will play key roles in spatial analysis, integration as well as cross scale modeling.展开更多
The cooperative output regulation problem has been studied by two approaches:the distributed observer(DO)approach and the distributed internal model(DIM)approach,respectively.Each of these two approaches has its own m...The cooperative output regulation problem has been studied by two approaches:the distributed observer(DO)approach and the distributed internal model(DIM)approach,respectively.Each of these two approaches has its own merits and weaknesses.Recently,we presented an overview on the cooperative output regulation problem by the DO approach.This paper further surveys the cooperative output regulation problem by the DIM approach.We first summarize the constructions and the roles of two different versions of the internal models:the distributed p-copy internal model and the distributed canonical internal model.Then,we describe an integrated framework that combines the DO approach and the DIM approach.Extensions and variants of the DIM and their applications will also be highlighted.展开更多
As is known to all, the electron scattering in classical electromagnetic potential is one of the most widespread applications of quantum theory. Nevertheless, many discussions about electron scattering are based upon ...As is known to all, the electron scattering in classical electromagnetic potential is one of the most widespread applications of quantum theory. Nevertheless, many discussions about electron scattering are based upon single-particle Schrodinger equation or Dirac equation in quantum mechanics rather than the method of quantum field theory. In this paper, by using the path integral approach of quantum field theory, we perturbatively evaluate the scattering amplitude up to the second order for the electron scattering by the classical electromagnetic potential. The results we derive are convenient to apply to all sorts of potential forms. Furthermore, by means of the obtained results, we give explicit calculations for the one-dimensional electric potential.展开更多
An integrated calculated approach based on weakly coupled finite element(FEM)-viscoplastic selfconsistent(VPSC)model was established to simulate the texture evolution during the variable strain path extrusion process ...An integrated calculated approach based on weakly coupled finite element(FEM)-viscoplastic selfconsistent(VPSC)model was established to simulate the texture evolution during the variable strain path extrusion process of magnesium alloys.The spiral die extrusion(SDE)process with additional circumferential shear deformation was applied to investigate the effect of path control on texture adjustment and verify the accuracy of the model.The results indicated that the additional spiral shear resulting from the overall inclined flow path effectively reduced the intensity of the{0002}//ED fiber texture by suppressing basal slip activation in the core area,while the local shear deformation along the spiral equal channel strain path led to the formation of an inclined{0002}//ND plane texture on the side.Using the modified Hall-Petch relationship,the correlation between texture and yield strength was quantified.Specifically,the weakening of the texture effectively suppressed{10-12}tensile twinning,which compensated for the deficiency of compressive yield strength without significantly sacrificing tensile yield strength,and thus improved the tension-compression asymmetry.Furthermore,the strongly inclined{0002}//ND plane texture inhibited the widespread activation of basal slip during tensile yielding,thereby enhancing the yield strength.展开更多
MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are a group of small, endogenous, single-stranded non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression levels. Previous studies have revealed that miRNAs play key roles in multiple bi...MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are a group of small, endogenous, single-stranded non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression levels. Previous studies have revealed that miRNAs play key roles in multiple biological processes, such as growth and development in both animals and plants. Computational identification is an efficient method for miRNA prediction in organisms with a reference genome before high-throughput miRNA sequencing experiments. In this study, we employed an integrated strategy combining the homology-based and ab initio approaches to predict miRNAs from the genome and transcriptome of large yellow croaker, one of the most commercially important marine fish in China and East Asia. A total of 418 miRNA molecules, including 287 miRNAs by the homology-based method and 131 miRNAs by the ab initio approach, were identified for large yellow croaker. Additionally, 16 053 target genes were predicted and annotated for Gene Ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) databases. Meanwhile, we analysed single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) around large yellow croaker miRNA and found that the miRNA seed regions were significantly less prone to mutations, indicating that the miRNA sequences were under strict natural selection based on their essential regulation functions in living cells. Twenty-two SNPs were identified in large yellow croaker miRNA seed regions, which dramatically influenced the miRNA-gene regulation networks. This is the first reported miRNA detection from both the genome and transcriptome using the integrated strategy for large yellow croaker species, and the miRNA and SNP analyses in this work provide important resources and a reference for subsequent miRNA functional investigations in large yellow croaker.展开更多
A component-based model integration framework for computer numerical control system design and development is presented.The model integrates modeling,simulation,verification and implementation in a uniform environment...A component-based model integration framework for computer numerical control system design and development is presented.The model integrates modeling,simulation,verification and implementation in a uniform environment.The computer numerical control(CNC) modeling language with well defined syntax and unambiguous semantics is developed.Using the proposed CNC model integration method,a three axis milling system model is developed in the case study.The approach is an attempt to create an infrastructure to support the CNC system design in an efficient way,while at the same time guarantees the function and performance requirements with advanced capability of the system such as modularity,flexibility,reusability,etc.展开更多
Social imbalance and obsolescence of the built environment has emerged in large sized housing estates in metropolises. In particular, the requirement of such planned housing areas has not matched public service provid...Social imbalance and obsolescence of the built environment has emerged in large sized housing estates in metropolises. In particular, the requirement of such planned housing areas has not matched public service provided by the infrastructure. On not only physical but also social aspect of local communities of this kind of housing area have a lot of problems while it also has a lot of good characteristics. A representative one is that age of the tenants is rising very swiftly and it makes the local community imbalanced. Nowadays many countries including Japan have tackled problems concerning housing estates constructed during the mass housing era and try to search for ways to reactivate so-called new town areas by utilisation of existing environmental resources such as building stock and ample green open space. In Japan many elemental technologies have been developed in order to utilise existing building stock. However, how to combine these technologies and new holistic methods for reactivation are still underdeveloped. Therefore, it is very important to fred these ways and to make a comprehensive plan for rehabilitation of these areas. The first purpose of our study is to develop and clarify how to organise and integrate many kinds of elemental techniques and the holistic measures for the improvement of both social and physical environment in suburban mass housing estates. Subsequently we try to reorganise proper relations between human settlements and the various service provision for those regions. Our last focus is put on searching for new ways to raise the value of existing housing environment. Our conclusion intends to indicate important of the master plan and its execution, where mass housing estates progress for the physical and social improvement.展开更多
In the current scenario of global competition and short product life cycles, customer-defined satisfaction has attracted interest in artifact design. Accordingly, intelligent decision-making through multi-objective op...In the current scenario of global competition and short product life cycles, customer-defined satisfaction has attracted interest in artifact design. Accordingly, intelligent decision-making through multi-objective optimization has been proposed as an efficient method for human-centered manufacturing. However, previous vast researches on optimization have been mainly focused on optimization theory and optimization techniques and paid little interests on the process of problem formulation itself. In this paper, therefore, the authors present a total framework for supporting multi-objective decision making. Then, the authors try to solve the formulated multi-objective optimization problem that involves both qualitative and quantitative performance measures as a general consequence from the above procedure. Taking especially quality as a qualitative measure, the authors gave a new idea to evaluate the quality quantitatively. Additionally, to facilitate the portability of the proposed method in multidisciplinary decision-making environments, the authors implement the proposal algorithm in an Excel spreadsheet and validate the effectiveness of the approach through a case study.展开更多
基金supported by the“Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutricion”,which is an initiative of the“Instituto de Salud Carlos III”(ISCIII)of Spain,financed by the European Regional Development Fund under“A way to make Europe"/"Investing in your future”(CB06/03),a grant from ISCIII(No.PI18/01399,PI21/00633)UMA-FEDERJA-085,from Programa Operativo FEDER 2014–2020 of the Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento de la Junta de Andalucía+4 种基金a grant from the Consejeria Universidad,Investigacion e Innovacion Junta de Andalucia(No.PY20-01270,PI0293-2019)H.B.was supported by a predoctoral fellowship“Plan Propio IBIMA 2020 A.1 Contratos predoctorales”(No.predoc20_002)by a“Sara Borrell”postdoctoral contract(No.CD22/00053)from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III—Madrid(Spain),“Financiado por la Unión Europea—NextGenerationEU”,and the plan Recuperación,Transformación y Resiliencia.L.A.G.-F.was supported by a“Sara Borrell”postdoctoral contract(No.CD21/000131)from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III—Madrid(Spain)G.M.M.-N.was supported by a postdoctoral contract from the University of Malaga(No.UMA20-FEDERJA-092)M.M.G.was the recipient of the Nicolas Monardes Programme from the“Servicio Andaluz de Salud,Junta de Andalucia”,Spain(No.RC-0001-2018,C-0029-2014).
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)continues to be the third most frequently diagnosed cancer,and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality.Several non-invasive biomarkers have emerged,but only a few have been incorporated into clinical practice due to the lack of sensitivity.1 Research on the epigenome has unveiled potential clinical applications for diagnosis and therapy response.2,3 Particularly,recent evidence suggests a novel role of RNA methylation in the development of CRC,4 revealing an overall RNA m6A hypomethylation.5 However,our understanding of their contribution to CRC remains limited.
文摘As the name reflects, integrative plant biology is the core topic of JIPB. In the past few years JIPB has been pursuing the development of this area, to assist the scientific community to bring together all possible research tools to understand plant growth, development and stress responses in micro- and macro-scales. As part of these efforts, JIPB and Yantai University organized the 1st International Symposium on Integrative Plant Biology in the seaside town of Yantai during August 10-12, 2009 （Figure 1） The symposium was co-sponsored by Botanical Society of China, Chinese Society for Cell Biology, Genetics Society of China, and Chinese Society for Plant Physiology.
基金This research was supported by a grant from the International Livestock and Research Institute(ILRI)and Thailand Research Fund (TRF).
文摘Background:In Asian countries,small-scale rural poultry meat production can face challenges due to food safety policies that limit economic growth and hinder improvement of sanitation and disease prevention.In this study,an integrative,participatory research approach was used to elucidate the sanitation and disease prevention practices in small-scale poultry slaughterhouses in rural northern Thailand.Methods:Initial steps included the identification of key stakeholders associated with the meat production chain,development of a research framework,and design of a methodology based on stakeholder consultations.The framework and methodology combine issues in five major areas:(1)public health,(2)socioeconomics,(3)policy,(4)veterinary medicine,and(5)communities and the environment.Methods used include questionnaires,direct observation,focus groups,and in-depth interviews.In addition,a microbiological risk assessment approach was employed to detect Salmonella contamination in meat processing facilities.The microbial risk assessment was combined with stakeholder perceptions to provide an overview of the existing situation,as well as to identify opportunities for upgrading slaughterhouses in order to more effectively address matters of food safety,processing,and government licensing.Results:The conceptual framework developed elucidated the complex factors limiting small-scale slaughterhouse improvement including a lack of appropriate enabling policies and an apparent absence of feasible interventions for improvement.Unhygienic slaughterhouse management was reflected in the incidence of Salmonella contamination in both the meat and the surrounding environment.Conclusion:There is potential for the use of an integrative approach to address critical problems at the interface of rural development and public health.The findings of this study could serve as a model for transdisciplinary studies and interventions related to other similar complex challenges.
文摘This paper expounds the point of view that wordteaching should be integrated with grammar,syntaxand discourse in coordination with the training ofcommunicative skills and relearning of old words.
文摘Chinese medicine (CM) has been an experience based practice over the past three thousand years. The safety and efficacy of CM has been practised through experience, rather than nowadays’ modern scientific measurements. In this way, the development of CM has not been keeping pace with the advance in science and technology and the progress in orthodox medicine. In order to meet the requirements of modern science and technology, an evidence based approach must be adopted. Reassurance is needed to convince people for safety and efficacy of CM and give confidence to the evidence based demands ——“Tradition is confirmed by Modern Science” (1) .
文摘EDITORIAL Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS)is a new intractable disease worldwide,itsonset is acute,its infectivity and mortality is high,the knowledge about its etiology and pathogenesis is in-sufficient,the experience on SARS treatment awaits accumulation.Following pilot experiences of applyingICWM in fighting SARS is most valuable with scientific significance.
文摘Member of Political Bureau of Central Committee of CPC, Vice Premier of State Council concurrently Minister of Health, General Command of National Protecting and Treating Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ( SARS) Headquarters Vice premier WU Yi cordially met the well-known TCM specialists, and held a symposium with them. Sixteen specialists including WANG Yong-yan, CHEN Ke-ji, LI Fu-ren, JIAO Shu-de, HE Pu-ren, LIU
基金Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant no.50179034.
文摘In order to effectively cope with exponent increase of the complexity faced to the rock mechanics analysis problems and the large incompatibility existing between the information level required to model the rock mass and engineering and our obtainable information level at hand,the integrated approaches with intelligent characters are proposed. Many previous standard methods,such as precedent type analysis,rock classification,analytic method stress-based,basic numerical methods (BEM,FEM,DEM,hybrid),and their extended numerical methods (fully coupled) to be developed,can be selected respectively or integrated accordingly. It is alternative to develop basic/fully integrated system,and internet-based approaches. These novel methods can also be selected or integrated each other or with the standard methods to perform rock mechanics analysis. Some key techniques to develop these alternative methods are discussed. It may focus in future on developing fully integrated systems and internet-based approaches. Developing an environmental,virtual facility/space shall be firstly done for this collaborative research on internet.
基金supported by the Clean Sky Joint Undertaking(CSJU)(CS-GA-2009-255714)
文摘Three surface integral approaches of the acoustic analogies are studied to predict the noise from three concep- tual configurations of three-dimensional high-lift low-noise wings. The approaches refer to the Kirchhoff method, the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings （FW-H） method of the permeable integral surface and the Curle method that is known as a special case of the FW-H method. The first two approaches are used to compute the noise generated by the core flow region where the energetic structures exist. The last approach is adopted to predict the noise specially from the pressure perturbation on the wall. A new way to con- struct the integral surface that encloses the core region is proposed for the first two methods. Considering the local properties of the flow around the complex object-the actual wing with high-lift devices-the integral surface based on the vorticity is constructed to follow the flow structures. The surface location is discussed for the Kirchhoff method and the FW-H method because a common surface is used for them. The noise from the core flow region is studied on the basis of the dependent integral quantities, which are indicated by the Kirchhoff formulation and by the FW-H formulation. The role of each wall component on noise contribution is analyzed using the Curle formulation. Effects of the volume integral terms of Lighthill＇s stress tensors on the noise pre-diction are then evaluated by comparing the results of the Curle method with the other two methods.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China! 49676296National Scientific and Technical Project! 97-926-04-02.
文摘The spatial and temporal distributions of new production vary largely in different sea areas. To understand the level of new production in the sea area studied better, an estimate of new production must be obtained in large spatial and temporal scales. The ~234Th/ ~238U disequilibrium is an effective method for the study of new production. Two sampling strategies, vertically integrated sampling ap proach based on trapezoidal integration principle and discrete layer sampling approach, were compared in the studies of the xiamen Bay and the northern South China Sea. The scavenging fluxes and removal fluxes of ~234Th and the residence times for dissolved and particulate ~234Th were calculated. The coinci dent results from two Sampling approach suggest that vertically integrated sampling approach is not only effective and reliable, but also significantly reduces the number and volume of samples. It allows us to study new production by ba ^(234)Th - ^(238)U disequilibria in large spatial scale.
文摘English writing, as a basic language skill for second language learners, is being paid close attention to. How to achieve better results in English teaching and how to develop students＇ writing competence remain an arduous task for English teachers. This paper introduces three writing approaches that are currently popular in English writing teaching field, i.e., the product approach, the process approach and the genre approach, and offers some discussion on the three approaches each approach shows its strengths and weaknesses, but meanwhile they are largely complementary. Then this paper attempts to propose an integrated approach which is not only a synthesis of the above three approaches, but also draws on some experiences of traditional Chinese language teaching methods.
文摘Intense anthropogenic exploitation has altered distribution of forest resources. This change was analyzed using visual interpretation of satellite data of 1979, 1999 and 2009. Field and interactive social surveys were conducted to identify spatial trends in forest degradation and data were mapped on forest cover and land use maps. Perceptions of villagers were compiled in a pictorial representation to understand changes in forest resource distribution in central Himalaya from 1970 to 2010. For- ested areas were subject to degradation and isolation due to loss of con- necting forest stands. Species like Lantana camara and Eupatorium adenophorum invaded forest landscapes. Intensity of human pressure differed by forest type and elevation. An integrated approach is needed to monitor forest resource distribution and disturbance.
基金the Important Directional Project of Knowledge Innovation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No: KZCX2-308-4).
文摘Global change research and sustainable development need to be addressed at larger scales in the light of small scale process studies. Much remains to be done before the small scale, process level understanding of ecosystem responses to global change can be reliably translated to larger scales. The paper reviews the status of scaling issues and tries to find how to extrapolate our observations and our findings at site scale up to regional scale and provide ecological information and interpretations at the regional scale. An integrated approach to scaling-up from site to region is proposed combining hierarchical theory, landscape ecology, remote sensing, geographical information system (GIS) with process/mechanistic modeling. Remote sensing and GIS will play key roles in spatial analysis, integration as well as cross scale modeling.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62173092,62173149)the Hong Kong Region Research Grants Council(No.14201621).
文摘The cooperative output regulation problem has been studied by two approaches:the distributed observer(DO)approach and the distributed internal model(DIM)approach,respectively.Each of these two approaches has its own merits and weaknesses.Recently,we presented an overview on the cooperative output regulation problem by the DO approach.This paper further surveys the cooperative output regulation problem by the DIM approach.We first summarize the constructions and the roles of two different versions of the internal models:the distributed p-copy internal model and the distributed canonical internal model.Then,we describe an integrated framework that combines the DO approach and the DIM approach.Extensions and variants of the DIM and their applications will also be highlighted.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11374360,11405266,and 11505285)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2013CBA01504)
文摘As is known to all, the electron scattering in classical electromagnetic potential is one of the most widespread applications of quantum theory. Nevertheless, many discussions about electron scattering are based upon single-particle Schrodinger equation or Dirac equation in quantum mechanics rather than the method of quantum field theory. In this paper, by using the path integral approach of quantum field theory, we perturbatively evaluate the scattering amplitude up to the second order for the electron scattering by the classical electromagnetic potential. The results we derive are convenient to apply to all sorts of potential forms. Furthermore, by means of the obtained results, we give explicit calculations for the one-dimensional electric potential.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51975146,52205344)Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.ZR2020QE171)supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIP)(Nos.NRF-2021R1A2C3006662,NRF-2022R1A5A1030054).
文摘An integrated calculated approach based on weakly coupled finite element(FEM)-viscoplastic selfconsistent(VPSC)model was established to simulate the texture evolution during the variable strain path extrusion process of magnesium alloys.The spiral die extrusion(SDE)process with additional circumferential shear deformation was applied to investigate the effect of path control on texture adjustment and verify the accuracy of the model.The results indicated that the additional spiral shear resulting from the overall inclined flow path effectively reduced the intensity of the{0002}//ED fiber texture by suppressing basal slip activation in the core area,while the local shear deformation along the spiral equal channel strain path led to the formation of an inclined{0002}//ND plane texture on the side.Using the modified Hall-Petch relationship,the correlation between texture and yield strength was quantified.Specifically,the weakening of the texture effectively suppressed{10-12}tensile twinning,which compensated for the deficiency of compressive yield strength without significantly sacrificing tensile yield strength,and thus improved the tension-compression asymmetry.Furthermore,the strongly inclined{0002}//ND plane texture inhibited the widespread activation of basal slip during tensile yielding,thereby enhancing the yield strength.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1205122,31602207)the Key Project of the Xiamen Southern Ocean Research Center(No.14GZY70NF34)+2 种基金the Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2016J05081)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2012AA10A403)the Foundation for Innovation Research Team of Jimei University(No.2010A02)
文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are a group of small, endogenous, single-stranded non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression levels. Previous studies have revealed that miRNAs play key roles in multiple biological processes, such as growth and development in both animals and plants. Computational identification is an efficient method for miRNA prediction in organisms with a reference genome before high-throughput miRNA sequencing experiments. In this study, we employed an integrated strategy combining the homology-based and ab initio approaches to predict miRNAs from the genome and transcriptome of large yellow croaker, one of the most commercially important marine fish in China and East Asia. A total of 418 miRNA molecules, including 287 miRNAs by the homology-based method and 131 miRNAs by the ab initio approach, were identified for large yellow croaker. Additionally, 16 053 target genes were predicted and annotated for Gene Ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) databases. Meanwhile, we analysed single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) around large yellow croaker miRNA and found that the miRNA seed regions were significantly less prone to mutations, indicating that the miRNA sequences were under strict natural selection based on their essential regulation functions in living cells. Twenty-two SNPs were identified in large yellow croaker miRNA seed regions, which dramatically influenced the miRNA-gene regulation networks. This is the first reported miRNA detection from both the genome and transcriptome using the integrated strategy for large yellow croaker species, and the miRNA and SNP analyses in this work provide important resources and a reference for subsequent miRNA functional investigations in large yellow croaker.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 50575075 and 50875090)
文摘A component-based model integration framework for computer numerical control system design and development is presented.The model integrates modeling,simulation,verification and implementation in a uniform environment.The computer numerical control(CNC) modeling language with well defined syntax and unambiguous semantics is developed.Using the proposed CNC model integration method,a three axis milling system model is developed in the case study.The approach is an attempt to create an infrastructure to support the CNC system design in an efficient way,while at the same time guarantees the function and performance requirements with advanced capability of the system such as modularity,flexibility,reusability,etc.
文摘Social imbalance and obsolescence of the built environment has emerged in large sized housing estates in metropolises. In particular, the requirement of such planned housing areas has not matched public service provided by the infrastructure. On not only physical but also social aspect of local communities of this kind of housing area have a lot of problems while it also has a lot of good characteristics. A representative one is that age of the tenants is rising very swiftly and it makes the local community imbalanced. Nowadays many countries including Japan have tackled problems concerning housing estates constructed during the mass housing era and try to search for ways to reactivate so-called new town areas by utilisation of existing environmental resources such as building stock and ample green open space. In Japan many elemental technologies have been developed in order to utilise existing building stock. However, how to combine these technologies and new holistic methods for reactivation are still underdeveloped. Therefore, it is very important to fred these ways and to make a comprehensive plan for rehabilitation of these areas. The first purpose of our study is to develop and clarify how to organise and integrate many kinds of elemental techniques and the holistic measures for the improvement of both social and physical environment in suburban mass housing estates. Subsequently we try to reorganise proper relations between human settlements and the various service provision for those regions. Our last focus is put on searching for new ways to raise the value of existing housing environment. Our conclusion intends to indicate important of the master plan and its execution, where mass housing estates progress for the physical and social improvement.
文摘In the current scenario of global competition and short product life cycles, customer-defined satisfaction has attracted interest in artifact design. Accordingly, intelligent decision-making through multi-objective optimization has been proposed as an efficient method for human-centered manufacturing. However, previous vast researches on optimization have been mainly focused on optimization theory and optimization techniques and paid little interests on the process of problem formulation itself. In this paper, therefore, the authors present a total framework for supporting multi-objective decision making. Then, the authors try to solve the formulated multi-objective optimization problem that involves both qualitative and quantitative performance measures as a general consequence from the above procedure. Taking especially quality as a qualitative measure, the authors gave a new idea to evaluate the quality quantitatively. Additionally, to facilitate the portability of the proposed method in multidisciplinary decision-making environments, the authors implement the proposal algorithm in an Excel spreadsheet and validate the effectiveness of the approach through a case study.
