This study is about the main problem of the European Union arising from the social status of migrant or migrant background population. It is trying to reveal the real causes, why migrants have difficulties in adapting...This study is about the main problem of the European Union arising from the social status of migrant or migrant background population. It is trying to reveal the real causes, why migrants have difficulties in adapting to the conventions of the receiver countries. The study also focuses on three main questions： the social status of women, public education, and the anomalies of the labour market. It is also trying to find the possible way for the EU communities how to establish and develop a common immigration policy, which can solve the problem in an integrated package system and also fit into the characteristic features of the member-states. This paper is going to give an overview on issues affecting both migrant and migrant-originated communities and is going to analyse cause-reason connections. We also must find efficient responses adequate for applying as strategies for tackling challenges of this nature, which Hungary performs its EU Presidency in first term of the year 2011.展开更多
The rapid increase in resource sharing across domains in the cloud comput- ing environment makes the task of managing inter-domain access control policy integration difficult for the security administrators. Al- thoug...The rapid increase in resource sharing across domains in the cloud comput- ing environment makes the task of managing inter-domain access control policy integration difficult for the security administrators. Al- though a number of policy integration and sec- urity analysis mechanisms have been devel- oped, few focus on enabling the average ad- ministrator by providing an intuitive cognitive sense about the integrated policies, which considerably undermines the usability factor. In this paper we propose a visualization flame- work for inter-domain access control policy integration, which integrates Role Based Ac- cess Control （RBAC） policies on the basis of role-mapping and then visualizes the inte- grated result. The role mapping algorithm in the framework considers the hybrid role hier- archy. It can not only satisfy the security con- straints of non-cyclic inheritance and separa- tion of duty but also make visualization easier. The framework uses role-permission trees and semantic substrates to visualize the integrated policies. Through the interactive policy query visualization, the average administrator can gain an intuitive understanding of the policy integration result.展开更多
Integrating and sharing data from different data sources is one of the trends to make better use of data. However, data integration hampers data confidentiality where each data source has its own access control policy...Integrating and sharing data from different data sources is one of the trends to make better use of data. However, data integration hampers data confidentiality where each data source has its own access control policy. This paper includes a discussion on the issue about access control across multiple data sources when they arc combined together in the scenario of searching over these data. A method based on multilevel security for data integration is proposed. The proposed method allows the merging of policies and also tackles the issue of policy conflicts between different data sources.展开更多
Objectivity in media practice is the journalist＇s ability to give every segment of the audience an equal right to be heard and seen, to read or to react. Disappointingly, that objectivity does not extend to the polic...Objectivity in media practice is the journalist＇s ability to give every segment of the audience an equal right to be heard and seen, to read or to react. Disappointingly, that objectivity does not extend to the policies that regulate that practice. This concern is demonstrated in the incoherence and lack of judgment that exist in media policy domains where journalism is confined to a deal between only the journalist and his or her audience. This linear process conspicuously excludes those crucial stakeholders whose interests tremendously affect the destiny of journalists and their audience. The development has adversely affected policy rationality in some developing countries as media policies lack interactive planning, robust policy discourses and stakeholder dialogue, thereby undermining policy integrity. This paper attempts to argue that for a media policy to be truly in public interest, formulators have to expand their horizon beyond government, journalists and their audience to other stakeholders. Newsmakers, who fall into a category of such stakeholders, can make the journalist＇s pen run dry if they go on strike! Others include media users, media owners and media scholars. The paper recommends the process of harnessing the perspectives of these stakeholders in a manner that can make analysts consider drafting a fresh all-encompassing media policy for developing countries, especially those of Africa.展开更多
China should pilot renewable energy integration policies similar to those adopted in Germany and Texas in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region to transmit excess energy and reduce wasted wind power.Renewable energy integr...China should pilot renewable energy integration policies similar to those adopted in Germany and Texas in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region to transmit excess energy and reduce wasted wind power.Renewable energy integration will be fundamental to China?s transition to a low-carbon economy.Although China now leads the world in terms展开更多
Biodiversity mainstreaming remains among the most persistent gaps in global environmental governance.China’s national park reforms provide a large-scale empirical test of mainstreaming in practice.By unifying fragmen...Biodiversity mainstreaming remains among the most persistent gaps in global environmental governance.China’s national park reforms provide a large-scale empirical test of mainstreaming in practice.By unifying fragmented protected areas,consolidating governance mandates,aligning cross-sector policies,and formalizing inclusive stewardship,the reforms have delivered measurable gains in flagship species recovery,ecosystem service resilience,and community participation.Yet its transformative potential is constrained by limited penetration into non-conservation sectors,uneven adaptive capacity,and incomplete social integration.We distill three transferable principles-coherence,consolidation,and co-production-and outline instruments to embed biodiversity imperatives beyond protected areas into infrastructure,agriculture,and regional planning.Achieving the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework will require moving beyond isolated conservation enclaves toward integrated policy ecologies that can durably reconcile biodiversity outcomes with equitable human well-being.展开更多
In August 2024,the United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution 78/321 to declare the period from 2025 to 2034 as the“Decade of Action for Cryospheric Sciences”.This action was championed by the Republic of Fr...In August 2024,the United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution 78/321 to declare the period from 2025 to 2034 as the“Decade of Action for Cryospheric Sciences”.This action was championed by the Republic of France and the Republic of Tajikistan,with support from over 30 member states,underscoring the urgent need for an international scientific collaboration to mitigate the far-reaching effects of cryospheric changes on ecosystems,water security,and global climate stability.A dedicated brainstorming session during the March 2025 celebrations in Paris convened over 1,000 policymakers,scientists,and stakeholders to outline the priorities for the Decade of Action.The session aimed to foster cross-border partnerships and strengthen the integration of cryospheric science into global climate adaptation strategies.Joint task force teams developed an integrated governance framework through discussions across five domains—scientific research,socioeconomic impacts,education,policy advocacy,and finance.The Decade of Action for Cryospheric Sciences represents a critical shift from observation to intervention,mobilizing global stakeholders to translate scientific consensus into concrete measures against cryosphere decline.The initiative responds to urgent calls from UNESCO and international partners for coordinated action on cryosphere preservation.展开更多
The growing water stress both in terms of water scarcity and quality deterioration promotes the development of reclaimed water as a new water resource use. This paper reviewed wastewater reuse practices in China, and ...The growing water stress both in terms of water scarcity and quality deterioration promotes the development of reclaimed water as a new water resource use. This paper reviewed wastewater reuse practices in China, and the opportunities and challenges of expanding reclaimed water use were analyzed. Rapid urbanization with the increasing of water demand and wastewater discharge provides an opportunity for wastewater reuse. The vast amount of wastewater discharge and low reclaimed water production mean that wastewater reuse still has a great potential in China. Many environmental and economic benefits and successful reclamation technologies also provide opportunities for wastewater reuse. In addition, the overall strategy in China is also encouraging for wastewater reuse. In the beginning stage of wastewater reclamation and reuse, there are many significant challenges to expand wastewater reuse in China including slow pace in adopting urban wastewater reuse programs, the establishment of integrated water resources management framework and guidelines for wastewater reuse programs, incoherent water quality requirements, the limited commercial development of reclaimed water and the strengthening of public awareness and cooperation among stakeholders.展开更多
Computer simulation was used for predictive analysis of the effects of weather and soil type on crop yield in the U.S. crop insurance program. The Environmental Policy Integrated Climate （EPIC） model was modified to...Computer simulation was used for predictive analysis of the effects of weather and soil type on crop yield in the U.S. crop insurance program. The Environmental Policy Integrated Climate （EPIC） model was modified to include hail weather events, which completed the modifications necessary to simulate the four most frequent causes of crop yield loss （hail, excessive wet, excessive cold, and excessive dry） associated with soil type in Kansas, USA. At the region level, per hectare yields were simulated for corn, wheat, soybean, and sorghum. We concluded that it was possible to predict crop yields through computer simulation with greater than 93% accuracy. The hail damage model test indicated EPIC could predict hail-soil-induced yield losses reasonably well （R^2 〉 0.6）. The investigation of soil type influence on dryland sorghum and wheat production indicated that Wymore silty clay loam soil and Kenorna silt loam produced the highest sorghum yields statistically; Kuma silt loam, Roxbury silt loam, Crete silty clay loam, and Woodson silt soils produced the second highest sorghum yields statistically; and Richfiled silt loam, Wells loam, and Canadian sandy loam produced the lowest sorghum yields. By contrast, wheat production showed less sensitivity to soil type variation. The less sensitive response of wheat yields to the soil type could be largely due to the unconsidered small-scale variability of soil features.展开更多
The main aim of this study is to assess various aspects of the current water policy, investigate the perspectives of water saving, evaluate water price elasticity and explore new approaches toward sustainable water ma...The main aim of this study is to assess various aspects of the current water policy, investigate the perspectives of water saving, evaluate water price elasticity and explore new approaches toward sustainable water management in the water sector, through a questionnaire survey that has been performed in the city of Volos, Greece, concerning the residential sector. The appropriate design of water management measures presupposes the investigation of the influence of some selected variables to consumers＇ behavior. The price of water, the size of the dwelling, the indoor and outdoor uses, the educational level, the income of consumers as well as rainfall and temperature levels are examined, the residential water demand curve is estimated and projections of future water demand under different pricing policies are performed.展开更多
Disaster risk,climate change,and unsustainable development are growing and interconnected challenges across Africa,where socio-economic vulnerabilities,environmental degradation,and institutional fragility converge to...Disaster risk,climate change,and unsustainable development are growing and interconnected challenges across Africa,where socio-economic vulnerabilities,environmental degradation,and institutional fragility converge to amplify risks.While the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction(SFDRR),the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change provide complementary global frameworks for tackling these complex issues,the true extent of their integrated implementation in the African context has remained largely unexplored.Existing research has tended to examine these frameworks in isolation,failing to capture their potential synergies and combined impact.This study fills this gap by assessing the integration of these global frameworks into national and sub-national planning and implementation processes in Africa.The study conducted a systematic review,complemented by a review of grey literature,covering the period from 2000 to 2024.The analysis combined qualitative thematic synthesis with quantitative assessment using MATLAB to identify trends,patterns,and integration gaps.Key funding reveals that while these frameworks are formally endorsed in Africa,their integration remains limited and inconsistent.Analysis shows that only 6.5% of Africa’s measurable SDG targets are on track,with 67.7% requiring acceleration and 25.8% off track for achieving the 2030 goals.Furthermore,fewer than 30% of African countries have adopted comprehensive strategies aligning DRR,climate adaptation,and SDGs.The study also confirms that fragmented financing,weak decentralization,and incompatible data systems persist as major barriers,limiting operational coherence and impact.展开更多
The accelerating population aging in China,coupled with significant shifts in disease spectrum,has led to growing challenges including expanding healthcare demands,rising medical costs,and increasing social burdens of...The accelerating population aging in China,coupled with significant shifts in disease spectrum,has led to growing challenges including expanding healthcare demands,rising medical costs,and increasing social burdens of elderly care.Although China formally introduced the integrated medical-elderly care policy through the Several Opinions on Promoting the Development of the Health Service Industry(2013),substantial gaps persist between policy implementation outcomes and original objectives.Guided by Smith's policy implementation process model,this study examines four analytical dimensions:policy framework,executing agencies,target populations,and environmental factors.The analysis reveals four key constraints:(1)discrepancies between idealized policy design and complex intergovernmental relations,(2)ambiguous division of responsibilities coupled with inadequate professional workforce,(3)persistent traditional family values conflicting with diversified healthcare needs,and(4)insufficient legal oversight alongside misaligned medical service philosophies.To address these challenges,the study proposes policy recommendations including improving the legal framework for integrated care systems,fostering tripartite collaboration among hospitals,communities,and elderly care institutions,refining medical-elderly care insurance payment mechanisms,and advancing intelligent information infrastructure development.展开更多
An appropriate spacing policy improves traffic flow and traffic efficiency while reducing commuting time and energy con-sumption.In this paper,the integrated spacing policy that combines the benefits of the constant t...An appropriate spacing policy improves traffic flow and traffic efficiency while reducing commuting time and energy con-sumption.In this paper,the integrated spacing policy that combines the benefits of the constant time headway(CTH)and safety distance(SD)spacing policies is proposed in an attempt to improve traffic flow and efficiency.Firstly,the performance of the CTH and SD spacing policies is analyzed from the perspective of the microscopic characteristics of human-vehicle and the macroscopic characteristics of traffic flow.The switching law between CTH and SD spacing policies and the integrated spacing policy are then proposed to increase traffic efficiency according to the traffic conditions,and the critical speed for the proposed integrated spacing policy is derived.Using the proposed switching law,the integrated spacing policy utilizes the safety redundancy difference between the CTH and SD spacing policies in a flexible manner.Simulation tests demon-strate that the proposed integrated spacing policy increases traffic flow and that the traffic flow maintains string stability in a wider range of traffic flow density.展开更多
On May 6,2019,the CPC Central Committee and State Council released the Opinions Concerning Establishing and Improving the Institution,Mechanism,and Policy System for Urban and Rural Integrated Development(shortened in...On May 6,2019,the CPC Central Committee and State Council released the Opinions Concerning Establishing and Improving the Institution,Mechanism,and Policy System for Urban and Rural Integrated Development(shortened into the Opinions in the following part).The Opinions suggests that by 2022,a primary urban-rural integrated development mechanism should be established.An institutional channel for free flowing of urban and rural elements should be basically opened up,the restrictions on urban permanent household registration should be gradually eliminated,the unified urban and rural construction land use market should be set up,the capacity of finance serving for countryside revitalization should be apparently promoted.展开更多
Ten years after the adoption of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030,disaster risk governance remains one of its most ambitious yet unevenly implemented priorities,particularly in African contex...Ten years after the adoption of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030,disaster risk governance remains one of its most ambitious yet unevenly implemented priorities,particularly in African contexts.While Priority 2 articulates a comprehensive vision of inclusive,coordinated,and multisectoral governance,many African countries continue to operate without updated disaster legislation or coherent institutional frameworks.This study critically examined how Priority 2 has been interpreted and operationalized in five African countries—Kenya,Nigeria,Egypt,Namibia,and the Democratic Republic of Congo—drawing on qualitative document analysis and a thematic framework derived from the Sendai Framework governance dimensions.The study found partial alignment with Sendai Framework's aspirations,especially in legal reforms,multilevel planning,and stakeholder engagement in countries like Kenya and Namibia.However,persistent gaps remain in integrating disaster risk reduction into sectoral policies,institutionalizing participation,and ensuring transparency and accountability.The Sendai Framework's emphasis on technocratic coordination and universal governance models often overlooks power dynamics,historical inequalities,and informal institutional realities,limiting its transformative potential.Participation is frequently symbolic rather than substantive,and risk is treated as a technical variable rather than a product of structural vulnerability.These findings underscore the need to move beyond compliance-driven governance models toward more context-sensitive,adaptive,and justice-oriented approaches.As global risk landscapes evolve,the post-2030 agenda must prioritize institutional learning,power redistribution,and inclusive decision making.展开更多
As one of the most popular visual programming languages,Scratch has a lot of evaluation around it.Reasonable evaluation can help programmers understand their projects better.At the same time,it can also provide a refe...As one of the most popular visual programming languages,Scratch has a lot of evaluation around it.Reasonable evaluation can help programmers understand their projects better.At the same time,it can also provide a reference for them to browse other projects in the online community.Most of the existing evaluations on Scratch are carried from three perspectives:Computational Thinking(CT)ability,visual presentation aesthetics,and code quality.Among them,the assessment of CT and code quality is mainly carried out from the program script,while the evaluation of visual aesthetics is analyzed from the perspective of image sequences generated by project execution.The single-view evaluation focuses on the performance of a program in a certain aspect and is one-sided.In this paper,we propose a multi-view evaluation framework to integrate various evaluations using different policies.We quantitatively analyze the assessment of different views driven by data.Combined with overall evaluations that represent human opinions,we analyze their differences and connections.Through experiments,we determine the weights of different integration policies,the proposed multi-view evaluation method can generate evaluation results similar to human opinions.展开更多
In order to provide integrity protection for the secure operating system to satisfy the structured protection class＇ requirements, a DTE technique based integrity protection formalization model is proposed after the ...In order to provide integrity protection for the secure operating system to satisfy the structured protection class＇ requirements, a DTE technique based integrity protection formalization model is proposed after the implications and structures of the integrity policy have been analyzed in detail. This model consists of some basic rules for configuring DTE and a state transition model, which are used to instruct how the domains and types are set, and how security invariants obtained from initial configuration are maintained in the process of system transition respectively. In this model, ten invariants are introduced, especially, some new invariants dealing with information flow are proposed, and their relations with corresponding invariants described in literatures are also discussed. The thirteen transition rules with well-formed atomicity are presented in a well-operational manner. The basic security theorems correspond to these invariants and transition rules are proved. The rationalities for proposing the invariants are further annotated via analyzing the differences between this model and ones described in literatures. At last but not least, future works are prospected, especially, it is pointed out that it is possible to use this model to analyze SE-Linux security.展开更多
文摘This study is about the main problem of the European Union arising from the social status of migrant or migrant background population. It is trying to reveal the real causes, why migrants have difficulties in adapting to the conventions of the receiver countries. The study also focuses on three main questions： the social status of women, public education, and the anomalies of the labour market. It is also trying to find the possible way for the EU communities how to establish and develop a common immigration policy, which can solve the problem in an integrated package system and also fit into the characteristic features of the member-states. This paper is going to give an overview on issues affecting both migrant and migrant-originated communities and is going to analyse cause-reason connections. We also must find efficient responses adequate for applying as strategies for tackling challenges of this nature, which Hungary performs its EU Presidency in first term of the year 2011.
基金supported in part by National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) under Grant No.2013CB329603National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60903191
文摘The rapid increase in resource sharing across domains in the cloud comput- ing environment makes the task of managing inter-domain access control policy integration difficult for the security administrators. Al- though a number of policy integration and sec- urity analysis mechanisms have been devel- oped, few focus on enabling the average ad- ministrator by providing an intuitive cognitive sense about the integrated policies, which considerably undermines the usability factor. In this paper we propose a visualization flame- work for inter-domain access control policy integration, which integrates Role Based Ac- cess Control （RBAC） policies on the basis of role-mapping and then visualizes the inte- grated result. The role mapping algorithm in the framework considers the hybrid role hier- archy. It can not only satisfy the security con- straints of non-cyclic inheritance and separa- tion of duty but also make visualization easier. The framework uses role-permission trees and semantic substrates to visualize the integrated policies. Through the interactive policy query visualization, the average administrator can gain an intuitive understanding of the policy integration result.
基金Supported by the China MOE-China Mobile Research Fund(MCM20121051,MCM20130651)China MOE Doctoral Research Fund(20134407120017)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(S2012030006242)Guangdong Industry Development Fund(S2014-007)Guangzhou Industry Cooperation Fund(2014Y2-00004,2014Y2-00006)
文摘Integrating and sharing data from different data sources is one of the trends to make better use of data. However, data integration hampers data confidentiality where each data source has its own access control policy. This paper includes a discussion on the issue about access control across multiple data sources when they arc combined together in the scenario of searching over these data. A method based on multilevel security for data integration is proposed. The proposed method allows the merging of policies and also tackles the issue of policy conflicts between different data sources.
文摘Objectivity in media practice is the journalist＇s ability to give every segment of the audience an equal right to be heard and seen, to read or to react. Disappointingly, that objectivity does not extend to the policies that regulate that practice. This concern is demonstrated in the incoherence and lack of judgment that exist in media policy domains where journalism is confined to a deal between only the journalist and his or her audience. This linear process conspicuously excludes those crucial stakeholders whose interests tremendously affect the destiny of journalists and their audience. The development has adversely affected policy rationality in some developing countries as media policies lack interactive planning, robust policy discourses and stakeholder dialogue, thereby undermining policy integrity. This paper attempts to argue that for a media policy to be truly in public interest, formulators have to expand their horizon beyond government, journalists and their audience to other stakeholders. Newsmakers, who fall into a category of such stakeholders, can make the journalist＇s pen run dry if they go on strike! Others include media users, media owners and media scholars. The paper recommends the process of harnessing the perspectives of these stakeholders in a manner that can make analysts consider drafting a fresh all-encompassing media policy for developing countries, especially those of Africa.
文摘China should pilot renewable energy integration policies similar to those adopted in Germany and Texas in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region to transmit excess energy and reduce wasted wind power.Renewable energy integration will be fundamental to China?s transition to a low-carbon economy.Although China now leads the world in terms
基金supported by Joint Research Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Qinghai Provincial People’s Government on Three-River-Source National Park(E2X2931601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42230510)the Second Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(2019QZKK0401).
文摘Biodiversity mainstreaming remains among the most persistent gaps in global environmental governance.China’s national park reforms provide a large-scale empirical test of mainstreaming in practice.By unifying fragmented protected areas,consolidating governance mandates,aligning cross-sector policies,and formalizing inclusive stewardship,the reforms have delivered measurable gains in flagship species recovery,ecosystem service resilience,and community participation.Yet its transformative potential is constrained by limited penetration into non-conservation sectors,uneven adaptive capacity,and incomplete social integration.We distill three transferable principles-coherence,consolidation,and co-production-and outline instruments to embed biodiversity imperatives beyond protected areas into infrastructure,agriculture,and regional planning.Achieving the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework will require moving beyond isolated conservation enclaves toward integrated policy ecologies that can durably reconcile biodiversity outcomes with equitable human well-being.
基金support from USA NSF Grant OPP2213875NASA Grant 80NSSC22K1707.
文摘In August 2024,the United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution 78/321 to declare the period from 2025 to 2034 as the“Decade of Action for Cryospheric Sciences”.This action was championed by the Republic of France and the Republic of Tajikistan,with support from over 30 member states,underscoring the urgent need for an international scientific collaboration to mitigate the far-reaching effects of cryospheric changes on ecosystems,water security,and global climate stability.A dedicated brainstorming session during the March 2025 celebrations in Paris convened over 1,000 policymakers,scientists,and stakeholders to outline the priorities for the Decade of Action.The session aimed to foster cross-border partnerships and strengthen the integration of cryospheric science into global climate adaptation strategies.Joint task force teams developed an integrated governance framework through discussions across five domains—scientific research,socioeconomic impacts,education,policy advocacy,and finance.The Decade of Action for Cryospheric Sciences represents a critical shift from observation to intervention,mobilizing global stakeholders to translate scientific consensus into concrete measures against cryosphere decline.The initiative responds to urgent calls from UNESCO and international partners for coordinated action on cryosphere preservation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41271501)
文摘The growing water stress both in terms of water scarcity and quality deterioration promotes the development of reclaimed water as a new water resource use. This paper reviewed wastewater reuse practices in China, and the opportunities and challenges of expanding reclaimed water use were analyzed. Rapid urbanization with the increasing of water demand and wastewater discharge provides an opportunity for wastewater reuse. The vast amount of wastewater discharge and low reclaimed water production mean that wastewater reuse still has a great potential in China. Many environmental and economic benefits and successful reclamation technologies also provide opportunities for wastewater reuse. In addition, the overall strategy in China is also encouraging for wastewater reuse. In the beginning stage of wastewater reclamation and reuse, there are many significant challenges to expand wastewater reuse in China including slow pace in adopting urban wastewater reuse programs, the establishment of integrated water resources management framework and guidelines for wastewater reuse programs, incoherent water quality requirements, the limited commercial development of reclaimed water and the strengthening of public awareness and cooperation among stakeholders.
基金supported by the Risk Management Agency Strategic Data Acquisition and Analysis Division Research Fund of United States Department of Agriculture (No.53-3151-2-00017)
文摘Computer simulation was used for predictive analysis of the effects of weather and soil type on crop yield in the U.S. crop insurance program. The Environmental Policy Integrated Climate （EPIC） model was modified to include hail weather events, which completed the modifications necessary to simulate the four most frequent causes of crop yield loss （hail, excessive wet, excessive cold, and excessive dry） associated with soil type in Kansas, USA. At the region level, per hectare yields were simulated for corn, wheat, soybean, and sorghum. We concluded that it was possible to predict crop yields through computer simulation with greater than 93% accuracy. The hail damage model test indicated EPIC could predict hail-soil-induced yield losses reasonably well （R^2 〉 0.6）. The investigation of soil type influence on dryland sorghum and wheat production indicated that Wymore silty clay loam soil and Kenorna silt loam produced the highest sorghum yields statistically; Kuma silt loam, Roxbury silt loam, Crete silty clay loam, and Woodson silt soils produced the second highest sorghum yields statistically; and Richfiled silt loam, Wells loam, and Canadian sandy loam produced the lowest sorghum yields. By contrast, wheat production showed less sensitivity to soil type variation. The less sensitive response of wheat yields to the soil type could be largely due to the unconsidered small-scale variability of soil features.
文摘The main aim of this study is to assess various aspects of the current water policy, investigate the perspectives of water saving, evaluate water price elasticity and explore new approaches toward sustainable water management in the water sector, through a questionnaire survey that has been performed in the city of Volos, Greece, concerning the residential sector. The appropriate design of water management measures presupposes the investigation of the influence of some selected variables to consumers＇ behavior. The price of water, the size of the dwelling, the indoor and outdoor uses, the educational level, the income of consumers as well as rainfall and temperature levels are examined, the residential water demand curve is estimated and projections of future water demand under different pricing policies are performed.
文摘Disaster risk,climate change,and unsustainable development are growing and interconnected challenges across Africa,where socio-economic vulnerabilities,environmental degradation,and institutional fragility converge to amplify risks.While the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction(SFDRR),the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change provide complementary global frameworks for tackling these complex issues,the true extent of their integrated implementation in the African context has remained largely unexplored.Existing research has tended to examine these frameworks in isolation,failing to capture their potential synergies and combined impact.This study fills this gap by assessing the integration of these global frameworks into national and sub-national planning and implementation processes in Africa.The study conducted a systematic review,complemented by a review of grey literature,covering the period from 2000 to 2024.The analysis combined qualitative thematic synthesis with quantitative assessment using MATLAB to identify trends,patterns,and integration gaps.Key funding reveals that while these frameworks are formally endorsed in Africa,their integration remains limited and inconsistent.Analysis shows that only 6.5% of Africa’s measurable SDG targets are on track,with 67.7% requiring acceleration and 25.8% off track for achieving the 2030 goals.Furthermore,fewer than 30% of African countries have adopted comprehensive strategies aligning DRR,climate adaptation,and SDGs.The study also confirms that fragmented financing,weak decentralization,and incompatible data systems persist as major barriers,limiting operational coherence and impact.
文摘The accelerating population aging in China,coupled with significant shifts in disease spectrum,has led to growing challenges including expanding healthcare demands,rising medical costs,and increasing social burdens of elderly care.Although China formally introduced the integrated medical-elderly care policy through the Several Opinions on Promoting the Development of the Health Service Industry(2013),substantial gaps persist between policy implementation outcomes and original objectives.Guided by Smith's policy implementation process model,this study examines four analytical dimensions:policy framework,executing agencies,target populations,and environmental factors.The analysis reveals four key constraints:(1)discrepancies between idealized policy design and complex intergovernmental relations,(2)ambiguous division of responsibilities coupled with inadequate professional workforce,(3)persistent traditional family values conflicting with diversified healthcare needs,and(4)insufficient legal oversight alongside misaligned medical service philosophies.To address these challenges,the study proposes policy recommendations including improving the legal framework for integrated care systems,fostering tripartite collaboration among hospitals,communities,and elderly care institutions,refining medical-elderly care insurance payment mechanisms,and advancing intelligent information infrastructure development.
基金Special thanks are due to the National Natural Science Foundation of China[51675217,61790564]the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST[2016QNRC001]+1 种基金the China Automobile Industry Innovation and Development Joint Fund[U1564213]the Opening Founding of State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control[20161114]for supporting authors’research.
文摘An appropriate spacing policy improves traffic flow and traffic efficiency while reducing commuting time and energy con-sumption.In this paper,the integrated spacing policy that combines the benefits of the constant time headway(CTH)and safety distance(SD)spacing policies is proposed in an attempt to improve traffic flow and efficiency.Firstly,the performance of the CTH and SD spacing policies is analyzed from the perspective of the microscopic characteristics of human-vehicle and the macroscopic characteristics of traffic flow.The switching law between CTH and SD spacing policies and the integrated spacing policy are then proposed to increase traffic efficiency according to the traffic conditions,and the critical speed for the proposed integrated spacing policy is derived.Using the proposed switching law,the integrated spacing policy utilizes the safety redundancy difference between the CTH and SD spacing policies in a flexible manner.Simulation tests demon-strate that the proposed integrated spacing policy increases traffic flow and that the traffic flow maintains string stability in a wider range of traffic flow density.
文摘On May 6,2019,the CPC Central Committee and State Council released the Opinions Concerning Establishing and Improving the Institution,Mechanism,and Policy System for Urban and Rural Integrated Development(shortened into the Opinions in the following part).The Opinions suggests that by 2022,a primary urban-rural integrated development mechanism should be established.An institutional channel for free flowing of urban and rural elements should be basically opened up,the restrictions on urban permanent household registration should be gradually eliminated,the unified urban and rural construction land use market should be set up,the capacity of finance serving for countryside revitalization should be apparently promoted.
文摘Ten years after the adoption of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030,disaster risk governance remains one of its most ambitious yet unevenly implemented priorities,particularly in African contexts.While Priority 2 articulates a comprehensive vision of inclusive,coordinated,and multisectoral governance,many African countries continue to operate without updated disaster legislation or coherent institutional frameworks.This study critically examined how Priority 2 has been interpreted and operationalized in five African countries—Kenya,Nigeria,Egypt,Namibia,and the Democratic Republic of Congo—drawing on qualitative document analysis and a thematic framework derived from the Sendai Framework governance dimensions.The study found partial alignment with Sendai Framework's aspirations,especially in legal reforms,multilevel planning,and stakeholder engagement in countries like Kenya and Namibia.However,persistent gaps remain in integrating disaster risk reduction into sectoral policies,institutionalizing participation,and ensuring transparency and accountability.The Sendai Framework's emphasis on technocratic coordination and universal governance models often overlooks power dynamics,historical inequalities,and informal institutional realities,limiting its transformative potential.Participation is frequently symbolic rather than substantive,and risk is treated as a technical variable rather than a product of structural vulnerability.These findings underscore the need to move beyond compliance-driven governance models toward more context-sensitive,adaptive,and justice-oriented approaches.As global risk landscapes evolve,the post-2030 agenda must prioritize institutional learning,power redistribution,and inclusive decision making.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62272052 and 62172051).
文摘As one of the most popular visual programming languages,Scratch has a lot of evaluation around it.Reasonable evaluation can help programmers understand their projects better.At the same time,it can also provide a reference for them to browse other projects in the online community.Most of the existing evaluations on Scratch are carried from three perspectives:Computational Thinking(CT)ability,visual presentation aesthetics,and code quality.Among them,the assessment of CT and code quality is mainly carried out from the program script,while the evaluation of visual aesthetics is analyzed from the perspective of image sequences generated by project execution.The single-view evaluation focuses on the performance of a program in a certain aspect and is one-sided.In this paper,we propose a multi-view evaluation framework to integrate various evaluations using different policies.We quantitatively analyze the assessment of different views driven by data.Combined with overall evaluations that represent human opinions,we analyze their differences and connections.Through experiments,we determine the weights of different integration policies,the proposed multi-view evaluation method can generate evaluation results similar to human opinions.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.4052016)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.60573042)the National Grand Fundamental Research 973 Program of China(Grant No.G1999035802).
文摘In order to provide integrity protection for the secure operating system to satisfy the structured protection class＇ requirements, a DTE technique based integrity protection formalization model is proposed after the implications and structures of the integrity policy have been analyzed in detail. This model consists of some basic rules for configuring DTE and a state transition model, which are used to instruct how the domains and types are set, and how security invariants obtained from initial configuration are maintained in the process of system transition respectively. In this model, ten invariants are introduced, especially, some new invariants dealing with information flow are proposed, and their relations with corresponding invariants described in literatures are also discussed. The thirteen transition rules with well-formed atomicity are presented in a well-operational manner. The basic security theorems correspond to these invariants and transition rules are proved. The rationalities for proposing the invariants are further annotated via analyzing the differences between this model and ones described in literatures. At last but not least, future works are prospected, especially, it is pointed out that it is possible to use this model to analyze SE-Linux security.
