To realize high accurate control of relative position and attitude between two spacecrafts, the coupling between position and attitude must be fully considered and a more precise model should be established. This pape...To realize high accurate control of relative position and attitude between two spacecrafts, the coupling between position and attitude must be fully considered and a more precise model should be established. This paper breaks the traditional divide and conquer idea, and uses a mathematical tool, namely dual quaternion to establish the integrated 6 degree-of-freedom(6-DOF) model of relative position and attitude, which describes the coupled relative motion in a compact and efficient form and needs less information of the target. Considering the complex operation rules and the unclarity of the current relative motion model in dual quaternion, necessary mathematical foundations are given at first, followed by clear and detailed modeling process and analysis. Finally a generalized proportion-derivative(PD) controller law is designed. The simulation results show that based on the integrated model established by dual quaternion, this control law can achieve a high control accuracy of relative motion.展开更多
An analytical model for current-voltage behavior of amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O thin-film transistors（a-IGZO TFTs）with dual-gate structures is developed.The unified expressions for synchronous and asynchronous operating mo...An analytical model for current-voltage behavior of amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O thin-film transistors（a-IGZO TFTs）with dual-gate structures is developed.The unified expressions for synchronous and asynchronous operating modes are derived on the basis of channel charges,which are controlled by gate voltage.It is proven that the threshold voltage of asynchronous dual-gate IGZO TFTs is adjusted in proportion to the ratio of top insulating capacitance to the bottom insulating capacitance（C_（TI）/C_（BI））.Incorporating the proposed model with Verilog-A,a touch-sensing circuit using dual-gate structure is investigated by SPICE simulations.Comparison shows that the touch sensitivity is increased by the dual-gate IGZO TFT structure.展开更多
Objective:To explore the connotation of the integrated medical-care-rehabilitation nursing model and its application effect in elderly patients with chronic diseases.Methods:A total of 122 elderly patients with chroni...Objective:To explore the connotation of the integrated medical-care-rehabilitation nursing model and its application effect in elderly patients with chronic diseases.Methods:A total of 122 elderly patients with chronic diseases admitted to our hospital from January 2023 to June 2023 were selected and randomly divided into an observation group(62 cases)and a control group(60 cases).Both groups received routine nursing during hospitalization.After discharge,the control group received conventional continuous nursing,while the observation group was given the integrated medical-care-rehabilitation nursing model.The psychological status of the elderly patients in the two groups was compared before nursing and 6 months after nursing.Assessments were made on their clinical symptoms of mental health,self-care ability,health behaviors,and mastery of knowledge about elderly chronic diseases.Results:Six months after nursing,the scores of self-rated clinical symptoms of mental health and negative coping in both groups were lower than those before nursing(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the scores of negative coping,self-care ability,and health behaviors in both groups were higher than those before nursing(P<0.05).Conclusion:The integrated medical-care-rehabilitation nursing model can not only improve the nursing quality for elderly patients with chronic diseases but also foster their positive mentality,help them understand knowledge about diet and health care related to chronic diseases,enhance their self-care ability and health awareness,and assist them in achieving better recovery[1].展开更多
This article describes the integrated modeling approach for planning the size and the operation of constructed wetlands for maximizing retention of nonpoint source pollutant loads and reservoir water-quality improveme...This article describes the integrated modeling approach for planning the size and the operation of constructed wetlands for maximizing retention of nonpoint source pollutant loads and reservoir water-quality improvement at a catchment scale. The experimental field-scale wetland systems （four sets, 0.88 ha each） have been in operation since 2002, where water depth was maintained at 30-50 cm and hydraulic loading rate was at 6.3-18.8 cm/day. The wetland system was found to be adequate for treating polluted stream water with stable removal efficiency even during the winter. The integrated modeling system （modified-BASINS） was applied to the Seokmoon estuarine reservoir watershed and calibrated with monitoring data from constructed wetland, stream, and reservoir. The calibrated integrated modeling system estimated that constructing wetlands on 0.5% （about 114 ha） of the watershed area at the mouth of reservoir could reduce 11.61% and 13.49% of total external nitrogen and phosphorus loads, respectively. It also might improve the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of the reservoir by 9.69% and 16.48%, respectively. The study suggested that about 0.1%-1.0% of the watershed area should be allocated for constructed wetland to meet specified water-quality standards for the estuarine reservoir at the polder area where land use planning is relatively less complicated.展开更多
The research on water masses is always one important facet of Oceanography. I adopt the method of Fuzzy Density Clustering to analyse water masses. Meanwhile, I use Visual Basic 6.0 as developing platform and utilize ...The research on water masses is always one important facet of Oceanography. I adopt the method of Fuzzy Density Clustering to analyse water masses. Meanwhile, I use Visual Basic 6.0 as developing platform and utilize the MapX components to develop the platform of GIS. By integrating the Water Masses Model compiled by FORTRAN language, and GIS using Tight Coupling, I develop an Integrated System. That makes all phases are finished in one condition, including the gain of computing grid, the pick-up and analysis of data, the choice of parameters and resetting, the computing of model, and the result＇s visualization. It improves the efficiency of the data analysis and decision-making Finally, this system is applied in the Zhoushan fishing ground and adjacent region. The results are satisfying.展开更多
The hybrid scenario,which has good confinement and moderate MHD instabilities,is a proposed operation scenario for international thermonuclear experimental reactor(ITER).In this work,the effect of plasma rotation on t...The hybrid scenario,which has good confinement and moderate MHD instabilities,is a proposed operation scenario for international thermonuclear experimental reactor(ITER).In this work,the effect of plasma rotation on the HL-3 hybrid scenario is analyzed with the integrated modeling framework OMFIT.The results show that toroidal rotation has no obvious effect on confinement with a high line averaged density of n_(bar)~(7)×10^(19)m^(-3).In this case,the ion temperature only changes from 4.7 keV to 4.4 keV with the rotation decreasing from 10^(5) rad/s to 10^(3) rad/s,which means that the turbulent heat transport is not dominant.While in the scenarios characterized by lower densities,such as n_(bar)~4×10^(19)m^(-3),turbulent transport becomes dominant in determining heat transport.The ion temperature rises from 3.8 keV to 6.1 keV in the core as the rotation velocity increases from 10^(3) rad/s to 10^(5) rad/s.Despite the ion temperature rising,the rotation velocity does not obviously affect electron temperature or density.Additionally,it is noteworthy that the variation in rotation velocity does not significantly affect the global confinement of plasma in scenarios with low density or with high density.展开更多
The grey system theory, with the characteristics of fewer modeling data and higher accuracy, was employed to model the batch dyeing process for the purpose of accurate online control. The GM（1, 1） and GM （0, N） mo...The grey system theory, with the characteristics of fewer modeling data and higher accuracy, was employed to model the batch dyeing process for the purpose of accurate online control. The GM（1, 1） and GM （0, N） models of the grey system theory were discussed for their feasibilities of modding for batch dyeing process. The combination of direct dyestuff Fast Red F3B on cotton was chosen as a representative of the common dyeing method for describing the modeling process. Firstly, the GM（ 1, 1 ） model and the GM（1, 1） combined with GM（0, N） model were employed to model the equilibrium percentage of dyeing uptake rate. Secondly, an integrated dyeing uptake rate model with three factors （ temperature, salt concentration, and pH） was established based on the adsorption rate equation. Experimental results show that this model has higher accuracy and beetler generalization ability, which can predict the results of batch dyeing process. Due to the application of grey system theory, the model has a lot of advantages, such as being easy to determine the parameter value and small amount of calculation. So it can also be suitable for the same type of combination of dyestuff-fahric by changing the parameters value only.展开更多
Hydropower gains increasing importance as a steerable and controllable power source in a renewable energy mix and deregulated markets. Although hydropower produces fossil-free energy, it has a significant impact on th...Hydropower gains increasing importance as a steerable and controllable power source in a renewable energy mix and deregulated markets. Although hydropower produces fossil-free energy, it has a significant impact on the local environment. This review investigates the effects of flow alterations by hydropower on the downstream river system and the possibilities to integrate these effects into hydraulic modeling. The results show that various effects of flow regulation on the ecosystem, but also social and economic effects on related communities were observed in the last decades. The application of hydraulic models for investigations of ecological effects is common. Especially hydraulic effects and effects on fish were extensively modeled with the help of hydraulic 1D- and 2D-simulations. Current applications to investigate social and economic effects integrated into hydraulic modeling are meanwhile limited. Approaches to realizing this integration are presented. Further research on the economic valuation of ecosystems and integration of social and economic effects to hydraulic models is necessary to develop holistic tools to support decision-making on sustainable hydropower.展开更多
Bailongjiang watershed in southern Gansu province, China, is one of the most landslide-prone regions in China, characterized by very high frequency of landslide occurrence. In order to predict the landslide occurrence...Bailongjiang watershed in southern Gansu province, China, is one of the most landslide-prone regions in China, characterized by very high frequency of landslide occurrence. In order to predict the landslide occurrence, a comprehensive map of landslide susceptibility is required which may be significantly helpful in reducing loss of property and human life. In this study, an integrated model of information value method and logistic regression is proposed by using their merits at maximum and overcoming their weaknesses, which may enhance precision and accuracy of landslide susceptibility assessment. A detailed and reliable landslide inventory with 1587 landslides was prepared and randomly divided into two groups,(i) training dataset and(ii) testing dataset. Eight distinct landslide conditioning factors including lithology, slope gradient, aspect, elevation, distance to drainages,distance to faults, distance to roads and vegetation coverage were selected for landslide susceptibility mapping. The produced landslide susceptibility maps were validated by the success rate and prediction rate curves. The validation results show that the success rate and the prediction rate of the integrated model are 81.7 % and 84.6 %, respectively, which indicate that the proposed integrated method is reliable to produce an accurate landslide susceptibility map and the results may be used for landslides management and mitigation.展开更多
The source apportionment of PM2.5 is essential for pollution prevention.In view of the weaknesses of individual models,we proposed an integrated chemical mass balancesource emission inventory(CMB-SEI)model to acquire ...The source apportionment of PM2.5 is essential for pollution prevention.In view of the weaknesses of individual models,we proposed an integrated chemical mass balancesource emission inventory(CMB-SEI)model to acquire more accurate results.First,the SEI of secondary component precursors(SO2,NOx,NH3,and VOCs)was compiled to acquire the emission ratios of these sources for the precursors.Then,a regular CMB simulation was executed to obtain the contributions of primary particle sources and secondary components(SO4^2-,NO3^-3,NH4^+,and SOC).Afterwards,the contributions of secondary components were apportioned into primary sources according to the source emission ratios.The final source apportionment results combined the contributions of primary sources by CMB and SEI.This integrated approach was carried out via a case study of three coastal cities(Zhoushan,Taizhou,and Wenzhou;abbreviated WZ,TZ,and ZS)in Zhejiang Province,China.The regular CMB simulation results showed that PM2.5 pollution was mainly affected by secondary components and mobile sources.The SEI results indicated that electricity,industrial production and mobile sources were the largest contributors to the emission of PM2.5 gaseous precursors.The simulation results of the CMB-SEI model showed that PM2.5 pollution in the coastal areas of Zhejiang Province presented complex pollution characteristics dominated by mobile sources,electricity production sources and industrial production sources.Compared to the results of the CMB and SEI models alone,the CMB-SEI model completely apportioned PM2.5 to primary sources and simultaneously made the results more accurate and reliable in accordance with local industrial characteristics.展开更多
The demand for fluorite resource is increasing rapidly as most fluorite deposits on Earth’s surface have been exhausted.The newly discovered fluorite deposits in Inner Mongolia are hosted by Permian metamorphosed san...The demand for fluorite resource is increasing rapidly as most fluorite deposits on Earth’s surface have been exhausted.The newly discovered fluorite deposits in Inner Mongolia are hosted by Permian metamorphosed sandy slate,intermediate-acid intrusive rocks and Cretaceous volcanic sedimentary rocks.The ore bodies are strictly controlled by faults and buried by cover rocks.The feasibility and effectiveness of multi-techniques for prospecting concealed fluorite ore bodies are evaluated,and 10 anomalies are delineated.On the basis of geological features and effectiveness of different methods,the optimum combinations of ore prospecting techniques are proposed for the exploration of zonal type and burial type concealed fluorite ore bodies.Based on comprehensive researches,an integrated exploration model is proposed:(i)select key prospecting targets based on geological backgrounds,regional geochemical anomalies of F and Ca,and remote sensing images;(ii)identify the spatial distribution of low resistivity anomaly and ore-controlling structure from geophysical survey;(iii)evaluate the mineralization potential in fault zone based on F and Ca anomalies in key sections selected from low resistivity anomaly zones;and(iv)evaluate the mineralization potential and reveal the spatial distribution of fluorite ore bodies and ore-controlling faults based on integrated geophysical and geochemical anomalies.The integrated exploration model is verified to be a powerful tool for prospecting concealed fluorite ore bodies in coverage area.展开更多
This study introduces a new global climate model--the Integrated Climate Model （ICM）--developed for the seasonal prediction of East Asian-western North Pacific （EA-WNP） climate by the Center for Monsoon System Res...This study introduces a new global climate model--the Integrated Climate Model （ICM）--developed for the seasonal prediction of East Asian-western North Pacific （EA-WNP） climate by the Center for Monsoon System Research at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics （CMSR, IAP）, Chinese Academy of Sciences. ICM integrates ECHAM5 and NEMO2.3 as its atmospheric and oceanic components, respectively, using OASIS3 as the coupler. The simulation skill of ICM is evaluated here, including the simulated climatology, interannual variation, and the influence of E1 Nifio as one of the most important factors on EA-WNP climate. ICM successfully reproduces the distribution of sea surface temperature （SST） and precipitation without climate shift, the seasonal cycle of equatorial Pacific SST, and the precipitation and circulation of East Asian summer monsoon. The most prominent biases of ICM are the excessive cold tongue and unrealistic westward phase propagation of equatorial Pacific SST. The main interannual variation of the tropical Pacific SST and EA-WNP climate E1 Nifio and the East Asia-Pacific Pattern--are also well simulated in ICM, with realistic spatial pattern and period. The simulated E1 Nifio has significant impact on EA-WNP climate, as in other models. The assessment shows ICM should be a reliable model for the seasonal prediction of EA-WNP climate.展开更多
This paper explores multiple model adaptive estimation(MMAE) method, and with it, proposes a novel filtering algorithm. The proposed algorithm is an improved Kalman filter— multiple model adaptive estimation unscente...This paper explores multiple model adaptive estimation(MMAE) method, and with it, proposes a novel filtering algorithm. The proposed algorithm is an improved Kalman filter— multiple model adaptive estimation unscented Kalman filter(MMAE-UKF) rather than conventional Kalman filter methods,like the extended Kalman filter(EKF) and the unscented Kalman filter(UKF). UKF is used as a subfilter to obtain the system state estimate in the MMAE method. Single model filter has poor adaptability with uncertain or unknown system parameters,which the improved filtering method can overcome. Meanwhile,this algorithm is used for integrated navigation system of strapdown inertial navigation system(SINS) and celestial navigation system(CNS) by a ballistic missile's motion. The simulation results indicate that the proposed filtering algorithm has better navigation precision, can achieve optimal estimation of system state, and can be more flexible at the cost of increased computational burden.展开更多
The commonly used discretization approaches for distributed hydrological models can be broadly categorized into four types,based on the nature of the discrete components:Regular Mesh,Triangular Irregular Networks(TINs...The commonly used discretization approaches for distributed hydrological models can be broadly categorized into four types,based on the nature of the discrete components:Regular Mesh,Triangular Irregular Networks(TINs),Representative Elementary Watershed(REWs) and Hydrologic Response Units(HRUs).In this paper,a new discretization approach for landforms that have similar hydrologic properties is developed and discussed here for the Integrated Hydrologic Model(IHM),a combining simulation of surface and groundwater processes,accounting for the interaction between the systems.The approach used in the IHM is to disaggregate basin parameters into discrete landforms that have similar hydrologic properties.These landforms may be impervious areas,related areas,areas with high or low clay or organic fractions,areas with significantly different depths-to-water-table,and areas with different types of land cover or different land uses.Incorporating discrete landforms within basins allows significant distributed parameter analysis,but requires an efficient computational structure.The IHM integration represents a new approach interpreting fluxes across the model interface and storages near the interface for transfer to the appropriate model component,accounting for the disparate discretization while rigidly maintaining mass conservation.The discretization approaches employed in IHM will provide some ideas and insights which are helpful to those researchers who have been working on the integrated models for surface-groundwater interaction.展开更多
Outbreaks of hand-foot-mouth disease（HFMD） have occurred many times and caused serious health burden in China since 2008. Application of modern information technology to prediction and early response can be helpful ...Outbreaks of hand-foot-mouth disease（HFMD） have occurred many times and caused serious health burden in China since 2008. Application of modern information technology to prediction and early response can be helpful for efficient HFMD prevention and control. A seasonal auto-regressive integrated moving average（ARIMA） model for time series analysis was designed in this study. Eighty-four-month（from January 2009 to December 2015） retrospective data obtained from the Chinese Information System for Disease Prevention and Control were subjected to ARIMA modeling. The coefficient of determination（R^2）, normalized Bayesian Information Criterion（BIC） and Q-test P value were used to evaluate the goodness-of-fit of constructed models. Subsequently, the best-fitted ARIMA model was applied to predict the expected incidence of HFMD from January 2016 to December 2016. The best-fitted seasonal ARIMA model was identified as（1,0,1）（0,1,1）12, with the largest coefficient of determination（R^2=0.743） and lowest normalized BIC（BIC=3.645） value. The residuals of the model also showed non-significant autocorrelations（P_（Box-Ljung（Q））=0.299）. The predictions by the optimum ARIMA model adequately captured the pattern in the data and exhibited two peaks of activity over the forecast interval, including a major peak during April to June, and again a light peak for September to November. The ARIMA model proposed in this study can forecast HFMD incidence trend effectively, which could provide useful support for future HFMD prevention and control in the study area. Besides, further observations should be added continually into the modeling data set, and parameters of the models should be adjusted accordingly.展开更多
Optical and micro-infrared microscope were used to observe the internal structure and mineral composition of high and low quality Chinese seawater and freshwater cultured pearls.Results clearly reveal that aragonite a...Optical and micro-infrared microscope were used to observe the internal structure and mineral composition of high and low quality Chinese seawater and freshwater cultured pearls.Results clearly reveal that aragonite and calcite are found in seawater cultured pearls,but vaterite is not found.In contrast,vaterite and aragonite are found in freshwater cultured pearls,but calcite is not found.Based on our analysis and observations of the internal structure of high and low quality cultured pearls,a modified integrated model of the internal structure of Chinese cultured pearls was established.Our revisions to the previous model focus on significant differences within the prismatic layer of Chinese cultured pearls.展开更多
Multiple Sclerosis（MS） is a major cause of neurological disability in adults and has an annual cost of approximately $28 billion in the United States. MS is a very complex disorder as demyelination can happen in a v...Multiple Sclerosis（MS） is a major cause of neurological disability in adults and has an annual cost of approximately $28 billion in the United States. MS is a very complex disorder as demyelination can happen in a variety of locations throughout the brain; therefore, this disease is never the same in two patients making it very hard to predict disease progression. A modeling approach which combines clinical, biological and imaging measures to help treat and fight this disorder is needed. In this paper, I will outline MS as a very heterogeneous disorder, review some potential solutions from the literature, demonstrate the need for a biomarker and will discuss how computational modeling combined with biological, clinical and imaging data can help link disparate observations and decipher complex mechanisms whose solutions are not amenable to simple reductionism.展开更多
There has been increasing interests in developing land use models for small urban areas for various planning applications such as air quality conformity analysis. The output of a land use model can serve as a major in...There has been increasing interests in developing land use models for small urban areas for various planning applications such as air quality conformity analysis. The output of a land use model can serve as a major input to a transportation model; conversely, transportation model output can provide a critical input to a land use model. The connection between the two models can be achieved by an accessibility measure. This paper presents an iterative approach to solving a regression-based land use model and a transportation model with combined trip distribution- assignment. A case study using data from a small urban area is presented to illustrate the application of the proposed modeling framework. Tests show that the procedures can converge, and the modeling framework can be a valuable tool for planners and decision-makers in evaluating land use policies and transportation investment strategies.展开更多
Accurate and detailed information of hydrological balance, and its dynamic nature is needed to develop strategies for sustainable use and management of water resources. In this concern, a fully integrated MIKE SHE mod...Accurate and detailed information of hydrological balance, and its dynamic nature is needed to develop strategies for sustainable use and management of water resources. In this concern, a fully integrated MIKE SHE model was developed to study the hydrological balance of the Chirchik River Basin, Uzbekistan. Parameters in the model were calibrated and simulated results were validated for the periods 2009-2011 and 2012-2013 in term of two observed hydrological parameters: streamflow rate and groundwater table. After the successful calibration of the parameters, the model produced quantitative results of the water cycle and provided better understanding of the surface and groundwater interactions. The results show that the hydrological balance is strongly dependent on the intensity of agricultural activity within the basin. An actual evapotranspiration was found as a main water loss element among the water transport components due to large-scale agricultural irrigation activities. This corresponds to 77% of the total water budget as an average. A satisfactory water balance simulation error was obtained after adjusting model parameters to basin environment.展开更多
Elucidating the structure of large biomolecules such as multi-domain proteins or protein complexes is challenging due to their high flexibility in solution. Recently, an ＂integrative structural biology＂ approach has...Elucidating the structure of large biomolecules such as multi-domain proteins or protein complexes is challenging due to their high flexibility in solution. Recently, an ＂integrative structural biology＂ approach has been proposed, which aims to determine the protein structure and characterize protein flexibility by combining complementary high- and lowresolution experimental data using computer simulations. Small-angle x-ray scattering（SAXS） is an efficient technique that can yield low-resolution structural information, including protein size and shape. Here, we review computational methods that integrate SAXS with other experimental datasets for structural modeling. Finally, we provide a case study of determination of the structure of a protein complex formed between the tandem SH3 domains in c-Cb1-associated protein and the proline-rich loop in human vinculin.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6107412761427809)
文摘To realize high accurate control of relative position and attitude between two spacecrafts, the coupling between position and attitude must be fully considered and a more precise model should be established. This paper breaks the traditional divide and conquer idea, and uses a mathematical tool, namely dual quaternion to establish the integrated 6 degree-of-freedom(6-DOF) model of relative position and attitude, which describes the coupled relative motion in a compact and efficient form and needs less information of the target. Considering the complex operation rules and the unclarity of the current relative motion model in dual quaternion, necessary mathematical foundations are given at first, followed by clear and detailed modeling process and analysis. Finally a generalized proportion-derivative(PD) controller law is designed. The simulation results show that based on the integrated model established by dual quaternion, this control law can achieve a high control accuracy of relative motion.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No 2017YFA0204600the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 61404002the Science and Technology Project of Hunan Province under Grant No 2015JC3041
文摘An analytical model for current-voltage behavior of amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O thin-film transistors（a-IGZO TFTs）with dual-gate structures is developed.The unified expressions for synchronous and asynchronous operating modes are derived on the basis of channel charges,which are controlled by gate voltage.It is proven that the threshold voltage of asynchronous dual-gate IGZO TFTs is adjusted in proportion to the ratio of top insulating capacitance to the bottom insulating capacitance（C_（TI）/C_（BI））.Incorporating the proposed model with Verilog-A,a touch-sensing circuit using dual-gate structure is investigated by SPICE simulations.Comparison shows that the touch sensitivity is increased by the dual-gate IGZO TFT structure.
文摘Objective:To explore the connotation of the integrated medical-care-rehabilitation nursing model and its application effect in elderly patients with chronic diseases.Methods:A total of 122 elderly patients with chronic diseases admitted to our hospital from January 2023 to June 2023 were selected and randomly divided into an observation group(62 cases)and a control group(60 cases).Both groups received routine nursing during hospitalization.After discharge,the control group received conventional continuous nursing,while the observation group was given the integrated medical-care-rehabilitation nursing model.The psychological status of the elderly patients in the two groups was compared before nursing and 6 months after nursing.Assessments were made on their clinical symptoms of mental health,self-care ability,health behaviors,and mastery of knowledge about elderly chronic diseases.Results:Six months after nursing,the scores of self-rated clinical symptoms of mental health and negative coping in both groups were lower than those before nursing(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the scores of negative coping,self-care ability,and health behaviors in both groups were higher than those before nursing(P<0.05).Conclusion:The integrated medical-care-rehabilitation nursing model can not only improve the nursing quality for elderly patients with chronic diseases but also foster their positive mentality,help them understand knowledge about diet and health care related to chronic diseases,enhance their self-care ability and health awareness,and assist them in achieving better recovery[1].
文摘This article describes the integrated modeling approach for planning the size and the operation of constructed wetlands for maximizing retention of nonpoint source pollutant loads and reservoir water-quality improvement at a catchment scale. The experimental field-scale wetland systems （four sets, 0.88 ha each） have been in operation since 2002, where water depth was maintained at 30-50 cm and hydraulic loading rate was at 6.3-18.8 cm/day. The wetland system was found to be adequate for treating polluted stream water with stable removal efficiency even during the winter. The integrated modeling system （modified-BASINS） was applied to the Seokmoon estuarine reservoir watershed and calibrated with monitoring data from constructed wetland, stream, and reservoir. The calibrated integrated modeling system estimated that constructing wetlands on 0.5% （about 114 ha） of the watershed area at the mouth of reservoir could reduce 11.61% and 13.49% of total external nitrogen and phosphorus loads, respectively. It also might improve the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of the reservoir by 9.69% and 16.48%, respectively. The study suggested that about 0.1%-1.0% of the watershed area should be allocated for constructed wetland to meet specified water-quality standards for the estuarine reservoir at the polder area where land use planning is relatively less complicated.
文摘The research on water masses is always one important facet of Oceanography. I adopt the method of Fuzzy Density Clustering to analyse water masses. Meanwhile, I use Visual Basic 6.0 as developing platform and utilize the MapX components to develop the platform of GIS. By integrating the Water Masses Model compiled by FORTRAN language, and GIS using Tight Coupling, I develop an Integrated System. That makes all phases are finished in one condition, including the gain of computing grid, the pick-up and analysis of data, the choice of parameters and resetting, the computing of model, and the result＇s visualization. It improves the efficiency of the data analysis and decision-making Finally, this system is applied in the Zhoushan fishing ground and adjacent region. The results are satisfying.
基金Project supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Program of China (Grants Nos.2019YFE03040002 and 2018YFE0301101)the Talent Project of China National Nuclear Corporation,China (Grant No.2022JZYF-01)。
文摘The hybrid scenario,which has good confinement and moderate MHD instabilities,is a proposed operation scenario for international thermonuclear experimental reactor(ITER).In this work,the effect of plasma rotation on the HL-3 hybrid scenario is analyzed with the integrated modeling framework OMFIT.The results show that toroidal rotation has no obvious effect on confinement with a high line averaged density of n_(bar)~(7)×10^(19)m^(-3).In this case,the ion temperature only changes from 4.7 keV to 4.4 keV with the rotation decreasing from 10^(5) rad/s to 10^(3) rad/s,which means that the turbulent heat transport is not dominant.While in the scenarios characterized by lower densities,such as n_(bar)~4×10^(19)m^(-3),turbulent transport becomes dominant in determining heat transport.The ion temperature rises from 3.8 keV to 6.1 keV in the core as the rotation velocity increases from 10^(3) rad/s to 10^(5) rad/s.Despite the ion temperature rising,the rotation velocity does not obviously affect electron temperature or density.Additionally,it is noteworthy that the variation in rotation velocity does not significantly affect the global confinement of plasma in scenarios with low density or with high density.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61074154)
文摘The grey system theory, with the characteristics of fewer modeling data and higher accuracy, was employed to model the batch dyeing process for the purpose of accurate online control. The GM（1, 1） and GM （0, N） models of the grey system theory were discussed for their feasibilities of modding for batch dyeing process. The combination of direct dyestuff Fast Red F3B on cotton was chosen as a representative of the common dyeing method for describing the modeling process. Firstly, the GM（ 1, 1 ） model and the GM（1, 1） combined with GM（0, N） model were employed to model the equilibrium percentage of dyeing uptake rate. Secondly, an integrated dyeing uptake rate model with three factors （ temperature, salt concentration, and pH） was established based on the adsorption rate equation. Experimental results show that this model has higher accuracy and beetler generalization ability, which can predict the results of batch dyeing process. Due to the application of grey system theory, the model has a lot of advantages, such as being easy to determine the parameter value and small amount of calculation. So it can also be suitable for the same type of combination of dyestuff-fahric by changing the parameters value only.
文摘Hydropower gains increasing importance as a steerable and controllable power source in a renewable energy mix and deregulated markets. Although hydropower produces fossil-free energy, it has a significant impact on the local environment. This review investigates the effects of flow alterations by hydropower on the downstream river system and the possibilities to integrate these effects into hydraulic modeling. The results show that various effects of flow regulation on the ecosystem, but also social and economic effects on related communities were observed in the last decades. The application of hydraulic models for investigations of ecological effects is common. Especially hydraulic effects and effects on fish were extensively modeled with the help of hydraulic 1D- and 2D-simulations. Current applications to investigate social and economic effects integrated into hydraulic modeling are meanwhile limited. Approaches to realizing this integration are presented. Further research on the economic valuation of ecosystems and integration of social and economic effects to hydraulic models is necessary to develop holistic tools to support decision-making on sustainable hydropower.
基金supported by the Project of the 12th Five-year National Sci-Tech Support Plan of China(2011BAK12B09)China Special Project of Basic Work of Science and Technology(2011FY110100-2)
文摘Bailongjiang watershed in southern Gansu province, China, is one of the most landslide-prone regions in China, characterized by very high frequency of landslide occurrence. In order to predict the landslide occurrence, a comprehensive map of landslide susceptibility is required which may be significantly helpful in reducing loss of property and human life. In this study, an integrated model of information value method and logistic regression is proposed by using their merits at maximum and overcoming their weaknesses, which may enhance precision and accuracy of landslide susceptibility assessment. A detailed and reliable landslide inventory with 1587 landslides was prepared and randomly divided into two groups,(i) training dataset and(ii) testing dataset. Eight distinct landslide conditioning factors including lithology, slope gradient, aspect, elevation, distance to drainages,distance to faults, distance to roads and vegetation coverage were selected for landslide susceptibility mapping. The produced landslide susceptibility maps were validated by the success rate and prediction rate curves. The validation results show that the success rate and the prediction rate of the integrated model are 81.7 % and 84.6 %, respectively, which indicate that the proposed integrated method is reliable to produce an accurate landslide susceptibility map and the results may be used for landslides management and mitigation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC0214102)。
文摘The source apportionment of PM2.5 is essential for pollution prevention.In view of the weaknesses of individual models,we proposed an integrated chemical mass balancesource emission inventory(CMB-SEI)model to acquire more accurate results.First,the SEI of secondary component precursors(SO2,NOx,NH3,and VOCs)was compiled to acquire the emission ratios of these sources for the precursors.Then,a regular CMB simulation was executed to obtain the contributions of primary particle sources and secondary components(SO4^2-,NO3^-3,NH4^+,and SOC).Afterwards,the contributions of secondary components were apportioned into primary sources according to the source emission ratios.The final source apportionment results combined the contributions of primary sources by CMB and SEI.This integrated approach was carried out via a case study of three coastal cities(Zhoushan,Taizhou,and Wenzhou;abbreviated WZ,TZ,and ZS)in Zhejiang Province,China.The regular CMB simulation results showed that PM2.5 pollution was mainly affected by secondary components and mobile sources.The SEI results indicated that electricity,industrial production and mobile sources were the largest contributors to the emission of PM2.5 gaseous precursors.The simulation results of the CMB-SEI model showed that PM2.5 pollution in the coastal areas of Zhejiang Province presented complex pollution characteristics dominated by mobile sources,electricity production sources and industrial production sources.Compared to the results of the CMB and SEI models alone,the CMB-SEI model completely apportioned PM2.5 to primary sources and simultaneously made the results more accurate and reliable in accordance with local industrial characteristics.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2652019191)China Geological Survey(No.1212011120187)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41502347)。
文摘The demand for fluorite resource is increasing rapidly as most fluorite deposits on Earth’s surface have been exhausted.The newly discovered fluorite deposits in Inner Mongolia are hosted by Permian metamorphosed sandy slate,intermediate-acid intrusive rocks and Cretaceous volcanic sedimentary rocks.The ore bodies are strictly controlled by faults and buried by cover rocks.The feasibility and effectiveness of multi-techniques for prospecting concealed fluorite ore bodies are evaluated,and 10 anomalies are delineated.On the basis of geological features and effectiveness of different methods,the optimum combinations of ore prospecting techniques are proposed for the exploration of zonal type and burial type concealed fluorite ore bodies.Based on comprehensive researches,an integrated exploration model is proposed:(i)select key prospecting targets based on geological backgrounds,regional geochemical anomalies of F and Ca,and remote sensing images;(ii)identify the spatial distribution of low resistivity anomaly and ore-controlling structure from geophysical survey;(iii)evaluate the mineralization potential in fault zone based on F and Ca anomalies in key sections selected from low resistivity anomaly zones;and(iv)evaluate the mineralization potential and reveal the spatial distribution of fluorite ore bodies and ore-controlling faults based on integrated geophysical and geochemical anomalies.The integrated exploration model is verified to be a powerful tool for prospecting concealed fluorite ore bodies in coverage area.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos.2012CB955604 and 2014CB953903)the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (Grant No.41375112)
文摘This study introduces a new global climate model--the Integrated Climate Model （ICM）--developed for the seasonal prediction of East Asian-western North Pacific （EA-WNP） climate by the Center for Monsoon System Research at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics （CMSR, IAP）, Chinese Academy of Sciences. ICM integrates ECHAM5 and NEMO2.3 as its atmospheric and oceanic components, respectively, using OASIS3 as the coupler. The simulation skill of ICM is evaluated here, including the simulated climatology, interannual variation, and the influence of E1 Nifio as one of the most important factors on EA-WNP climate. ICM successfully reproduces the distribution of sea surface temperature （SST） and precipitation without climate shift, the seasonal cycle of equatorial Pacific SST, and the precipitation and circulation of East Asian summer monsoon. The most prominent biases of ICM are the excessive cold tongue and unrealistic westward phase propagation of equatorial Pacific SST. The main interannual variation of the tropical Pacific SST and EA-WNP climate E1 Nifio and the East Asia-Pacific Pattern--are also well simulated in ICM, with realistic spatial pattern and period. The simulated E1 Nifio has significant impact on EA-WNP climate, as in other models. The assessment shows ICM should be a reliable model for the seasonal prediction of EA-WNP climate.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973Program)(2014CB744206)
文摘This paper explores multiple model adaptive estimation(MMAE) method, and with it, proposes a novel filtering algorithm. The proposed algorithm is an improved Kalman filter— multiple model adaptive estimation unscented Kalman filter(MMAE-UKF) rather than conventional Kalman filter methods,like the extended Kalman filter(EKF) and the unscented Kalman filter(UKF). UKF is used as a subfilter to obtain the system state estimate in the MMAE method. Single model filter has poor adaptability with uncertain or unknown system parameters,which the improved filtering method can overcome. Meanwhile,this algorithm is used for integrated navigation system of strapdown inertial navigation system(SINS) and celestial navigation system(CNS) by a ballistic missile's motion. The simulation results indicate that the proposed filtering algorithm has better navigation precision, can achieve optimal estimation of system state, and can be more flexible at the cost of increased computational burden.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40901026)Beijing Municipal Science & Technology New Star Project Funds(No.2010B046)+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.8123041)Southwest Florida Water Management District(SFWMD) Project
文摘The commonly used discretization approaches for distributed hydrological models can be broadly categorized into four types,based on the nature of the discrete components:Regular Mesh,Triangular Irregular Networks(TINs),Representative Elementary Watershed(REWs) and Hydrologic Response Units(HRUs).In this paper,a new discretization approach for landforms that have similar hydrologic properties is developed and discussed here for the Integrated Hydrologic Model(IHM),a combining simulation of surface and groundwater processes,accounting for the interaction between the systems.The approach used in the IHM is to disaggregate basin parameters into discrete landforms that have similar hydrologic properties.These landforms may be impervious areas,related areas,areas with high or low clay or organic fractions,areas with significantly different depths-to-water-table,and areas with different types of land cover or different land uses.Incorporating discrete landforms within basins allows significant distributed parameter analysis,but requires an efficient computational structure.The IHM integration represents a new approach interpreting fluxes across the model interface and storages near the interface for transfer to the appropriate model component,accounting for the disparate discretization while rigidly maintaining mass conservation.The discretization approaches employed in IHM will provide some ideas and insights which are helpful to those researchers who have been working on the integrated models for surface-groundwater interaction.
基金financially supported by the Health and Family Planning Commission of Hubei Province(No.WJ2017F047)the Health and Family Planning Commission of Wuhan(No.WG17D05)
文摘Outbreaks of hand-foot-mouth disease（HFMD） have occurred many times and caused serious health burden in China since 2008. Application of modern information technology to prediction and early response can be helpful for efficient HFMD prevention and control. A seasonal auto-regressive integrated moving average（ARIMA） model for time series analysis was designed in this study. Eighty-four-month（from January 2009 to December 2015） retrospective data obtained from the Chinese Information System for Disease Prevention and Control were subjected to ARIMA modeling. The coefficient of determination（R^2）, normalized Bayesian Information Criterion（BIC） and Q-test P value were used to evaluate the goodness-of-fit of constructed models. Subsequently, the best-fitted ARIMA model was applied to predict the expected incidence of HFMD from January 2016 to December 2016. The best-fitted seasonal ARIMA model was identified as（1,0,1）（0,1,1）12, with the largest coefficient of determination（R^2=0.743） and lowest normalized BIC（BIC=3.645） value. The residuals of the model also showed non-significant autocorrelations（P_（Box-Ljung（Q））=0.299）. The predictions by the optimum ARIMA model adequately captured the pattern in the data and exhibited two peaks of activity over the forecast interval, including a major peak during April to June, and again a light peak for September to November. The ARIMA model proposed in this study can forecast HFMD incidence trend effectively, which could provide useful support for future HFMD prevention and control in the study area. Besides, further observations should be added continually into the modeling data set, and parameters of the models should be adjusted accordingly.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20966002)
文摘Optical and micro-infrared microscope were used to observe the internal structure and mineral composition of high and low quality Chinese seawater and freshwater cultured pearls.Results clearly reveal that aragonite and calcite are found in seawater cultured pearls,but vaterite is not found.In contrast,vaterite and aragonite are found in freshwater cultured pearls,but calcite is not found.Based on our analysis and observations of the internal structure of high and low quality cultured pearls,a modified integrated model of the internal structure of Chinese cultured pearls was established.Our revisions to the previous model focus on significant differences within the prismatic layer of Chinese cultured pearls.
文摘Multiple Sclerosis（MS） is a major cause of neurological disability in adults and has an annual cost of approximately $28 billion in the United States. MS is a very complex disorder as demyelination can happen in a variety of locations throughout the brain; therefore, this disease is never the same in two patients making it very hard to predict disease progression. A modeling approach which combines clinical, biological and imaging measures to help treat and fight this disorder is needed. In this paper, I will outline MS as a very heterogeneous disorder, review some potential solutions from the literature, demonstrate the need for a biomarker and will discuss how computational modeling combined with biological, clinical and imaging data can help link disparate observations and decipher complex mechanisms whose solutions are not amenable to simple reductionism.
文摘There has been increasing interests in developing land use models for small urban areas for various planning applications such as air quality conformity analysis. The output of a land use model can serve as a major input to a transportation model; conversely, transportation model output can provide a critical input to a land use model. The connection between the two models can be achieved by an accessibility measure. This paper presents an iterative approach to solving a regression-based land use model and a transportation model with combined trip distribution- assignment. A case study using data from a small urban area is presented to illustrate the application of the proposed modeling framework. Tests show that the procedures can converge, and the modeling framework can be a valuable tool for planners and decision-makers in evaluating land use policies and transportation investment strategies.
文摘Accurate and detailed information of hydrological balance, and its dynamic nature is needed to develop strategies for sustainable use and management of water resources. In this concern, a fully integrated MIKE SHE model was developed to study the hydrological balance of the Chirchik River Basin, Uzbekistan. Parameters in the model were calibrated and simulated results were validated for the periods 2009-2011 and 2012-2013 in term of two observed hydrological parameters: streamflow rate and groundwater table. After the successful calibration of the parameters, the model produced quantitative results of the water cycle and provided better understanding of the surface and groundwater interactions. The results show that the hydrological balance is strongly dependent on the intensity of agricultural activity within the basin. An actual evapotranspiration was found as a main water loss element among the water transport components due to large-scale agricultural irrigation activities. This corresponds to 77% of the total water budget as an average. A satisfactory water balance simulation error was obtained after adjusting model parameters to basin environment.
基金Project supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2013CB910203 and 2011CB911104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31270760)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB08030102)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Grant No.20113402120013)
文摘Elucidating the structure of large biomolecules such as multi-domain proteins or protein complexes is challenging due to their high flexibility in solution. Recently, an ＂integrative structural biology＂ approach has been proposed, which aims to determine the protein structure and characterize protein flexibility by combining complementary high- and lowresolution experimental data using computer simulations. Small-angle x-ray scattering（SAXS） is an efficient technique that can yield low-resolution structural information, including protein size and shape. Here, we review computational methods that integrate SAXS with other experimental datasets for structural modeling. Finally, we provide a case study of determination of the structure of a protein complex formed between the tandem SH3 domains in c-Cb1-associated protein and the proline-rich loop in human vinculin.
