Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) has garnered significant attention as apivotal technology for converting surplus electricity into hydrogen for long-term storage, as well asfor providing high-purity...Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) has garnered significant attention as apivotal technology for converting surplus electricity into hydrogen for long-term storage, as well asfor providing high-purity hydrogen for aerospace and high-end manufacturing applications. Withthe ongoing commercialization of PEMWE, advancing iridium-based oxygen evolution reaction(OER) catalysts remains imperative to reconcile stringent requirements for high activity, extendedlongevity, and minimized noble metal loading. The review provides a systematic analysis of theintegrated design of iridium-based catalysts in PEMWE, starting from the fundamentals of OER,including the operation environment of OER catalysts, catalytic performance evaluation withinPEMWE, as well as catalytic and dissolution mechanisms. Subsequently, the catalyst classificationand preparation/characterization techniques are summarized with the focus on the dynamic structure-property relationship. Guided by these understandings, an overview of the design strategiesfor performance enhancement is presented. Specifically, we construct a mathematical frameworkfor cost-performance optimization to offer quantitative guidance for catalyst design. Finally, futureperspectives are proposed, aiming to establish a theoretical framework for rational catalyst design.展开更多
In the design process of advanced aero-engines,it is necessary to carry out an effective analysis method between structural features and mechanical characteristics for a better structural optimization.Based on the str...In the design process of advanced aero-engines,it is necessary to carry out an effective analysis method between structural features and mechanical characteristics for a better structural optimization.Based on the structural composition and functions of aero-engines,the concept and contents of structural efficiency can reflect the relation between structural features and mechanical characteristics.In order to achieve the integrated design of structural and mechanical characteristics,one quantitative analysis method called Structural Efficiency Assessment Method(SEAM)was put forward.The structural efficiency coefficient was obtained by synthesizing the parameters to quantitatively evaluate the aero-engine structure design level.Parameterization method to evaluate structural design quality was realized.After analyzing the structural features of an actual dual-rotor system in typical high bypass ratio turbofan engines,the mechanical characteristics and structural efficiency coefficient were calculated.Structural efficiency coefficient of high-pressure rotor(0.43)is higher than that of low-pressure rotor(0.29),which directly shows the performance of the former is better,there is room for improvement in structural design of the low-pressure rotor.Thus the direction of structural optimization was pointed out.The applications of SEAM shows that the method is operational and effective in the evaluation and improvement of structural design.展开更多
The inner rotors of distributed propulsion tilt-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)are often folded in the cruising state and deployed in vertical take-off and landing to cope with the huge difference in thrust requir...The inner rotors of distributed propulsion tilt-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)are often folded in the cruising state and deployed in vertical take-off and landing to cope with the huge difference in thrust requirements.However,the blades of the conventional rotor have poor conformality with the nacelle profile,which will greatly increase the drag of the UAV after folding.This paper proposes an integrated method for the design of rotor and nacelle considering geometric compatibility to reduce the drag of the folded rotor and nacelle,so as to further improve the aerodynamic efficiency in cruise while ensuring the rotor efficiency in the vertical flight mode.A geometric mapping model based on nacelle design parameters and rotor design parameters is established,and a parametric model and aerodynamic optimization model of the outer arc airfoil family are developed.In addition,a rotor performance analysis model and a neural network response surface model for nacelle drag prediction that meet the requirements of confidence level are established.Based on the oblique inflow blade element momentum theory method,numerical simulation method,and genetic algorithm,an integrated optimization framework of the design of the conformal rotor and nacelle is built.Then,a geometrically compatible integrated optimization for the rotor and nacelle is carried out with the objective of maximizing energy efficiency in the full mission profile.Finally,a conformal rotor and nacelle design solution is obtained,which satisfies geometric compatibility and thrust constraints while providing high thrust efficiency and low cruising drag.A comparison of the results of the integrated design and the conventional rotor optimization design shows that the drag of the conventional rotor is 3.45 times that of the conformal integrated design in the cruising state,which proves the effectiveness and necessity of the proposed method.展开更多
This paper creates 3D solid model and assembly of U RJ 92-6 oil tank and analyses its strength by integrated CAD/CAE/CAM software I-D EAS. Through integrated simulation in computer, design efficiency and quality of oi...This paper creates 3D solid model and assembly of U RJ 92-6 oil tank and analyses its strength by integrated CAD/CAE/CAM software I-D EAS. Through integrated simulation in computer, design efficiency and quality of oil tank is greatly improved. Adopting integrated CAD/CAE/CAM software to carry out integrated research to equ ipment and products, we will be able to take overall analysis in aspects of 3-D solid modeling, pre-assembly and strength, etc., to realize non-paper designi ng and parallel designing. Problems can be found and settled during designing, w hich will increase designing efficiency and one-time success rate and realize o ptimum designing for products.展开更多
The Next Generation Subsea Production System(NextGen SPS)is an innovative concept for petroleum development in ultra-deep water areas,mainly consisting of artificial seabed(AS),rigid ris-ers,flexible jumpers and moori...The Next Generation Subsea Production System(NextGen SPS)is an innovative concept for petroleum development in ultra-deep water areas,mainly consisting of artificial seabed(AS),rigid ris-ers,flexible jumpers and mooring lines.To improve the overall performance and design efficiency of NextGen SPS,an integrated design approach for the NextGen SPS based on multidisciplinary design optimization(MDO)method was investigated in this paper by combing the multidisciplinary feasible(MDF)architecture and particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm to establish the design frame-work.Two sub-disciplines of hydrodynamic analysis and global performance analysis were defined,and analysis method in each sub-discipline was introduced.Surrogate models of hydrodynamic analy-sis and global performance analysis were developed by using Latin hypercube sampling method and back propagation neural network(BPNN).Surrogate models were incorporated into the design frame-work,through which an integrated design for NextGen SPS at a depth of 3000 m was implemented.It is concluded that both the overall performance and the design efficiency of NextGen SPS are improved.展开更多
This study integrated instrumental and relational approaches to the teaching and learning of solids in a preservice teacher＇s class. The researcher guided the preservice teachers to gather various prisms, pyramids, a...This study integrated instrumental and relational approaches to the teaching and learning of solids in a preservice teacher＇s class. The researcher guided the preservice teachers to gather various prisms, pyramids, and spheres to study the total surface areas and volumes. At the end of the integrated models, the test scores showed closed relationships in the concurrent instructional strategies of the integrated models. The researcher therefore, recommended the design models for the teaching and learning of solids in mathematics.展开更多
Bio-inspired soft robots have already shown the ability to handle uncertainty and adapt to unstructured environments.However,their availability is partially restricted by time-consuming,costly,and highly supervised de...Bio-inspired soft robots have already shown the ability to handle uncertainty and adapt to unstructured environments.However,their availability is partially restricted by time-consuming,costly,and highly supervised design-fabrication processes,often based on resource-intensive iterative workflows.Here,we propose an integrated approach targeting the design and fabrication of pneumatic soft actuators in a single casting step.Molds and sacrificial water-soluble hollow cores are printed using fused filament fabrication.A heated water circuit accelerates the dissolution of the core’s material and guarantees its complete removal from the actuator walls,while the actuator’s mechanical operability is defined through finite element analysis.This enables the fabrication of actuators with non-uniform cross-sections under minimal supervision,thereby reducing the number of iterations necessary during the design and fabrication processes.Three actuators capable of bending and linear motion were designed,fabricated,integrated,and demonstrated as 3 different bio-inspired soft robots,an earthworm-inspired robot,a 4-legged robot,and a robotic gripper.We demonstrate the availability,versatility,and effectiveness of the proposed methods,contributing to accelerating the design and fabrication of soft robots.This study represents a step toward increasing the accessibility of soft robots to people at a lower cost.展开更多
For its outstanding aerodynamic capabilities,the integrated design of the waverider and inlet is widely accepted in hypersonic aircraft.Three aspects of the integrated design of the waverider and inlet since 2020 are ...For its outstanding aerodynamic capabilities,the integrated design of the waverider and inlet is widely accepted in hypersonic aircraft.Three aspects of the integrated design of the waverider and inlet since 2020 are mainly described in this paper.Firstly,the advantages and shortcomings of the conventional integrated design are examined.Then,different layouts of integrated design are proposed,and the aerodynamic perfor-mance optimization methods of the waverider,inlet,and their coupling are introduced.Besides,a series of methods for increasing the calculating accuracy of the waverider and inlet are presented,and the focus of attention is to consider the lateral flow problem.展开更多
The overall teaching design for the junior middle school English unit aims to maximize the use of teaching resources by using the unit as the central theme,integrating it throughout all sections and related activities...The overall teaching design for the junior middle school English unit aims to maximize the use of teaching resources by using the unit as the central theme,integrating it throughout all sections and related activities.This approach continually reinforces students’understanding and retention of individual lesson content while fostering their core literacy and skills.It promotes a comprehensive development of students’listening,speaking,reading,and writing skills,allowing them to engage repeatedly with the language materials until they internalize them as part of their language proficiency.展开更多
In order to achieve holistic urban plans incorporating transport infrastructure,public space and the behavior of people in these spaces,integration of urban design and computer modeling is a promising way to provide b...In order to achieve holistic urban plans incorporating transport infrastructure,public space and the behavior of people in these spaces,integration of urban design and computer modeling is a promising way to provide both qualitative and quantitative support to decisionmakers.This paper describes a systematic literature review following a four-part framework.Firstly,to understand the relationship of elements of transport,spaces,and humans,w e review policy and urban design strategies for promoting positive interactions.Secondly,we present an overview of the integration methods and strategies used in urban design and policy discourses.Afterward,metrics and approaches for evaluating the effectiveness of integrated plan alternatives are reviewed.Finally,this paper gives a review of state-of-the-art tools with a focus on seven com puter simulation paradigms.This article explores mechanisms underlying the complex system of transport,spaces,and humans from a multidisciplinary perspective to provide an integrated toolkit for designers,planners,modelers and decision-m akers with the current methods and their challenges.展开更多
According to the operational characteristics of the logistics networks for the third party logistics supplier （3PLS）, the forward and reverse logistics networks together for 3PLS under the uncertain environment are ...According to the operational characteristics of the logistics networks for the third party logistics supplier （3PLS）, the forward and reverse logistics networks together for 3PLS under the uncertain environment are designed. First, a fuzzy model is proposed by taking multiple customers, multiple commodities, capacitated facility location and integrated logistics facility layout into account. In the model, the fuzzy customer demands and transportation rates are illustrated by triangular fuzzy numbers. Secondly, the fuzzy model is converted into a crisp model by applying fuzzy chance constrained theory and possibility theory, and one hybrid genetic algorithm is designed for the crisp model. Finally, two different examples are designed to illustrate that the model and solution discussed are valid.展开更多
Design is a goal-oriented planning activity for creating products,processes,and systems with desired functions through specifications.It is a decision-making exploration:the design outcome may vary greatly depending o...Design is a goal-oriented planning activity for creating products,processes,and systems with desired functions through specifications.It is a decision-making exploration:the design outcome may vary greatly depending on the designer’s knowledge and philosophy.Integrated design is one type of design philosophy that takes an interdisciplinary and holistic approach.In civil engineering,structural design is such an activity for creating buildings and infrastructures.Recently,structural design in many countries has emphasized a performance-based philosophy that simultaneously considers a structure’s safety,durability,serviceability,and sustainability.Consequently,integrated design in civil engineering has become more popular,useful,and important.Material-oriented integrated design and construction of structures(MIDCS)combine materials engineering and structural engineering in the design stage:it fully utilizes the strengths of materials by selecting the most suitable structural forms and construction methodologies.This paper will explore real-world examples of MIDCS,including the realization of MIDCS in timber seismic-resistant structures,masonry arch structures,long-span steel bridges,prefabricated/on-site extruded light-weight steel structures,fiber-reinforced cementitious composites structures,and fiber-reinforced polymer bridge decks.Additionally,advanced material design methods such as bioinspired design and structure construction technology of additive manufacturing are briefly reviewed and discussed to demonstrate how MIDCS can combine materials and structures.A unified strengthdurability design theory is also introduced,which is a human-centric,interdisciplinary,and holistic approach to the description and development of any civil infrastructure and includes all processes directly involved in the life cycle of the infrastructure.Finally,this paper lays out future research directions for further development in the field.展开更多
The research on scroll profiles theory at present mainly is aiming at the single profile and its amelioration or parameter optimization,not aiming at the natural characteristic of the profiles equation of scroll profi...The research on scroll profiles theory at present mainly is aiming at the single profile and its amelioration or parameter optimization,not aiming at the natural characteristic of the profiles equation of scroll profiles itself.Thus,the intrinsic differential equation bearing on arc-length and tangent direction angle was studied.Using the inherent differential equation and general functional theory,the conversion ideas between the expression of intrinsic differential equation and the expression in Cartesian coordinate was studied,and the condition of involutes characteristic was presented.The detailed analysis of four typical scroll profiles was given.According to the four typical scroll profiles and based on the method of Taylor series,the unified formation of general functional integration scroll profiles was established,which perfected general theory of scroll profiles increasingly.The envelope method to seek conjugation engagement profiles was studied.The unified general functional equation of scroll profiles represented the admissible function scrolls and the conjugation engagement characteristic of which was studied.The engagement condition of conjugation scroll profiles and the expression in Cartesian coordinate of conjugation scroll profiles of general functional integration scroll profiles were educed.Therefore,the restriction of inherent characteristics of single scroll profiles model is broken through.Solid modeling and machine tool path simulation can bridge the gap between design and manufacture which is essential for the design and manufacture of scroll compressors.With this method a perfect solid model can be achieved,which leads to an optimal design in terms of quality,delivery time and cost.The presentation of unified formation of general functional integration scroll profiles represents foundation factor of instinct characteristics of scroll profiles,which widens the design method of scroll compressor for automobile air conditioning.展开更多
In order to shorten aero-engine axial length,substituting the traditional long chord thick strut design accompanied with the traditional low pressure(LP) stage nozzle,LP turbine is integrated with intermediate turbine...In order to shorten aero-engine axial length,substituting the traditional long chord thick strut design accompanied with the traditional low pressure(LP) stage nozzle,LP turbine is integrated with intermediate turbine duct(ITD).In the current paper,five vanes of the first stage LP turbine nozzle is replaced with loaded struts for supporting the engine shaft,and providing oil pipes circumferentially which fulfilled the areo-engine structure requirement.However,their bulky geometric size represents a more effective obstacle to flow from high pressure(HP) turbine rotor.These five struts give obvious influence for not only the LP turbine nozzle but also the flowfield within the ITD,and hence cause higher loss.Numerical investigation has been undertaken to observe the influence of the Nozzle-Strut integrated design concept on the flowfield within the ITD and the nearby nozzle blades.According to the computational results,three main conclusions are finally obtained.Firstly,a noticeable low speed area is formed near the strut's leading edge,which is no doubt caused by the potential flow effects.Secondly,more severe radial migration of boundary layer flow adjacent to the strut's pressure side have been found near the nozzle's trailing edge.Such boundary layer migration is obvious,especially close to the shroud domain.Meanwhile,radial pressure gradient aggravates this phenomenon.Thirdly,velocity distribution along the strut's pressure side on nozzle's suction surface differs,which means loading variation of the nozzle.And it will no doubt cause nonuniform flowfield faced by the downstream rotor blade.展开更多
Hypersonic vehicles(HSVs)exhibit significant advantages over other vehicles,including the wide range of velocity and large airspace types,and these features have contributed to the rapid development of HSVs in the las...Hypersonic vehicles(HSVs)exhibit significant advantages over other vehicles,including the wide range of velocity and large airspace types,and these features have contributed to the rapid development of HSVs in the last 20 years.Moreover,hypersonic technologies have become a multidisciplinary research topic in the fields of aerodynamics,propulsion,structure,material,and control.Different types of re-entry gliding,air-breathing cruise,and aerospace vehicles have been designed to realize ambitious tasks,which in turn influenced the technological advancements and process change in the military.This paper summarizes the control-oriented integrated design of HSVs.First,the status of current research on the distinct characteristics and technique issues of HSVs is introduced.Then,the progresses made on complex modeling,guidance and control,and trajectory optimization are elaborated to exhibit the significant research interest in hypersonic technologies.The control-integrated design of HSVs is emphasized to solve the multidisciplinary design problems associated with the model and its control and trajectory.Various strategies regarding the multidisciplinary optimization design are also proposed to solve the integrated design problem.Finally,suggestions are provided for the control-oriented integrated design of HSVs.展开更多
The connotations and denotations of the term net-zero-energy solar buildings(NZESBs)have been in constant flux because of continuous developments in solar heating technology,solar photovoltaic(PV)technology,building e...The connotations and denotations of the term net-zero-energy solar buildings(NZESBs)have been in constant flux because of continuous developments in solar heating technology,solar photovoltaic(PV)technology,building energy-storage technology,regional energy-storage technology,and energy-management systems.This paper focuses on innovative strategies for implementing NZESBs in Nanjing,China.These strategies include integrated architectural design,including passive solar design(respecting climatic characteristics and conducting integrated planning based on the environment,building orientation,distance between buildings,build-ing shape,ratio of window area to wall area,and building envelope)and active solar design(integration of the solar-energy-collecting end of the system–collectors and PV panels–with the building surface–roof,wall surfaces,balconies,and sun-shading devices–and the integration of solar-energy transfer and storage equip-ment with the building).Some Nanjing-specific recommendations and findings on NZESBs are proposed.The results illustrate that NZESBs can be realized in Nanjing if solar energy technologies are appropriately integrated with the character-istics of Nanjing’s geography,climate and buildings.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to contribute methodologically, through a systematic study of the application of different optimization techniques to design integrated distillation columns in binary, for it established o...The purpose of this study is to contribute methodologically, through a systematic study of the application of different optimization techniques to design integrated distillation columns in binary, for it established one optimization technique, deterministic, was optimized distillation column at steady state. For this part was used tabu search to solve the type binary problem. For each choice of the search whole continuous variables were optimized with the deterministic method for process design perturbation is applied to the molar fraction of the feed. It develops and implements the mathematical algorithm solving the problem, then validation of the methodology proposed dynamic simulation of the system is compared with and without control, with both traditional and integrated approaches.展开更多
This paper presents design considerations for an integrated design of solar commu-nities highlighting the interactive nature of various design parameters to improve the energy performance of these neighborhoods.These ...This paper presents design considerations for an integrated design of solar commu-nities highlighting the interactive nature of various design parameters to improve the energy performance of these neighborhoods.These considerations are illus-trated through practical design examples of different neighborhood scenarios and individual buildings,based on extensive studies and analysis of energy performance of a wide spectrum of buildings and neighborhoods.The examples fall under two general categories-design at the neighborhood level,and design at the individ-ual building level.Neighborhood design is illustrated by examples of homogeneous residential neighborhoods consisting of 2-storied housing units and of a mixed-rise neighborhood.Design of individual buildings focuses primarily on design of the envelope-consisting of roof and façades-for maximizing energy generation poten-tial,as a function of height and relative position to adjacent buildings.In addition to examples of application of the design considerations,the paper outlines the process of design of solar communities and the role of simulations in the design process.展开更多
This paper discusses the application of Integrated Design Process for the design of low-cost housing in Chile.It aims to question common practice for the development of housing based on prescriptive regulations and no...This paper discusses the application of Integrated Design Process for the design of low-cost housing in Chile.It aims to question common practice for the development of housing based on prescriptive regulations and non-interdisciplinary work,which has resulted in poor quality building requirements.The first stage consisted in defining performance requirements for aspects such as energy demand,U value,air tightness and indoor air quality for a specific case of low-cost houses located in the city of Temuco.An integrated design process was carried out by an interdisciplinary team of professionals specialized in each of the performance aspects that were taken into account.The construction and post-occupancy stages were characterized by verifying the performance requirements,which resulted in a low-cost house prototype that included strategies for energy efficiency and a healthy indoor environment.展开更多
文摘Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) has garnered significant attention as apivotal technology for converting surplus electricity into hydrogen for long-term storage, as well asfor providing high-purity hydrogen for aerospace and high-end manufacturing applications. Withthe ongoing commercialization of PEMWE, advancing iridium-based oxygen evolution reaction(OER) catalysts remains imperative to reconcile stringent requirements for high activity, extendedlongevity, and minimized noble metal loading. The review provides a systematic analysis of theintegrated design of iridium-based catalysts in PEMWE, starting from the fundamentals of OER,including the operation environment of OER catalysts, catalytic performance evaluation withinPEMWE, as well as catalytic and dissolution mechanisms. Subsequently, the catalyst classificationand preparation/characterization techniques are summarized with the focus on the dynamic structure-property relationship. Guided by these understandings, an overview of the design strategiesfor performance enhancement is presented. Specifically, we construct a mathematical frameworkfor cost-performance optimization to offer quantitative guidance for catalyst design. Finally, futureperspectives are proposed, aiming to establish a theoretical framework for rational catalyst design.
基金AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co.,LTD for providing the financial support。
文摘In the design process of advanced aero-engines,it is necessary to carry out an effective analysis method between structural features and mechanical characteristics for a better structural optimization.Based on the structural composition and functions of aero-engines,the concept and contents of structural efficiency can reflect the relation between structural features and mechanical characteristics.In order to achieve the integrated design of structural and mechanical characteristics,one quantitative analysis method called Structural Efficiency Assessment Method(SEAM)was put forward.The structural efficiency coefficient was obtained by synthesizing the parameters to quantitatively evaluate the aero-engine structure design level.Parameterization method to evaluate structural design quality was realized.After analyzing the structural features of an actual dual-rotor system in typical high bypass ratio turbofan engines,the mechanical characteristics and structural efficiency coefficient were calculated.Structural efficiency coefficient of high-pressure rotor(0.43)is higher than that of low-pressure rotor(0.29),which directly shows the performance of the former is better,there is room for improvement in structural design of the low-pressure rotor.Thus the direction of structural optimization was pointed out.The applications of SEAM shows that the method is operational and effective in the evaluation and improvement of structural design.
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.56XCA2205402).
文摘The inner rotors of distributed propulsion tilt-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)are often folded in the cruising state and deployed in vertical take-off and landing to cope with the huge difference in thrust requirements.However,the blades of the conventional rotor have poor conformality with the nacelle profile,which will greatly increase the drag of the UAV after folding.This paper proposes an integrated method for the design of rotor and nacelle considering geometric compatibility to reduce the drag of the folded rotor and nacelle,so as to further improve the aerodynamic efficiency in cruise while ensuring the rotor efficiency in the vertical flight mode.A geometric mapping model based on nacelle design parameters and rotor design parameters is established,and a parametric model and aerodynamic optimization model of the outer arc airfoil family are developed.In addition,a rotor performance analysis model and a neural network response surface model for nacelle drag prediction that meet the requirements of confidence level are established.Based on the oblique inflow blade element momentum theory method,numerical simulation method,and genetic algorithm,an integrated optimization framework of the design of the conformal rotor and nacelle is built.Then,a geometrically compatible integrated optimization for the rotor and nacelle is carried out with the objective of maximizing energy efficiency in the full mission profile.Finally,a conformal rotor and nacelle design solution is obtained,which satisfies geometric compatibility and thrust constraints while providing high thrust efficiency and low cruising drag.A comparison of the results of the integrated design and the conventional rotor optimization design shows that the drag of the conventional rotor is 3.45 times that of the conformal integrated design in the cruising state,which proves the effectiveness and necessity of the proposed method.
文摘This paper creates 3D solid model and assembly of U RJ 92-6 oil tank and analyses its strength by integrated CAD/CAE/CAM software I-D EAS. Through integrated simulation in computer, design efficiency and quality of oil tank is greatly improved. Adopting integrated CAD/CAE/CAM software to carry out integrated research to equ ipment and products, we will be able to take overall analysis in aspects of 3-D solid modeling, pre-assembly and strength, etc., to realize non-paper designi ng and parallel designing. Problems can be found and settled during designing, w hich will increase designing efficiency and one-time success rate and realize o ptimum designing for products.
文摘The Next Generation Subsea Production System(NextGen SPS)is an innovative concept for petroleum development in ultra-deep water areas,mainly consisting of artificial seabed(AS),rigid ris-ers,flexible jumpers and mooring lines.To improve the overall performance and design efficiency of NextGen SPS,an integrated design approach for the NextGen SPS based on multidisciplinary design optimization(MDO)method was investigated in this paper by combing the multidisciplinary feasible(MDF)architecture and particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm to establish the design frame-work.Two sub-disciplines of hydrodynamic analysis and global performance analysis were defined,and analysis method in each sub-discipline was introduced.Surrogate models of hydrodynamic analy-sis and global performance analysis were developed by using Latin hypercube sampling method and back propagation neural network(BPNN).Surrogate models were incorporated into the design frame-work,through which an integrated design for NextGen SPS at a depth of 3000 m was implemented.It is concluded that both the overall performance and the design efficiency of NextGen SPS are improved.
文摘This study integrated instrumental and relational approaches to the teaching and learning of solids in a preservice teacher＇s class. The researcher guided the preservice teachers to gather various prisms, pyramids, and spheres to study the total surface areas and volumes. At the end of the integrated models, the test scores showed closed relationships in the concurrent instructional strategies of the integrated models. The researcher therefore, recommended the design models for the teaching and learning of solids in mathematics.
基金supported by Portuguese national funds through FCT-Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia,[grant numbers UIDB/00285/2020,LA/P/0112/2020,and 2022.13512.BD].
文摘Bio-inspired soft robots have already shown the ability to handle uncertainty and adapt to unstructured environments.However,their availability is partially restricted by time-consuming,costly,and highly supervised design-fabrication processes,often based on resource-intensive iterative workflows.Here,we propose an integrated approach targeting the design and fabrication of pneumatic soft actuators in a single casting step.Molds and sacrificial water-soluble hollow cores are printed using fused filament fabrication.A heated water circuit accelerates the dissolution of the core’s material and guarantees its complete removal from the actuator walls,while the actuator’s mechanical operability is defined through finite element analysis.This enables the fabrication of actuators with non-uniform cross-sections under minimal supervision,thereby reducing the number of iterations necessary during the design and fabrication processes.Three actuators capable of bending and linear motion were designed,fabricated,integrated,and demonstrated as 3 different bio-inspired soft robots,an earthworm-inspired robot,a 4-legged robot,and a robotic gripper.We demonstrate the availability,versatility,and effectiveness of the proposed methods,contributing to accelerating the design and fabrication of soft robots.This study represents a step toward increasing the accessibility of soft robots to people at a lower cost.
基金This study was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61903146).
文摘For its outstanding aerodynamic capabilities,the integrated design of the waverider and inlet is widely accepted in hypersonic aircraft.Three aspects of the integrated design of the waverider and inlet since 2020 are mainly described in this paper.Firstly,the advantages and shortcomings of the conventional integrated design are examined.Then,different layouts of integrated design are proposed,and the aerodynamic perfor-mance optimization methods of the waverider,inlet,and their coupling are introduced.Besides,a series of methods for increasing the calculating accuracy of the waverider and inlet are presented,and the focus of attention is to consider the lateral flow problem.
文摘The overall teaching design for the junior middle school English unit aims to maximize the use of teaching resources by using the unit as the central theme,integrating it throughout all sections and related activities.This approach continually reinforces students’understanding and retention of individual lesson content while fostering their core literacy and skills.It promotes a comprehensive development of students’listening,speaking,reading,and writing skills,allowing them to engage repeatedly with the language materials until they internalize them as part of their language proficiency.
文摘In order to achieve holistic urban plans incorporating transport infrastructure,public space and the behavior of people in these spaces,integration of urban design and computer modeling is a promising way to provide both qualitative and quantitative support to decisionmakers.This paper describes a systematic literature review following a four-part framework.Firstly,to understand the relationship of elements of transport,spaces,and humans,w e review policy and urban design strategies for promoting positive interactions.Secondly,we present an overview of the integration methods and strategies used in urban design and policy discourses.Afterward,metrics and approaches for evaluating the effectiveness of integrated plan alternatives are reviewed.Finally,this paper gives a review of state-of-the-art tools with a focus on seven com puter simulation paradigms.This article explores mechanisms underlying the complex system of transport,spaces,and humans from a multidisciplinary perspective to provide an integrated toolkit for designers,planners,modelers and decision-m akers with the current methods and their challenges.
文摘According to the operational characteristics of the logistics networks for the third party logistics supplier （3PLS）, the forward and reverse logistics networks together for 3PLS under the uncertain environment are designed. First, a fuzzy model is proposed by taking multiple customers, multiple commodities, capacitated facility location and integrated logistics facility layout into account. In the model, the fuzzy customer demands and transportation rates are illustrated by triangular fuzzy numbers. Secondly, the fuzzy model is converted into a crisp model by applying fuzzy chance constrained theory and possibility theory, and one hybrid genetic algorithm is designed for the crisp model. Finally, two different examples are designed to illustrate that the model and solution discussed are valid.
基金This work was supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(0083/2018/A2)Multi-Year Research Grant(MYRG2019-00135-IAPME)Research&Development Grant for Chair Professor(CPG2020-00002-IAPME).
文摘Design is a goal-oriented planning activity for creating products,processes,and systems with desired functions through specifications.It is a decision-making exploration:the design outcome may vary greatly depending on the designer’s knowledge and philosophy.Integrated design is one type of design philosophy that takes an interdisciplinary and holistic approach.In civil engineering,structural design is such an activity for creating buildings and infrastructures.Recently,structural design in many countries has emphasized a performance-based philosophy that simultaneously considers a structure’s safety,durability,serviceability,and sustainability.Consequently,integrated design in civil engineering has become more popular,useful,and important.Material-oriented integrated design and construction of structures(MIDCS)combine materials engineering and structural engineering in the design stage:it fully utilizes the strengths of materials by selecting the most suitable structural forms and construction methodologies.This paper will explore real-world examples of MIDCS,including the realization of MIDCS in timber seismic-resistant structures,masonry arch structures,long-span steel bridges,prefabricated/on-site extruded light-weight steel structures,fiber-reinforced cementitious composites structures,and fiber-reinforced polymer bridge decks.Additionally,advanced material design methods such as bioinspired design and structure construction technology of additive manufacturing are briefly reviewed and discussed to demonstrate how MIDCS can combine materials and structures.A unified strengthdurability design theory is also introduced,which is a human-centric,interdisciplinary,and holistic approach to the description and development of any civil infrastructure and includes all processes directly involved in the life cycle of the infrastructure.Finally,this paper lays out future research directions for further development in the field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 50805149)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No 20090450166/201003669)+2 种基金Chongqing Municipal Intellectual Property Office Special FoundationChongqing Science and Technology Commission Key Project Foundation (CSTC) (Grant No 2009AB3234)Chongqing University Innovation Group Team Project (Grant No KJTD201019)
文摘The research on scroll profiles theory at present mainly is aiming at the single profile and its amelioration or parameter optimization,not aiming at the natural characteristic of the profiles equation of scroll profiles itself.Thus,the intrinsic differential equation bearing on arc-length and tangent direction angle was studied.Using the inherent differential equation and general functional theory,the conversion ideas between the expression of intrinsic differential equation and the expression in Cartesian coordinate was studied,and the condition of involutes characteristic was presented.The detailed analysis of four typical scroll profiles was given.According to the four typical scroll profiles and based on the method of Taylor series,the unified formation of general functional integration scroll profiles was established,which perfected general theory of scroll profiles increasingly.The envelope method to seek conjugation engagement profiles was studied.The unified general functional equation of scroll profiles represented the admissible function scrolls and the conjugation engagement characteristic of which was studied.The engagement condition of conjugation scroll profiles and the expression in Cartesian coordinate of conjugation scroll profiles of general functional integration scroll profiles were educed.Therefore,the restriction of inherent characteristics of single scroll profiles model is broken through.Solid modeling and machine tool path simulation can bridge the gap between design and manufacture which is essential for the design and manufacture of scroll compressors.With this method a perfect solid model can be achieved,which leads to an optimal design in terms of quality,delivery time and cost.The presentation of unified formation of general functional integration scroll profiles represents foundation factor of instinct characteristics of scroll profiles,which widens the design method of scroll compressor for automobile air conditioning.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51306177)
文摘In order to shorten aero-engine axial length,substituting the traditional long chord thick strut design accompanied with the traditional low pressure(LP) stage nozzle,LP turbine is integrated with intermediate turbine duct(ITD).In the current paper,five vanes of the first stage LP turbine nozzle is replaced with loaded struts for supporting the engine shaft,and providing oil pipes circumferentially which fulfilled the areo-engine structure requirement.However,their bulky geometric size represents a more effective obstacle to flow from high pressure(HP) turbine rotor.These five struts give obvious influence for not only the LP turbine nozzle but also the flowfield within the ITD,and hence cause higher loss.Numerical investigation has been undertaken to observe the influence of the Nozzle-Strut integrated design concept on the flowfield within the ITD and the nearby nozzle blades.According to the computational results,three main conclusions are finally obtained.Firstly,a noticeable low speed area is formed near the strut's leading edge,which is no doubt caused by the potential flow effects.Secondly,more severe radial migration of boundary layer flow adjacent to the strut's pressure side have been found near the nozzle's trailing edge.Such boundary layer migration is obvious,especially close to the shroud domain.Meanwhile,radial pressure gradient aggravates this phenomenon.Thirdly,velocity distribution along the strut's pressure side on nozzle's suction surface differs,which means loading variation of the nozzle.And it will no doubt cause nonuniform flowfield faced by the downstream rotor blade.
基金Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CASC2016)Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province(KTHY-025).
文摘Hypersonic vehicles(HSVs)exhibit significant advantages over other vehicles,including the wide range of velocity and large airspace types,and these features have contributed to the rapid development of HSVs in the last 20 years.Moreover,hypersonic technologies have become a multidisciplinary research topic in the fields of aerodynamics,propulsion,structure,material,and control.Different types of re-entry gliding,air-breathing cruise,and aerospace vehicles have been designed to realize ambitious tasks,which in turn influenced the technological advancements and process change in the military.This paper summarizes the control-oriented integrated design of HSVs.First,the status of current research on the distinct characteristics and technique issues of HSVs is introduced.Then,the progresses made on complex modeling,guidance and control,and trajectory optimization are elaborated to exhibit the significant research interest in hypersonic technologies.The control-integrated design of HSVs is emphasized to solve the multidisciplinary design problems associated with the model and its control and trajectory.Various strategies regarding the multidisciplinary optimization design are also proposed to solve the integrated design problem.Finally,suggestions are provided for the control-oriented integrated design of HSVs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51278107)the Key Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK2010061)+2 种基金the R&D Program of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China(2011-K1-2)the Open Project Program of the Key Laboratory of Urban and Architectural Heritage Conservation(Southeast University)the Ministry of Education(KLUAHC1212).
文摘The connotations and denotations of the term net-zero-energy solar buildings(NZESBs)have been in constant flux because of continuous developments in solar heating technology,solar photovoltaic(PV)technology,building energy-storage technology,regional energy-storage technology,and energy-management systems.This paper focuses on innovative strategies for implementing NZESBs in Nanjing,China.These strategies include integrated architectural design,including passive solar design(respecting climatic characteristics and conducting integrated planning based on the environment,building orientation,distance between buildings,build-ing shape,ratio of window area to wall area,and building envelope)and active solar design(integration of the solar-energy-collecting end of the system–collectors and PV panels–with the building surface–roof,wall surfaces,balconies,and sun-shading devices–and the integration of solar-energy transfer and storage equip-ment with the building).Some Nanjing-specific recommendations and findings on NZESBs are proposed.The results illustrate that NZESBs can be realized in Nanjing if solar energy technologies are appropriately integrated with the character-istics of Nanjing’s geography,climate and buildings.
文摘The purpose of this study is to contribute methodologically, through a systematic study of the application of different optimization techniques to design integrated distillation columns in binary, for it established one optimization technique, deterministic, was optimized distillation column at steady state. For this part was used tabu search to solve the type binary problem. For each choice of the search whole continuous variables were optimized with the deterministic method for process design perturbation is applied to the molar fraction of the feed. It develops and implements the mathematical algorithm solving the problem, then validation of the methodology proposed dynamic simulation of the system is compared with and without control, with both traditional and integrated approaches.
文摘This paper presents design considerations for an integrated design of solar commu-nities highlighting the interactive nature of various design parameters to improve the energy performance of these neighborhoods.These considerations are illus-trated through practical design examples of different neighborhood scenarios and individual buildings,based on extensive studies and analysis of energy performance of a wide spectrum of buildings and neighborhoods.The examples fall under two general categories-design at the neighborhood level,and design at the individ-ual building level.Neighborhood design is illustrated by examples of homogeneous residential neighborhoods consisting of 2-storied housing units and of a mixed-rise neighborhood.Design of individual buildings focuses primarily on design of the envelope-consisting of roof and façades-for maximizing energy generation poten-tial,as a function of height and relative position to adjacent buildings.In addition to examples of application of the design considerations,the paper outlines the process of design of solar communities and the role of simulations in the design process.
基金the dissemination of this work have been supported by CONICYT project MEL 81100003.
文摘This paper discusses the application of Integrated Design Process for the design of low-cost housing in Chile.It aims to question common practice for the development of housing based on prescriptive regulations and non-interdisciplinary work,which has resulted in poor quality building requirements.The first stage consisted in defining performance requirements for aspects such as energy demand,U value,air tightness and indoor air quality for a specific case of low-cost houses located in the city of Temuco.An integrated design process was carried out by an interdisciplinary team of professionals specialized in each of the performance aspects that were taken into account.The construction and post-occupancy stages were characterized by verifying the performance requirements,which resulted in a low-cost house prototype that included strategies for energy efficiency and a healthy indoor environment.
