The rapid expansion of the low-altitude economy is driving strong demand for highly accurate and reliable positioning technologies to support diverse aerial operations.This review examines core positioning methodologi...The rapid expansion of the low-altitude economy is driving strong demand for highly accurate and reliable positioning technologies to support diverse aerial operations.This review examines core positioning methodologies within the low-altitude intelligent network(LAIN)framework,beginning with an analysis of positioning requirements and performance metrics for low-altitude flight scenarios.It systematically assesses the principles,strengths,and limitations of mainstream positioning systems,including Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS),terrestrial wireless positioning,and autonomous navigation,and it surveys prevalent integrated and cooperative positioning schemes.Our analysis demonstrates that standalone positioning technologies are inadequate in complex low-altitude settings,underscoring the pivotal role of multi-source fusion and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)swarm cooperative positioning as future trends.To address infrastructure gaps and high deployment costs in current LAIN systems,we propose a“space−air−ground”integrated and cooperative positioning architecture centered on GNSS and the 5th generation mobile communication technology(5G).The ground layer integrates 5G and GNSS for wide-area enhanced positioning.The aerial layer uses 5G aircraft-to-everything(A2X)and sidelink(SL)communications to build self-organizing networks for cooperative UAV localization.The space layer leverages low Earth orbit(LEO)satellites to overcome coverage limitations in communication and positioning.This hierarchical architecture reduces deployment costs through infrastructure reuse and enables deep integration of communication and navigation capabilities.By supporting collaborative enhancement across all three domains,the framework improves positioning robustness and delivers cost-effective,ubiquitous,and highly reliable positioning services.Finally,we outline promising research directions.This review aims to provide a systematic reference and a novel architectural perspective for the ongoing development of LAIN.展开更多
This paper introduces an innovative Multifunction Integrated Optic Circuit(MIOC)design utilizing thin-film lithium niobate,surpassing traditional bulk waveguide-based MIOCs in terms of size,half-wave voltage requireme...This paper introduces an innovative Multifunction Integrated Optic Circuit(MIOC)design utilizing thin-film lithium niobate,surpassing traditional bulk waveguide-based MIOCs in terms of size,half-wave voltage requirements,and integration capabilities.By implementing a sub-wavelength grating structure,we achieve a Po⁃larization Extinction Ratio(PER)exceeding 29 dB.Furthermore,our electrode design facilitates a voltage-length product(V_(π)L)below 2 V·cm,while a double-tapered coupling structure significantly reduces insertion loss.This advancement provides a pivotal direction for the miniaturization and integration of optical gyroscopes,marking a substantial contribution to the field.展开更多
The commercial AM60(Mg−6Al−0.3Mn)die-casting alloy was modified through Mn,Ce,and La micro-alloying,each at a content below 0.2 wt.%.SEM,TEM,and Micro-CT were employed to characterize the microstructures and propertie...The commercial AM60(Mg−6Al−0.3Mn)die-casting alloy was modified through Mn,Ce,and La micro-alloying,each at a content below 0.2 wt.%.SEM,TEM,and Micro-CT were employed to characterize the microstructures and properties of AM60 based alloys.AM60-0.2La alloy showed excellent mechanical properties.The ultimate tensile strength,yield strength,and elongation of(288.0±1.7)MPa,(158.0±1.0)MPa,and(22.0±3.0)%were achieved in AM60-0.2La alloy.Besides,AM60-0.2La alloy exhibited the best corrosion resistance(0.29 mm/a)and fluidity among the investigated four alloys.The excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance are mainly attributed to the grain refinement strengthening,low porosity,and low content of large shrinkage porosity,promising for super-sized integrated automotive components.展开更多
Transformer models face significant computational challenges in private inference(PI).Existing optimization methods often rely on isolated techniques,neglecting joint structural and operational improvements.We propose...Transformer models face significant computational challenges in private inference(PI).Existing optimization methods often rely on isolated techniques,neglecting joint structural and operational improvements.We propose IG-3D,a unified framework that integrates structured compression and operator approximation through accurate importance assessment.Our approach first evaluates attention head importance using Integrated Gradients(IG),offering greater stability and theoretical soundness than gradient-based methods.We then apply a threedimensional optimization:(1)structurally pruning redundant attention heads;(2)replacing Softmax with adaptive polynomial approximation to avoid exponential computations;(3)implementing layer-wise GELU substitution to accommodate different layer characteristics.A joint thresholdmechanism coordinates compression across dimensions under accuracy constraints.Experimental results on the GLUE benchmark show that our method achieves an average 2.9×speedup in inference latency and a 50%reduction in communication cost,while controlling the accuracy loss within 2.3%,demonstrating significant synergistic effects and a superior accuracy-efficiency trade-off compared to single-technique optimization strategies.展开更多
Integration of natural gas and electricity transmission systems has strengthened interdependence between the two systems.Due to the close interconnection through coupling elements between the power system(PS)and natur...Integration of natural gas and electricity transmission systems has strengthened interdependence between the two systems.Due to the close interconnection through coupling elements between the power system(PS)and natural gas system(NGS)when a disturbance happens in one system,a series of complicated sequences of dependent events may follow in another system.Therefore,an integrated planning model jointing security-constrained considering cascading effects is proposed in this paper.Meanwhile,natural gas and electricity transmission systems considering stochastic failures and various operating characteristics of components can be viewed as a multistate systems.Moreover,power-to-gas(P2G),as a promising technology proposed to store surplus renewable energy,is considered in the integrated planning.First,multi-state models for different components are developed to describe realistic operating conditions in natural gas and electricity transmission systems.Furthermore,a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)approach considers N-1 contingency and cascading effects between natural gas and the electrical power systems.Therefore,a security-constrained integrated planning model of natural gas and electricity transmission systems is represented.The proposed methods are validated using an integrated gas and power test system.展开更多
Next-GenerationNetworks(NGNs)demand high resilience,dynamic adaptability,and efficient resource utilization to enable ubiquitous connectivity.In this context,the Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network(SAGIN)architecture ...Next-GenerationNetworks(NGNs)demand high resilience,dynamic adaptability,and efficient resource utilization to enable ubiquitous connectivity.In this context,the Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network(SAGIN)architecture is uniquely positioned to meet these requirements.However,conventional NGN routing algorithms often fail to account for SAGIN’s intrinsic characteristics,such as its heterogeneous structure,dynamic topology,and constrained resources,leading to suboptimal performance under disruptions such as node failures or cyberattacks.To meet these demands for SAGIN,this study proposes a resilience-oriented routing optimization framework featuring dynamic weighting and multi-objective evaluation.Methodologically,we define three core routing performance metrics,quantified through a four-dimensionalmodel,encompassing robustness Rd,resilience Rr,adaptability Ra,and resource utilization efficiency Ru,and integrate them into a comprehensive evaluation metric.In simulated SAGIN environments,the proposed Multi-Indicator Weighted Resilience Evaluation Algorithm(MIW-REA)demonstrates significant improvements in resilience enhancement,recovery acceleration,and resource optimization.It maintains 82.3%service availability even with a 30%node failure rate,reduces Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attack recovery time by 43%,decreases bandwidth waste by 23.4%,and lowers energy consumption by 18.9%.By addressing challenges unique to the SAGIN network,this research provides a flexible real-time solution for NGN routing optimization that balances resilience,efficiency,and adaptability,advancing the field.展开更多
To achieve efficient and refined thermal environment simulations for single-phase and two-phase flows in aircraft cabins,we propose an integrated analysis method.This approach enables rapid coupled heat transfer calcu...To achieve efficient and refined thermal environment simulations for single-phase and two-phase flows in aircraft cabins,we propose an integrated analysis method.This approach enables rapid coupled heat transfer calculations among single-phase flow,two-phase flow,and solids within a single time step.For single-phase fluid and solid equipment,a fast numerical algorithm for natural convection is developed using a loosely coupled strategy,dividing the single-phase flow into developmental stages for efficient temperature field computation.For two-phase flow and the fuel tank wall,a transient heat transfer model is constructed at the gas-liquid-solid boundary,facilitating fast thermal analysis.These methods are unified for integrated simulation of the cabin’s thermal environment.Validation based on two-dimensional models demonstrates a speedup by a factor of 7.9,while maintaining an average temperature error of less than 1%at two-phase nodes.The method’s robustness is confirmed under various high-temperature boundary conditions.展开更多
Driven by the global energy transition and the urgent“dual carbon”goals,regional integrated energy system(RIES)planning is undergoing a paradigm shift from carbon reduction to negative carbon emissions.This paper pr...Driven by the global energy transition and the urgent“dual carbon”goals,regional integrated energy system(RIES)planning is undergoing a paradigm shift from carbon reduction to negative carbon emissions.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the theoretical frameworks and technical pathways for RIES planning from a carbon-centric perspective.A key contribution is the proposed Carbon-Energy-Economy(CEE)triple-dimensional governance framework,which endogenizes carbon factors into planning decisions through emission constraints,trading mechanisms,and capture technologies.We first analyze the fundamental characteristics of RIES and their critical role in achieving carbon neutrality,detailing advancements in multi-energy coupling models,energy router concepts,and standardized energy hub modeling.The paper further explores multi-energy flow analysis methods,and systematically compares the applicability and limitations of various planning algorithms,with emphasis on addressing uncertainties from renewable integration.Finally,we highlight the integration of artificial intelligence with traditional optimization methods,offering new pathways for intelligent,adaptive,and low-carbon RIES planning.This review underscores the transition towards data-physical fusion models,cooperative uncertainty optimization,multi-market planning,and innovative zero/negative-carbon technological routes.展开更多
This paper investigates the traffic offloading optimization challenge in Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks(SAGIN)through a novel Recursive Multi-Agent Proximal Policy Optimization(RMAPPO)algorithm.The exponential g...This paper investigates the traffic offloading optimization challenge in Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks(SAGIN)through a novel Recursive Multi-Agent Proximal Policy Optimization(RMAPPO)algorithm.The exponential growth of mobile devices and data traffic has substantially increased network congestion,particularly in urban areas and regions with limited terrestrial infrastructure.Our approach jointly optimizes unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)trajectories and satellite-assisted offloading strategies to simultaneously maximize data throughput,minimize energy consumption,and maintain equitable resource distribution.The proposed RMAPPO framework incorporates recurrent neural networks(RNNs)to model temporal dependencies in UAV mobility patterns and utilizes a decentralized multi-agent reinforcement learning architecture to reduce communication overhead while improving system robustness.The proposed RMAPPO algorithm was evaluated through simulation experiments,with the results indicating that it significantly enhances the cumulative traffic offloading rate of nodes and reduces the energy consumption of UAVs.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the effectiveness of an integrated teaching platform combining virtual reality(VR)technology and high-end simulators in practical obstetrics and gynecology teaching.Methods:A total of 39 interns w...Objective:To analyze the effectiveness of an integrated teaching platform combining virtual reality(VR)technology and high-end simulators in practical obstetrics and gynecology teaching.Methods:A total of 39 interns who underwent obstetrics and gynecology internships from March 2023 to March 2024 were included in the reference group and received conventional practical teaching methods.Another 39 interns who underwent internships from April 2024 to April 2025 were included in the observation group and received the integrated teaching platform combining VR and high-end simulators.The teaching effects of the two groups were compared.Results:The observation group achieved higher assessment scores than the reference group,with higher scores in self-directed learning ability and clinical thinking ability after teaching,as well as higher teaching satisfaction(p<0.05).Conclusion:The integrated teaching platform combining VR and high-end simulators can improve the assessment scores of obstetrics and gynecology interns,cultivate their self-directed learning ability and clinical thinking ability,and achieve high teaching satisfaction.展开更多
This paper proposes two types of integrated sound absorbing-insulating metamaterials with low thickness and efficient sound attenuation in the low-frequency bandwidth,i.e.,labyrinth-type metamaterial and multi-order r...This paper proposes two types of integrated sound absorbing-insulating metamaterials with low thickness and efficient sound attenuation in the low-frequency bandwidth,i.e.,labyrinth-type metamaterial and multi-order resonator metamaterial.The labyrinth-type metamaterial is designed through spatial dimension transfer,transferring the required dimension in the thickness direction to the planar thin layer.Based on the Helmholtz resonance,the metamaterial achieves noise reduction through the reflection of sound waves and the thermoviscous dissipation of holes and cavities.This mechanism enables its sound insulation performance to produce the same gain effect as absorption,thereby accomplishing the broadband absorbing-insulating integrated design.With a thickness of only 33 mm,it achieves both sound absorption and insulation effects over more than one octave.The multi-order resonator metamaterial has a larger working bandwidth than the labyrinth-type metamaterial.It is designed based on the multiorder resonance absorption mechanism,and consists of 9 different orders of resonator units.The metamaterial obtains a continuous sound absorption coefficient curve in the low-frequency range of 362–1712 Hz,and possesses high transmission loss(TL)above 346 Hz.In addition,this paper deeply explores the sound absorbing-insulating mechanism through the correlation analysis between the sound absorption coefficient and TL curves.The experimental results verify the continuous and efficient absorption effects of the two metamaterials,as well as their insulation performance that breaks the mass law.In low-frequency engineering applications,the two designed metamaterials demonstrate great potential and value at sub-wavelength dimensions.展开更多
Integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)is an appealing approach to address spectrum congestion and beamforming is an effective method to realize ISAC.In this paper,we investigate the beamforming design problem for ...Integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)is an appealing approach to address spectrum congestion and beamforming is an effective method to realize ISAC.In this paper,we investigate the beamforming design problem for multiple-input multipleoutput(MIMO)ISAC systems and propose to maximize the radar beampattern gain of the target direction while ensuring the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio(SINR)constraints of communication users.Particularly,we discuss two cases of ISAC transmit beamforming,i.e.,Case-Ⅰand Case-Ⅱ,which do not have and do have the dedicated probing signal,respectively.For these two cases of transmit beamforming design problems,we start from the single-user scenario and provide the closed-form solutions for MIMO ISAC beamforming vectors.Then,we consider the multiuser scenario and utilize the semidefinite relaxation technique to convert the beamforming design problems into convex semidefinite programming problems.Furthermore,we investigate the impact of the channel correlation between radar and communication on the performance gain of MIMO ISAC systems and characterize the performance tradeoff.Numerical results validate that the dedicated probing signal is unnecessary in the single-user scenario,whereas it has a slight improvement in target detection performance at low SINR thresholds in the multi-user scenario.It is also shown that the stronger the correlation between radar and communication channels,the greater the performance gain of the system.展开更多
Point-of-care diagnostics and inline quantitative phase imaging(QPI)drive the demand for portable,ultra-miniaturized,and robust optical imaging and metrology systems.We propose and demonstrate a wavefront sensor integ...Point-of-care diagnostics and inline quantitative phase imaging(QPI)drive the demand for portable,ultra-miniaturized,and robust optical imaging and metrology systems.We propose and demonstrate a wavefront sensor integrated into a photonic integrated circuit,enabling single-shot optical phase retrieval.We implemented an integrated wavefront sensor array with a spatial resolution of 17μm and a numerical aperture of 0.1.Furthermore,we experimentally demonstrated the reconstruction of wavefronts defined by Zernike polynomials,specifically the first 14 terms(Z_(1)to Z_(14)),achieving an average root mean square error below 0.07.This advancement paves the way for fully integrated,portable,and robust optical imaging systems,facilitating integrated wavefront sensors in demanding applications such as point-of-care diagnostics,endoscopy,in situ QPI,and inline surface profile measurement.展开更多
Phytomelatonin,an emerging plant hormone,plays vital roles in plant growth,development,and stress adaptation(Arnao et al.,2022;Ullah et al.,2024).It acts both as a direct antioxidant and a signaling molecule,engaging ...Phytomelatonin,an emerging plant hormone,plays vital roles in plant growth,development,and stress adaptation(Arnao et al.,2022;Ullah et al.,2024).It acts both as a direct antioxidant and a signaling molecule,engaging complex networks and interacting with other phytohormones(Liu et al.,2022;Khan et al.,2023).Although phytomelatonin receptors(PMTRs)have been identified in many plants(Wei et al.,2018;Wang et al.,2022;Liu et al.,2025),the downstream signaling mechanisms,particularly receptor-mediated protein modifications and transcriptional regulation,remain poorly characterized.展开更多
Carbon-based air cathodes offer low cost,high electrical conductivity,and structural tunability.However,they suffer from limited catalytic activity and inefficient gas transport,and they typically rely on noble metal ...Carbon-based air cathodes offer low cost,high electrical conductivity,and structural tunability.However,they suffer from limited catalytic activity and inefficient gas transport,and they typically rely on noble metal additives or complex multilayer configurations.To tackle these issues,this study devised a self-activated integrated carbon-based air cathode.By integrating in situ catalytic site construction with structural optimization,the strategy not only induces the formation of oxygen functional groups(─C─OH,─C═O,─COOH),hierarchical pores,and uniformly distributed active sites,but also establishes a favorable electronic and mass-transport environment.Furthermore,the roll-pressing-based integrated design streamlines electrode construction,reinforces interfacial bonding,and significantly enhances mechanical stability.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations show that oxygen functional groups initiate hydrogen bonding interaction and promote charge enrichment,which improves the activity of the cathode and facilitates intermediate adsorption/desorption in oxygen reduction and evolution reactions processes.As a result,the integrated air cathode-based rechargeable zinc-air batteries(RZABs)achieve a high specific capacity of 811 mAh g^(-1).It also performs well in quasi-solid-state RZABs and silicon-air batteries systems across a wide temperature range,demonstrating strong adaptability and application potential.This study provides a scalable and cost-effective design strategy for high-performance carbon-based air cathodes,offering new insights into advancing durable and practical metal-air energy systems.展开更多
Programmable two-particle quantum walks are crucial for advancing quantum simulation,computation,and information processing.Although disorder is traditionally associated with information loss,it can also facilitate em...Programmable two-particle quantum walks are crucial for advancing quantum simulation,computation,and information processing.Although disorder is traditionally associated with information loss,it can also facilitate emergent phenomena such as enhanced energy transport.Here,we experimentally realize a 12-step discrete-time quantum walk in programmable integrated photonic circuits,introducing tunable static and dynamic disorder to explore quantum transport dynamics.In periodic lattices,disorder induces light localization and drives a transition from quantum ballistic to classical diffusive behavior.In particular,quantum walks of correlated photons exhibit a disorder-induced bunching effect,accompanied by enhanced nonclassical correlations.Our platform provides a scalable framework for investigating multiparticle quantum dynamics in engineered environments,promoting the development of quantum optics toward large-scale applications.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter studies the motion planning issue for an autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV)in obstacle environment.We propose a novel integrated detection-communication waveform that enables simultaneous obsta...Dear Editor,This letter studies the motion planning issue for an autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV)in obstacle environment.We propose a novel integrated detection-communication waveform that enables simultaneous obstacle detection and self-localization.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the impact of improved emergency integrated nursing on the treatment effectiveness and safety of emergency trauma patients.Methods:Study duration:December 2024 to December 2025.Observation target:...Objective:To analyze the impact of improved emergency integrated nursing on the treatment effectiveness and safety of emergency trauma patients.Methods:Study duration:December 2024 to December 2025.Observation target:emergency trauma patients in our hospital.Sample size:92 cases.Using computer-based grouping,the 92 patients were divided into two equally sized groups:a control group of 46 patients who received conventional emergency nursing care,and an observation group of 46 patients who underwent an improved emergency integrated nursing model.The treatment-related indicators,treatment effectiveness,and incidence of adverse events were evaluated in both groups.Results:After intervention,the pre-hospital emergency care time,emergency diagnosis time,total emergency rescue duration,and examination waiting time in the control group were all longer than those in the observation group(p<0.05);the treatment effectiveness in the control group(effective rate:82.61%)was worse than that in the observation group(effective rate:95.65%),p<0.05;compared with the control group,the observation group had a lower incidence of adverse events,p<0.05.Conclusion:Implementing an improved emergency integrated nursing model for emergency trauma patients helps streamline the treatment process,enhance treatment effectiveness,and reduce the incidence of adverse events.展开更多
Traditional dynamic analysis of mechanical structures,often limited to individual beams or plates,fails to fully capture their dynamic behaviors.In systems where space and mass are constrained,such as the battery supp...Traditional dynamic analysis of mechanical structures,often limited to individual beams or plates,fails to fully capture their dynamic behaviors.In systems where space and mass are constrained,such as the battery support structures in electric aircraft,conventional absorbers and isolators are insufficient for effective vibration control.This study simplifies the battery support structure of electric aircraft as an integrated composite beam consisting of three interconnected beams,and investigated its structural dynamics properties and nonlinear vibration control under thermal conditions caused by battery heat.The nonlinear vibration control is performed using the Nitinol steel wire ropes(Ni Ti-ST),with nonlinear damping properties.The natural frequencies of system are determined using the Rayleigh-Ritz technique.Theoretical results are validated through both Finite Element Method(FEM)and hammer tests.Moreover,the dynamic equations are derived using the Lagrange method and discretized via the Galerkin Truncation Method(GTM).The Harmonic Balance Method(HBM)is used to evaluate the vibration responses of the integrated model,with further verification through the Runge-Kutta Method(RKM).The experiments are conducted to corroborate the theoretical analysis.The results show that the system frequency changes in stages with the increase of the stiffness of the integrated composite beam connection.Especially in the case of varying environments,as the temperature increases,the frequency of system will first increase to a certain maximum value and then gradually decrease.Furthermore,the NiTi-ST effectively reduces vibration in the integrated composite beam,particularly under varying temperatures and external excitations.展开更多
In recent years,with the accelerating aging process of the population,China has entered an aging society,and the number of elderly patients with chronic diseases has been increasing.The traditional medical and elderly...In recent years,with the accelerating aging process of the population,China has entered an aging society,and the number of elderly patients with chronic diseases has been increasing.The traditional medical and elderly care service models can no longer fully meet their needs.The integrated medical and elderly care model has emerged as the times require.It organically combines medical resources with elderly care resources to provide comprehensive and continuous health management services for the elderly,becoming an important approach to solving the problems of chronic disease management among the elderly.In this regard,this paper first elaborates on the role of integrated medical and elderly care in the management of chronic diseases among the elderly,and then puts forward application strategies of integrated medical and elderly care in the management of chronic diseases among the elderly,in order to provide certain reference for relevant researchers.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(No.2024YFB3910102).
文摘The rapid expansion of the low-altitude economy is driving strong demand for highly accurate and reliable positioning technologies to support diverse aerial operations.This review examines core positioning methodologies within the low-altitude intelligent network(LAIN)framework,beginning with an analysis of positioning requirements and performance metrics for low-altitude flight scenarios.It systematically assesses the principles,strengths,and limitations of mainstream positioning systems,including Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS),terrestrial wireless positioning,and autonomous navigation,and it surveys prevalent integrated and cooperative positioning schemes.Our analysis demonstrates that standalone positioning technologies are inadequate in complex low-altitude settings,underscoring the pivotal role of multi-source fusion and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)swarm cooperative positioning as future trends.To address infrastructure gaps and high deployment costs in current LAIN systems,we propose a“space−air−ground”integrated and cooperative positioning architecture centered on GNSS and the 5th generation mobile communication technology(5G).The ground layer integrates 5G and GNSS for wide-area enhanced positioning.The aerial layer uses 5G aircraft-to-everything(A2X)and sidelink(SL)communications to build self-organizing networks for cooperative UAV localization.The space layer leverages low Earth orbit(LEO)satellites to overcome coverage limitations in communication and positioning.This hierarchical architecture reduces deployment costs through infrastructure reuse and enables deep integration of communication and navigation capabilities.By supporting collaborative enhancement across all three domains,the framework improves positioning robustness and delivers cost-effective,ubiquitous,and highly reliable positioning services.Finally,we outline promising research directions.This review aims to provide a systematic reference and a novel architectural perspective for the ongoing development of LAIN.
基金Supported by the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(424206)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(2021108).
文摘This paper introduces an innovative Multifunction Integrated Optic Circuit(MIOC)design utilizing thin-film lithium niobate,surpassing traditional bulk waveguide-based MIOCs in terms of size,half-wave voltage requirements,and integration capabilities.By implementing a sub-wavelength grating structure,we achieve a Po⁃larization Extinction Ratio(PER)exceeding 29 dB.Furthermore,our electrode design facilitates a voltage-length product(V_(π)L)below 2 V·cm,while a double-tapered coupling structure significantly reduces insertion loss.This advancement provides a pivotal direction for the miniaturization and integration of optical gyroscopes,marking a substantial contribution to the field.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFB3709300,2021YFB3701000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52271090,52071036,U2037601,U21A2048)+1 种基金Chongqing Science and Technology Commission,China(Nos.CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0021,CSTC2024YCJHBGZXM0164,CSTB2024TIAD-KPX0001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.2022CDJDX-002)。
文摘The commercial AM60(Mg−6Al−0.3Mn)die-casting alloy was modified through Mn,Ce,and La micro-alloying,each at a content below 0.2 wt.%.SEM,TEM,and Micro-CT were employed to characterize the microstructures and properties of AM60 based alloys.AM60-0.2La alloy showed excellent mechanical properties.The ultimate tensile strength,yield strength,and elongation of(288.0±1.7)MPa,(158.0±1.0)MPa,and(22.0±3.0)%were achieved in AM60-0.2La alloy.Besides,AM60-0.2La alloy exhibited the best corrosion resistance(0.29 mm/a)and fluidity among the investigated four alloys.The excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance are mainly attributed to the grain refinement strengthening,low porosity,and low content of large shrinkage porosity,promising for super-sized integrated automotive components.
文摘Transformer models face significant computational challenges in private inference(PI).Existing optimization methods often rely on isolated techniques,neglecting joint structural and operational improvements.We propose IG-3D,a unified framework that integrates structured compression and operator approximation through accurate importance assessment.Our approach first evaluates attention head importance using Integrated Gradients(IG),offering greater stability and theoretical soundness than gradient-based methods.We then apply a threedimensional optimization:(1)structurally pruning redundant attention heads;(2)replacing Softmax with adaptive polynomial approximation to avoid exponential computations;(3)implementing layer-wise GELU substitution to accommodate different layer characteristics.A joint thresholdmechanism coordinates compression across dimensions under accuracy constraints.Experimental results on the GLUE benchmark show that our method achieves an average 2.9×speedup in inference latency and a 50%reduction in communication cost,while controlling the accuracy loss within 2.3%,demonstrating significant synergistic effects and a superior accuracy-efficiency trade-off compared to single-technique optimization strategies.
基金supported in part by the Key Projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 51936003.
文摘Integration of natural gas and electricity transmission systems has strengthened interdependence between the two systems.Due to the close interconnection through coupling elements between the power system(PS)and natural gas system(NGS)when a disturbance happens in one system,a series of complicated sequences of dependent events may follow in another system.Therefore,an integrated planning model jointing security-constrained considering cascading effects is proposed in this paper.Meanwhile,natural gas and electricity transmission systems considering stochastic failures and various operating characteristics of components can be viewed as a multistate systems.Moreover,power-to-gas(P2G),as a promising technology proposed to store surplus renewable energy,is considered in the integrated planning.First,multi-state models for different components are developed to describe realistic operating conditions in natural gas and electricity transmission systems.Furthermore,a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)approach considers N-1 contingency and cascading effects between natural gas and the electrical power systems.Therefore,a security-constrained integrated planning model of natural gas and electricity transmission systems is represented.The proposed methods are validated using an integrated gas and power test system.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant 9242003partially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China under Grant CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0391+3 种基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62471493partially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under Grants ZR2023LZH017,ZR2024MF066supported by the Key Laboratory of Public Opinion Governance and Computational Communication under Grant YQKFYB202501The Research Project on the Development of Social Sciences in Hebei Province in 2024(No.202403150).
文摘Next-GenerationNetworks(NGNs)demand high resilience,dynamic adaptability,and efficient resource utilization to enable ubiquitous connectivity.In this context,the Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network(SAGIN)architecture is uniquely positioned to meet these requirements.However,conventional NGN routing algorithms often fail to account for SAGIN’s intrinsic characteristics,such as its heterogeneous structure,dynamic topology,and constrained resources,leading to suboptimal performance under disruptions such as node failures or cyberattacks.To meet these demands for SAGIN,this study proposes a resilience-oriented routing optimization framework featuring dynamic weighting and multi-objective evaluation.Methodologically,we define three core routing performance metrics,quantified through a four-dimensionalmodel,encompassing robustness Rd,resilience Rr,adaptability Ra,and resource utilization efficiency Ru,and integrate them into a comprehensive evaluation metric.In simulated SAGIN environments,the proposed Multi-Indicator Weighted Resilience Evaluation Algorithm(MIW-REA)demonstrates significant improvements in resilience enhancement,recovery acceleration,and resource optimization.It maintains 82.3%service availability even with a 30%node failure rate,reduces Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attack recovery time by 43%,decreases bandwidth waste by 23.4%,and lowers energy consumption by 18.9%.By addressing challenges unique to the SAGIN network,this research provides a flexible real-time solution for NGN routing optimization that balances resilience,efficiency,and adaptability,advancing the field.
文摘To achieve efficient and refined thermal environment simulations for single-phase and two-phase flows in aircraft cabins,we propose an integrated analysis method.This approach enables rapid coupled heat transfer calculations among single-phase flow,two-phase flow,and solids within a single time step.For single-phase fluid and solid equipment,a fast numerical algorithm for natural convection is developed using a loosely coupled strategy,dividing the single-phase flow into developmental stages for efficient temperature field computation.For two-phase flow and the fuel tank wall,a transient heat transfer model is constructed at the gas-liquid-solid boundary,facilitating fast thermal analysis.These methods are unified for integrated simulation of the cabin’s thermal environment.Validation based on two-dimensional models demonstrates a speedup by a factor of 7.9,while maintaining an average temperature error of less than 1%at two-phase nodes.The method’s robustness is confirmed under various high-temperature boundary conditions.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants U2166211)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants LY24E070006 and LMS25E070002).
文摘Driven by the global energy transition and the urgent“dual carbon”goals,regional integrated energy system(RIES)planning is undergoing a paradigm shift from carbon reduction to negative carbon emissions.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the theoretical frameworks and technical pathways for RIES planning from a carbon-centric perspective.A key contribution is the proposed Carbon-Energy-Economy(CEE)triple-dimensional governance framework,which endogenizes carbon factors into planning decisions through emission constraints,trading mechanisms,and capture technologies.We first analyze the fundamental characteristics of RIES and their critical role in achieving carbon neutrality,detailing advancements in multi-energy coupling models,energy router concepts,and standardized energy hub modeling.The paper further explores multi-energy flow analysis methods,and systematically compares the applicability and limitations of various planning algorithms,with emphasis on addressing uncertainties from renewable integration.Finally,we highlight the integration of artificial intelligence with traditional optimization methods,offering new pathways for intelligent,adaptive,and low-carbon RIES planning.This review underscores the transition towards data-physical fusion models,cooperative uncertainty optimization,multi-market planning,and innovative zero/negative-carbon technological routes.
文摘This paper investigates the traffic offloading optimization challenge in Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks(SAGIN)through a novel Recursive Multi-Agent Proximal Policy Optimization(RMAPPO)algorithm.The exponential growth of mobile devices and data traffic has substantially increased network congestion,particularly in urban areas and regions with limited terrestrial infrastructure.Our approach jointly optimizes unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)trajectories and satellite-assisted offloading strategies to simultaneously maximize data throughput,minimize energy consumption,and maintain equitable resource distribution.The proposed RMAPPO framework incorporates recurrent neural networks(RNNs)to model temporal dependencies in UAV mobility patterns and utilizes a decentralized multi-agent reinforcement learning architecture to reduce communication overhead while improving system robustness.The proposed RMAPPO algorithm was evaluated through simulation experiments,with the results indicating that it significantly enhances the cumulative traffic offloading rate of nodes and reduces the energy consumption of UAVs.
基金2024 Undergraduate Teaching Reform Research Project,Department of Education of Shandong Province,2025 Key Project of University-Level Education and Teaching Reform and Research,Research Title:Research on Talent Demand in the Biomedical Industry Chain and Strategies for High-Quality Higher Education Talent Cultivation in Shandong Province under the Background of New Quality Productivity(Project No.:Z2024208)Shandong Second Medical University,Research Title:Construction and Application of an Integrated Teaching Platform Combining Virtual Simulation and High-Fidelity Simulators in Obstetrics and Gynecology Practice Teaching,Project No.:2025SJZX053)。
文摘Objective:To analyze the effectiveness of an integrated teaching platform combining virtual reality(VR)technology and high-end simulators in practical obstetrics and gynecology teaching.Methods:A total of 39 interns who underwent obstetrics and gynecology internships from March 2023 to March 2024 were included in the reference group and received conventional practical teaching methods.Another 39 interns who underwent internships from April 2024 to April 2025 were included in the observation group and received the integrated teaching platform combining VR and high-end simulators.The teaching effects of the two groups were compared.Results:The observation group achieved higher assessment scores than the reference group,with higher scores in self-directed learning ability and clinical thinking ability after teaching,as well as higher teaching satisfaction(p<0.05).Conclusion:The integrated teaching platform combining VR and high-end simulators can improve the assessment scores of obstetrics and gynecology interns,cultivate their self-directed learning ability and clinical thinking ability,and achieve high teaching satisfaction.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52250287)the Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of Shaanxi Province of China(No.2024JC-JCQN-49)。
文摘This paper proposes two types of integrated sound absorbing-insulating metamaterials with low thickness and efficient sound attenuation in the low-frequency bandwidth,i.e.,labyrinth-type metamaterial and multi-order resonator metamaterial.The labyrinth-type metamaterial is designed through spatial dimension transfer,transferring the required dimension in the thickness direction to the planar thin layer.Based on the Helmholtz resonance,the metamaterial achieves noise reduction through the reflection of sound waves and the thermoviscous dissipation of holes and cavities.This mechanism enables its sound insulation performance to produce the same gain effect as absorption,thereby accomplishing the broadband absorbing-insulating integrated design.With a thickness of only 33 mm,it achieves both sound absorption and insulation effects over more than one octave.The multi-order resonator metamaterial has a larger working bandwidth than the labyrinth-type metamaterial.It is designed based on the multiorder resonance absorption mechanism,and consists of 9 different orders of resonator units.The metamaterial obtains a continuous sound absorption coefficient curve in the low-frequency range of 362–1712 Hz,and possesses high transmission loss(TL)above 346 Hz.In addition,this paper deeply explores the sound absorbing-insulating mechanism through the correlation analysis between the sound absorption coefficient and TL curves.The experimental results verify the continuous and efficient absorption effects of the two metamaterials,as well as their insulation performance that breaks the mass law.In low-frequency engineering applications,the two designed metamaterials demonstrate great potential and value at sub-wavelength dimensions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62571248 and Grant 62201266Key Laboratory of Intelligent Space TTC&O(Space Engineering University),Ministry of Education under Grant CYK2025-01-12。
文摘Integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)is an appealing approach to address spectrum congestion and beamforming is an effective method to realize ISAC.In this paper,we investigate the beamforming design problem for multiple-input multipleoutput(MIMO)ISAC systems and propose to maximize the radar beampattern gain of the target direction while ensuring the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio(SINR)constraints of communication users.Particularly,we discuss two cases of ISAC transmit beamforming,i.e.,Case-Ⅰand Case-Ⅱ,which do not have and do have the dedicated probing signal,respectively.For these two cases of transmit beamforming design problems,we start from the single-user scenario and provide the closed-form solutions for MIMO ISAC beamforming vectors.Then,we consider the multiuser scenario and utilize the semidefinite relaxation technique to convert the beamforming design problems into convex semidefinite programming problems.Furthermore,we investigate the impact of the channel correlation between radar and communication on the performance gain of MIMO ISAC systems and characterize the performance tradeoff.Numerical results validate that the dedicated probing signal is unnecessary in the single-user scenario,whereas it has a slight improvement in target detection performance at low SINR thresholds in the multi-user scenario.It is also shown that the stronger the correlation between radar and communication channels,the greater the performance gain of the system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52175509 and 52450158)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFF1500900)+2 种基金the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(Grant No.JCYJ20220818100412027)the Guangdong-Hong Kong Technology Cooperation Funding Scheme Category C Platform(Grant No.SGDX20230116093543005)the Innovation Project of Optics Valley Laboratory(Grant No.OVL2023PY003)。
文摘Point-of-care diagnostics and inline quantitative phase imaging(QPI)drive the demand for portable,ultra-miniaturized,and robust optical imaging and metrology systems.We propose and demonstrate a wavefront sensor integrated into a photonic integrated circuit,enabling single-shot optical phase retrieval.We implemented an integrated wavefront sensor array with a spatial resolution of 17μm and a numerical aperture of 0.1.Furthermore,we experimentally demonstrated the reconstruction of wavefronts defined by Zernike polynomials,specifically the first 14 terms(Z_(1)to Z_(14)),achieving an average root mean square error below 0.07.This advancement paves the way for fully integrated,portable,and robust optical imaging systems,facilitating integrated wavefront sensors in demanding applications such as point-of-care diagnostics,endoscopy,in situ QPI,and inline surface profile measurement.
基金supported by the grants from the Key Research and Development Program of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region in China(Grant No.2023B02017)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2024YFD2300703)+1 种基金the financial support from the Beijing Rural Revitalization Agricultural Science and Technology Project(Grant No.NY2401080000),BAIC01-2025the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University.
文摘Phytomelatonin,an emerging plant hormone,plays vital roles in plant growth,development,and stress adaptation(Arnao et al.,2022;Ullah et al.,2024).It acts both as a direct antioxidant and a signaling molecule,engaging complex networks and interacting with other phytohormones(Liu et al.,2022;Khan et al.,2023).Although phytomelatonin receptors(PMTRs)have been identified in many plants(Wei et al.,2018;Wang et al.,2022;Liu et al.,2025),the downstream signaling mechanisms,particularly receptor-mediated protein modifications and transcriptional regulation,remain poorly characterized.
基金funded by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(62264006,62574102)“Thousand Talents Program”of Yunnan Province for Young Talents,Innovative Research Teams(in Science and Technology)in the University of Yunnan Province(IRTSTYN),XingDian Talent Support Program for Young Talents,and Frontier Research Team of Kunming University 2023,The Basic Research Project of Yunnan Province(Nos.202201AU070022)+2 种基金Kunming University Talent Introduction Fund(Nos.YJL20024)Yunnan Province Education Department Scientific Research Fund Project(Nos.2024Y759)Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project of Yunnan Provincial(202411393005)。
文摘Carbon-based air cathodes offer low cost,high electrical conductivity,and structural tunability.However,they suffer from limited catalytic activity and inefficient gas transport,and they typically rely on noble metal additives or complex multilayer configurations.To tackle these issues,this study devised a self-activated integrated carbon-based air cathode.By integrating in situ catalytic site construction with structural optimization,the strategy not only induces the formation of oxygen functional groups(─C─OH,─C═O,─COOH),hierarchical pores,and uniformly distributed active sites,but also establishes a favorable electronic and mass-transport environment.Furthermore,the roll-pressing-based integrated design streamlines electrode construction,reinforces interfacial bonding,and significantly enhances mechanical stability.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations show that oxygen functional groups initiate hydrogen bonding interaction and promote charge enrichment,which improves the activity of the cathode and facilitates intermediate adsorption/desorption in oxygen reduction and evolution reactions processes.As a result,the integrated air cathode-based rechargeable zinc-air batteries(RZABs)achieve a high specific capacity of 811 mAh g^(-1).It also performs well in quasi-solid-state RZABs and silicon-air batteries systems across a wide temperature range,demonstrating strong adaptability and application potential.This study provides a scalable and cost-effective design strategy for high-performance carbon-based air cathodes,offering new insights into advancing durable and practical metal-air energy systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.T2325022,U23A2074,12204462,62275240,62435009,12474494,and 12204468)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.253 YSBR-049)+3 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province(Grant No.2022b1302007)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M753083)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(Grant No.BX20240353)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.WK2030000107,WK2030000108,and WK2030000081)。
文摘Programmable two-particle quantum walks are crucial for advancing quantum simulation,computation,and information processing.Although disorder is traditionally associated with information loss,it can also facilitate emergent phenomena such as enhanced energy transport.Here,we experimentally realize a 12-step discrete-time quantum walk in programmable integrated photonic circuits,introducing tunable static and dynamic disorder to explore quantum transport dynamics.In periodic lattices,disorder induces light localization and drives a transition from quantum ballistic to classical diffusive behavior.In particular,quantum walks of correlated photons exhibit a disorder-induced bunching effect,accompanied by enhanced nonclassical correlations.Our platform provides a scalable framework for investigating multiparticle quantum dynamics in engineered environments,promoting the development of quantum optics toward large-scale applications.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U25A20473,62222314)the YanZhao Young Scientist Project of Hebei Province(F2024203047)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(F2022203001,F2024203072)the State Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience(sglkt2025-7)the Education Department Foundation of Hebei Province(JCZX2025027)。
文摘Dear Editor,This letter studies the motion planning issue for an autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV)in obstacle environment.We propose a novel integrated detection-communication waveform that enables simultaneous obstacle detection and self-localization.
文摘Objective:To analyze the impact of improved emergency integrated nursing on the treatment effectiveness and safety of emergency trauma patients.Methods:Study duration:December 2024 to December 2025.Observation target:emergency trauma patients in our hospital.Sample size:92 cases.Using computer-based grouping,the 92 patients were divided into two equally sized groups:a control group of 46 patients who received conventional emergency nursing care,and an observation group of 46 patients who underwent an improved emergency integrated nursing model.The treatment-related indicators,treatment effectiveness,and incidence of adverse events were evaluated in both groups.Results:After intervention,the pre-hospital emergency care time,emergency diagnosis time,total emergency rescue duration,and examination waiting time in the control group were all longer than those in the observation group(p<0.05);the treatment effectiveness in the control group(effective rate:82.61%)was worse than that in the observation group(effective rate:95.65%),p<0.05;compared with the control group,the observation group had a lower incidence of adverse events,p<0.05.Conclusion:Implementing an improved emergency integrated nursing model for emergency trauma patients helps streamline the treatment process,enhance treatment effectiveness,and reduce the incidence of adverse events.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12272240)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program,China(No.XLYC2203197)。
文摘Traditional dynamic analysis of mechanical structures,often limited to individual beams or plates,fails to fully capture their dynamic behaviors.In systems where space and mass are constrained,such as the battery support structures in electric aircraft,conventional absorbers and isolators are insufficient for effective vibration control.This study simplifies the battery support structure of electric aircraft as an integrated composite beam consisting of three interconnected beams,and investigated its structural dynamics properties and nonlinear vibration control under thermal conditions caused by battery heat.The nonlinear vibration control is performed using the Nitinol steel wire ropes(Ni Ti-ST),with nonlinear damping properties.The natural frequencies of system are determined using the Rayleigh-Ritz technique.Theoretical results are validated through both Finite Element Method(FEM)and hammer tests.Moreover,the dynamic equations are derived using the Lagrange method and discretized via the Galerkin Truncation Method(GTM).The Harmonic Balance Method(HBM)is used to evaluate the vibration responses of the integrated model,with further verification through the Runge-Kutta Method(RKM).The experiments are conducted to corroborate the theoretical analysis.The results show that the system frequency changes in stages with the increase of the stiffness of the integrated composite beam connection.Especially in the case of varying environments,as the temperature increases,the frequency of system will first increase to a certain maximum value and then gradually decrease.Furthermore,the NiTi-ST effectively reduces vibration in the integrated composite beam,particularly under varying temperatures and external excitations.
文摘In recent years,with the accelerating aging process of the population,China has entered an aging society,and the number of elderly patients with chronic diseases has been increasing.The traditional medical and elderly care service models can no longer fully meet their needs.The integrated medical and elderly care model has emerged as the times require.It organically combines medical resources with elderly care resources to provide comprehensive and continuous health management services for the elderly,becoming an important approach to solving the problems of chronic disease management among the elderly.In this regard,this paper first elaborates on the role of integrated medical and elderly care in the management of chronic diseases among the elderly,and then puts forward application strategies of integrated medical and elderly care in the management of chronic diseases among the elderly,in order to provide certain reference for relevant researchers.
