The China comprehensive inspection train(CIT)is designed for evaluating railway infrastructure to ensure safe railway operations.The CIT integrates an array of inspection devices,capable of simultaneously assessing ra...The China comprehensive inspection train(CIT)is designed for evaluating railway infrastructure to ensure safe railway operations.The CIT integrates an array of inspection devices,capable of simultaneously assessing railway health condition parameters.The CIT450,representing the second generation,can reach a top speed of 450 km/h with inspection on the infrastructure.This paper begins by outlining the global evolution of inspection trains.It then focuses on the critical technologies underlying the CIT450,which include:(1)real-time inspection data acquisition with spatial and temporal synchronization;(2)intelligent fusion and centralized management of multi-source inspection data,enabling remote supervision of the inspection process;(3)technologies in inspecting track,train–track interaction,catenary,signalling systems,and train operating environment;and(4)AI-driven analysis and correlation of inspection data.The future developmental directions for comprehensive inspection trains are discussed finally.The CIT450’s approach to real-time railway health monitoring can enrich traditional inspection means,operational,and maintenance methods by enhancing inspection efficiency and automating railway maintenance.展开更多
To improve the efficiency and accuracy of path planning for fan inspection tasks in thermal power plants,this paper proposes an intelligent inspection robot path planning scheme based on an improved A^(*)algorithm.The...To improve the efficiency and accuracy of path planning for fan inspection tasks in thermal power plants,this paper proposes an intelligent inspection robot path planning scheme based on an improved A^(*)algorithm.The inspection robot utilizes multiple sensors to monitor key parameters of the fans,such as vibration,noise,and bearing temperature,and upload the data to the monitoring center.The robot’s inspection path employs the improved A^(*)algorithm,incorporating obstacle penalty terms,path reconstruction,and smoothing optimization techniques,thereby achieving optimal path planning for the inspection robot in complex environments.Simulation results demonstrate that the improved A^(*)algorithm significantly outperforms the traditional A^(*)algorithm in terms of total path distance,smoothness,and detour rate,effectively improving the execution efficiency of inspection tasks.展开更多
This paper comprehensively explores the impulsive on-orbit inspection game problem utilizing reinforcement learning and game training methods.The purpose of the spacecraft is to inspect the entire surface of a non-coo...This paper comprehensively explores the impulsive on-orbit inspection game problem utilizing reinforcement learning and game training methods.The purpose of the spacecraft is to inspect the entire surface of a non-cooperative target with active maneuverability in front lighting.First,the impulsive orbital game problem is formulated as a turn-based sequential game problem.Second,several typical relative orbit transfers are encapsulated into modules to construct a parameterized action space containing discrete modules and continuous parameters,and multi-pass deep Q-networks(MPDQN)algorithm is used to implement autonomous decision-making.Then,a curriculum learning method is used to gradually increase the difficulty of the training scenario.The backtracking proportional self-play training framework is used to enhance the agent’s ability to defeat inconsistent strategies by building a pool of opponents.The behavior variations of the agents during training indicate that the intelligent game system gradually evolves towards an equilibrium situation.The restraint relations between the agents show that the agents steadily improve the strategy.The influence of various factors on game results is tested.展开更多
Purpose–This paper aims to systematically review the evolution of inspection technologies and equipment for heavy-haul railway infrastructure,with a focus on China’s Shuohuang Railway and Daqin Railway.It summarizes...Purpose–This paper aims to systematically review the evolution of inspection technologies and equipment for heavy-haul railway infrastructure,with a focus on China’s Shuohuang Railway and Daqin Railway.It summarizes the technological progression from traditional manual inspections to integrated and intelligent inspection systems,analyzes their practical application outcomes and outlines future research directions to support the safe,efficient and sustainable operation of heavy-haul railways.Design/methodology/approach–The study employs a combination of historical and empirical analysis,primarily drawing on academic literature and operational data from Shuohuang Railway.The development of inspection technologies is categorized into two distinct phases:traditional inspection and integrated inspection.The comprehensive effectiveness of these technologies is evaluated based on actual inspection efficiency,defect detection capability,cost savings and other relevant data.Findings–The adoption of integrated inspection vehicles has significantly improved inspection efficiency and accuracy.In 2014,the world’s first heavy-haul integrated inspection vehicle enabled synchronous multidisciplinary inspections,greatly reducing reliance on manual labor.By 2024,the intelligent heavy-haul integrated inspection vehicle further enhanced detection precision by 30%.Practical applications demonstrate that the annual number of track defects decreased from 25,000 to 3,800,while the track quality index(TQI)remained stable below 6 mm.Additionally,annual maintenance costs were reduced by more than 40 m yuan.Originality/value–This paper provides the first systematic review of the development of inspection technologies for heavy-haul railway infrastructure,highlighting China’s leading achievements in integrated and intelligent inspection.It clarifies the practical value of these technologies in enhancing safety,reducing costs and optimizing maintenance operations.Furthermore,it proposes future directions for development,including system integration,onboard computing capabilities and unmanned operations,offering valuable insights for technological innovation and policymaking in the field.展开更多
This study explores the feasibility of electromagnetic acoustic transducers(EMATs)for ultrasonic rail inspection,focusing on bulk wave generation from the rail head and on defect detection at the central part of the r...This study explores the feasibility of electromagnetic acoustic transducers(EMATs)for ultrasonic rail inspection,focusing on bulk wave generation from the rail head and on defect detection at the central part of the rail foot.As a contactless method,EMATs could overcome some known limitations of conventional ultrasonic techniques,but require further validation.Differ-ent campaigns of experimental tests were performed,evaluating,by means of a probability of detection approach,the response of the technique to several artificial semi-elliptical flaws of increasing size and by considering two sensors characterized by different working frequencies.In contact,static tests allowed to assess the basic feasibility of the inspection technique and showed a linear response to defect size,saturating when defect width exceeded the rail web thickness.Dynamic tests allowed to introduce the effects of lift-off on signal responses.During all tests,the higher-frequency sensor outperformed the lower-frequency one.Finally,full-scale bogie tests on an indoor permanent track installation,comprehensive of defec-tive rails,confirmed the higher flaw detection rates of the higher-frequency sensor,with minimal detection failures despite occasional false alarms.EMATs showed encouraging results for in-motion rail inspection:with further technical development and optimization,this technique could enhance ultrasonic rail inspection by diagnostic trains.展开更多
To meet the demand for intelligent and unmanned development in thermal power plants,an intelligent inspection system has been designed.This system efficiently performs inspection tasks and monitors the operational par...To meet the demand for intelligent and unmanned development in thermal power plants,an intelligent inspection system has been designed.This system efficiently performs inspection tasks and monitors the operational parameters of key equipment in real-time.The collected data is uploaded to the monitoring center,allowing operation and maintenance personnel to access equipment information promptly.Data analysis is used to provide fault warning and diagnosis for critical equipment.The system employs the Pure Pursuit algorithm,which effectively avoids obstacles and ensures path continuity and stability.Simulation results show that the Pure Pursuit algorithm significantly improves the navigation accuracy and task efficiency of the inspection robot,ensuring the reliability of thermal power plant inspections.展开更多
Sewer pipe condition assessment by performing regular inspections is crucial for ensuring the systems’effective operation and maintenance.CCTV(closed-circuit television)is widely employed in North America to examine ...Sewer pipe condition assessment by performing regular inspections is crucial for ensuring the systems’effective operation and maintenance.CCTV(closed-circuit television)is widely employed in North America to examine the internal conditions of sewage pipes.Due to the extensive inventory of pipes and associated costs,it is not practical for municipalities to conduct inspections on each sanitary sewage pipe section.According to the ASCE(American Society of Civil Engineers)infrastructure report published in 2021,combined investment needs for water and wastewater systems are estimated to be$150 billion during 2016-2025.Therefore,new solutions are needed to fill the trillion-dollar investment gap to improve the existing water and wastewater infrastructure for the coming years.ML(machine learning)based prediction model development is an effective method for predicting the condition of sewer pipes.In this research,sewer pipe inspection data from several municipalities are collected,which include variables such as pipe material,age,diameter,length,soil type,slope of construction,and PACP(Pipeline Assessment Certification Program)score.These sewer pipe data exhibit a severe imbalance in pipes’PACP scores,which is considered the target variable in the development of models.Due to this imbalanced dataset,the performance of the sewer prediction model is poor.This paper,therefore,aims to employ oversampling and hyperparameter tuning techniques to treat the imbalanced data and improve the model’s performance significantly.Utility owners and municipal asset managers can utilize the developed models to make more informed decisions on future inspections of sewer pipelines.展开更多
Inspection is a fundamental task for water plants,yet traditional methods are often labor-intensive,time-consuming,and costly.The rapid advancement of drone technology has significantly transformed environmental inspe...Inspection is a fundamental task for water plants,yet traditional methods are often labor-intensive,time-consuming,and costly.The rapid advancement of drone technology has significantly transformed environmental inspections,particularly in water plant assessments.Digital twins enhance modeling and simulation capabilities by integrating real-time data and feedback.This paper presents an intelligent water plant detection system based on YOLOv10 and drone technology.The system aims to monitor environmental conditions around water facilities and automatically identify anomalies in real time.The design utilizes dataset images of construction vehicles,maintenance hole covers,and pipe leaks collected from publicly accessible websites.The system integrates real-time drone inspection data into a digital twin platform for dynamic monitoring.展开更多
In a high-voltage environment of 40kV where no one is working,inspection robots must have an automatic charging system to ensure continuous operation.Currently,inspection robots operating in such high-voltage environm...In a high-voltage environment of 40kV where no one is working,inspection robots must have an automatic charging system to ensure continuous operation.Currently,inspection robots operating in such high-voltage environments mostly use side-by-side alignment for docking.Given the existence of magnetic track navigation errors in robots,this docking method often fails to achieve successful docking.In response to this situation,this paper designs a new docking module.展开更多
This paper introduces the relevant content of construction quality inspection standards for office buildings,including their differences and special requirements of general buildings.It elaborates on the application o...This paper introduces the relevant content of construction quality inspection standards for office buildings,including their differences and special requirements of general buildings.It elaborates on the application of BIM technology and the PDCA cycle model in each stage of construction,emphasizes the importance of technical management system construction,and also discusses the influence and optimization path of prefabricated buildings and LEED certification on the standards.展开更多
In this modern era,with the rise of“Internet+education”,colleges and universities have actively responded by using information technology to improve teaching models,introducing platforms such as Chaoxing Learning Pa...In this modern era,with the rise of“Internet+education”,colleges and universities have actively responded by using information technology to improve teaching models,introducing platforms such as Chaoxing Learning Pass,Rain Classroom,and MOOCs to carry out online teaching.A new online teaching model for the“Parasite Inspection”course from the perspective of digital education has been initially explored,which has improved the teaching quality of the course.Based on this,this paper will outline the“Parasite Inspection”course from the perspective of digital education and its current teaching situation,and discuss the promotion strategies for the online teaching reform of the“Parasite Inspection”course under the perspective of digital education.展开更多
To address the limitations of traditional manual highway guardrail inspections,this paper proposes an obstacle-crossing and collaborative tracking control method for a rail-mounted robot.Static and dynamic analyses ve...To address the limitations of traditional manual highway guardrail inspections,this paper proposes an obstacle-crossing and collaborative tracking control method for a rail-mounted robot.Static and dynamic analyses verify the robot's structural reliability and driving feasibility.Based on the leader-follower model,a triangular collaborative tracking model is developed,and a linear time-varying model predictive controll(LTV-MPC)is designed to achieve smooth and precise collaborative control.For obstacle crossing,an acceleration reference model and a gradient-based adaptive law are proposed,leading to a model reference adaptive controll(MRAC)that effectively suppresses vibrations and ensures synchronous control.Simulation results show that the MPC achieves a 0.415%overshoot and a 0.344 m steady-state accuracy,while also reducing the intensity of speed fluctuations by 35%.The MRAC ensures smooth obstacle-crossing speeds and adaptive strategy switching,validating the reliability and practicality of the rail-mounted robot under complex working conditions.展开更多
Objective To determine the correlation between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)inspec-tion of spirit classification and the severity grade of depression based on facial features,offer-ing insights for intelligent int...Objective To determine the correlation between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)inspec-tion of spirit classification and the severity grade of depression based on facial features,offer-ing insights for intelligent intergrated TCM and western medicine diagnosis of depression.Methods Using the Audio-Visual Emotion Challenge and Workshop(AVEC 2014)public dataset on depression,which conclude 150 interview videos,the samples were classified ac-cording to the TCM inspection of spirit classification:Deshen(得神,presence of spirit),Shaoshen(少神,insufficiency of spirit),and Shenluan(神乱,confusion of spirit).Meanwhile,based on Beck Depression Inventory-II(BDI-II)score for the severity grade of depression,the samples were divided into minimal(0-13,Q1),mild(14-19,Q2),moderate(20-28,Q3),and severe(29-63,Q4).Sixty-eight landmarks were extracted with a ResNet-50 network,and the feature extracion mode was stadardized.Random forest and support vectior machine(SVM)classifiers were used to predict TCM inspection of spirit classification and the severity grade of depression,respectively.A Chi-square test and Apriori association rule mining were then applied to quantify and explore the relationships.Results The analysis revealed a statistically significant and moderately strong association be-tween TCM spirit classification and the severity grade of depression,as confirmed by a Chi-square test(χ^(2)=14.04,P=0.029)with a Cramer’s V effect size of 0.243.Further exploration us-ing association rule mining identified the most compelling rule:“moderate depression(Q3)→Shenluan”.This rule demonstrated a support level of 5%,indicating this specific co-occur-rence was present in 5%of the cohort.Crucially,it achieved a high Confidence of 86%,mean-ing that among patients diagnosed with Q3,86%exhibited the Shenluan pattern according to TCM assessment.The substantial Lift of 2.37 signifies that the observed likelihood of Shenlu-an manifesting in Q3 patients is 2.37 times higher than would be expected by chance if these states were independent-compelling evidence of a highly non-random association.Conse-quently,Shenluan emerges as a distinct and core TCM diagnostic manifestation strongly linked to Q3,forming a clinically significant phenotype within this patient subgroup.展开更多
Defect inspection of specular curved surface is a challenging job. Taking steel balls for example, a new method based on reflected pattern integrity recognition is put forward. The specular steel ball surfac...Defect inspection of specular curved surface is a challenging job. Taking steel balls for example, a new method based on reflected pattern integrity recognition is put forward. The specular steel ball surface will totally reflect the patterns when it is placed inside a dome-shaped light source, whose inner wall is modified by patterns with certain regular. Distortion or intermittence of reflected pattern will occur at the defective part, which indicates the pattern has lost its integrity. Based on the integrity analysis of reflected pattern images？ surface defects can be revealed. In this paper, a set of concentric circles are used as the pattern and an image processing algorithm is customized to extract the surface defects. Results show that the proposed method is effective for the specular curved surface defect inspection展开更多
Log volume inspection is very important in forestry research and paper making engineering. This paper proposed a novel approach based on computer vision technology to cope with log volume inspection. The needed hardwa...Log volume inspection is very important in forestry research and paper making engineering. This paper proposed a novel approach based on computer vision technology to cope with log volume inspection. The needed hardware system was analyzed and the details of the inspection algorithms were given. A fuzzy entropy based on image enhancement algorithm was presented for enhancing the image of the cross-section of log. In many practical applications the cross-section is often partially invisible, and this is the major obstacle for correct inspection. To solve this problem, a robust Hausdorff distance method was proposed to recover the whole cross-section. Experiment results showed that this method was efficient.展开更多
An objectifying system for color inspections of traditional Chinese medicine （CITCM） is developed. The entire system includes two parts ： The hardware and the software. The hardware is an image acquiring device und...An objectifying system for color inspections of traditional Chinese medicine （CITCM） is developed. The entire system includes two parts ： The hardware and the software. The hardware is an image acquiring device under a standard lighting condition, and it mainly includes a xenon lamp with color temperature of 5 500 K as light source, an integrating sphere used for diffusing light and a high resolution CCD camera. The software is used for digital image processing, and the procedure is divided into three steps. Firstly the skin/non-skin classifi- cation is performed by utilizing the threshold in chrominance channels of the RGB color space. Secondly, the fa- cial features are localized by using the image segmentation and coordinates sorting. Finally, the facial special re- gion（SR） corresponding to five internal organs is achieved by utilizing masks designed to take advantage of mor- phology. Subsequently, the chromaticity is calculated. The system is tested by taking 83 samples of 30 young and 53 elderly people. The experiment shows that there is significant difference of all SRs between the young and the elderly, and the system has better performance for objectifying research of CITCM.展开更多
According to the failure characteristics of aircraft structure, a delay-time model is an effective method to optimize maintenance for aircraft structure. To imitate the practical situation as much as possible, imperfe...According to the failure characteristics of aircraft structure, a delay-time model is an effective method to optimize maintenance for aircraft structure. To imitate the practical situation as much as possible, imperfect inspections, thresholds and repeated intervals are concerned in delay-time models. Since the suggestion by the existing delay-time models that the inspections are implemented in an infinite time span lacks practical value, a de- lay-time model with imperfect inspection within a finite time span is proposed. In the model, the nonhomogenous Poisson process is adopted to obtain the renewal probabilities between two different successive inspections on de- fects or failures. An algorithm is applied based on the Nelder-Mead downhill simplex method to solve the model. Finally, a numerical example proves the validity and effectiveness of the model.展开更多
Parts with high-quality freeform surfaces have been widely used in industries,which require strict quality control during the manufacturing process.Among all the industrial inspection methods,contact measurement with ...Parts with high-quality freeform surfaces have been widely used in industries,which require strict quality control during the manufacturing process.Among all the industrial inspection methods,contact measurement with coordinate measuring machines or computer numerical control machine tool is a fundamental technique due to its high accuracy,robustness,and universality.In this paper,the existing research in the contact measurement field is systematically reviewed.First,different configurations of the measuring machines are introduced in detail,which may have influence on the corresponding sampling and inspection path generation criteria.Then,the entire inspection pipeline is divided into two stages,namely the pre-inspection and post-inspection stages.The typical methods of each sub-stage are systematically overviewed and classified,including sampling,accessibility analysis,inspection path generation,probe tip radius compensation,surface reconstruction,and uncertainty analysis.Apart from those classical research,the applications of the emerging deep learning technique in some specific tasks of measurement are introduced.Furthermore,some potential and promising trends are provided for future investigation.展开更多
With the rapid development of information technologies such as digital twin, extended reality, and blockchain,the hype around "metaverse" is increasing at astronomical speed. However, much attention has been...With the rapid development of information technologies such as digital twin, extended reality, and blockchain,the hype around "metaverse" is increasing at astronomical speed. However, much attention has been paid to its entertainment and social functions. Considering the openness and interoperability of metaverses, the market of quality inspection promises explosive growth. In this paper, taking advantage of metaverses, we first propose the concept of Automated Quality Inspection(Auto QI), which performs integrated inspection covering the entire manufacturing process, including Quality of Materials, Quality of Manufacturing(Qo M), Quality of Products, Quality of Processes(Qo P), Quality of Systems, and Quality of Services(Qo S). Based on the scenarios engineering theory, we discuss how to perform interactions between metaverses and the physical world for virtual design instruction and physical validation feedback. Then we introduce a bottomup inspection device development workflow with productivity tools offered by metaverses, making development more effective and efficient than ever. As the core of quality inspection,we propose Quality Transformers to complete detection task,while federated learning is integrated to regulate data sharing.In summary, we point out the development directions of quality inspection under metaverse tide.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52272427)the Technology Research and Development Program of China National Railway Group(Grant No.K2021T015)Development Plan of China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Ltd.(Grant No.2022YJ256)。
文摘The China comprehensive inspection train(CIT)is designed for evaluating railway infrastructure to ensure safe railway operations.The CIT integrates an array of inspection devices,capable of simultaneously assessing railway health condition parameters.The CIT450,representing the second generation,can reach a top speed of 450 km/h with inspection on the infrastructure.This paper begins by outlining the global evolution of inspection trains.It then focuses on the critical technologies underlying the CIT450,which include:(1)real-time inspection data acquisition with spatial and temporal synchronization;(2)intelligent fusion and centralized management of multi-source inspection data,enabling remote supervision of the inspection process;(3)technologies in inspecting track,train–track interaction,catenary,signalling systems,and train operating environment;and(4)AI-driven analysis and correlation of inspection data.The future developmental directions for comprehensive inspection trains are discussed finally.The CIT450’s approach to real-time railway health monitoring can enrich traditional inspection means,operational,and maintenance methods by enhancing inspection efficiency and automating railway maintenance.
文摘To improve the efficiency and accuracy of path planning for fan inspection tasks in thermal power plants,this paper proposes an intelligent inspection robot path planning scheme based on an improved A^(*)algorithm.The inspection robot utilizes multiple sensors to monitor key parameters of the fans,such as vibration,noise,and bearing temperature,and upload the data to the monitoring center.The robot’s inspection path employs the improved A^(*)algorithm,incorporating obstacle penalty terms,path reconstruction,and smoothing optimization techniques,thereby achieving optimal path planning for the inspection robot in complex environments.Simulation results demonstrate that the improved A^(*)algorithm significantly outperforms the traditional A^(*)algorithm in terms of total path distance,smoothness,and detour rate,effectively improving the execution efficiency of inspection tasks.
文摘This paper comprehensively explores the impulsive on-orbit inspection game problem utilizing reinforcement learning and game training methods.The purpose of the spacecraft is to inspect the entire surface of a non-cooperative target with active maneuverability in front lighting.First,the impulsive orbital game problem is formulated as a turn-based sequential game problem.Second,several typical relative orbit transfers are encapsulated into modules to construct a parameterized action space containing discrete modules and continuous parameters,and multi-pass deep Q-networks(MPDQN)algorithm is used to implement autonomous decision-making.Then,a curriculum learning method is used to gradually increase the difficulty of the training scenario.The backtracking proportional self-play training framework is used to enhance the agent’s ability to defeat inconsistent strategies by building a pool of opponents.The behavior variations of the agents during training indicate that the intelligent game system gradually evolves towards an equilibrium situation.The restraint relations between the agents show that the agents steadily improve the strategy.The influence of various factors on game results is tested.
基金supported by 2020 Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shuo-Huang Railway Development Company(SHTL-20-12).
文摘Purpose–This paper aims to systematically review the evolution of inspection technologies and equipment for heavy-haul railway infrastructure,with a focus on China’s Shuohuang Railway and Daqin Railway.It summarizes the technological progression from traditional manual inspections to integrated and intelligent inspection systems,analyzes their practical application outcomes and outlines future research directions to support the safe,efficient and sustainable operation of heavy-haul railways.Design/methodology/approach–The study employs a combination of historical and empirical analysis,primarily drawing on academic literature and operational data from Shuohuang Railway.The development of inspection technologies is categorized into two distinct phases:traditional inspection and integrated inspection.The comprehensive effectiveness of these technologies is evaluated based on actual inspection efficiency,defect detection capability,cost savings and other relevant data.Findings–The adoption of integrated inspection vehicles has significantly improved inspection efficiency and accuracy.In 2014,the world’s first heavy-haul integrated inspection vehicle enabled synchronous multidisciplinary inspections,greatly reducing reliance on manual labor.By 2024,the intelligent heavy-haul integrated inspection vehicle further enhanced detection precision by 30%.Practical applications demonstrate that the annual number of track defects decreased from 25,000 to 3,800,while the track quality index(TQI)remained stable below 6 mm.Additionally,annual maintenance costs were reduced by more than 40 m yuan.Originality/value–This paper provides the first systematic review of the development of inspection technologies for heavy-haul railway infrastructure,highlighting China’s leading achievements in integrated and intelligent inspection.It clarifies the practical value of these technologies in enhancing safety,reducing costs and optimizing maintenance operations.Furthermore,it proposes future directions for development,including system integration,onboard computing capabilities and unmanned operations,offering valuable insights for technological innovation and policymaking in the field.
基金funded in the frame of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) Trasporti, established at Fondazione Politecnico di Milano, through contract C40/2019 “JRC Trasporti-Metodologie per l’ispezione delle rotaie nei riguardi della formazione di cricche”
文摘This study explores the feasibility of electromagnetic acoustic transducers(EMATs)for ultrasonic rail inspection,focusing on bulk wave generation from the rail head and on defect detection at the central part of the rail foot.As a contactless method,EMATs could overcome some known limitations of conventional ultrasonic techniques,but require further validation.Differ-ent campaigns of experimental tests were performed,evaluating,by means of a probability of detection approach,the response of the technique to several artificial semi-elliptical flaws of increasing size and by considering two sensors characterized by different working frequencies.In contact,static tests allowed to assess the basic feasibility of the inspection technique and showed a linear response to defect size,saturating when defect width exceeded the rail web thickness.Dynamic tests allowed to introduce the effects of lift-off on signal responses.During all tests,the higher-frequency sensor outperformed the lower-frequency one.Finally,full-scale bogie tests on an indoor permanent track installation,comprehensive of defec-tive rails,confirmed the higher flaw detection rates of the higher-frequency sensor,with minimal detection failures despite occasional false alarms.EMATs showed encouraging results for in-motion rail inspection:with further technical development and optimization,this technique could enhance ultrasonic rail inspection by diagnostic trains.
文摘To meet the demand for intelligent and unmanned development in thermal power plants,an intelligent inspection system has been designed.This system efficiently performs inspection tasks and monitors the operational parameters of key equipment in real-time.The collected data is uploaded to the monitoring center,allowing operation and maintenance personnel to access equipment information promptly.Data analysis is used to provide fault warning and diagnosis for critical equipment.The system employs the Pure Pursuit algorithm,which effectively avoids obstacles and ensures path continuity and stability.Simulation results show that the Pure Pursuit algorithm significantly improves the navigation accuracy and task efficiency of the inspection robot,ensuring the reliability of thermal power plant inspections.
文摘Sewer pipe condition assessment by performing regular inspections is crucial for ensuring the systems’effective operation and maintenance.CCTV(closed-circuit television)is widely employed in North America to examine the internal conditions of sewage pipes.Due to the extensive inventory of pipes and associated costs,it is not practical for municipalities to conduct inspections on each sanitary sewage pipe section.According to the ASCE(American Society of Civil Engineers)infrastructure report published in 2021,combined investment needs for water and wastewater systems are estimated to be$150 billion during 2016-2025.Therefore,new solutions are needed to fill the trillion-dollar investment gap to improve the existing water and wastewater infrastructure for the coming years.ML(machine learning)based prediction model development is an effective method for predicting the condition of sewer pipes.In this research,sewer pipe inspection data from several municipalities are collected,which include variables such as pipe material,age,diameter,length,soil type,slope of construction,and PACP(Pipeline Assessment Certification Program)score.These sewer pipe data exhibit a severe imbalance in pipes’PACP scores,which is considered the target variable in the development of models.Due to this imbalanced dataset,the performance of the sewer prediction model is poor.This paper,therefore,aims to employ oversampling and hyperparameter tuning techniques to treat the imbalanced data and improve the model’s performance significantly.Utility owners and municipal asset managers can utilize the developed models to make more informed decisions on future inspections of sewer pipelines.
文摘Inspection is a fundamental task for water plants,yet traditional methods are often labor-intensive,time-consuming,and costly.The rapid advancement of drone technology has significantly transformed environmental inspections,particularly in water plant assessments.Digital twins enhance modeling and simulation capabilities by integrating real-time data and feedback.This paper presents an intelligent water plant detection system based on YOLOv10 and drone technology.The system aims to monitor environmental conditions around water facilities and automatically identify anomalies in real time.The design utilizes dataset images of construction vehicles,maintenance hole covers,and pipe leaks collected from publicly accessible websites.The system integrates real-time drone inspection data into a digital twin platform for dynamic monitoring.
文摘In a high-voltage environment of 40kV where no one is working,inspection robots must have an automatic charging system to ensure continuous operation.Currently,inspection robots operating in such high-voltage environments mostly use side-by-side alignment for docking.Given the existence of magnetic track navigation errors in robots,this docking method often fails to achieve successful docking.In response to this situation,this paper designs a new docking module.
文摘This paper introduces the relevant content of construction quality inspection standards for office buildings,including their differences and special requirements of general buildings.It elaborates on the application of BIM technology and the PDCA cycle model in each stage of construction,emphasizes the importance of technical management system construction,and also discusses the influence and optimization path of prefabricated buildings and LEED certification on the standards.
基金Qilu Medical University School-Level Teaching Reform Research Project(Project No.:XJJY2419)。
文摘In this modern era,with the rise of“Internet+education”,colleges and universities have actively responded by using information technology to improve teaching models,introducing platforms such as Chaoxing Learning Pass,Rain Classroom,and MOOCs to carry out online teaching.A new online teaching model for the“Parasite Inspection”course from the perspective of digital education has been initially explored,which has improved the teaching quality of the course.Based on this,this paper will outline the“Parasite Inspection”course from the perspective of digital education and its current teaching situation,and discuss the promotion strategies for the online teaching reform of the“Parasite Inspection”course under the perspective of digital education.
基金Supported by the Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program(2024GX-YBXM-288)the Science and Technology Project of Shaanxi Provincial Transportation Department(21-20K)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172324)。
文摘To address the limitations of traditional manual highway guardrail inspections,this paper proposes an obstacle-crossing and collaborative tracking control method for a rail-mounted robot.Static and dynamic analyses verify the robot's structural reliability and driving feasibility.Based on the leader-follower model,a triangular collaborative tracking model is developed,and a linear time-varying model predictive controll(LTV-MPC)is designed to achieve smooth and precise collaborative control.For obstacle crossing,an acceleration reference model and a gradient-based adaptive law are proposed,leading to a model reference adaptive controll(MRAC)that effectively suppresses vibrations and ensures synchronous control.Simulation results show that the MPC achieves a 0.415%overshoot and a 0.344 m steady-state accuracy,while also reducing the intensity of speed fluctuations by 35%.The MRAC ensures smooth obstacle-crossing speeds and adaptive strategy switching,validating the reliability and practicality of the rail-mounted robot under complex working conditions.
基金Research and Development Plan of Key Areas of Hunan Science and Technology Department (2022SK2044)Clinical Research Center for Depressive Disorder in Hunan Province (2021SK4022)。
文摘Objective To determine the correlation between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)inspec-tion of spirit classification and the severity grade of depression based on facial features,offer-ing insights for intelligent intergrated TCM and western medicine diagnosis of depression.Methods Using the Audio-Visual Emotion Challenge and Workshop(AVEC 2014)public dataset on depression,which conclude 150 interview videos,the samples were classified ac-cording to the TCM inspection of spirit classification:Deshen(得神,presence of spirit),Shaoshen(少神,insufficiency of spirit),and Shenluan(神乱,confusion of spirit).Meanwhile,based on Beck Depression Inventory-II(BDI-II)score for the severity grade of depression,the samples were divided into minimal(0-13,Q1),mild(14-19,Q2),moderate(20-28,Q3),and severe(29-63,Q4).Sixty-eight landmarks were extracted with a ResNet-50 network,and the feature extracion mode was stadardized.Random forest and support vectior machine(SVM)classifiers were used to predict TCM inspection of spirit classification and the severity grade of depression,respectively.A Chi-square test and Apriori association rule mining were then applied to quantify and explore the relationships.Results The analysis revealed a statistically significant and moderately strong association be-tween TCM spirit classification and the severity grade of depression,as confirmed by a Chi-square test(χ^(2)=14.04,P=0.029)with a Cramer’s V effect size of 0.243.Further exploration us-ing association rule mining identified the most compelling rule:“moderate depression(Q3)→Shenluan”.This rule demonstrated a support level of 5%,indicating this specific co-occur-rence was present in 5%of the cohort.Crucially,it achieved a high Confidence of 86%,mean-ing that among patients diagnosed with Q3,86%exhibited the Shenluan pattern according to TCM assessment.The substantial Lift of 2.37 signifies that the observed likelihood of Shenlu-an manifesting in Q3 patients is 2.37 times higher than would be expected by chance if these states were independent-compelling evidence of a highly non-random association.Conse-quently,Shenluan emerges as a distinct and core TCM diagnostic manifestation strongly linked to Q3,forming a clinically significant phenotype within this patient subgroup.
基金Tianjin Research Program of Application Foundation and Advanced Technology(No.14JCYBJC18600,No.14JCZDJC39700)National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Project(No.2013YQ17053903)
文摘Defect inspection of specular curved surface is a challenging job. Taking steel balls for example, a new method based on reflected pattern integrity recognition is put forward. The specular steel ball surface will totally reflect the patterns when it is placed inside a dome-shaped light source, whose inner wall is modified by patterns with certain regular. Distortion or intermittence of reflected pattern will occur at the defective part, which indicates the pattern has lost its integrity. Based on the integrity analysis of reflected pattern images？ surface defects can be revealed. In this paper, a set of concentric circles are used as the pattern and an image processing algorithm is customized to extract the surface defects. Results show that the proposed method is effective for the specular curved surface defect inspection
文摘Log volume inspection is very important in forestry research and paper making engineering. This paper proposed a novel approach based on computer vision technology to cope with log volume inspection. The needed hardware system was analyzed and the details of the inspection algorithms were given. A fuzzy entropy based on image enhancement algorithm was presented for enhancing the image of the cross-section of log. In many practical applications the cross-section is often partially invisible, and this is the major obstacle for correct inspection. To solve this problem, a robust Hausdorff distance method was proposed to recover the whole cross-section. Experiment results showed that this method was efficient.
基金Supported by the Innovation Team Fund of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronauticsthe Chinese Medical Association Research Project(S10)~~
文摘An objectifying system for color inspections of traditional Chinese medicine （CITCM） is developed. The entire system includes two parts ： The hardware and the software. The hardware is an image acquiring device under a standard lighting condition, and it mainly includes a xenon lamp with color temperature of 5 500 K as light source, an integrating sphere used for diffusing light and a high resolution CCD camera. The software is used for digital image processing, and the procedure is divided into three steps. Firstly the skin/non-skin classifi- cation is performed by utilizing the threshold in chrominance channels of the RGB color space. Secondly, the fa- cial features are localized by using the image segmentation and coordinates sorting. Finally, the facial special re- gion（SR） corresponding to five internal organs is achieved by utilizing masks designed to take advantage of mor- phology. Subsequently, the chromaticity is calculated. The system is tested by taking 83 samples of 30 young and 53 elderly people. The experiment shows that there is significant difference of all SRs between the young and the elderly, and the system has better performance for objectifying research of CITCM.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61079013)the Natural Science Fund Project in Jiangsu Province(BK2011737)~~
文摘According to the failure characteristics of aircraft structure, a delay-time model is an effective method to optimize maintenance for aircraft structure. To imitate the practical situation as much as possible, imperfect inspections, thresholds and repeated intervals are concerned in delay-time models. Since the suggestion by the existing delay-time models that the inspections are implemented in an infinite time span lacks practical value, a de- lay-time model with imperfect inspection within a finite time span is proposed. In the model, the nonhomogenous Poisson process is adopted to obtain the renewal probabilities between two different successive inspections on de- fects or failures. An algorithm is applied based on the Nelder-Mead downhill simplex method to solve the model. Finally, a numerical example proves the validity and effectiveness of the model.
基金partially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.22ZR1435200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52075337)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing and Equipment Technology,HUST(Grant No.DMETKF2022010)。
文摘Parts with high-quality freeform surfaces have been widely used in industries,which require strict quality control during the manufacturing process.Among all the industrial inspection methods,contact measurement with coordinate measuring machines or computer numerical control machine tool is a fundamental technique due to its high accuracy,robustness,and universality.In this paper,the existing research in the contact measurement field is systematically reviewed.First,different configurations of the measuring machines are introduced in detail,which may have influence on the corresponding sampling and inspection path generation criteria.Then,the entire inspection pipeline is divided into two stages,namely the pre-inspection and post-inspection stages.The typical methods of each sub-stage are systematically overviewed and classified,including sampling,accessibility analysis,inspection path generation,probe tip radius compensation,surface reconstruction,and uncertainty analysis.Apart from those classical research,the applications of the emerging deep learning technique in some specific tasks of measurement are introduced.Furthermore,some potential and promising trends are provided for future investigation.
基金supported by Optima Collaborative Research Project of Defect Detection Algorithm for Automated Optical Inspection±Phase IIthe Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2020B0909050001,2020B090921003)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(2021402011)。
文摘With the rapid development of information technologies such as digital twin, extended reality, and blockchain,the hype around "metaverse" is increasing at astronomical speed. However, much attention has been paid to its entertainment and social functions. Considering the openness and interoperability of metaverses, the market of quality inspection promises explosive growth. In this paper, taking advantage of metaverses, we first propose the concept of Automated Quality Inspection(Auto QI), which performs integrated inspection covering the entire manufacturing process, including Quality of Materials, Quality of Manufacturing(Qo M), Quality of Products, Quality of Processes(Qo P), Quality of Systems, and Quality of Services(Qo S). Based on the scenarios engineering theory, we discuss how to perform interactions between metaverses and the physical world for virtual design instruction and physical validation feedback. Then we introduce a bottomup inspection device development workflow with productivity tools offered by metaverses, making development more effective and efficient than ever. As the core of quality inspection,we propose Quality Transformers to complete detection task,while federated learning is integrated to regulate data sharing.In summary, we point out the development directions of quality inspection under metaverse tide.
