Since the launch in June 2017,Insight-HXMT has been in service smoothly in orbit and particularly productive in 2023 and 2024.Among a total number of 238 papers published so far based on Insight-HXMT data,63 were publ...Since the launch in June 2017,Insight-HXMT has been in service smoothly in orbit and particularly productive in 2023 and 2024.Among a total number of 238 papers published so far based on Insight-HXMT data,63 were published in 2023,and 32 in the early 2024(till 2024 April),accounting for 40%of the total.These studies cover a variety of scientific subjects including the basic properties of black holes and neutron stars,the outburst of accreting black hole and neutron star X-ray binaries,thermal nuclear burst probes,isolated pulsars,quasi periodical oscillations,cyclotron resonant scattering features,fast radio bursts and gamma-ray bursts,etc.This paper introduces the overall progress with focus on some potential breakthroughs.展开更多
The Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope(HXMT) was launched at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on June 15, 2017, and was named as Insight-HXMT after the launch. Now all the instruments work properly in space, dozens of sou...The Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope(HXMT) was launched at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on June 15, 2017, and was named as Insight-HXMT after the launch. Now all the instruments work properly in space, dozens of sources have been observed, and some early scientific results have been published. The nominal lifetime of Insight-HXMT is 4 years.展开更多
As one of three primary scientific payloads of Insight-Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope(Insight-HXMT),the High Energy Xray telescope(HE)consists of 18 Nal/CsI phoswich detectors,and the CsI detectors can detect gamma-r...As one of three primary scientific payloads of Insight-Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope(Insight-HXMT),the High Energy Xray telescope(HE)consists of 18 Nal/CsI phoswich detectors,and the CsI detectors can detect gamma-rays that penetrate the satellite from all directions,with an energy range of about 60 keV to 3.2 MeV and a total geometric area of about 5100 cm^(2).These characteristics make the CsI detectors suitable for monitoring GRBs and other high-energy transients.Initial calibration and performance studies of the CsI detectors'instrumental response were conducted during the early operation phase before2020.In this work,we refine the cross-calibration of CsI detectors using a large sample of 85 bright GRBs.Our analysis reveals that the effective area is inversely proportional to the incident angle(θ),with no correlation observed with the azimuthal angle(θ).We subsequently incorporated this relationship into the calibration database to correct for systematic biases in the initial calibration.Furthermore,we demonstrate that joint spectral analyses incorporating CsI data provide better constraints on highenergy spectral parameters for most GRBs.Additionally,we evaluate,for the first time,the energy response of CsI detectors for pointing observation by measuring the Crab Nebula using the Earth occultation technique.This effort extends the energy range of the Insight-HXMT telescope from 1-250 to 1-750 keV for pointing observations.Those results show that the spectra measured by CsI detectors are consistent with other well-calibrated instruments,validating the reliability and accuracy of the CsI detectors'performance.Our work will contribute to Insight-HXMT's capacity to generate more scientific outputs in the field of time-domain astronomy.展开更多
Purpose The Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope is China’s first X-ray astronomy satellite launched on June 15,2017,dubbed Insight-HXMT.Active and passive thermal control measures are employed to keep devices at suitable...Purpose The Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope is China’s first X-ray astronomy satellite launched on June 15,2017,dubbed Insight-HXMT.Active and passive thermal control measures are employed to keep devices at suitable temperatures.In this paper,we analyzed the on-orbit thermal monitoring data of the first 5 years and investigated the effect of thermal deformation on the point spread function(PSF)of the telescopes.Methods We examined the data of the on-orbit temperatures measured using 157 thermistors placed on the collimators,detectors and their support structures and compared the results with the thermal control requirements.The thermal deformation was evaluated by the relative orientation of the two star sensors installed on the main support structure.Its effect was estimated with evolution of the PSF obtained with calibration scanning observations of the Crab nebula.Conclusion The on-orbit temperatures met the thermal control requirements thus far,and the effect of thermal deformation on the PSF was negligible after the on-orbit pointing calibration.展开更多
Purpose The high-energy X-ray telescope(HE),one of the three main payloads of the Insight-HXMT mission,is composed of eighteen NaI(Tl)/CsI(Na)phoswich detectors,where NaI(Tl)serves as the primary detector covering 20...Purpose The high-energy X-ray telescope(HE),one of the three main payloads of the Insight-HXMT mission,is composed of eighteen NaI(Tl)/CsI(Na)phoswich detectors,where NaI(Tl)serves as the primary detector covering 20–250 keV,and CsI(Na)is used as an active shield detector to suppress the background of NaI(Tl)and also serves as an all-sky gammaray burst monitor covering 0.2–3MeV.In this paper,we review the in-orbit performance of HE in the first 5 years since Insight-HXMT was launched on June 15,2017.Methods The major performances we concern include the gain and energy resolution of NaI(Tl)and CsI(Na)detectors,the performance of pulse shape discriminator(PSD)and system dead time.In this work,we investigate these performances mainly using the data of blank-sky observations and the data when the telescope is in earth occultation.Results The overall performance of HE/NaI(Tl)is very stable in the first 5 years,whereas the gain of HE/CsI(Na)shows a continuously increasing trend and should be calibrated regularly.Conclusion In general,HE is still in good health and well-calibrated status after five-year’s operation.The in-orbit performance of HE has no significant deviation from expectation.HE is expected to be in operation healthily for another several years of extended mission life.展开更多
基金Supported partially by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA0718500)the National Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.12333007,12027803)International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.113111KYSB20190020)。
文摘Since the launch in June 2017,Insight-HXMT has been in service smoothly in orbit and particularly productive in 2023 and 2024.Among a total number of 238 papers published so far based on Insight-HXMT data,63 were published in 2023,and 32 in the early 2024(till 2024 April),accounting for 40%of the total.These studies cover a variety of scientific subjects including the basic properties of black holes and neutron stars,the outburst of accreting black hole and neutron star X-ray binaries,thermal nuclear burst probes,isolated pulsars,quasi periodical oscillations,cyclotron resonant scattering features,fast radio bursts and gamma-ray bursts,etc.This paper introduces the overall progress with focus on some potential breakthroughs.
基金Supported by the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41590851)
文摘The Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope(HXMT) was launched at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on June 15, 2017, and was named as Insight-HXMT after the launch. Now all the instruments work properly in space, dozens of sources have been observed, and some early scientific results have been published. The nominal lifetime of Insight-HXMT is 4 years.
基金the support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA0718500)the Strategic Priority Research Program+1 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDB0550300 and XDA30050000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12273042,12494572,12373047,12273043,and 12103055)。
文摘As one of three primary scientific payloads of Insight-Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope(Insight-HXMT),the High Energy Xray telescope(HE)consists of 18 Nal/CsI phoswich detectors,and the CsI detectors can detect gamma-rays that penetrate the satellite from all directions,with an energy range of about 60 keV to 3.2 MeV and a total geometric area of about 5100 cm^(2).These characteristics make the CsI detectors suitable for monitoring GRBs and other high-energy transients.Initial calibration and performance studies of the CsI detectors'instrumental response were conducted during the early operation phase before2020.In this work,we refine the cross-calibration of CsI detectors using a large sample of 85 bright GRBs.Our analysis reveals that the effective area is inversely proportional to the incident angle(θ),with no correlation observed with the azimuthal angle(θ).We subsequently incorporated this relationship into the calibration database to correct for systematic biases in the initial calibration.Furthermore,we demonstrate that joint spectral analyses incorporating CsI data provide better constraints on highenergy spectral parameters for most GRBs.Additionally,we evaluate,for the first time,the energy response of CsI detectors for pointing observation by measuring the Crab Nebula using the Earth occultation technique.This effort extends the energy range of the Insight-HXMT telescope from 1-250 to 1-750 keV for pointing observations.Those results show that the spectra measured by CsI detectors are consistent with other well-calibrated instruments,validating the reliability and accuracy of the CsI detectors'performance.Our work will contribute to Insight-HXMT's capacity to generate more scientific outputs in the field of time-domain astronomy.
基金This work was based on the data from Insight-HXMT mission,a project funded by the China National Space Administration(CNSA)and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)We gratefully acknowledge the support from the National Program on Key Research and Development Project(Grant No.2021YFA0718500)from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(MOST)+2 种基金All authors appreciate the supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 12273043,U1838201,U1838202,U1938102,and U1938108This work was partially supported by International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.113111KYSB20190020)Appreciate Zeyu Song from IHEP for meticulous translation and revision.Appreciate Yongping Li from IHEP for helping with star sensor quaternion calculation.
文摘Purpose The Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope is China’s first X-ray astronomy satellite launched on June 15,2017,dubbed Insight-HXMT.Active and passive thermal control measures are employed to keep devices at suitable temperatures.In this paper,we analyzed the on-orbit thermal monitoring data of the first 5 years and investigated the effect of thermal deformation on the point spread function(PSF)of the telescopes.Methods We examined the data of the on-orbit temperatures measured using 157 thermistors placed on the collimators,detectors and their support structures and compared the results with the thermal control requirements.The thermal deformation was evaluated by the relative orientation of the two star sensors installed on the main support structure.Its effect was estimated with evolution of the PSF obtained with calibration scanning observations of the Crab nebula.Conclusion The on-orbit temperatures met the thermal control requirements thus far,and the effect of thermal deformation on the PSF was negligible after the on-orbit pointing calibration.
基金support from the National Program on Key Research and Development Project(Grant No.2021YFA0718500)from the Minister of Science and Technology of China(MOST)The authors thank supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 12273043,U1838201,U1838202,U1938109,U1938102,U1938108This work was partially supported by International Partnership Program of ChineseAcademy of Sciences(Grant No.113111KYSB20190020).
文摘Purpose The high-energy X-ray telescope(HE),one of the three main payloads of the Insight-HXMT mission,is composed of eighteen NaI(Tl)/CsI(Na)phoswich detectors,where NaI(Tl)serves as the primary detector covering 20–250 keV,and CsI(Na)is used as an active shield detector to suppress the background of NaI(Tl)and also serves as an all-sky gammaray burst monitor covering 0.2–3MeV.In this paper,we review the in-orbit performance of HE in the first 5 years since Insight-HXMT was launched on June 15,2017.Methods The major performances we concern include the gain and energy resolution of NaI(Tl)and CsI(Na)detectors,the performance of pulse shape discriminator(PSD)and system dead time.In this work,we investigate these performances mainly using the data of blank-sky observations and the data when the telescope is in earth occultation.Results The overall performance of HE/NaI(Tl)is very stable in the first 5 years,whereas the gain of HE/CsI(Na)shows a continuously increasing trend and should be calibrated regularly.Conclusion In general,HE is still in good health and well-calibrated status after five-year’s operation.The in-orbit performance of HE has no significant deviation from expectation.HE is expected to be in operation healthily for another several years of extended mission life.
