It has been commonplace to hear of teacher educators promoting reflective practice. The feasibility of the ways of reflective practice suggested in the recent literature will be reviewed. This paper arises from the co...It has been commonplace to hear of teacher educators promoting reflective practice. The feasibility of the ways of reflective practice suggested in the recent literature will be reviewed. This paper arises from the conceptualization of reflection and a review of the concrete problems facing Hong Kong practitioners. In revisiting reflective practice as it is limited and constrained by the heavy workload of English teachers in Hong Kong, it seems to be of utmost importance to provide feasible ways for these teachers to develop their professional competence in this area. The difficulties and the problems that constrain Hong Kong teachers’ reflective practice shall be highlighted and it is argued that what in-service teachers require is a viable and effective way of being reflective. I shall suggest "Chatin-private" (Ouyang, 1997) as an alternative for the overworked teachers to remain reflective in the case of Hong Kong with a particular emphasis on workload of secondary school teachers.展开更多
Objective:This study aims to provide a basis for the curriculum provision,training form and training time of midwifery managers in Beijing and understand the needs of the midwives' participation in specialist cert...Objective:This study aims to provide a basis for the curriculum provision,training form and training time of midwifery managers in Beijing and understand the needs of the midwives' participation in specialist certification training.Methods:Ten midwifery managers and midwives in Beijing were selected for a group interview.Based on the interview results,the researchers designed a questionnaire.As the midwives were from different hospital levels in Beijing,stratified random sampling method was adopted.A total of 137 people were surveyed through a web questionnaire.Results:In total,99.25% of the respondents believe that midwifery specialist training needs to be carried out in Beijing.Moreover,55% of them believe that half-time training is reasonable.The respondents believe that the proportion of theoretical and practice training should be 1∶2.In total,91.79% and 85.07% of the respondents believe that contents of midwifery research and midwifery management need to be increased,respectively.Conclusion:Midwives in Beijing need midwifery specialist training.Half-time certification training complies with the clinical needs.Midwifery specialist certification enhances the professional identity of midwives.展开更多
The tropopause chemical structure(TCS)is influenced by stratosphere-troposphere exchange(STE)and plays a role in the Earth’s climate.However,this role is still not fully understood in East Asia,where active STE and h...The tropopause chemical structure(TCS)is influenced by stratosphere-troposphere exchange(STE)and plays a role in the Earth’s climate.However,this role is still not fully understood in East Asia,where active STE and high anthropogenic emissions coexist.Using airborne measurements of trace gases,including O_(3),CO,and H_(2)O,we reveal the variations in TCS during two consecutive cut-off lows(COLs),an important trigger of STE.We demonstrate the important roles of two-way STE and long-range transport processes in delivering natural and anthropogenic signatures in the TCS.The former COL case shows a normal pattern of TCS,consisting of stratospheric and tropospheric air and a mixture of them.The latter,as a novel type of STE,exhibits an anomalous and complex structure due to deep convective injection into stratospheric intrusions and advection of remote marine air.The distinct mixture of stratospheric air and anthropogenic pollution alters the TCS,with horizontal and vertical scales estimated to be 200 and 1 km,respectively.Moreover,air of maritime origin,which is convectively transported and strongly dehydrated during long-range transport,is also identified.Such a complex TCS can produce unique chemical environments that modulate cloud physics and atmospheric radiation.From a climatological perspective,events of these anomalous airmasses are nonnegligible in terms of their frequency and chemical impact,as revealed by multiyear observations.These new insights advance our understanding of the mixing of natural and anthropogenic species that shape the TCS in East Asia and have implications for climate change.展开更多
Objective： Since appropriate and time- table methods in trauma care have an important impact on patients＇ outcome, we evaluated the effect of Advanced Trauma Life Support （ATLS） program on medical interns＇ perfor...Objective： Since appropriate and time- table methods in trauma care have an important impact on patients＇ outcome, we evaluated the effect of Advanced Trauma Life Support （ATLS） program on medical interns＇ performance in simulated trauma patient management. Methods： A descriptive and analytical study before and after the training was conducted on 24 randomly se- lected undergraduate medical interns from Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. On the first day, we assessed in- terns＇ clinical knowledge and their practical skill performance in confronting simulated trauma patients. After 2 days of ATLS training, we performed the same study and evaluated their score again on the fourth day. The two findings, pre- and post- ATLS periods, were compared through SPSS version 15.0 software. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results： Our findings showed that interns＇ ability in all the three tasks improved after the training course. On the fourth day after training, there was a statistically significant increase in interns＇ clinical knowledge of ATLS procedures, the sequence of procedures and skill performance in trauma situations （P〈0.001, P=0.016 and P=0.01 respectively）. Conclusion： ATLS course has an important role in increasing clinical knowledge and practical skill performance of trauma care in medical interns.展开更多
文摘It has been commonplace to hear of teacher educators promoting reflective practice. The feasibility of the ways of reflective practice suggested in the recent literature will be reviewed. This paper arises from the conceptualization of reflection and a review of the concrete problems facing Hong Kong practitioners. In revisiting reflective practice as it is limited and constrained by the heavy workload of English teachers in Hong Kong, it seems to be of utmost importance to provide feasible ways for these teachers to develop their professional competence in this area. The difficulties and the problems that constrain Hong Kong teachers’ reflective practice shall be highlighted and it is argued that what in-service teachers require is a viable and effective way of being reflective. I shall suggest "Chatin-private" (Ouyang, 1997) as an alternative for the overworked teachers to remain reflective in the case of Hong Kong with a particular emphasis on workload of secondary school teachers.
文摘Objective:This study aims to provide a basis for the curriculum provision,training form and training time of midwifery managers in Beijing and understand the needs of the midwives' participation in specialist certification training.Methods:Ten midwifery managers and midwives in Beijing were selected for a group interview.Based on the interview results,the researchers designed a questionnaire.As the midwives were from different hospital levels in Beijing,stratified random sampling method was adopted.A total of 137 people were surveyed through a web questionnaire.Results:In total,99.25% of the respondents believe that midwifery specialist training needs to be carried out in Beijing.Moreover,55% of them believe that half-time training is reasonable.The respondents believe that the proportion of theoretical and practice training should be 1∶2.In total,91.79% and 85.07% of the respondents believe that contents of midwifery research and midwifery management need to be increased,respectively.Conclusion:Midwives in Beijing need midwifery specialist training.Half-time certification training complies with the clinical needs.Midwifery specialist certification enhances the professional identity of midwives.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42105079)Computing resources used in this study were provided by Fujian Normal University High Performance Computation Center(FNU-HPCC).
文摘The tropopause chemical structure(TCS)is influenced by stratosphere-troposphere exchange(STE)and plays a role in the Earth’s climate.However,this role is still not fully understood in East Asia,where active STE and high anthropogenic emissions coexist.Using airborne measurements of trace gases,including O_(3),CO,and H_(2)O,we reveal the variations in TCS during two consecutive cut-off lows(COLs),an important trigger of STE.We demonstrate the important roles of two-way STE and long-range transport processes in delivering natural and anthropogenic signatures in the TCS.The former COL case shows a normal pattern of TCS,consisting of stratospheric and tropospheric air and a mixture of them.The latter,as a novel type of STE,exhibits an anomalous and complex structure due to deep convective injection into stratospheric intrusions and advection of remote marine air.The distinct mixture of stratospheric air and anthropogenic pollution alters the TCS,with horizontal and vertical scales estimated to be 200 and 1 km,respectively.Moreover,air of maritime origin,which is convectively transported and strongly dehydrated during long-range transport,is also identified.Such a complex TCS can produce unique chemical environments that modulate cloud physics and atmospheric radiation.From a climatological perspective,events of these anomalous airmasses are nonnegligible in terms of their frequency and chemical impact,as revealed by multiyear observations.These new insights advance our understanding of the mixing of natural and anthropogenic species that shape the TCS in East Asia and have implications for climate change.
文摘Objective： Since appropriate and time- table methods in trauma care have an important impact on patients＇ outcome, we evaluated the effect of Advanced Trauma Life Support （ATLS） program on medical interns＇ performance in simulated trauma patient management. Methods： A descriptive and analytical study before and after the training was conducted on 24 randomly se- lected undergraduate medical interns from Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. On the first day, we assessed in- terns＇ clinical knowledge and their practical skill performance in confronting simulated trauma patients. After 2 days of ATLS training, we performed the same study and evaluated their score again on the fourth day. The two findings, pre- and post- ATLS periods, were compared through SPSS version 15.0 software. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results： Our findings showed that interns＇ ability in all the three tasks improved after the training course. On the fourth day after training, there was a statistically significant increase in interns＇ clinical knowledge of ATLS procedures, the sequence of procedures and skill performance in trauma situations （P〈0.001, P=0.016 and P=0.01 respectively）. Conclusion： ATLS course has an important role in increasing clinical knowledge and practical skill performance of trauma care in medical interns.
