This paper shows the existence of insensitizing controls for a class of nonlinear complex Ginzburg- Landau equations with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions and arbitrarily located internal controller. When the...This paper shows the existence of insensitizing controls for a class of nonlinear complex Ginzburg- Landau equations with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions and arbitrarily located internal controller. When the nonlinearity in the equation satisfies a suitable superlinear growth condition at infinity, the existence of insensitizing controls for the corresponding semilinear Ginzburg-Landau equation is proved. Meanwhile, if the nonlinearity in the equation is only a smooth function without any additional growth condition, a local result on insensitizing controls is obtained. As usual, the problem of insensitizing controls is transforlned into a suitable controllability problem for a coupled system governed by a semilinear complex Ginzburg-Landau equation and a linear one through one control. The key is to establish an observability inequality for a coupled linear Ginzburg-Landau system with one observer.展开更多
This paper is devoted to the study of the existence of insensitizing controls for the parabolic equation with equivalued surface boundary conditions. The insensitizing problem consists in finding a control function su...This paper is devoted to the study of the existence of insensitizing controls for the parabolic equation with equivalued surface boundary conditions. The insensitizing problem consists in finding a control function such that some energy functional of the equation is locally insensitive to a perturbation of the initial data. As usual, this problem can be reduced to a partially null controllability problem for a cascade system of two parabolic equations with equivalued surface boundary conditions. Compared the problems with usual boundary conditions~ in the present case we need to derive a new global Carleman estimate, for which, in particular one needs to construct a new weight function to match the equivalued surface boundary conditions.展开更多
This paper presents a tunable and polarization-insensitive wideband metamaterial absorber based on single-layer graphene.By comparing the simulated experimental data with theoretical derivations,it was found that the ...This paper presents a tunable and polarization-insensitive wideband metamaterial absorber based on single-layer graphene.By comparing the simulated experimental data with theoretical derivations,it was found that the absorbance of the material can be sustained above 90%in the frequency range of 2.78 to 7.14(4.36)THz,of which the absorption rate exceeds 99%in the frequency range of 4.1–4.54(0.44)THz,and remarkably,perfect absorption is achieved at4.32 THz.In the range of 2.78–7.14 THz,the average absorption rate is 96.1%,by adjusting the physical size of the graphene layer pattern,we can modify the working band gap of the absorber.By applying a voltage to modulate the Fermi level of graphene,we can increase the absorption bandwidth.When the chemical potential is 1.0 e V,at the bandwidth of 4.36 THz,its absorption rate exceeds 90%.The working principle of absorbing materials was deeply explored using the principles of electromagnetic field distribution and impedance adaptation.Through detailed analysis of different polarization states and incident angles,we found that the absorber is not sensitive to polarization due to its symmetrical structure,and found that it exhibits low sensitivity at incidence angles.In addition,after comparative analysis,significant differences were observed in the absorption efficiency of the absorber under various relaxation time conditions,and the obtained data were elaborated in detail using the carrier mechanism of plasma vibration.We found that in addition to obtaining an almost perfect absorber with wide band by adjusting the parameters,it is also feasible to obtain an approximately narrow band absorber by changing the relaxation time without having to remanufacture the structure.The absorber offers several advantages,including tunability,a wide absorption band,a high absorption rate,polarization insensitivity,and a simple structure.Therefore,this absorber exhibits great potential for absorption,monitoring,and sensing in the terahertz band.展开更多
Familial androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), resulting from inherited mutations in the androgen receptor (AR)gene, has traditionally been examined within the framework of disorders of sex development. However, grow...Familial androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), resulting from inherited mutations in the androgen receptor (AR)gene, has traditionally been examined within the framework of disorders of sex development. However, growingevidence indicates that AR dysfunction also disrupts systemic metabolic homeostasis, predisposing affectedindividuals to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This article synthesizes recent advances in genetics,transcriptomics, and physiology to elucidate how AR mutations drive tissue-specific metabolic reprogramming inkey organs, including pancreatic β-cells, skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. Particular attention is given to anewly identified familial AR variant (c.2117A>G;p.Asn706Ser), which not only broadens the known mutationalspectrum of AIS but also underscores the clinical importance of early metabolic risk screening in this population.We further examine how pubertal stage, hormone replacement therapy, and sex-specific signaling pathwaysinteract to influence long-term metabolic outcomes. Lastly, we propose an integrative management framework thatincorporates genetic diagnosis, endocrine surveillance, and personalized pharmacological strategies aimed atreducing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiometabolic complications in individuals with AIS. Distinctfrom previous AIS-centered reviews, this work integrates metabolic and endocrine perspectives into the traditionaldevelopmental paradigm, offering a more comprehensive understanding of disease risk and translational management.展开更多
Acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy(AR-PAM)suffers from degraded lateral resolution due to acoustic diffraction.Here,a resolution enhancement strategy for AR-PAM via a mean-reverting diffusion model was propo...Acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy(AR-PAM)suffers from degraded lateral resolution due to acoustic diffraction.Here,a resolution enhancement strategy for AR-PAM via a mean-reverting diffusion model was proposed to achieve the transition from acoustic resolution to optical resolution.By modeling the degradation process from high-resolution image to low-resolution AR-PAM image with stable Gaussian noise(i.e.,mean state),a mean-reverting diffusion model is trained to learn prior information of the data distribution.Then the learned prior is employed to generate a high-resolution image from the AR-PAM image by iteratively sampling the noisy state.The performance of the proposed method was validated utilizing the simulated and in vivo experimental data under varying lateral resolutions and noise levels.The results show that an over 3.6-fold enhancement in lateral resolution was achieved.The image quality can be effectively improved,with a notable enhancement of∼66%in PSNR and∼480%in SSIM for in vivo data.展开更多
Insensitive explosive detonation has wide applications in compressing and driving inert materials,and thereby the interaction between detonation and inert materials has received more attention.In this paper,a two-dime...Insensitive explosive detonation has wide applications in compressing and driving inert materials,and thereby the interaction between detonation and inert materials has received more attention.In this paper,a two-dimensional numerical simulation based on the Euler multiphase flow framework is used to investigate the reflection behavior of the insensitive explosive detonation propagating around a cylinder.The results show that there is a critical incident angle,defined as transition angle for detonation propagating around the cylinder,below which the regular reflection(RR)on the cylinder surface is observed.When the incident angle is greater than the transition angle,RR changes to Mach reflection.This transition angle is larger than that obtained by polar curve theory and the change of incident angle is used to interpret above phenomenon.In addition,the influence of cylindrical radius and detonation reaction zone width on the reflection behavior is examined.As the cylindrical radius increases,the height of Mach stem increases while the transition angle decreases and gradually approaches the value in pole curve theory.Von Neumann reflection is observed when the reaction zone width is relatively small.This is because the energy release rate in the reaction zone is high for small reaction zone width,resulting in the formation of a series of compression waves near the cylindrical interface.展开更多
2,4-dinitroanisole(DNAN)is a good replacement for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT)in melt-cast explosives due to its superior insensitivity.With the increasing use of DNAN-based melt-cast explosives,the prediction of reacti...2,4-dinitroanisole(DNAN)is a good replacement for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT)in melt-cast explosives due to its superior insensitivity.With the increasing use of DNAN-based melt-cast explosives,the prediction of reaction violence and hazard assessment of the explosives subjected to shock is of great significance.This study investigated the shock initiation characteristics for a DNAN-based melt-cast explosive,DHFA,using the one-dimensional Lagrangian apparatus.The embedded manganin gauges in the apparatus record the pressure histories at four Lagrangian positions and show that shock-todetonation transition in DHFA needs a high input shock pressure.The experimental data are analyzed to calibrate the Ignition and Growth model.The calibration is performed using an objective function based on both pressure history and the arrival time of shock.Good agreement between experimental and calculated pressure histories indicates the high accuracy of the calibrated parameters with the optimization method.展开更多
Auxin influences a variety of developmental and physiological processes. Early reports, suggested that auxin might affect plant stress response. We have identified a number of auxin responsive genes in Arabidopsis tha...Auxin influences a variety of developmental and physiological processes. Early reports, suggested that auxin might affect plant stress response. We have identified a number of auxin responsive genes in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. by using cDNA an-ay and found that stress responsive genes, such as,Arabidopsis homolog of MEK kinase 1 (ATMEKK1), ReL/SpoT homolog 3 ( At-RSH3), Catalase 1 ( Cat1) and Ferritin 1 (Fer1), were down-regulated by auxin, indicating that auxin regulates ale expression of stress responsive genes. We also demonstrated that nitrilase genes, nitrilase I ( NIT]) and nitrilase 2 (NIT2) involving in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis, were induced by salinity stress, suggesting that the level of IAA might increase in response to salinity stress. To dissect the signal pathway involved in the interaction, two auxin insensitive mutants, auxin resistant 2 (axr2) and auxin resistant 1-3 (axrl-3) were used. Stress responsive genes were induced by salt stress in wild type and axr2, but not in axr1-3. The result suggests that die interaction between auxin and stress responses may be linked in the ubiquitin pathway.展开更多
Polarization insensitive AlGaInAs InP semiconductor optical amplifier is realized at a wavelength of 1550nm.The active layer consists of three tensile strained wells with strain 0 40%.The amplifiers are fabricated ...Polarization insensitive AlGaInAs InP semiconductor optical amplifier is realized at a wavelength of 1550nm.The active layer consists of three tensile strained wells with strain 0 40%.The amplifiers are fabricated to ridge waveguide structure with 7° tilted cavity.The two facets are coated with two layers of anti reflection Ti 3O 5/Al 2O 3 films.Residual facet reflectivity is found to be less than 0 03%.The semiconductor optical amplifer exhibits 20dB of signal gain and 7 2dBm of saturation output power with an excellent polarization insensitivity (less than 0 8dB) at 200mA and 1540nm window.展开更多
Androgen receptor （AR） gene has been extensively studied in diverse clinical conditions. In addition to the point mutations, trinucleotide repeat （CAG and GGN） length polymorphisms have been an additional subject ...Androgen receptor （AR） gene has been extensively studied in diverse clinical conditions. In addition to the point mutations, trinucleotide repeat （CAG and GGN） length polymorphisms have been an additional subject of interest and controversy among geneticists. The polymorphic variations in triplet repeats have been associated with a number of disorders, but at the same time contradictory findings have also been reported. Further, studies on the same disorder in different populations have generated different results. Therefore, combined analysis or review of the published studies has been of much value to extract information on the significance of variations in the gene in various clinical conditions. AR genetics has been reviewed extensively but until now review articles have focused on individual clinical categories such as androgen insensitivity, male infertility, prostate cancer, and so on. We have made the first effort to review most the aspects of AR genetics. The impact of androgens in various disorders and polymorphic variations in the AR gene is the main focus of this review. Additionally, the correlations observed in various studies have been discussed in the light of in vitro evidences available for the effect of AR gene variations on the action of androgens.展开更多
Insensitive energetic materials are promising in the defense weapons field.However,energetic materials still suffer from great challenges and the concern about their safety limits their utilization.In this work,insens...Insensitive energetic materials are promising in the defense weapons field.However,energetic materials still suffer from great challenges and the concern about their safety limits their utilization.In this work,insensitive energetic explosive 3,30-diamino-4,40-azoxyfurazan/hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine(DAAF/RDX)microspheres were fabricated by self-assembly method.Rod-like DAAF/RDX was prepared by mechanical ball milling for comparison.DAAF/RDX composites with different mass ratios(90:10,80:20,and 70:30)were obtained.The morphologies and structures of as-obtained DAAF/RDX composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),powder x-ray diffraction(PXRD)and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).The results showed that DAAF/RDX microspheres exhibited regular shaped microspheres with sizes from 0.5 to 1.2 mm.There was no crystal transition during the modification process.The thermal properties of as-obtained materials were then evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)and materials studio software.DAAF/RDX microspheres showed an advanced decomposition peak temperature compared with rod-like DAAF/RDX.The binding energy and peak temperature values at zeroβ_(i)(T_(P0))of DAAF/RDX(90:10)increased by 36.77 kJ/mol,1.6℃,and 58.11 kJ/mol,12.3℃compared to DAAF/RDX(80:20)and DAAF/RDX(70:30),indicating the better thermal stability of DAAF/RDX(90:10).The characteristic drop height(H_(50))of DAAF/RDX(higher than 100 cm)composites was higher than that of raw RDX(25 cm),suggesting significant improvements in mechanical safety.The preparation of DAAF/RDX microspheres is promising for the desensitization of RDX and useful for the formation of other materials and future wide applications.展开更多
A semiconductor optical amplifier gate based on tensile strained quasi bulk InGaAs is developed.At injection current of 80mA,a 3dB optical bandwidth of more than 85nm is achieved due to dominant band filling effect...A semiconductor optical amplifier gate based on tensile strained quasi bulk InGaAs is developed.At injection current of 80mA,a 3dB optical bandwidth of more than 85nm is achieved due to dominant band filling effect.Moreover,the most important is that very low polarization dependence of gain (<0 7dB),fiber to fiber lossless operation current (70～90mA) and a high extinction ratio (>50dB) are simultaneously obtained over this wide 3dB optical bandwidth (1520～1609nm) which nearly covers the spectral region of the whole C band (1525～1565nm) and the whole L band (1570～1610nm).The gating time is also improved by decreasing carrier lifetime.The wide band polarization insensitive SOA gate is promising for use in future dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) communication systems.展开更多
A composite explosive based on 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane(RDX)was prepared by electrostaticspray method with dioctyl sebacate(DOS)as desensitizer.After preparation,the particle size and crystal structure were cha...A composite explosive based on 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane(RDX)was prepared by electrostaticspray method with dioctyl sebacate(DOS)as desensitizer.After preparation,the particle size and crystal structure were characterized and chemical features,such as chemical bonds,functional groups,thermal decomposition parameters and mechanical sensitivity were investigated as well.In terms of the morphologies of the composites,the particle sizes were in the range of 1e3 mm.Compared with RDX,the crystal types,chemical bonds and functional groups of the RDX/DOS composites were unchanged.The activation energy of the composites was lower than that of raw RDX,and the 3wt%DOS composites had the lowest activation energy.The impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity of the RDX/DOS composites were lower than those of raw RDX,and the 10wt%DOS composites had the highest H50(125.9 cm)and the lowest friction sensitivity(8%).展开更多
The insensitive response to photoperiod and temperature is an important quantitative trait for soybean in wide adaptation breeding. The natural variation in response to photoperiod and temperature was detected using 2...The insensitive response to photoperiod and temperature is an important quantitative trait for soybean in wide adaptation breeding. The natural variation in response to photoperiod and temperature was detected using 275 accessions of soybean [Glycine max （L.） Merrill] from China. Genome-wide association mapping, based on population structure analysis, was carried out using 118 SSR markers by the TASSEL GLM （general linear model） program. Nine SSR markers （P〈0.01） were associated with the value of the response to photoperiod and temperature （VRPT） caused by days to flowering （DF）, among which, Satt308 （LG M）, Sattl50 （LG M） and Satt440 （LG l）, were identified in both 2006 and 2007. Twelve SSR markers （P〈0.01） were associated with VRPT caused by days to maturity （DM）, among which three markers, Satt387 （LG N）, Satt307 （LG C2） and AW310961 （LG J）, were detected in both 2006 and 2007. In addition, a total of 20 elite alleles were screened out over 2006 and 2007 for being associated with an insensitive response to photoperiod and temperature （IRPT） caused by DF and a total of seven different elite alleles were screened out for being associated with IRPT caused by DM. Among these elite alleles, five alleles, Satt150-244, Satt308-164, Satt308-206, Satt440-176, and Satt440-206, were associated with IRPT caused by DF and were identified in both years, but only one allele, Satt307-170, was identified as being associated with an IRPT caused by DM. Based on these elite alleles, a set of typical accessions were screened out. The result about the genetic basis of IRPT is meaningful for soybean wide adaption breeding.展开更多
Androgen insensitivity syndrome （AIS）, an X-linked recessive genetic disorder of sex development, is caused by mutations in the androgen receptor （AR） gene, and is characterized by partial or complete inability of...Androgen insensitivity syndrome （AIS）, an X-linked recessive genetic disorder of sex development, is caused by mutations in the androgen receptor （AR） gene, and is characterized by partial or complete inability of specific tissues to respond to androgens in individuals with the 46,XY karyotype. This study aimed to investigate AR gene mutations and to characterize genotype-phenotype correlations. Ten patients from unrelated families, aged 2-31 years, were recruited in the study. Based on karyotype, altered hormone profile, and clinical manifestations, nine patients were preliminarily diagnosed with complete AIS and one with partial AIS. Genetic analysis of AR gene revealed the existence of 10 different mutations, of which five were novel （c.2112 C〉G[p.STO4R], c.2290T〉A[p.Y764N], c.2626C〉T[p.Q876X], c.933dupC[p.K313Qfs＊28], and c.1067delC[p.A356Efs＊123]）; the other five were previously reported （c.1789G〉A[p.A597T], c.2566C〉T[p.R856C], c.2668G〉A[p.V890M], c.2679C〉T[p.P893L], and c.1605C〉G[p.Y535X]）. Regarding the distribution of these mutations, 60.0% were clustered in the ligand-binding domain of AR gene. Exons 1 and 8 of AR gene each accounted for 30.0% （3/10） of all mutations. Most of the truncation mutations were in exon 1 and missense mutations were mainly located in exons 4-8. Our study expands the spectrum of AR gene mutations and confirms the usefulness of AR gene sequencing to support a diagnosis of AIS and to enable prenatal or antenatal screening.展开更多
This paper reviews the detonative properties of low bulk density(LBD),high bulk density(HBD)Nitroguanidine(NGu)(1),CAS-No:[556-88-7]and 82 explosive formulations based on NGu reported in the public domain.To rank the ...This paper reviews the detonative properties of low bulk density(LBD),high bulk density(HBD)Nitroguanidine(NGu)(1),CAS-No:[556-88-7]and 82 explosive formulations based on NGu reported in the public domain.To rank the performance of those formulations they are compared with 15 reference compositions containing both standard high explosives such as octogen(HMX)(2),hexogen(RDX)(3),pentaerythritol tetranitrate(PETN)(4),2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT)(5)as well as insensitive high explosives such as 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazolone(NTO)(6),1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene(TATB)(7),1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene(FOX-7)(8)and N-Guanylurea dinitramide(FOX 12)(9).NGu based formulations are superior to those based on FOX-12 or TATB and are a close match with FOX-7 based explosives,the latter just having higher Gurney Energies(-10%)and slightly higher detonation pressure(+2%).NGu based explosives even reach up to 78% of the detonation pressure,82% Gurney energy and up to 95% of detonation velocity of HMX.LBD-NGu dissolves in many melt cast eutectics forming dense charges thereby eliminating the need for costly High Bulk Density NGu.Nitroguanidine based formulations are at the rock bottom of sensitiveness among all the above-mentioned explosives which contributes to the safety of these formulations.The review gives 132 references to the public domain.For a review on the synthesis spectroscopy and sensitiveness of Nitroguanidine see Ref.[1].展开更多
Mutations in the X-linked androgen receptor （AR） gene cause androgen insensitivity syndrome （AIS）, resulting in an impaired embryonic sex differentiation in 46,XY genetic men. Complete androgen insensitivity （CAI...Mutations in the X-linked androgen receptor （AR） gene cause androgen insensitivity syndrome （AIS）, resulting in an impaired embryonic sex differentiation in 46,XY genetic men. Complete androgen insensitivity （CAIS） produces a female external phenotype, whereas cases with partial androgen insensitivity （PALS） have various ambiguities of the genitalia. Mild androgen insensitivity （MAIS） is characterized by undermasculinization and gynecomastia. Here we describe a 2-month-old 46,XY female patient, with all of the characteristics of CAIS. Defects in testosterone （T） and dihydrotestosterone （DHT） synthesis were excluded. Sequencing of the AR gene showed the presence in exon 6 of a T to C transition in the second base of codon 790, nucleotide position 2369, causing a novel missense Leu790Pro mutation in the ligand-binding domain of the AR protein. The identification of a novel AR mutation in a girl with CAIS provides significant information due to the importance of missense mutations in the ligand-binding domain of the AR, which are able to induce functional abnormalities in the androgen binding capability, stabilization of active conformation, or interaction with coactivators.展开更多
A dualband terahertz(THz) absorber including periodically distributed cross-shaped graphene arrays and a gold layer spaced by a thin dielectric layer is investigated.Numerical results reveal that the THz absorber disp...A dualband terahertz(THz) absorber including periodically distributed cross-shaped graphene arrays and a gold layer spaced by a thin dielectric layer is investigated.Numerical results reveal that the THz absorber displays two perfect absorption peaks.To elucidate the resonant behavior, the LC model is introduced to fit the spectra.Moreover, the strength and linewidth of the absorption peak can be effectively tuned with structural parameters and the relaxation time of graphene.Owing to its rotational symmetry, this THz absorber exhibits polarization insensitivity.Our designed absorber is a promising candidate in applications of tunable optical sensors and optical filters.展开更多
In this article, parametric study of single confined fragment launch device was carried out. The configuration proposed was further studied to derive the empirical relationship for effect of fragment size,charge size,...In this article, parametric study of single confined fragment launch device was carried out. The configuration proposed was further studied to derive the empirical relationship for effect of fragment size,charge size, confinement thickness on fragment velocity. The simulations were carried out using ANSYSAUTODYNE explicit solver. Fragment velocities were estimated as a function of different parametric combinations of explosive quantities, charge length to diameter ratio, fragment height to diameter ratio,confinement thickness, fragment material and fragment mass. The data was further converted to charge to metal ratio under fragment and confinement. It was observed that, increase in confinement thickness,charge quantity and decrease in fragment height increases the fragment velocity. It is also noted that,charge to metal mass ratio under fragment significantly affects the fragment velocity. At the end, an empirical relationship for fragment velocity interms of all these parameters was established. Using these relations, two velocities 1831.92 m/s and 2523.9 m/s required for NATO STANAG 4496 IM test were estimated. The design parameters for these velocities are presented. Also, the results estimated using the empirical relationship has been compared with published experimental data. Error in the predicted velocities is within the acceptable range. The empirical relationship proposed will be useful for finalization of design of the fragment launch device.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11371084 and 11171060)National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(Grant No.2011CB808002)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(Grant No.NCET-12-0812)
文摘This paper shows the existence of insensitizing controls for a class of nonlinear complex Ginzburg- Landau equations with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions and arbitrarily located internal controller. When the nonlinearity in the equation satisfies a suitable superlinear growth condition at infinity, the existence of insensitizing controls for the corresponding semilinear Ginzburg-Landau equation is proved. Meanwhile, if the nonlinearity in the equation is only a smooth function without any additional growth condition, a local result on insensitizing controls is obtained. As usual, the problem of insensitizing controls is transforlned into a suitable controllability problem for a coupled system governed by a semilinear complex Ginzburg-Landau equation and a linear one through one control. The key is to establish an observability inequality for a coupled linear Ginzburg-Landau system with one observer.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10831007 and 60974035)
文摘This paper is devoted to the study of the existence of insensitizing controls for the parabolic equation with equivalued surface boundary conditions. The insensitizing problem consists in finding a control function such that some energy functional of the equation is locally insensitive to a perturbation of the initial data. As usual, this problem can be reduced to a partially null controllability problem for a cascade system of two parabolic equations with equivalued surface boundary conditions. Compared the problems with usual boundary conditions~ in the present case we need to derive a new global Carleman estimate, for which, in particular one needs to construct a new weight function to match the equivalued surface boundary conditions.
基金the support form the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51606158,11604311,12074151)the Funded by the Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Special Project(Grant No.AD21075009)+3 种基金the funded by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2021JDRC0022)the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory for Metallurgical Equipment and Control Technology of Ministry of Education in Wuhan University of Science and Technology,China(Grant Nos.MECOF2022B01MECOF2023B04)the Project supported by Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Navigation Technology and Application,Guilin University of Electronic Technology(Grant No.DH202321)。
文摘This paper presents a tunable and polarization-insensitive wideband metamaterial absorber based on single-layer graphene.By comparing the simulated experimental data with theoretical derivations,it was found that the absorbance of the material can be sustained above 90%in the frequency range of 2.78 to 7.14(4.36)THz,of which the absorption rate exceeds 99%in the frequency range of 4.1–4.54(0.44)THz,and remarkably,perfect absorption is achieved at4.32 THz.In the range of 2.78–7.14 THz,the average absorption rate is 96.1%,by adjusting the physical size of the graphene layer pattern,we can modify the working band gap of the absorber.By applying a voltage to modulate the Fermi level of graphene,we can increase the absorption bandwidth.When the chemical potential is 1.0 e V,at the bandwidth of 4.36 THz,its absorption rate exceeds 90%.The working principle of absorbing materials was deeply explored using the principles of electromagnetic field distribution and impedance adaptation.Through detailed analysis of different polarization states and incident angles,we found that the absorber is not sensitive to polarization due to its symmetrical structure,and found that it exhibits low sensitivity at incidence angles.In addition,after comparative analysis,significant differences were observed in the absorption efficiency of the absorber under various relaxation time conditions,and the obtained data were elaborated in detail using the carrier mechanism of plasma vibration.We found that in addition to obtaining an almost perfect absorber with wide band by adjusting the parameters,it is also feasible to obtain an approximately narrow band absorber by changing the relaxation time without having to remanufacture the structure.The absorber offers several advantages,including tunability,a wide absorption band,a high absorption rate,polarization insensitivity,and a simple structure.Therefore,this absorber exhibits great potential for absorption,monitoring,and sensing in the terahertz band.
基金Supported by the Quzhou Science and Technology Plan Project,No.2022K69.
文摘Familial androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), resulting from inherited mutations in the androgen receptor (AR)gene, has traditionally been examined within the framework of disorders of sex development. However, growingevidence indicates that AR dysfunction also disrupts systemic metabolic homeostasis, predisposing affectedindividuals to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This article synthesizes recent advances in genetics,transcriptomics, and physiology to elucidate how AR mutations drive tissue-specific metabolic reprogramming inkey organs, including pancreatic β-cells, skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. Particular attention is given to anewly identified familial AR variant (c.2117A>G;p.Asn706Ser), which not only broadens the known mutationalspectrum of AIS but also underscores the clinical importance of early metabolic risk screening in this population.We further examine how pubertal stage, hormone replacement therapy, and sex-specific signaling pathwaysinteract to influence long-term metabolic outcomes. Lastly, we propose an integrative management framework thatincorporates genetic diagnosis, endocrine surveillance, and personalized pharmacological strategies aimed atreducing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiometabolic complications in individuals with AIS. Distinctfrom previous AIS-centered reviews, this work integrates metabolic and endocrine perspectives into the traditionaldevelopmental paradigm, offering a more comprehensive understanding of disease risk and translational management.
基金pported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62265011 and 62122033)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20224BAB212006 and 20232BAB 202038)National Key Research and Develop-ment Program of China(2023YFF1204302)。
文摘Acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy(AR-PAM)suffers from degraded lateral resolution due to acoustic diffraction.Here,a resolution enhancement strategy for AR-PAM via a mean-reverting diffusion model was proposed to achieve the transition from acoustic resolution to optical resolution.By modeling the degradation process from high-resolution image to low-resolution AR-PAM image with stable Gaussian noise(i.e.,mean state),a mean-reverting diffusion model is trained to learn prior information of the data distribution.Then the learned prior is employed to generate a high-resolution image from the AR-PAM image by iteratively sampling the noisy state.The performance of the proposed method was validated utilizing the simulated and in vivo experimental data under varying lateral resolutions and noise levels.The results show that an over 3.6-fold enhancement in lateral resolution was achieved.The image quality can be effectively improved,with a notable enhancement of∼66%in PSNR and∼480%in SSIM for in vivo data.
文摘Insensitive explosive detonation has wide applications in compressing and driving inert materials,and thereby the interaction between detonation and inert materials has received more attention.In this paper,a two-dimensional numerical simulation based on the Euler multiphase flow framework is used to investigate the reflection behavior of the insensitive explosive detonation propagating around a cylinder.The results show that there is a critical incident angle,defined as transition angle for detonation propagating around the cylinder,below which the regular reflection(RR)on the cylinder surface is observed.When the incident angle is greater than the transition angle,RR changes to Mach reflection.This transition angle is larger than that obtained by polar curve theory and the change of incident angle is used to interpret above phenomenon.In addition,the influence of cylindrical radius and detonation reaction zone width on the reflection behavior is examined.As the cylindrical radius increases,the height of Mach stem increases while the transition angle decreases and gradually approaches the value in pole curve theory.Von Neumann reflection is observed when the reaction zone width is relatively small.This is because the energy release rate in the reaction zone is high for small reaction zone width,resulting in the formation of a series of compression waves near the cylindrical interface.
基金Scientific Research Foundation for High-level Talents of Anhui University of Science and Technology(Grant No.2021yjrc38)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2208085QA27)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11972046,12002266)the authors would like to thank these foundations for financial support.
文摘2,4-dinitroanisole(DNAN)is a good replacement for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT)in melt-cast explosives due to its superior insensitivity.With the increasing use of DNAN-based melt-cast explosives,the prediction of reaction violence and hazard assessment of the explosives subjected to shock is of great significance.This study investigated the shock initiation characteristics for a DNAN-based melt-cast explosive,DHFA,using the one-dimensional Lagrangian apparatus.The embedded manganin gauges in the apparatus record the pressure histories at four Lagrangian positions and show that shock-todetonation transition in DHFA needs a high input shock pressure.The experimental data are analyzed to calibrate the Ignition and Growth model.The calibration is performed using an objective function based on both pressure history and the arrival time of shock.Good agreement between experimental and calculated pressure histories indicates the high accuracy of the calibrated parameters with the optimization method.
文摘马丁诺在15岁就开始职业演出,演奏技巧绝佳。同时,他也是位态度上非常开放的乐手,能够接受各种不同风格的元素,他的表现方式,直接开启了Sonny Sharrock等后来的前卫吉他手的道路。本论根据马丁诺在《Linear Expressions》中对和弦的替换思维方式,结合他于1970年01月01日在《Exit》中重新演绎的《Days Of Wine And Roses》《How insensitive》Solo线条部分,分析IIM7和弦之外连接。通过对马丁诺在《Linear Expressions》中提到的他对和弦进行下的小和弦替代思维方式,这种概念化的思维方式对吉他手、爵士乐手来说具有研究和学习的价值。本文主要分析了四种和弦进行下的替换思维,包括大大七和弦组,大小七和弦以及变化的属七和弦,半减七和弦。
文摘Auxin influences a variety of developmental and physiological processes. Early reports, suggested that auxin might affect plant stress response. We have identified a number of auxin responsive genes in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. by using cDNA an-ay and found that stress responsive genes, such as,Arabidopsis homolog of MEK kinase 1 (ATMEKK1), ReL/SpoT homolog 3 ( At-RSH3), Catalase 1 ( Cat1) and Ferritin 1 (Fer1), were down-regulated by auxin, indicating that auxin regulates ale expression of stress responsive genes. We also demonstrated that nitrilase genes, nitrilase I ( NIT]) and nitrilase 2 (NIT2) involving in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis, were induced by salinity stress, suggesting that the level of IAA might increase in response to salinity stress. To dissect the signal pathway involved in the interaction, two auxin insensitive mutants, auxin resistant 2 (axr2) and auxin resistant 1-3 (axrl-3) were used. Stress responsive genes were induced by salt stress in wild type and axr2, but not in axr1-3. The result suggests that die interaction between auxin and stress responses may be linked in the ubiquitin pathway.
文摘Polarization insensitive AlGaInAs InP semiconductor optical amplifier is realized at a wavelength of 1550nm.The active layer consists of three tensile strained wells with strain 0 40%.The amplifiers are fabricated to ridge waveguide structure with 7° tilted cavity.The two facets are coated with two layers of anti reflection Ti 3O 5/Al 2O 3 films.Residual facet reflectivity is found to be less than 0 03%.The semiconductor optical amplifer exhibits 20dB of signal gain and 7 2dBm of saturation output power with an excellent polarization insensitivity (less than 0 8dB) at 200mA and 1540nm window.
文摘Androgen receptor （AR） gene has been extensively studied in diverse clinical conditions. In addition to the point mutations, trinucleotide repeat （CAG and GGN） length polymorphisms have been an additional subject of interest and controversy among geneticists. The polymorphic variations in triplet repeats have been associated with a number of disorders, but at the same time contradictory findings have also been reported. Further, studies on the same disorder in different populations have generated different results. Therefore, combined analysis or review of the published studies has been of much value to extract information on the significance of variations in the gene in various clinical conditions. AR genetics has been reviewed extensively but until now review articles have focused on individual clinical categories such as androgen insensitivity, male infertility, prostate cancer, and so on. We have made the first effort to review most the aspects of AR genetics. The impact of androgens in various disorders and polymorphic variations in the AR gene is the main focus of this review. Additionally, the correlations observed in various studies have been discussed in the light of in vitro evidences available for the effect of AR gene variations on the action of androgens.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22005275)Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(STIP,No.2019L0584)+2 种基金Equipment Pre-research Weapons Industry Joint Fund(No.6141B012896)Equipment Pre-research Key Laboratory Fund(No.6142020305)the Advantage Disciplines Climbing Plan of Shanxi Province.
文摘Insensitive energetic materials are promising in the defense weapons field.However,energetic materials still suffer from great challenges and the concern about their safety limits their utilization.In this work,insensitive energetic explosive 3,30-diamino-4,40-azoxyfurazan/hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine(DAAF/RDX)microspheres were fabricated by self-assembly method.Rod-like DAAF/RDX was prepared by mechanical ball milling for comparison.DAAF/RDX composites with different mass ratios(90:10,80:20,and 70:30)were obtained.The morphologies and structures of as-obtained DAAF/RDX composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),powder x-ray diffraction(PXRD)and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).The results showed that DAAF/RDX microspheres exhibited regular shaped microspheres with sizes from 0.5 to 1.2 mm.There was no crystal transition during the modification process.The thermal properties of as-obtained materials were then evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)and materials studio software.DAAF/RDX microspheres showed an advanced decomposition peak temperature compared with rod-like DAAF/RDX.The binding energy and peak temperature values at zeroβ_(i)(T_(P0))of DAAF/RDX(90:10)increased by 36.77 kJ/mol,1.6℃,and 58.11 kJ/mol,12.3℃compared to DAAF/RDX(80:20)and DAAF/RDX(70:30),indicating the better thermal stability of DAAF/RDX(90:10).The characteristic drop height(H_(50))of DAAF/RDX(higher than 100 cm)composites was higher than that of raw RDX(25 cm),suggesting significant improvements in mechanical safety.The preparation of DAAF/RDX microspheres is promising for the desensitization of RDX and useful for the formation of other materials and future wide applications.
文摘A semiconductor optical amplifier gate based on tensile strained quasi bulk InGaAs is developed.At injection current of 80mA,a 3dB optical bandwidth of more than 85nm is achieved due to dominant band filling effect.Moreover,the most important is that very low polarization dependence of gain (<0 7dB),fiber to fiber lossless operation current (70～90mA) and a high extinction ratio (>50dB) are simultaneously obtained over this wide 3dB optical bandwidth (1520～1609nm) which nearly covers the spectral region of the whole C band (1525～1565nm) and the whole L band (1570～1610nm).The gating time is also improved by decreasing carrier lifetime.The wide band polarization insensitive SOA gate is promising for use in future dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) communication systems.
文摘A composite explosive based on 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane(RDX)was prepared by electrostaticspray method with dioctyl sebacate(DOS)as desensitizer.After preparation,the particle size and crystal structure were characterized and chemical features,such as chemical bonds,functional groups,thermal decomposition parameters and mechanical sensitivity were investigated as well.In terms of the morphologies of the composites,the particle sizes were in the range of 1e3 mm.Compared with RDX,the crystal types,chemical bonds and functional groups of the RDX/DOS composites were unchanged.The activation energy of the composites was lower than that of raw RDX,and the 3wt%DOS composites had the lowest activation energy.The impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity of the RDX/DOS composites were lower than those of raw RDX,and the 10wt%DOS composites had the highest H50(125.9 cm)and the lowest friction sensitivity(8%).
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2009CB118400)the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System,China(nycytx-004)
文摘The insensitive response to photoperiod and temperature is an important quantitative trait for soybean in wide adaptation breeding. The natural variation in response to photoperiod and temperature was detected using 275 accessions of soybean [Glycine max （L.） Merrill] from China. Genome-wide association mapping, based on population structure analysis, was carried out using 118 SSR markers by the TASSEL GLM （general linear model） program. Nine SSR markers （P〈0.01） were associated with the value of the response to photoperiod and temperature （VRPT） caused by days to flowering （DF）, among which, Satt308 （LG M）, Sattl50 （LG M） and Satt440 （LG l）, were identified in both 2006 and 2007. Twelve SSR markers （P〈0.01） were associated with VRPT caused by days to maturity （DM）, among which three markers, Satt387 （LG N）, Satt307 （LG C2） and AW310961 （LG J）, were detected in both 2006 and 2007. In addition, a total of 20 elite alleles were screened out over 2006 and 2007 for being associated with an insensitive response to photoperiod and temperature （IRPT） caused by DF and a total of seven different elite alleles were screened out for being associated with IRPT caused by DM. Among these elite alleles, five alleles, Satt150-244, Satt308-164, Satt308-206, Satt440-176, and Satt440-206, were associated with IRPT caused by DF and were identified in both years, but only one allele, Satt307-170, was identified as being associated with an IRPT caused by DM. Based on these elite alleles, a set of typical accessions were screened out. The result about the genetic basis of IRPT is meaningful for soybean wide adaption breeding.
基金The authors are grateful to the patients and their family members for participating in this study. This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （81771645 and 81471432 to YQT）.
文摘Androgen insensitivity syndrome （AIS）, an X-linked recessive genetic disorder of sex development, is caused by mutations in the androgen receptor （AR） gene, and is characterized by partial or complete inability of specific tissues to respond to androgens in individuals with the 46,XY karyotype. This study aimed to investigate AR gene mutations and to characterize genotype-phenotype correlations. Ten patients from unrelated families, aged 2-31 years, were recruited in the study. Based on karyotype, altered hormone profile, and clinical manifestations, nine patients were preliminarily diagnosed with complete AIS and one with partial AIS. Genetic analysis of AR gene revealed the existence of 10 different mutations, of which five were novel （c.2112 C〉G[p.STO4R], c.2290T〉A[p.Y764N], c.2626C〉T[p.Q876X], c.933dupC[p.K313Qfs＊28], and c.1067delC[p.A356Efs＊123]）; the other five were previously reported （c.1789G〉A[p.A597T], c.2566C〉T[p.R856C], c.2668G〉A[p.V890M], c.2679C〉T[p.P893L], and c.1605C〉G[p.Y535X]）. Regarding the distribution of these mutations, 60.0% were clustered in the ligand-binding domain of AR gene. Exons 1 and 8 of AR gene each accounted for 30.0% （3/10） of all mutations. Most of the truncation mutations were in exon 1 and missense mutations were mainly located in exons 4-8. Our study expands the spectrum of AR gene mutations and confirms the usefulness of AR gene sequencing to support a diagnosis of AIS and to enable prenatal or antenatal screening.
基金AlzChem Trostberg GmbH, Trostberg, Germany for funding this work
文摘This paper reviews the detonative properties of low bulk density(LBD),high bulk density(HBD)Nitroguanidine(NGu)(1),CAS-No:[556-88-7]and 82 explosive formulations based on NGu reported in the public domain.To rank the performance of those formulations they are compared with 15 reference compositions containing both standard high explosives such as octogen(HMX)(2),hexogen(RDX)(3),pentaerythritol tetranitrate(PETN)(4),2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT)(5)as well as insensitive high explosives such as 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazolone(NTO)(6),1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene(TATB)(7),1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene(FOX-7)(8)and N-Guanylurea dinitramide(FOX 12)(9).NGu based formulations are superior to those based on FOX-12 or TATB and are a close match with FOX-7 based explosives,the latter just having higher Gurney Energies(-10%)and slightly higher detonation pressure(+2%).NGu based explosives even reach up to 78% of the detonation pressure,82% Gurney energy and up to 95% of detonation velocity of HMX.LBD-NGu dissolves in many melt cast eutectics forming dense charges thereby eliminating the need for costly High Bulk Density NGu.Nitroguanidine based formulations are at the rock bottom of sensitiveness among all the above-mentioned explosives which contributes to the safety of these formulations.The review gives 132 references to the public domain.For a review on the synthesis spectroscopy and sensitiveness of Nitroguanidine see Ref.[1].
文摘Mutations in the X-linked androgen receptor （AR） gene cause androgen insensitivity syndrome （AIS）, resulting in an impaired embryonic sex differentiation in 46,XY genetic men. Complete androgen insensitivity （CAIS） produces a female external phenotype, whereas cases with partial androgen insensitivity （PALS） have various ambiguities of the genitalia. Mild androgen insensitivity （MAIS） is characterized by undermasculinization and gynecomastia. Here we describe a 2-month-old 46,XY female patient, with all of the characteristics of CAIS. Defects in testosterone （T） and dihydrotestosterone （DHT） synthesis were excluded. Sequencing of the AR gene showed the presence in exon 6 of a T to C transition in the second base of codon 790, nucleotide position 2369, causing a novel missense Leu790Pro mutation in the ligand-binding domain of the AR protein. The identification of a novel AR mutation in a girl with CAIS provides significant information due to the importance of missense mutations in the ligand-binding domain of the AR, which are able to induce functional abnormalities in the androgen binding capability, stabilization of active conformation, or interaction with coactivators.
基金Project supported by the Key Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province,China(Grant Nos.162102210164 and 1721023100107)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Educational Committee,China(Grant No.17A140002)
文摘A dualband terahertz(THz) absorber including periodically distributed cross-shaped graphene arrays and a gold layer spaced by a thin dielectric layer is investigated.Numerical results reveal that the THz absorber displays two perfect absorption peaks.To elucidate the resonant behavior, the LC model is introduced to fit the spectra.Moreover, the strength and linewidth of the absorption peak can be effectively tuned with structural parameters and the relaxation time of graphene.Owing to its rotational symmetry, this THz absorber exhibits polarization insensitivity.Our designed absorber is a promising candidate in applications of tunable optical sensors and optical filters.
文摘In this article, parametric study of single confined fragment launch device was carried out. The configuration proposed was further studied to derive the empirical relationship for effect of fragment size,charge size, confinement thickness on fragment velocity. The simulations were carried out using ANSYSAUTODYNE explicit solver. Fragment velocities were estimated as a function of different parametric combinations of explosive quantities, charge length to diameter ratio, fragment height to diameter ratio,confinement thickness, fragment material and fragment mass. The data was further converted to charge to metal ratio under fragment and confinement. It was observed that, increase in confinement thickness,charge quantity and decrease in fragment height increases the fragment velocity. It is also noted that,charge to metal mass ratio under fragment significantly affects the fragment velocity. At the end, an empirical relationship for fragment velocity interms of all these parameters was established. Using these relations, two velocities 1831.92 m/s and 2523.9 m/s required for NATO STANAG 4496 IM test were estimated. The design parameters for these velocities are presented. Also, the results estimated using the empirical relationship has been compared with published experimental data. Error in the predicted velocities is within the acceptable range. The empirical relationship proposed will be useful for finalization of design of the fragment launch device.
