[Objective] To explore artificial insemination technique for production of mule ducks. [Method] Female Cherry Valley ducks were artificially inseminated with semen collected from male Muscovy ducks by massage method a...[Objective] To explore artificial insemination technique for production of mule ducks. [Method] Female Cherry Valley ducks were artificially inseminated with semen collected from male Muscovy ducks by massage method and vagina-insemination method to investigate the effects of insemination dose, insemination interval, insemination time and diluents on fertilization rate. [ Result ] The average fertilization rate was only 39.58%, when the female Cherry Valley ducks naturally mated with the male Muscovy ducks. However, it was increased to 74.79% by artificial insemination. The fertilization rate was 75.24% after semen was diluted by PBS buffer, while it was 75.16% after semen was diluted by Lake＇s buffer; however, there was not significant difference between the fertilization rate of the diluted semen and that of fresh semen （74.10%）. After semen was respectively diluted by PBS buffer and Lake＇s buffer and then stored at 5 ℃ for 24 h, the fertilization rate was low, respectively 23.76% and 34133%. [ Conclusion] Artificial insemination technology can reduce insemination dose and increase fertilization rate in production of mule ducks.展开更多
Objective:To determine the prevalence of bacteriospermia,the bacterial load,and the potential factors associated with bacterial contamination in boar semen collected by local smallholder artificial insemination operat...Objective:To determine the prevalence of bacteriospermia,the bacterial load,and the potential factors associated with bacterial contamination in boar semen collected by local smallholder artificial insemination operators.Methods:Fifteen individual raw semen samples were collected from locally available artificial insemination boars owned by different smallholder boar operators within the 5th district of Leyte,Philippines and were subjected to standard bacteriological culture and identification,including a survey of potentially associated factors.Prevalence and bacterial count were determined accordingly,while boar characteristics and collection practices were clustered following agglomerative hierarchical clustering technique.Results:One hundred percent contamination with a bacterial count of(2.01±0.38)×10^(3) CFU/mL was observed.At least 73.33%of the samples were positive for Bacillus spp.,while other identified isolates included Enterobacter spp.,Staphylococcus spp.,E.coli,Pseudomonas spp.,Citrobacter spp.,and Klebsiella spp.Conclusions:Despite the high prevalence of bacteriospermia,the bacterial count is low.Nevertheless,on-farm practices on boar health and management,semen collection,and sanitation as well as the enhancement of basic protocols to control contamination should be conscientiously considered in smallholder artificial insemination operation.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the efficient technique of artificial insemination for silkworm. [Method] Sperms were extracted from bursa copulatrix of female moths mated for 30 min through extru...[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the efficient technique of artificial insemination for silkworm. [Method] Sperms were extracted from bursa copulatrix of female moths mated for 30 min through extruding and centrifugal method, and then the semen was injected into other virgin moths with trypsinase. [ Result] A high-effective collection technology of spermatids from silkworm was established successfully, 50 μl semen could be collected by only one person in each hour. The survival rate of spermatids was over 80% in vito after collected from bursa copulatrix, while the obtained semen was quite pure and the average fertilization rate of silkworm was 76,5%. [ Conclusion] The establishment of high-effective semen extraction technique of silkworm provides the technical basis for studies on other related techniques for silkworm sperm.展开更多
The goal of the giant panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca ) breeding program is to develop a self sustaining,genetically diverse population.Due to the common problems about sexual incompatibility and a limited number of...The goal of the giant panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca ) breeding program is to develop a self sustaining,genetically diverse population.Due to the common problems about sexual incompatibility and a limited number of captive born males that breed naturally,artificial insemination (AI) has become a critical genetic management tool.It is common practice,however,to combine natural mating and AI using semen from non breeding males.From 1998 to 2000 at the Wolong breeding facility,12 of 18 (66.7%) females produced 20 cubs following combined natural mating and AI.The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of AI without natural breeding.In 1998 and 2000,seven females were anesthetized for transcervical AI on two consecutive days.Ejaculates from six males were collected by electroejaculation,diluted in an egg yolk diluent containing 0% or 4% glycerol and used either fresh or following cold storage at 4℃ (for 24 or 48 h) or cryopreservation using the pellet freezing method.Mean (±SEM) ejaculate traits in six male sperm donors were:ejaculate volume,3.3±0.5 ml;sperm concentration,1,429.8±235.4×10 6/ml;sperm motility,81.7±2.1%;progression (0～5,5=best),3.1±0.1;and normal sperm,79.3±9.2%.For AI (n = 14) in seven females,mean inseminate traits were:spermic volume inseminated,2.4±0.3 ml;sperm motility,73.5±2.9%;progression,2.5±0.1;and total motile sperm inseminated/AI,684.2±118.2×10 6.Four of seven (57.1%) females became pregnant and produced five cubs of which four survived.Mean gestation and litter size was 131.5±9.7 days and 1.3±0.3 cubs/litter,respectively.These results indicate that the efficiency of AI is sufficient for recovering valuable genes from non breeding individuals to enhance genetic diversity in the ex situ population of giant pandas.展开更多
Background MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are presented in the uterine lumen of many mammals,and in vitro experiments have determined that several miRNAs are important for the regulation of endometrial and trophoblast functions.Our...Background MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are presented in the uterine lumen of many mammals,and in vitro experiments have determined that several miRNAs are important for the regulation of endometrial and trophoblast functions.Our aim was to identify and contrast the miRNAs present in extracellular vesicles(EVs)in the uterine lumen fluid(ULF)at the onset of attachment in cattle pregnancies(gestation d 18)initiated by artificial insemination(AI)or by the trans-fer of an in vitro-produced blastocyst(IVP-ET).A third group had no conceptus after the transfer of an IVP embryo.Results The abundance of 263 annotated miRNAs was quantified in the EVs collected from ULF.There was an increase in the transcript abundance of 20 miRNAs in the ULF EVs from the AI pregnant group,while 4 miRNAs had a lower abundance relative to the group not containing a conceptus.Additionally,4 miRNAs were more abun-dant in ULF EVs in the AI pregnant group relative to IVP-ET group(bta-mir-17,bta-mir-7-3,MIR7-1,MIR18A).Specific miRNAs in the ULF EVs were co-expressed with messenger RNAs expressed in extra-embryonic tissues and endome-trium,including genes that are known to be their targets.Conclusions The results provide biological insights into the participation of miRNAs in the regulation of trophoblast proliferation and differentiation,as well as in endometrium receptivity.The knowledge that in vitro cultured embryos can contribute to the altered abundance of specific miRNAs in the uterine lumen can lead to the development of cor-rective approaches to reduce conceptus losses during the first month of pregnancy in cattle.展开更多
Lazzaro Spallanzani(1729-1799)was a father of modern biology,with peculiar traits such as a multidisciplinary approach and penchant for scientific dissemination.Spallanzani consistently contributed to modern reproduct...Lazzaro Spallanzani(1729-1799)was a father of modern biology,with peculiar traits such as a multidisciplinary approach and penchant for scientific dissemination.Spallanzani consistently contributed to modern reproductive medicine by implementing experimental methods for the first historically successful artificial insemination.Nevertheless,he participated in discoveries pertaining to blood circulation,digestion,and respiration.Widely known in Europe in the eighteenth century,his fame prolonged to the following century,not exclusively through scientific acknowledgments,but even in literature.Nowadays,the figure of Spallanzani experience a kind of neglect and it would appear essential to maintain his work in the light of the history of medicine.展开更多
This paper aims to study the efficiency of two short-term progestagen (FGA vs. MAP) + eCG treatments in estrus synchronization and artificial insemination (AI) with fresh or chilled semen in Assaf ewes fertility rate....This paper aims to study the efficiency of two short-term progestagen (FGA vs. MAP) + eCG treatments in estrus synchronization and artificial insemination (AI) with fresh or chilled semen in Assaf ewes fertility rate. All ewes received a subcutaneous implant of exogenous melatonin 45 days before been treated with short-term progestagens + eCG. By June 1st, ewes were divided in two groups: half was treated with an intravaginal sponge impregnated with 20 mg of FGA and the other half with an intravaginal sponge impregnated with 60 mg of MAP. Progestagen treatments lasted for 6 days. At sponge withdraw, all ewes were injected with 750 IU of eCG. Ovarian activity was assessed by plasmatic progesterone levels before and after progestagens + eCG treatment. Semen was collected by electro ejaculation and extended with Andromed? or OviXcell?. AI was performed 55 hours after eCG administration with fresh or chilled semen. During AI several factors were assessed: vagina mucosa color and lubrication, external cervical Os type, cervical mucous viscosity, semen deposition place and seminal cervix outflow. Semen was deposited as deep as possible without distress or trauma cervix mucosa. All Assaf ewes presented cyclic activity before progestagen + eCG treatments (2nd fortnight of May). Short-term progestagen + eCG treatments were equally efficient (100.0%). About 76.5% of Assaf ewes were pregnant 41 days after AI. Fertility rate was influenced by external Os type, semen deposition place and seminal cervix outflow. However, this rate was not conditioned by vaginal color or lubrication, cervical mucus viscosity, semen preservation technic and semen extender.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to find out a method for low-cost and highly efficient sheep superovulation treatment and artificial insemination. [Method] The factors those probably influencing the results of convention...[Objective] This study aimed to find out a method for low-cost and highly efficient sheep superovulation treatment and artificial insemination. [Method] The factors those probably influencing the results of conventional superovulation and insemination, such as combination of FSH hormone and sponge suppository, estrus interval, number of insemination, and ram individuals were analyzed. [Result] The combination of sponge suppository and FSH produced in Beijing exhibited the poorest effect to superovulation, significantly worse than that of other combinations （P0.01）. The FSH produced in Ningbo, combined with sponge suppository or CIDR produced better effect to superovulation. The superovulation effect was better when the interval from the last FSH injection to estrus was 12 h, significantly better than that when the interval was 36 h （P0.01）; and there was no difference in the superovulation results when the interval was 0, 12 and 24 h. The pregnancy rate of two artificial inseminations was significantly higher than that of only one insemination （P0.01）. Rams themselves had significant influence on fertilization results. [Conclusion] The combination of domestic FSH and domestic sponge suppository cost much less and dose not reduce the superovulation results. Better fertilization result can be obtained if the ewes are inseminated twice with the sperm those gave high pregnancy rate.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to improve the quality and growth rate of native yellow cattle in Wenzhou.[Method]Three groups of cattle were subjected to artificial insemination using frozen semen from Wagyu bull.The groups...[Objective]The paper was to improve the quality and growth rate of native yellow cattle in Wenzhou.[Method]Three groups of cattle were subjected to artificial insemination using frozen semen from Wagyu bull.The groups consisted of 20 native yellow cattle,20 Angus catle,and 20 Luxi yellow cattle.The heifers were subsequently evaluated for body size and body weight,and underwent treatment with estrus synchronization,artificial insemination,and early pregnancy diagnosis.[Result]The mean body size and body weight of native yellow cattle were found to be significantly lower than those of Angus cattle and Luxi yellow cattle(P<0.05).The estrus synchronization rate and mating rate of native yellow cattle were both 100%,while the corresponding rates for Angus cattle and Luxi yellow cattle were 90%and 95%,respectively.The ultrasound examination conducted on the 32m day following the mating revealed a distinct image of gestation sac,which,when considered alongside the findings of the rectal examination,may be indicative of pregnancy.The conception rates were 75%,72%,and 74%for native yllow cattle,Angus cattle,and Luxi yellow cattle,respectively.[Conclusion]The reproductive performance of native beef cattle is relatively superior.展开更多
In the development process of contemporary aquaculture, in order to maximize the breeding effect, artificial insemination is usually used to reproduce. This method can effectively shorten the dry milk time of cows and...In the development process of contemporary aquaculture, in order to maximize the breeding effect, artificial insemination is usually used to reproduce. This method can effectively shorten the dry milk time of cows and improve the genetic properties, which improving the economic benefits of breeding industry. Because of that, artificial insemination technology has been widely applied in the field of cattle breeding, obtained the ideal effect, but if it did not take the right way, in the process of operation so will surely lead to the cow is affected, so you need to pay attention to the research and analysis, artificial insemination technology to enhance its management of technology, so as to enhance the practicability of technology. Based on this, combined with practical work experience, this paper first analyzes the practical significance of improving cattle breeds, and then discusses the problems faced by the implementation of artificial insemination technology, and puts forward some suggestions for reference.展开更多
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of a new artificial insemination(AI) device specifically designed for gilts(Deep cervical AI, Dp-CAI) by means of which the sperm is depos...Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of a new artificial insemination(AI) device specifically designed for gilts(Deep cervical AI, Dp-CAI) by means of which the sperm is deposited deeply in the cervix(8 cm more cranial than in traditional cervical insemination-CAI). New AI techniques have arisen in recent decades in the porcine industry, such as post-cervical artificial insemination(PCAI), which involves depositing the sperm in the body of the uterus [through a catheter(outer tube)-cannula(inner tube)] rather than by CAI. Although the PCAI method has been successfully applied in farm conditions to reduce sperm doses without impairing the reproductive performance, this technique has limitations in gilts mainly because of the difficulty involved in introducing the inner cannula through the cranial part of the cervix. For this reason, the Dp-CAI method described herein may be considered as an alternative to CAI and PCAI methods in gilts.Results: Gilts were divided in two experimental groups: 1) Dp-CAI: gilts(n = 1166) inseminated using 1.5 × 109 sperm/45 m L;2) CAI(as a control group): gilts(n = 130) inseminated using 2.5 × 10~9 sperm/85 mL. The Dp-CAI method was successfully applied in 88.90% of the gilts, with no differences detected between gilts with 1 or 2 previous oestrus cycles, although the catheter could be introduced more deeply in 2 oestrus gilts(P < 0.05). As the length of the insemination device that could not be introduced increased(at the moment of insemination), so the success rate of the Dp-CAI device fell, as did the total number of piglets born. When the reproductive output in CAI and Dp-CAI was compared, none of the parameters analysed [pregnancy and farrowing rates(%), and number of piglets born(total and live)] showed significant differences.Conclusions: The use of the Dp-CAI technique provides a new AI method as an alternative to CAI and PCAI for pigs. The device, especially designed for gilts, was used with a high degree of success reducing conventional sperm doses without impairing reproductive parameters.展开更多
Objective To compare the different ovarian stimulation protocols, clomiphene citrate （CC）, letrozole, human menopausal gonadotropin （hMG） only or combined with CC or letrozole in women undergoing artificial insemi...Objective To compare the different ovarian stimulation protocols, clomiphene citrate （CC）, letrozole, human menopausal gonadotropin （hMG） only or combined with CC or letrozole in women undergoing artificial insemination by donor （AID）. Methods In this prospective clinical trial, 671 couples prepared for AID cycles were randomly allocated to 6 groups according to receive different protocols for the first time, natural cycle （group A, n=l14）, CC （group B, n=lOl）, CC and hMG （group C, n=124）, letrozole （group D, n=97）, letrozole and hMG （group E, n=123） and hMG only （group F, n=l12）. Outcomes including total dose of hMG, duration of hMG therapy, dominant follicles number, endometrial thickness, rates of clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome （OHSS）, multiple pregnancy and can- celation were compared among the 6 groups. Results The total doses and duration of administered hMG were significantly lower in group C and group E than in group F. Dominant follicle number was significantly less in group A and more in group C than in other groups. Endometrial thickness of group B was significantly lower than that of other groups. Clinical pregnancy rate, multiple pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate, OHSS rate and cancelation rate were not statistically different among the stimulation groups. Conclusion AID cycles in which both CC and letrozole had been administered may require shorter duration and a lower total gonadotropin dose, while the clinical out-comes were similar.展开更多
The objective of this review is to confer semen collection and processing, and semen deposition technique in camel. Artificial insemination is an important technique to ensure rapid genetic improvement in camels. The ...The objective of this review is to confer semen collection and processing, and semen deposition technique in camel. Artificial insemination is an important technique to ensure rapid genetic improvement in camels. The use of AI has been reported in camel, although insemination trials are rare. The widely accepted methods of semen collection include electro ejaculation and artificial vagina (AV), but flushing of the epididymis with saline solution can also be used as an alternative. Depending on the method of semen processing, semen is usually used in raw condition or after extension. Whole semen is used within minutes or after few hours in the fresh raw method. In short-term preservation or liquid semen (within a few hours or days) and long-term preservation or frozen semen (months or years), extension of the semen ejaculate is carried out by adding extenders which is required in more efficient use of AI. Semen is extended under different temperatures (30°C, 25°C or 4°C), in short-term preservation. Cryopreservation is used to carry out long-term preservation. Different freezing procedures are represented by packaging methods such as ampoules or in plastic straws with different volumes (0.25, 0.5 or 4 ml) and pellets. The best time for insemination can only be determined by rectal palpation of the ovaries and/or ultrasonography. The other alternative is to inseminate at known intervals following induction of ovulation by hormonal treatment with human-chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH). The semen should be deposited into the uterus at least 24 hours after the onset of ovulation. Pregnancy rates depend on the semen extender, site of deposition and number of sperm deposited. Blood or milk progesterone assays, rectal palpation, and ultrasonic image detection of pregnancy are commonly used approaches of pregnancy diagnosis in camel.展开更多
The study was conducted to evaluate efficiency of artificial insemination (AI) service and constraints of AI service selected Districts of Harar National Region State, Ethiopia. A total of 320 dairy cows were randomly...The study was conducted to evaluate efficiency of artificial insemination (AI) service and constraints of AI service selected Districts of Harar National Region State, Ethiopia. A total of 320 dairy cows were randomly selected from six districts of Harari region;Jin’Eala, Shenkor, Hakim, Dire-Teyara, Aboker, Sofi. Data on dairy cattle management, artificial insemination (AI) service efficiency and constraints of AI service were generated using structured and semi-structured questionnaire. Forty three straws of frozen semen was sampled from the regional AI service centre, thawed and evaluated at the region level for its quality (motility, viability and morphology) following standard procedures. The overall mean percentage of frozen semen motility at regional level was 49.6. Semen production period (batch) and Breed (exotic blood level) had no effect on frozen semen motility. The mean percentage of viable (live) spermatozoa was 58.3. Sperm viability was not significantly influenced by Semen production period (batch) and, breed (exotic blood level). The overall mean percentages of major and minor sperm morphological defects were 5.6 and 21.8, respectively. Frozen sperm major morphological defects were significantly affected (p < 0.05) by Semen production period (batch), however sire breed has no effect (p > 0.05) on frozen sperm major morphological defects. Frozen sperm minor morphological defects were not significantly affected (P > 0.05) by both semen production period (batch) and sire breed (exotic blood level). The mean number of service per conception (NSC) in the current study was found to be 1.6. It was not significantly affected by previous season of calving, previous year of calving and parity. Non-return rate value of Harari region AI service center was 48.1%. Major constraints of AI service delivery system in the study area were feed shortage, problem in heat detection, service charge for AI, distance from AI service centre and husbandry problem. Additional shortage of input for AI service activity particularly semen and liquid nitrogen was reported as constraint of artificial insemination service in the study area, which interrupt smooth delivery of AI service.展开更多
A comparative of two induction methods of estrus induction and fertility has been carried out on 28 females Azawak zebu in Niger. This study mains chiefly and identifying the most effective method for better inseminat...A comparative of two induction methods of estrus induction and fertility has been carried out on 28 females Azawak zebu in Niger. This study mains chiefly and identifying the most effective method for better inseminations. The females have been divided into two sets following two intra-vaginal devices used. Two sub-sets of 7 females have been formed according to the PMSG dose associated with the treatment. Two inseminations have been carried out. The results are as follows： response to the induction： PRIDe, 57.14%; CIDR-B, 61.53%. Fertility rate： PRIDe, 28.57%; CIDR-B, 38.46%. There has been no significant difference to the estrus induction and fertility, between the PRIDe and the CIDR-B synchronization. Since the two methods virtually lead to the same response rate, the stock breeder can choose one of the methods depending on the cost and by paying attention to the feeding and less stressful factors.展开更多
This review comprehensively summarized the potential of artificial intelligence(AI)in the management of esophageal cancer.It highlighted the significance of AI-assisted endoscopy in Japan where endoscopy is central to...This review comprehensively summarized the potential of artificial intelligence(AI)in the management of esophageal cancer.It highlighted the significance of AI-assisted endoscopy in Japan where endoscopy is central to both screening and diagnosis.For the clinical adaptation of AI,several challenges remain for its effective translation.The establishment of high-quality clinical databases,such as the National Clinical Database and Japan Endoscopy Database in Japan,which covers almost all cases of esophageal cancer,is essential for validating multimodal AI models.This requires rigorous external validation using diverse datasets,including those from different endoscope manufacturers and image qualities.Furthermore,endoscopists’skills significantly affect diagnostic accuracy,suggesting that AI should serve as a supportive tool rather than a replacement.Addressing these challenges,along with country-specific legal and ethical considerations,will facilitate the successful integration of multimodal AI into the management of esophageal cancer,particularly in endoscopic diagnosis,and contribute to improved patient outcomes.Although this review focused on Japan as a case study,the challenges and solutions described are broadly applicable to other high-incidence regions.展开更多
Standard bacterial suspensions play a crucial role in microbiological diagnosis.Traditional prepar-ation methods,which rely heavily on manual operations,face challenges such as poor reproducibility,low ef-ficiency,and...Standard bacterial suspensions play a crucial role in microbiological diagnosis.Traditional prepar-ation methods,which rely heavily on manual operations,face challenges such as poor reproducibility,low ef-ficiency,and biosafety concerns.In this study,we propose a high-precision automated colony extraction and separation system that combines large-field imaging and artificial intelligence(AI)to facilitate intelligent screening and localization of colonies.Firstly,a large-field imaging system was developed to capture high-resolution images of 90 mm Petri dishes,achieving a physical resolution of 13.2μm and an imaging speed of 13 frames per second.Subsequently,AI technology was employed for the automatic recognition and localiza-tion of colonies,enabling the selection of target colonies with diameters ranging from 1.9 to 2.3 mm.Next,a three-axis motion control platform was designed,accompanied by a path planning algorithm for the efficient extraction of colonies.An electronic pipette was employed for accurate colony collection.Additionally,a bacterial suspension concentration measurement module was developed,incorporating a 650 nm laser diode as the light source,achieving a measurement accuracy of 0.01 McFarland concentration(MCF).Finally,the system’s performance was validated through the preparation of an Esckerichia coli(E.coli)suspension.After 17 hours of cultivation,E.coli was extracted four times,achieving the target concentration set by the system.This work is expected to enable rapid and accurate microbial sample preparation,significantly reducing de-tection cycles and alleviating the workload of healthcare personnel.展开更多
With the rapid advancements in biomedical engineering,bioprinting has emerged as a pivotal solution to address the shortage of organ transplants and advance disease model research.The evolution of bioprinting has prog...With the rapid advancements in biomedical engineering,bioprinting has emerged as a pivotal solution to address the shortage of organ transplants and advance disease model research.The evolution of bioprinting has progressed from the fabrication of simple models(1.0)to the fabrication of permanent implants(2.0),tissue engineering scaffolds(3.0),and complex biostructures utilizing living cells(4.0).Nevertheless,significant challenges remain,particularly in accurately replicating the structure and function of host tissues,selecting appropriate materials,and optimizing printing parameters.The integration of artificial intelligence(AI),especially machine learning,provides promising novel opportunities in bioprinting(5.0).This review systematically summarizes the current applications of AI in bioprinting,discussing both construction strategies and application scenarios.It also explores the potential of AI to improve bioprinting in the preparation of complex functional tissues and in situ tissue repair.Overall,the synergy between AI and bioprinting is poised to drive the development of personalized medicine,facilitate high-throughput preparation of in vitro models,and provide robust tools for regenerative medicine and precision healthcare.展开更多
This study addresses the challenges confronting the ideological and political construction of general artificial intelligence curriculum-namely,the dilution of value guidance amid pluralistic intellectual currents,the...This study addresses the challenges confronting the ideological and political construction of general artificial intelligence curriculum-namely,the dilution of value guidance amid pluralistic intellectual currents,the superficial internalization of concepts resulting from didactic pedagogy,and the ineffectiveness of character cultivation stemming from fragmented and decontextualized techno-ethical cases.This paper proposes centering the value proposition on“Serving the Nation through Science and Technology”.Leveraging the deeply integrated industry-academia-research-application synergy,we integrate ideological and political elements into the comprehensive technological practice workflow.To achieve this,we(1)incorporate authentic enterprise project practicums to foster students’sense of responsibility;(2)construct a virtual debate platform on technology ethics dilemmas to develop ethical discernment;and(3)organize solution competitions targeting urgent social problems to incubate technology-for-good initiatives.Collectively,these approaches enhance students’technological mission awareness,ethical sensitivity,and social responsibility.展开更多
文摘[Objective] To explore artificial insemination technique for production of mule ducks. [Method] Female Cherry Valley ducks were artificially inseminated with semen collected from male Muscovy ducks by massage method and vagina-insemination method to investigate the effects of insemination dose, insemination interval, insemination time and diluents on fertilization rate. [ Result ] The average fertilization rate was only 39.58%, when the female Cherry Valley ducks naturally mated with the male Muscovy ducks. However, it was increased to 74.79% by artificial insemination. The fertilization rate was 75.24% after semen was diluted by PBS buffer, while it was 75.16% after semen was diluted by Lake＇s buffer; however, there was not significant difference between the fertilization rate of the diluted semen and that of fresh semen （74.10%）. After semen was respectively diluted by PBS buffer and Lake＇s buffer and then stored at 5 ℃ for 24 h, the fertilization rate was low, respectively 23.76% and 34133%. [ Conclusion] Artificial insemination technology can reduce insemination dose and increase fertilization rate in production of mule ducks.
基金funded by the DOST-Philippine Council for Agriculture,Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development(PCAARRD)through the Visayas State University(Project Code:20201050-1.93)。
文摘Objective:To determine the prevalence of bacteriospermia,the bacterial load,and the potential factors associated with bacterial contamination in boar semen collected by local smallholder artificial insemination operators.Methods:Fifteen individual raw semen samples were collected from locally available artificial insemination boars owned by different smallholder boar operators within the 5th district of Leyte,Philippines and were subjected to standard bacteriological culture and identification,including a survey of potentially associated factors.Prevalence and bacterial count were determined accordingly,while boar characteristics and collection practices were clustered following agglomerative hierarchical clustering technique.Results:One hundred percent contamination with a bacterial count of(2.01±0.38)×10^(3) CFU/mL was observed.At least 73.33%of the samples were positive for Bacillus spp.,while other identified isolates included Enterobacter spp.,Staphylococcus spp.,E.coli,Pseudomonas spp.,Citrobacter spp.,and Klebsiella spp.Conclusions:Despite the high prevalence of bacteriospermia,the bacterial count is low.Nevertheless,on-farm practices on boar health and management,semen collection,and sanitation as well as the enhancement of basic protocols to control contamination should be conscientiously considered in smallholder artificial insemination operation.
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the efficient technique of artificial insemination for silkworm. [Method] Sperms were extracted from bursa copulatrix of female moths mated for 30 min through extruding and centrifugal method, and then the semen was injected into other virgin moths with trypsinase. [ Result] A high-effective collection technology of spermatids from silkworm was established successfully, 50 μl semen could be collected by only one person in each hour. The survival rate of spermatids was over 80% in vito after collected from bursa copulatrix, while the obtained semen was quite pure and the average fertilization rate of silkworm was 76,5%. [ Conclusion] The establishment of high-effective semen extraction technique of silkworm provides the technical basis for studies on other related techniques for silkworm sperm.
文摘The goal of the giant panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca ) breeding program is to develop a self sustaining,genetically diverse population.Due to the common problems about sexual incompatibility and a limited number of captive born males that breed naturally,artificial insemination (AI) has become a critical genetic management tool.It is common practice,however,to combine natural mating and AI using semen from non breeding males.From 1998 to 2000 at the Wolong breeding facility,12 of 18 (66.7%) females produced 20 cubs following combined natural mating and AI.The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of AI without natural breeding.In 1998 and 2000,seven females were anesthetized for transcervical AI on two consecutive days.Ejaculates from six males were collected by electroejaculation,diluted in an egg yolk diluent containing 0% or 4% glycerol and used either fresh or following cold storage at 4℃ (for 24 or 48 h) or cryopreservation using the pellet freezing method.Mean (±SEM) ejaculate traits in six male sperm donors were:ejaculate volume,3.3±0.5 ml;sperm concentration,1,429.8±235.4×10 6/ml;sperm motility,81.7±2.1%;progression (0～5,5=best),3.1±0.1;and normal sperm,79.3±9.2%.For AI (n = 14) in seven females,mean inseminate traits were:spermic volume inseminated,2.4±0.3 ml;sperm motility,73.5±2.9%;progression,2.5±0.1;and total motile sperm inseminated/AI,684.2±118.2×10 6.Four of seven (57.1%) females became pregnant and produced five cubs of which four survived.Mean gestation and litter size was 131.5±9.7 days and 1.3±0.3 cubs/litter,respectively.These results indicate that the efficiency of AI is sufficient for recovering valuable genes from non breeding individuals to enhance genetic diversity in the ex situ population of giant pandas.
基金Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no.2018-67015-31936 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
文摘Background MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are presented in the uterine lumen of many mammals,and in vitro experiments have determined that several miRNAs are important for the regulation of endometrial and trophoblast functions.Our aim was to identify and contrast the miRNAs present in extracellular vesicles(EVs)in the uterine lumen fluid(ULF)at the onset of attachment in cattle pregnancies(gestation d 18)initiated by artificial insemination(AI)or by the trans-fer of an in vitro-produced blastocyst(IVP-ET).A third group had no conceptus after the transfer of an IVP embryo.Results The abundance of 263 annotated miRNAs was quantified in the EVs collected from ULF.There was an increase in the transcript abundance of 20 miRNAs in the ULF EVs from the AI pregnant group,while 4 miRNAs had a lower abundance relative to the group not containing a conceptus.Additionally,4 miRNAs were more abun-dant in ULF EVs in the AI pregnant group relative to IVP-ET group(bta-mir-17,bta-mir-7-3,MIR7-1,MIR18A).Specific miRNAs in the ULF EVs were co-expressed with messenger RNAs expressed in extra-embryonic tissues and endome-trium,including genes that are known to be their targets.Conclusions The results provide biological insights into the participation of miRNAs in the regulation of trophoblast proliferation and differentiation,as well as in endometrium receptivity.The knowledge that in vitro cultured embryos can contribute to the altered abundance of specific miRNAs in the uterine lumen can lead to the development of cor-rective approaches to reduce conceptus losses during the first month of pregnancy in cattle.
文摘Lazzaro Spallanzani(1729-1799)was a father of modern biology,with peculiar traits such as a multidisciplinary approach and penchant for scientific dissemination.Spallanzani consistently contributed to modern reproductive medicine by implementing experimental methods for the first historically successful artificial insemination.Nevertheless,he participated in discoveries pertaining to blood circulation,digestion,and respiration.Widely known in Europe in the eighteenth century,his fame prolonged to the following century,not exclusively through scientific acknowledgments,but even in literature.Nowadays,the figure of Spallanzani experience a kind of neglect and it would appear essential to maintain his work in the light of the history of medicine.
文摘This paper aims to study the efficiency of two short-term progestagen (FGA vs. MAP) + eCG treatments in estrus synchronization and artificial insemination (AI) with fresh or chilled semen in Assaf ewes fertility rate. All ewes received a subcutaneous implant of exogenous melatonin 45 days before been treated with short-term progestagens + eCG. By June 1st, ewes were divided in two groups: half was treated with an intravaginal sponge impregnated with 20 mg of FGA and the other half with an intravaginal sponge impregnated with 60 mg of MAP. Progestagen treatments lasted for 6 days. At sponge withdraw, all ewes were injected with 750 IU of eCG. Ovarian activity was assessed by plasmatic progesterone levels before and after progestagens + eCG treatment. Semen was collected by electro ejaculation and extended with Andromed? or OviXcell?. AI was performed 55 hours after eCG administration with fresh or chilled semen. During AI several factors were assessed: vagina mucosa color and lubrication, external cervical Os type, cervical mucous viscosity, semen deposition place and seminal cervix outflow. Semen was deposited as deep as possible without distress or trauma cervix mucosa. All Assaf ewes presented cyclic activity before progestagen + eCG treatments (2nd fortnight of May). Short-term progestagen + eCG treatments were equally efficient (100.0%). About 76.5% of Assaf ewes were pregnant 41 days after AI. Fertility rate was influenced by external Os type, semen deposition place and seminal cervix outflow. However, this rate was not conditioned by vaginal color or lubrication, cervical mucus viscosity, semen preservation technic and semen extender.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of Autonomous Regions(201111113)Science and Technology Projects of Xinjiang Autonomous Regions(201291147)Key Special Project for Breeding and Cultivation of GMO Varieties(2011ZX08008-003)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to find out a method for low-cost and highly efficient sheep superovulation treatment and artificial insemination. [Method] The factors those probably influencing the results of conventional superovulation and insemination, such as combination of FSH hormone and sponge suppository, estrus interval, number of insemination, and ram individuals were analyzed. [Result] The combination of sponge suppository and FSH produced in Beijing exhibited the poorest effect to superovulation, significantly worse than that of other combinations （P0.01）. The FSH produced in Ningbo, combined with sponge suppository or CIDR produced better effect to superovulation. The superovulation effect was better when the interval from the last FSH injection to estrus was 12 h, significantly better than that when the interval was 36 h （P0.01）; and there was no difference in the superovulation results when the interval was 0, 12 and 24 h. The pregnancy rate of two artificial inseminations was significantly higher than that of only one insemination （P0.01）. Rams themselves had significant influence on fertilization results. [Conclusion] The combination of domestic FSH and domestic sponge suppository cost much less and dose not reduce the superovulation results. Better fertilization result can be obtained if the ewes are inseminated twice with the sperm those gave high pregnancy rate.
基金Supported by Wenzhou Science and Technology Commissioner Special Project(X2023070)Science and Technology Program Project of Taishun County(2023TSXM0028)Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation-Jointly Guided Project(LH2022C092).
文摘[Objective]The paper was to improve the quality and growth rate of native yellow cattle in Wenzhou.[Method]Three groups of cattle were subjected to artificial insemination using frozen semen from Wagyu bull.The groups consisted of 20 native yellow cattle,20 Angus catle,and 20 Luxi yellow cattle.The heifers were subsequently evaluated for body size and body weight,and underwent treatment with estrus synchronization,artificial insemination,and early pregnancy diagnosis.[Result]The mean body size and body weight of native yellow cattle were found to be significantly lower than those of Angus cattle and Luxi yellow cattle(P<0.05).The estrus synchronization rate and mating rate of native yellow cattle were both 100%,while the corresponding rates for Angus cattle and Luxi yellow cattle were 90%and 95%,respectively.The ultrasound examination conducted on the 32m day following the mating revealed a distinct image of gestation sac,which,when considered alongside the findings of the rectal examination,may be indicative of pregnancy.The conception rates were 75%,72%,and 74%for native yllow cattle,Angus cattle,and Luxi yellow cattle,respectively.[Conclusion]The reproductive performance of native beef cattle is relatively superior.
文摘In the development process of contemporary aquaculture, in order to maximize the breeding effect, artificial insemination is usually used to reproduce. This method can effectively shorten the dry milk time of cows and improve the genetic properties, which improving the economic benefits of breeding industry. Because of that, artificial insemination technology has been widely applied in the field of cattle breeding, obtained the ideal effect, but if it did not take the right way, in the process of operation so will surely lead to the cow is affected, so you need to pay attention to the research and analysis, artificial insemination technology to enhance its management of technology, so as to enhance the practicability of technology. Based on this, combined with practical work experience, this paper first analyzes the practical significance of improving cattle breeds, and then discusses the problems faced by the implementation of artificial insemination technology, and puts forward some suggestions for reference.
基金supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness(MINECO)the European Regional Development Fund(FEDER)(AGL2015–66341-R)the Séneca Foundation of Murcia(20040/GERM/16)
文摘Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of a new artificial insemination(AI) device specifically designed for gilts(Deep cervical AI, Dp-CAI) by means of which the sperm is deposited deeply in the cervix(8 cm more cranial than in traditional cervical insemination-CAI). New AI techniques have arisen in recent decades in the porcine industry, such as post-cervical artificial insemination(PCAI), which involves depositing the sperm in the body of the uterus [through a catheter(outer tube)-cannula(inner tube)] rather than by CAI. Although the PCAI method has been successfully applied in farm conditions to reduce sperm doses without impairing the reproductive performance, this technique has limitations in gilts mainly because of the difficulty involved in introducing the inner cannula through the cranial part of the cervix. For this reason, the Dp-CAI method described herein may be considered as an alternative to CAI and PCAI methods in gilts.Results: Gilts were divided in two experimental groups: 1) Dp-CAI: gilts(n = 1166) inseminated using 1.5 × 109 sperm/45 m L;2) CAI(as a control group): gilts(n = 130) inseminated using 2.5 × 10~9 sperm/85 mL. The Dp-CAI method was successfully applied in 88.90% of the gilts, with no differences detected between gilts with 1 or 2 previous oestrus cycles, although the catheter could be introduced more deeply in 2 oestrus gilts(P < 0.05). As the length of the insemination device that could not be introduced increased(at the moment of insemination), so the success rate of the Dp-CAI device fell, as did the total number of piglets born. When the reproductive output in CAI and Dp-CAI was compared, none of the parameters analysed [pregnancy and farrowing rates(%), and number of piglets born(total and live)] showed significant differences.Conclusions: The use of the Dp-CAI technique provides a new AI method as an alternative to CAI and PCAI for pigs. The device, especially designed for gilts, was used with a high degree of success reducing conventional sperm doses without impairing reproductive parameters.
基金supported by grants to NSFC(No.8130054881370763)a grant from the Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau(No.2012454)
文摘Objective To compare the different ovarian stimulation protocols, clomiphene citrate （CC）, letrozole, human menopausal gonadotropin （hMG） only or combined with CC or letrozole in women undergoing artificial insemination by donor （AID）. Methods In this prospective clinical trial, 671 couples prepared for AID cycles were randomly allocated to 6 groups according to receive different protocols for the first time, natural cycle （group A, n=l14）, CC （group B, n=lOl）, CC and hMG （group C, n=124）, letrozole （group D, n=97）, letrozole and hMG （group E, n=123） and hMG only （group F, n=l12）. Outcomes including total dose of hMG, duration of hMG therapy, dominant follicles number, endometrial thickness, rates of clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome （OHSS）, multiple pregnancy and can- celation were compared among the 6 groups. Results The total doses and duration of administered hMG were significantly lower in group C and group E than in group F. Dominant follicle number was significantly less in group A and more in group C than in other groups. Endometrial thickness of group B was significantly lower than that of other groups. Clinical pregnancy rate, multiple pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate, OHSS rate and cancelation rate were not statistically different among the stimulation groups. Conclusion AID cycles in which both CC and letrozole had been administered may require shorter duration and a lower total gonadotropin dose, while the clinical out-comes were similar.
文摘The objective of this review is to confer semen collection and processing, and semen deposition technique in camel. Artificial insemination is an important technique to ensure rapid genetic improvement in camels. The use of AI has been reported in camel, although insemination trials are rare. The widely accepted methods of semen collection include electro ejaculation and artificial vagina (AV), but flushing of the epididymis with saline solution can also be used as an alternative. Depending on the method of semen processing, semen is usually used in raw condition or after extension. Whole semen is used within minutes or after few hours in the fresh raw method. In short-term preservation or liquid semen (within a few hours or days) and long-term preservation or frozen semen (months or years), extension of the semen ejaculate is carried out by adding extenders which is required in more efficient use of AI. Semen is extended under different temperatures (30°C, 25°C or 4°C), in short-term preservation. Cryopreservation is used to carry out long-term preservation. Different freezing procedures are represented by packaging methods such as ampoules or in plastic straws with different volumes (0.25, 0.5 or 4 ml) and pellets. The best time for insemination can only be determined by rectal palpation of the ovaries and/or ultrasonography. The other alternative is to inseminate at known intervals following induction of ovulation by hormonal treatment with human-chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH). The semen should be deposited into the uterus at least 24 hours after the onset of ovulation. Pregnancy rates depend on the semen extender, site of deposition and number of sperm deposited. Blood or milk progesterone assays, rectal palpation, and ultrasonic image detection of pregnancy are commonly used approaches of pregnancy diagnosis in camel.
文摘The study was conducted to evaluate efficiency of artificial insemination (AI) service and constraints of AI service selected Districts of Harar National Region State, Ethiopia. A total of 320 dairy cows were randomly selected from six districts of Harari region;Jin’Eala, Shenkor, Hakim, Dire-Teyara, Aboker, Sofi. Data on dairy cattle management, artificial insemination (AI) service efficiency and constraints of AI service were generated using structured and semi-structured questionnaire. Forty three straws of frozen semen was sampled from the regional AI service centre, thawed and evaluated at the region level for its quality (motility, viability and morphology) following standard procedures. The overall mean percentage of frozen semen motility at regional level was 49.6. Semen production period (batch) and Breed (exotic blood level) had no effect on frozen semen motility. The mean percentage of viable (live) spermatozoa was 58.3. Sperm viability was not significantly influenced by Semen production period (batch) and, breed (exotic blood level). The overall mean percentages of major and minor sperm morphological defects were 5.6 and 21.8, respectively. Frozen sperm major morphological defects were significantly affected (p < 0.05) by Semen production period (batch), however sire breed has no effect (p > 0.05) on frozen sperm major morphological defects. Frozen sperm minor morphological defects were not significantly affected (P > 0.05) by both semen production period (batch) and sire breed (exotic blood level). The mean number of service per conception (NSC) in the current study was found to be 1.6. It was not significantly affected by previous season of calving, previous year of calving and parity. Non-return rate value of Harari region AI service center was 48.1%. Major constraints of AI service delivery system in the study area were feed shortage, problem in heat detection, service charge for AI, distance from AI service centre and husbandry problem. Additional shortage of input for AI service activity particularly semen and liquid nitrogen was reported as constraint of artificial insemination service in the study area, which interrupt smooth delivery of AI service.
文摘A comparative of two induction methods of estrus induction and fertility has been carried out on 28 females Azawak zebu in Niger. This study mains chiefly and identifying the most effective method for better inseminations. The females have been divided into two sets following two intra-vaginal devices used. Two sub-sets of 7 females have been formed according to the PMSG dose associated with the treatment. Two inseminations have been carried out. The results are as follows： response to the induction： PRIDe, 57.14%; CIDR-B, 61.53%. Fertility rate： PRIDe, 28.57%; CIDR-B, 38.46%. There has been no significant difference to the estrus induction and fertility, between the PRIDe and the CIDR-B synchronization. Since the two methods virtually lead to the same response rate, the stock breeder can choose one of the methods depending on the cost and by paying attention to the feeding and less stressful factors.
基金Supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,No.24K11935.
文摘This review comprehensively summarized the potential of artificial intelligence(AI)in the management of esophageal cancer.It highlighted the significance of AI-assisted endoscopy in Japan where endoscopy is central to both screening and diagnosis.For the clinical adaptation of AI,several challenges remain for its effective translation.The establishment of high-quality clinical databases,such as the National Clinical Database and Japan Endoscopy Database in Japan,which covers almost all cases of esophageal cancer,is essential for validating multimodal AI models.This requires rigorous external validation using diverse datasets,including those from different endoscope manufacturers and image qualities.Furthermore,endoscopists’skills significantly affect diagnostic accuracy,suggesting that AI should serve as a supportive tool rather than a replacement.Addressing these challenges,along with country-specific legal and ethical considerations,will facilitate the successful integration of multimodal AI into the management of esophageal cancer,particularly in endoscopic diagnosis,and contribute to improved patient outcomes.Although this review focused on Japan as a case study,the challenges and solutions described are broadly applicable to other high-incidence regions.
文摘Standard bacterial suspensions play a crucial role in microbiological diagnosis.Traditional prepar-ation methods,which rely heavily on manual operations,face challenges such as poor reproducibility,low ef-ficiency,and biosafety concerns.In this study,we propose a high-precision automated colony extraction and separation system that combines large-field imaging and artificial intelligence(AI)to facilitate intelligent screening and localization of colonies.Firstly,a large-field imaging system was developed to capture high-resolution images of 90 mm Petri dishes,achieving a physical resolution of 13.2μm and an imaging speed of 13 frames per second.Subsequently,AI technology was employed for the automatic recognition and localiza-tion of colonies,enabling the selection of target colonies with diameters ranging from 1.9 to 2.3 mm.Next,a three-axis motion control platform was designed,accompanied by a path planning algorithm for the efficient extraction of colonies.An electronic pipette was employed for accurate colony collection.Additionally,a bacterial suspension concentration measurement module was developed,incorporating a 650 nm laser diode as the light source,achieving a measurement accuracy of 0.01 McFarland concentration(MCF).Finally,the system’s performance was validated through the preparation of an Esckerichia coli(E.coli)suspension.After 17 hours of cultivation,E.coli was extracted four times,achieving the target concentration set by the system.This work is expected to enable rapid and accurate microbial sample preparation,significantly reducing de-tection cycles and alleviating the workload of healthcare personnel.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32471396,82230071,82172098,82201716,and 61973206)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC2411303)+4 种基金the Integrated Project of Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92249303)the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology(No.23141900600,Laboratory Animal Research Project)the Shanghai Clinical Research Plan of SHDC2023CRT01the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by the China Association for Science and Technology(No.YESS20230049)the Baoshan District Health Commission Talents(Excellent Academic Leaders)Program(No.BSWSYX-2024-05)。
文摘With the rapid advancements in biomedical engineering,bioprinting has emerged as a pivotal solution to address the shortage of organ transplants and advance disease model research.The evolution of bioprinting has progressed from the fabrication of simple models(1.0)to the fabrication of permanent implants(2.0),tissue engineering scaffolds(3.0),and complex biostructures utilizing living cells(4.0).Nevertheless,significant challenges remain,particularly in accurately replicating the structure and function of host tissues,selecting appropriate materials,and optimizing printing parameters.The integration of artificial intelligence(AI),especially machine learning,provides promising novel opportunities in bioprinting(5.0).This review systematically summarizes the current applications of AI in bioprinting,discussing both construction strategies and application scenarios.It also explores the potential of AI to improve bioprinting in the preparation of complex functional tissues and in situ tissue repair.Overall,the synergy between AI and bioprinting is poised to drive the development of personalized medicine,facilitate high-throughput preparation of in vitro models,and provide robust tools for regenerative medicine and precision healthcare.
基金supported by 2024 General Program from the Beijing Association of Higher Education(MS2024232).
文摘This study addresses the challenges confronting the ideological and political construction of general artificial intelligence curriculum-namely,the dilution of value guidance amid pluralistic intellectual currents,the superficial internalization of concepts resulting from didactic pedagogy,and the ineffectiveness of character cultivation stemming from fragmented and decontextualized techno-ethical cases.This paper proposes centering the value proposition on“Serving the Nation through Science and Technology”.Leveraging the deeply integrated industry-academia-research-application synergy,we integrate ideological and political elements into the comprehensive technological practice workflow.To achieve this,we(1)incorporate authentic enterprise project practicums to foster students’sense of responsibility;(2)construct a virtual debate platform on technology ethics dilemmas to develop ethical discernment;and(3)organize solution competitions targeting urgent social problems to incubate technology-for-good initiatives.Collectively,these approaches enhance students’technological mission awareness,ethical sensitivity,and social responsibility.
