Objective:To collate and summarize phenotypic insecticide susceptibility data of Indian malaria vectors from 2017 to 2024,focusing on insecticides used in adult vector control,dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane,malathi...Objective:To collate and summarize phenotypic insecticide susceptibility data of Indian malaria vectors from 2017 to 2024,focusing on insecticides used in adult vector control,dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane,malathion,deltamethrin,alpha-cypermethrin,and permethrin to identify resistance patterns to different classes of insecticides.Methods:The data included information on vector species,location of the study(state/district),insecticide tested,mortality percentage,and susceptibility classification based on the World Health Organization interpretation criteria.Retrospective data were collected from peer-reviewed publications(2017-2024)and up to June 2025.The data were collated for five major malaria vector species,namely Anopheles(An.)culicifacies,An.fluviatilis,An.stephensi,An.baimaii,and An.minimus.Results:Insecticide susceptibility data were available from 86 districts across 16 Indian states for 40615 mosquitoes.The majority of the data was on An.culicifacies(n=28308),followed by An.stephensi(n=5611),An.fluviatilis(n=5967),An.baimaii(n=365),and An.minimus(n=364).Intensity bioassays revealed low to moderate resistance levels in An.culicifacies populations from selected districts in 3 states,Odisha,Madhya Pradesh,and Chhattisgarh against deltamethrin and alpha-cypermethrin.Conclusions:This review highlights spatial and species-level variations in insecticide susceptibility among Indian malaria vectors.The low to moderate intensity suggested that it may not yet be severe enough to cause operational failure with current vector control interventions.Continued monitoring of insecticide resistance,as well as the use of new-generation insecticides and interventions,is suggested to sustain vector control efficacy and manage insecticide resistance in malaria vectors to support India’s malaria elimination.展开更多
Neonicotinoid insecticides(NEOs)have become an integral part of the global insecticide market due to their high efficiency and low toxicity.However,their environmental persistence has raised significant ecological con...Neonicotinoid insecticides(NEOs)have become an integral part of the global insecticide market due to their high efficiency and low toxicity.However,their environmental persistence has raised significant ecological concerns.Dongting Lake represents a vital freshwater lake in China,and its ecosystem health directly affects regional ecological balance and people’s livelihoods.This study systematically investigated the occurrence characteristics and ecological risks of NEOs in water bodies and sediments across the Dongting Lake basin.Based on surface water and sediment samples collected from 26 representative sampling sites,this study quantified nine NEOs using liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.Furthermore,it assessed ecological risks posed by the NEOs using the risk quotient(RQ)method and fugacity modeling.The results revealed the presence of six NEOs in the water bodies:imidacloprid(IMI),acetamiprid(ACE),clothianidin(CLO),thiamethoxam(THIA),flonicamid(FLO),and dinotefuran(DIN).The total concentrations of these six NEOs averaged 275.11 ng/L.Five predominant NEOs(i.e.,IMI,THIA,ACE,CLO,and DIN)were identified in the sediments,with a mean concentration of 0.31 ng/g.The NEO concentrations in the water bodies across the Dongting Lake basin increased in the order of the Xiangjiang,Zishui,Yuanjiang,and Lishui rivers(collectively referred to as the Four Rivers),the mainstream of Dongting Lake,the Xinqiang River,the Miluo River,and the Hudu,Ouchi,and Songzi rivers(collectively referred to as the Three Outlets).Sediments from tributaries progressively accumulate in the lake.The ecological risk assessment identified IMI and DIN as the highest-risk compounds(RQ>1),with high-risk areas concentrated in the mainstream of Dongting Lake and the Ouchi,Miluo,and Hudu rivers.The fugacity model showed that IMI,ACE,and THIA are prone to diffuse from sediments to water bodies in most areas,with fugacity fractions(ff)values of greater than 0.5.In contrast,the mainstream of Dongting Lake acts as a sink of CLO and DIN(ff values:<0.5).Sediments at the lake’s outlet emerge as an important sink of NEOs.Based on the results of this study,it is advisable to strengthen the supervision of NEO applications in agricultural areas and to implement zonal control strategies.These measures will help reduce ecological risks and protect the safety of water ecosystems in the Dongting Lake region.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to determine control effects of the 6 insecticides and recommended the optimal doses. [Method] In 2014, the control effects of sophocarpidine, pymetrozine, beta-cypermethrin, acetamiprid, imida...[Objective] The aim was to determine control effects of the 6 insecticides and recommended the optimal doses. [Method] In 2014, the control effects of sophocarpidine, pymetrozine, beta-cypermethrin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, and chlor- pyrifos on wheat aphids were tested, and every pesticide was designed with three doses in Shou County, Anhui Province, to explore the significance of differences on control effects. [Result] The results showed that the control effects of the 6 insecti- cides were satisfied, and the insecticides were safe on wheat. [Conclusion] During initial diseasing stage of aphid, it is recommended to use sophocarpidine soluble concentrate （1.5%）, pymetrozine water dispersible granule （50%）, imidacloprid wet- table powder （25%）, and acetamiprid wettable powder （5%）, and chlorpyrifos missi- ble oil （40%）, cypermethrin missible oil （4.5%） and imidacloprid wettable powder （25%） can be applied in peak-diseasing stage.展开更多
The resistance of field populations of Plutella xylostella, from the three vegetable producing areas （Nianyuxu Town of Yueyang City, Canggang Town of Changde City and Shatou Town of Yiyang City） in northern Hunan, t...The resistance of field populations of Plutella xylostella, from the three vegetable producing areas （Nianyuxu Town of Yueyang City, Canggang Town of Changde City and Shatou Town of Yiyang City） in northern Hunan, to seven insecticides was determined using leaf dipping method in door. The results showed that Plutella xylostella showed an extremely high-level resistance to beta-cypermethrin （resistance ratio, RR=257.13）, a high-level resistance to abamectin （RR=135.15） and indoxacarb （RR=103.08） and a moderate-level resistance to chlorfenapyr and emamectin benzoate. But Plutella xylostella is relatively sensitive to chlorantraniliprole and Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt）. Therefore, the prevention of Plutella xylostella in northern Hunan should focus on the alternative use of chlorfenapyr, emamectin benzoate, chlorantraniliprole and Bacillus thuringiensis and avoid the use of beta-cypermethrin so as to delay the generation and development of resistance to insecticides in Plutella xylostella.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to select insecticides effective in contrlling Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Infecting Pitaya. [Method] Efficacy effects of 11 insecticides in 22 concentrations were performed on Pseudaulacaspis pe...[Objective] The aim was to select insecticides effective in contrlling Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Infecting Pitaya. [Method] Efficacy effects of 11 insecticides in 22 concentrations were performed on Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Infecting Pitaya. [Result] When the insecticides were sprayed after 14 d, the treatment group with 22.4% spirotetramat SC at two concentrations proved the best, with control effects at 95.24% and 92.05%, followed by Nurelle at two concentrations, with control effects at 90.86% and 89.19%, and the control effects of chlorpyrifos （x2 000） was the poorest at only 67.08%. Therefore, it is feasible to make use of 22.4% spirotetramat SC, chlorpyrifos EC and Nurelle EC alternatively in controlling Pseudaulacaspis pentagona in case of pesticide resistance. [Conclusion] The research provided references for scientific use of insecticides in controlling Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Infecting Pitaya.展开更多
Luseweilei is an easily-bursted microcapsule insecticide. A test of effectiveness of the insecticide to control the larvae of Dendrolimus superans T. was carried out in larch forest in Baoan Forest Farm of Nehe City, ...Luseweilei is an easily-bursted microcapsule insecticide. A test of effectiveness of the insecticide to control the larvae of Dendrolimus superans T. was carried out in larch forest in Baoan Forest Farm of Nehe City, Heilongjiang Province, in April 2001. The solutions of different concentrations (1:150, 1:250, 1:350, and 1:450 Luseweilei : water) were sprayed on the larch trunk before the overwintering larvae climbing on trees and the spraying lengths (height) designed were 1.0, 2.5, and 3.5 m high from ground. The control result showed that spraying 150-, 250-, and 350-fold solutions of the insecticide all produced a good control result, with a mortality rate of 97%, but the 450-fold solution only produced 70% mortality. It is concluded that this insecticide can be used as a kind of good insecticide to control the overwintering larvae of D. superans in spring. Spraying 350-fold solution of easy-burst microcapsule insecticide and one meter spraying length are recommended for the future application..展开更多
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is one of the most widely used vegetable in the world,and different pesticides have been extensively used for controlling the insects and disease pathogens of this plant.However,little is kn...Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is one of the most widely used vegetable in the world,and different pesticides have been extensively used for controlling the insects and disease pathogens of this plant.However,little is known about how the pesticides affect the microbial community in cucumber phyllosphere.This study was the first attempt to assess the impact of pyrethroid insecticide cyperemethrin on the microbial communities of cucumber phyllosphere using biochemical and genetic approaches.Phospholipid fatty ac...展开更多
Chemical pesticides play crucial roles in the management of crop diseases and pests. However, excessive and irrational use of pesticides has become a major concern and obstacle to sustainable agriculture. As a result,...Chemical pesticides play crucial roles in the management of crop diseases and pests. However, excessive and irrational use of pesticides has become a major concern and obstacle to sustainable agriculture. As a result, the quality and security of agricultural products are reduced, and the ecological and environmental integrities are threatened. Recently, environment-friendly pest management measures have been introduced and adopted to manage rice insect pests and reduce the use of insecticides. This paper reviewed the advancements in development and application of non-chemical technologies for insect pest management during rice production in China.展开更多
Fall armyworm has invaded China and colonized its populations in tropical and sub-tropical regions of South China since December 2018.Chemical spray has been widely used to control the pest,which shall lead to resista...Fall armyworm has invaded China and colonized its populations in tropical and sub-tropical regions of South China since December 2018.Chemical spray has been widely used to control the pest,which shall lead to resistance evolution.In this research,we collected five populations of the pest from Yunnan,Hainan,Tibet,and Fujian of China,and tested their susceptibilities to pyrethroid,organophosphorus,oxadiazine,diamide,antibiotics and other types of insecticides(14 insecticides totally)in the laboratory.Based on the susceptible baseline published from the previous studies,the resistance ratio was 615-1068-fold to chlorpyrifos,60-388-fold to spinosad,26-317-fold to lambda-cyhalothrin,13-29-fold to malathion,9-33-fold to fenvalerate,8-20-fold to deltamethrin,3-8-fold to emamectin benzoate and 1-2-fold to chlorantraniliprole,respectively.The median lethal concentration(LC_(50))of other six insecticides without the susceptible baselines was 148.27-220.96μgmL^(-1) for beta-cypermethrin,87.03-128.43μgmL^(-1) for chlorfenapyr,16.35-99.67μgmL^(-1) for indoxacarb,10.55-51.01μgmL^(-1) for phoxim,7.08-8.78μgmL^(-1) for M-EBI(the mixed insecticide of emamectin benzoate and indoxcarb)and 1.49-4.64μg mL^(-1) for cyantraniliprole.This study can be helpful for chemical control as well as for resistance monitoring and management of the pest in China.展开更多
Distribution of horizontal boom produced droplets downwards into maize canopies at flowering period and its effects on the efficacies of emamectin benzoate, lambda-cyhalothrin and chlorantraniliprole against the secon...Distribution of horizontal boom produced droplets downwards into maize canopies at flowering period and its effects on the efficacies of emamectin benzoate, lambda-cyhalothrin and chlorantraniliprole against the second generation of Asian corn borer （ACB） larvae and their toxicity to spiders were studied. When insecticides were sprayed downwards into the maize canopies, randomly filtering out droplets by upper leaves led to great variations of droplet coverage and density within the canopies. Consequently, the efficacies of lambda-cyhalothrin and emamectin benzoate against ACB larvae were decreased because of randomly filtering out droplets by upper leaves. But field investigation showed that lambda-cyhalothrin was extremely toxic to hunting spiders, Xysticus ephippiatus, and not suitable to IPM programs in regulation of the second generation of ACB. Therefore, randomly filtering out droplets by upper leaves decreased lambda-cyhalothrin＇s efficacy against ACB larvae, but did little to decrease its toxicity to X. ephippiatus. Amamectin benzoate can reduce the populations of X. ephippiatus by 58.1-61.4%, but the populations can recover at the end of the experiment. Chlorantraniliprole was relatively safe to X. ephippiatus. It only reduced the populations of X. ephippiatus by 22.3-33.0%, and the populations can totally recover 9 d after application.展开更多
Resistance of five field populations of Mythimna separata（Walker） collected from Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces of China to six different insecticides was evaluated by leaf dip method in the laboratory. The results sh...Resistance of five field populations of Mythimna separata（Walker） collected from Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces of China to six different insecticides was evaluated by leaf dip method in the laboratory. The results showed that all populations were relatively sensitive to emamectin benzoate with a resistance ratio（RR） of 0.583–1.583 folds. All populations showed susceptible or low level resistance to chlorantraniliprole and beta-cypermethrin. Compared with a relatively susceptible strain of M. separata, the resistance level of the whole populations ranged from susceptible to moderate to chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin, moderate to high to phoxim（RR=19.367–70.100） except for population from Sanyuan County（RR=2.567）. Pair-wise correlation analysis among different insecticides indicated that chlorpyrifos has a significantly positive and significant correlation with emamectin benzoate. Chlorantraniliprole didn＇t have significant correlation with emamectin benzoate, chlorpyrifos and phoxim. Therefore, emamectin benzoate, chlorantraniliprole and beta-cypermethrin are recommended to control oriental armyworm. Meanwhile, to postpone the occurrence and development of insecticide resistance in Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces, alternative and rotational application of insecticides between chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate or chlorpyrifos is necessary.展开更多
The combinative rate measurement of （3-[I125] iodotyrosyl） α-bungarotoxin was applied in the analysis of the relation between nerve acetylcholine receptor and three types of insecticide resistance in diamondback mo...The combinative rate measurement of （3-[I125] iodotyrosyl） α-bungarotoxin was applied in the analysis of the relation between nerve acetylcholine receptor and three types of insecticide resistance in diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella （L.）. In the dimehypo-resistant strain and in the cartap-resistant strain, the nerve acetylcholine receptor showed the remarkable insensitivity to dimehypo and cartap, of which the binding rate to ligand was approximately 66 and 60%, respectively, of the susceptible strain. The sensitivity to deltamethrin in the deltamethrin-resistant strain did not show visible change. These results indicated that the decline in the sensitivity of nerve acetylcholine receptor to insecticide might be a potential mechanism to nereistoxin insecticides resistance in the diamondback moth.展开更多
Objective:To elucidate the larvicidal potency of neem, chinaberry and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis(Bti) to larvae of Anopheles arabiensis under semi-field condition and adult susceptibility/resistance to the con...Objective:To elucidate the larvicidal potency of neem, chinaberry and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis(Bti) to larvae of Anopheles arabiensis under semi-field condition and adult susceptibility/resistance to the conventionally used insecticides in Tolay,Southwestern Ethiopia.Methods: Wild collected 3rd and 4th stage larvae were exposed to neem, and chinaberry seed powder dissolved in water and Bti in artificial containers at three treatment levels:0.2, 0.1 and 0.05 g/m^2 and controls were free of treatments. Larval and pupal mortalities were monitored daily and residual activities were determined. The experiments were replicated three times. The World Health Organization tube test for all classes of insecticides was conducted on adult Anopheles arabiensis reared from field collected larvae and pupae. Data were analyzed using STATA software version 11.Results: In the first application, neem powder caused 88.9%, 87.9% and 79.4% larval and pupal mortality at 0.2, 0.1 and 0.05 g/m^2 after 4.3, 6.0 and 5.7 days, respectively. The corresponding killing effect of chinaberry was 80.3%, 62.1% and 30.3% after 7.0, 7.7 and 8.3days respectively. Bti at all treatments killed 100% after 24 h except 2.7 days for 0.05 g/m^2.Adult mosquitoes were susceptible only for fenitrothion and pirimiphos-methyl with 100%mortality while resistant to deltamethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, etofenprox and dichlorodiphenyl-tricgloroethane with only 9.0%, 3.0%, 5.1% and 2.0% mortalities respectively.Conclusions: Neem, chinaberry and Bti showed potent larvicidal and pupicidal activities. However, in the area, high level of mosquito resistance to pyrethroids and dichlorodiphenyl-tricgloroethane was seen which will pose serious challenge to vector control in the future. Therefore, using integrated approach including these botanical larvicides is warranted to manage insecticide resistance.展开更多
Susceptibility to insecticides was investigated by collecting field populations of brown planthopper from different locations of southern Karnataka, India （Gangavati, Kathalagere, Kollegala, Soraba and Mandya）. All ...Susceptibility to insecticides was investigated by collecting field populations of brown planthopper from different locations of southern Karnataka, India （Gangavati, Kathalagere, Kollegala, Soraba and Mandya）. All the field populations differed in their susceptibility to insecticides. In general, Soraba and Mandya populations were more susceptible to insecticides compared to Gangavati and Kathalagere populations. The resistance ratios varied greatly among the populations viz., chlorpyriphos （1.13- to 16.82-fold）, imidacloprid （0.53- to 13.50-fold）, acephate （1.34- to 5.32-fold）, fipronil （1.13- to 4.06-fold）, thiamethoxam （1.01- to 2.19-fold）, clothianidin （1.92- to 4.86-fold）, dinotefuran （0.82- to 2.22- fold）, buprofezin （1.06- to 5.43-fold） and carbofuran （0.41- to 2.17-fold）. The populations from Gangavati Kathalagere and Kollegala exhibited higher resistance to some of the old insecticides and low resistance to new molecules.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the susceptibility of Anopheles stephensi(An. stephensi) Liston, the main malaria vector in southern Iran, to WHO recommended insecticides. Methods: Larvae of An. stephensi were collected from t...Objective: To evaluate the susceptibility of Anopheles stephensi(An. stephensi) Liston, the main malaria vector in southern Iran, to WHO recommended insecticides. Methods: Larvae of An. stephensi were collected from three different larval habitats in both urban and rural area of Bandar Abbas city and one rural area in Rudan county southern Iran. WHO standard method was used for evaluation of adult and larval mosquito susceptibility. Bendiocarb, permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin as insecticide and temephos and chlorpyriphos as larvicide were used at the diagnostic dosages recommended by WHO. Results: Findings of this study showed all larval populations of An. stephensi were completely susceptible to temephos and candidate for resistance to chlorpyriphos. Adult mosquitoes in rural areas of Bandar Abbas city were resistant to pyrethroid and carbamate insecticides. Conclusion: Comparison of the results of this survey with previous studies indicates that the resistance to pyrethroids and carbamates in this malaria endemic region is increasing. Wide use of pesticides in agriculture is certainly effective in increasing resistance. The inter-sectoral coordination and collaboration in health and agriculture seem to be necessary to manage insecticide resistance in malaria vectors.展开更多
Objective: To determine the susceptibility status of Anopheles maculipennis(An. maculipennis) against the major insecticides used in the health sectors in West Azarbaijan Province, Northwestern Iran.Methods: Unfed 3-5...Objective: To determine the susceptibility status of Anopheles maculipennis(An. maculipennis) against the major insecticides used in the health sectors in West Azarbaijan Province, Northwestern Iran.Methods: Unfed 3-5 days old adult females of An. maculipennis were collected across the West Azarbaijan Province and were subjected to evaluation of their susceptibility following World Health Organization recommended protocol against six insecticides(permethrin, deltamethrin, propoxur, bendiocarb, malathion and dieldrin) belonging to four different classes. Results: In this study, 916 specimens of An. maculipennis were examined against the insecticides which indicated that An. maculipennis was tolerant to permethrin, deltamethrin and dielderin, but displayed resistance against propoxur, bendiocarb and malathion. Conclusions: The pattern of resistance in An. maculipennis could be attributed to the agricultural landscapes, agricultural pesticides used and the exposure of the mosquitoes to insecticides. Logical cooperation is needed between the agriculture and health sectors to ensure the judicious use of pesticides in each sector and the management of probable resistance.展开更多
The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci（Hemiptera：Aleyrodidae）is an extremely polyphagous insect pest that causes significant crop losses in Israel and worldwide.B.tabaci is a species complex of which the B and Q b...The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci（Hemiptera：Aleyrodidae）is an extremely polyphagous insect pest that causes significant crop losses in Israel and worldwide.B.tabaci is a species complex of which the B and Q biotypes are the most widespread and damaging worldwide.The change in biotype composition and resistance to insecticide in Israel was monitored during the years 2008-2010 to identify patterns in population dynamics that can be correlated with resistance outbreaks.The results show that B biotype populations dominate crops grown in open fields,while Q biotype populations gradually dominate crops grown in protected conditions such as greenhouses and nethouses,where resistance outbreaks usually develop after several insecticide applications.While in previous years,Q biotype populations were widely detected in many regions in Israel,significant domination of the B biotype across populations collected was observed during the year 2010,indicating the instability of the B.tabaci population from one year to another.Reasons for the changing dynamics and the shift in the relative abundance of B.tabaci biotype,and their resistance status,are discussed.展开更多
Carboxylesterase(CarE)was considered as important phase-I detoxifying enzymes which participated in detoxification of different types of insecticides.Up-regulation of CarE genes has been proved playing a major role in...Carboxylesterase(CarE)was considered as important phase-I detoxifying enzymes which participated in detoxification of different types of insecticides.Up-regulation of CarE genes has been proved playing a major role in insecticide resistance in many pest insects,but its involvement in resistance to insecticides in Plutella xylostella has been rarely reported.In this study,a CarE cDNA named PxαE8 was identified in P.xylostella,which has an open reading frame of 1599 nucleotides and putatively encodes 532 amino acids.The investigation of spatial expression profiles of PxαE8 revealed that it was expressed in all developmental stages,especially in larvae and adults.The body part/tissue-specific expression profiles showed that the PxαE8 mainly expressed in fat body,malpighian tubule and hemolymph of larvae.Further,the relative expression of PxαE8 in two multi-resistant field populations,Hainan(HN)and Guangdong(GD)populations,was found 24.4-and 15.5-fold higher than that in susceptible population,respectively.Knockdown of PxαE8 by RNA interference dramatically increased the mortalities of larvae of HN population treated with LC_(50) of beta-cypermethrin and phoxim by 25.3 and 18.3%,respectively.These results suggested that up-regulation of PxαE8 was involved in resistance to both beta-cypermethrin and phoxim in P.xylostella,which shed light on further understanding of molecular mechanisms of multi-insecticide-resistance in P.xylostella and other pest insects.展开更多
Most national malaria control programmes rely extensively on pyrethroid insecticides to control mosquito vectors of this disease. Unfortunately, the intensive use of this class of insecticides both in public health an...Most national malaria control programmes rely extensively on pyrethroid insecticides to control mosquito vectors of this disease. Unfortunately, the intensive use of this class of insecticides both in public health and agriculture has led to its reduced efficacy. The objective of this review was to assess the role of agricultural pesticides use on the development of resistance to insecticides in malaria vectors and the potential impact of this resistance on control activities. We searched library catalogues and public databases for studies that included data on resistance to the major classes of insecticides: organochlorines, carbamates, organophosphates and pyrethroids, in the malaria vectors of Anopheles genera. There is a strong geographical bias in published studies many originating from West African countries. Several studies demonstrate that resistance to pyrethroids is widespread in the major malaria vectors of the Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus complexes. Assessing the impact of insecticide resistance on vector control is complicated owing to the lack of studies into the epidemiological consequences of resistance on the control of malaria and other vector borne diseases.展开更多
HNPC-A9908 （o-（3-phenoxybenzyl）-2-methylthio-1-（4-chlorophenyl） propyl ketone oxime）, a novel oxime insecticide, is a highly effective and broad-spectrum insecticide which can be widely used to control many spec...HNPC-A9908 （o-（3-phenoxybenzyl）-2-methylthio-1-（4-chlorophenyl） propyl ketone oxime）, a novel oxime insecticide, is a highly effective and broad-spectrum insecticide which can be widely used to control many species of foliar insects on various crops. A study was conducted to evaluate the fate of HNPC-A9908 and study the degradation dynamics of HNPC-A9908 residue in vegetable field ecosystem. The results showed that degradation of HNPC-A9908 was much faster in vegetable pakchoi than in soil, and its half-life in pakchoi and soil was 1.32 and 3.75 d, respectively. The final residue of HNPC-A9908 in pakchoi was at the undetectable level to 0.122 mg/kg. As a conclusion, a dosage of 90 g/hm^2 was suggested and considered to be safe to human beings and animals.展开更多
文摘Objective:To collate and summarize phenotypic insecticide susceptibility data of Indian malaria vectors from 2017 to 2024,focusing on insecticides used in adult vector control,dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane,malathion,deltamethrin,alpha-cypermethrin,and permethrin to identify resistance patterns to different classes of insecticides.Methods:The data included information on vector species,location of the study(state/district),insecticide tested,mortality percentage,and susceptibility classification based on the World Health Organization interpretation criteria.Retrospective data were collected from peer-reviewed publications(2017-2024)and up to June 2025.The data were collated for five major malaria vector species,namely Anopheles(An.)culicifacies,An.fluviatilis,An.stephensi,An.baimaii,and An.minimus.Results:Insecticide susceptibility data were available from 86 districts across 16 Indian states for 40615 mosquitoes.The majority of the data was on An.culicifacies(n=28308),followed by An.stephensi(n=5611),An.fluviatilis(n=5967),An.baimaii(n=365),and An.minimus(n=364).Intensity bioassays revealed low to moderate resistance levels in An.culicifacies populations from selected districts in 3 states,Odisha,Madhya Pradesh,and Chhattisgarh against deltamethrin and alpha-cypermethrin.Conclusions:This review highlights spatial and species-level variations in insecticide susceptibility among Indian malaria vectors.The low to moderate intensity suggested that it may not yet be severe enough to cause operational failure with current vector control interventions.Continued monitoring of insecticide resistance,as well as the use of new-generation insecticides and interventions,is suggested to sustain vector control efficacy and manage insecticide resistance in malaria vectors to support India’s malaria elimination.
基金jointly supported by project of the China Geological Survey(DD20243375,DD20230478)the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province(2023SK2066)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2024JJ7620).
文摘Neonicotinoid insecticides(NEOs)have become an integral part of the global insecticide market due to their high efficiency and low toxicity.However,their environmental persistence has raised significant ecological concerns.Dongting Lake represents a vital freshwater lake in China,and its ecosystem health directly affects regional ecological balance and people’s livelihoods.This study systematically investigated the occurrence characteristics and ecological risks of NEOs in water bodies and sediments across the Dongting Lake basin.Based on surface water and sediment samples collected from 26 representative sampling sites,this study quantified nine NEOs using liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.Furthermore,it assessed ecological risks posed by the NEOs using the risk quotient(RQ)method and fugacity modeling.The results revealed the presence of six NEOs in the water bodies:imidacloprid(IMI),acetamiprid(ACE),clothianidin(CLO),thiamethoxam(THIA),flonicamid(FLO),and dinotefuran(DIN).The total concentrations of these six NEOs averaged 275.11 ng/L.Five predominant NEOs(i.e.,IMI,THIA,ACE,CLO,and DIN)were identified in the sediments,with a mean concentration of 0.31 ng/g.The NEO concentrations in the water bodies across the Dongting Lake basin increased in the order of the Xiangjiang,Zishui,Yuanjiang,and Lishui rivers(collectively referred to as the Four Rivers),the mainstream of Dongting Lake,the Xinqiang River,the Miluo River,and the Hudu,Ouchi,and Songzi rivers(collectively referred to as the Three Outlets).Sediments from tributaries progressively accumulate in the lake.The ecological risk assessment identified IMI and DIN as the highest-risk compounds(RQ>1),with high-risk areas concentrated in the mainstream of Dongting Lake and the Ouchi,Miluo,and Hudu rivers.The fugacity model showed that IMI,ACE,and THIA are prone to diffuse from sediments to water bodies in most areas,with fugacity fractions(ff)values of greater than 0.5.In contrast,the mainstream of Dongting Lake acts as a sink of CLO and DIN(ff values:<0.5).Sediments at the lake’s outlet emerge as an important sink of NEOs.Based on the results of this study,it is advisable to strengthen the supervision of NEO applications in agricultural areas and to implement zonal control strategies.These measures will help reduce ecological risks and protect the safety of water ecosystems in the Dongting Lake region.
基金Supported by Pesticide Innovation and Highly Efficient Implementation Technology of Special Foundation for Anhui Talents Development(13C1109)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to determine control effects of the 6 insecticides and recommended the optimal doses. [Method] In 2014, the control effects of sophocarpidine, pymetrozine, beta-cypermethrin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, and chlor- pyrifos on wheat aphids were tested, and every pesticide was designed with three doses in Shou County, Anhui Province, to explore the significance of differences on control effects. [Result] The results showed that the control effects of the 6 insecti- cides were satisfied, and the insecticides were safe on wheat. [Conclusion] During initial diseasing stage of aphid, it is recommended to use sophocarpidine soluble concentrate （1.5%）, pymetrozine water dispersible granule （50%）, imidacloprid wet- table powder （25%）, and acetamiprid wettable powder （5%）, and chlorpyrifos missi- ble oil （40%）, cypermethrin missible oil （4.5%） and imidacloprid wettable powder （25%） can be applied in peak-diseasing stage.
文摘The resistance of field populations of Plutella xylostella, from the three vegetable producing areas （Nianyuxu Town of Yueyang City, Canggang Town of Changde City and Shatou Town of Yiyang City） in northern Hunan, to seven insecticides was determined using leaf dipping method in door. The results showed that Plutella xylostella showed an extremely high-level resistance to beta-cypermethrin （resistance ratio, RR=257.13）, a high-level resistance to abamectin （RR=135.15） and indoxacarb （RR=103.08） and a moderate-level resistance to chlorfenapyr and emamectin benzoate. But Plutella xylostella is relatively sensitive to chlorantraniliprole and Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt）. Therefore, the prevention of Plutella xylostella in northern Hunan should focus on the alternative use of chlorfenapyr, emamectin benzoate, chlorantraniliprole and Bacillus thuringiensis and avoid the use of beta-cypermethrin so as to delay the generation and development of resistance to insecticides in Plutella xylostella.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to select insecticides effective in contrlling Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Infecting Pitaya. [Method] Efficacy effects of 11 insecticides in 22 concentrations were performed on Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Infecting Pitaya. [Result] When the insecticides were sprayed after 14 d, the treatment group with 22.4% spirotetramat SC at two concentrations proved the best, with control effects at 95.24% and 92.05%, followed by Nurelle at two concentrations, with control effects at 90.86% and 89.19%, and the control effects of chlorpyrifos （x2 000） was the poorest at only 67.08%. Therefore, it is feasible to make use of 22.4% spirotetramat SC, chlorpyrifos EC and Nurelle EC alternatively in controlling Pseudaulacaspis pentagona in case of pesticide resistance. [Conclusion] The research provided references for scientific use of insecticides in controlling Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Infecting Pitaya.
文摘Luseweilei is an easily-bursted microcapsule insecticide. A test of effectiveness of the insecticide to control the larvae of Dendrolimus superans T. was carried out in larch forest in Baoan Forest Farm of Nehe City, Heilongjiang Province, in April 2001. The solutions of different concentrations (1:150, 1:250, 1:350, and 1:450 Luseweilei : water) were sprayed on the larch trunk before the overwintering larvae climbing on trees and the spraying lengths (height) designed were 1.0, 2.5, and 3.5 m high from ground. The control result showed that spraying 150-, 250-, and 350-fold solutions of the insecticide all produced a good control result, with a mortality rate of 97%, but the 450-fold solution only produced 70% mortality. It is concluded that this insecticide can be used as a kind of good insecticide to control the overwintering larvae of D. superans in spring. Spraying 350-fold solution of easy-burst microcapsule insecticide and one meter spraying length are recommended for the future application..
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30600082)the Australian Research Council (ARC) International Linkage Fellowship (No.LX0560210).
文摘Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is one of the most widely used vegetable in the world,and different pesticides have been extensively used for controlling the insects and disease pathogens of this plant.However,little is known about how the pesticides affect the microbial community in cucumber phyllosphere.This study was the first attempt to assess the impact of pyrethroid insecticide cyperemethrin on the microbial communities of cucumber phyllosphere using biochemical and genetic approaches.Phospholipid fatty ac...
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-01-17)the National Key Research&Development Plan of China(Grant No.2016YFD0200804)+1 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Key Research&Development Plan(Grant No.2015C02014)State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest Control(Grant No.2010DS700124ZZ1601)
文摘Chemical pesticides play crucial roles in the management of crop diseases and pests. However, excessive and irrational use of pesticides has become a major concern and obstacle to sustainable agriculture. As a result, the quality and security of agricultural products are reduced, and the ecological and environmental integrities are threatened. Recently, environment-friendly pest management measures have been introduced and adopted to manage rice insect pests and reduce the use of insecticides. This paper reviewed the advancements in development and application of non-chemical technologies for insect pest management during rice production in China.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFD0300101)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(CAAS-ZDRW202007)。
文摘Fall armyworm has invaded China and colonized its populations in tropical and sub-tropical regions of South China since December 2018.Chemical spray has been widely used to control the pest,which shall lead to resistance evolution.In this research,we collected five populations of the pest from Yunnan,Hainan,Tibet,and Fujian of China,and tested their susceptibilities to pyrethroid,organophosphorus,oxadiazine,diamide,antibiotics and other types of insecticides(14 insecticides totally)in the laboratory.Based on the susceptible baseline published from the previous studies,the resistance ratio was 615-1068-fold to chlorpyrifos,60-388-fold to spinosad,26-317-fold to lambda-cyhalothrin,13-29-fold to malathion,9-33-fold to fenvalerate,8-20-fold to deltamethrin,3-8-fold to emamectin benzoate and 1-2-fold to chlorantraniliprole,respectively.The median lethal concentration(LC_(50))of other six insecticides without the susceptible baselines was 148.27-220.96μgmL^(-1) for beta-cypermethrin,87.03-128.43μgmL^(-1) for chlorfenapyr,16.35-99.67μgmL^(-1) for indoxacarb,10.55-51.01μgmL^(-1) for phoxim,7.08-8.78μgmL^(-1) for M-EBI(the mixed insecticide of emamectin benzoate and indoxcarb)and 1.49-4.64μg mL^(-1) for cyantraniliprole.This study can be helpful for chemical control as well as for resistance monitoring and management of the pest in China.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02)the Public Welfare Project from Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China(201203025)
文摘Distribution of horizontal boom produced droplets downwards into maize canopies at flowering period and its effects on the efficacies of emamectin benzoate, lambda-cyhalothrin and chlorantraniliprole against the second generation of Asian corn borer （ACB） larvae and their toxicity to spiders were studied. When insecticides were sprayed downwards into the maize canopies, randomly filtering out droplets by upper leaves led to great variations of droplet coverage and density within the canopies. Consequently, the efficacies of lambda-cyhalothrin and emamectin benzoate against ACB larvae were decreased because of randomly filtering out droplets by upper leaves. But field investigation showed that lambda-cyhalothrin was extremely toxic to hunting spiders, Xysticus ephippiatus, and not suitable to IPM programs in regulation of the second generation of ACB. Therefore, randomly filtering out droplets by upper leaves decreased lambda-cyhalothrin＇s efficacy against ACB larvae, but did little to decrease its toxicity to X. ephippiatus. Amamectin benzoate can reduce the populations of X. ephippiatus by 58.1-61.4%, but the populations can recover at the end of the experiment. Chlorantraniliprole was relatively safe to X. ephippiatus. It only reduced the populations of X. ephippiatus by 22.3-33.0%, and the populations can totally recover 9 d after application.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Agroscientific Research in the Public Interest of China (201403031)the Research Project Program of Agricultural Science and Technology innovation Transformation in Shaanxi Province, China
文摘Resistance of five field populations of Mythimna separata（Walker） collected from Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces of China to six different insecticides was evaluated by leaf dip method in the laboratory. The results showed that all populations were relatively sensitive to emamectin benzoate with a resistance ratio（RR） of 0.583–1.583 folds. All populations showed susceptible or low level resistance to chlorantraniliprole and beta-cypermethrin. Compared with a relatively susceptible strain of M. separata, the resistance level of the whole populations ranged from susceptible to moderate to chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin, moderate to high to phoxim（RR=19.367–70.100） except for population from Sanyuan County（RR=2.567）. Pair-wise correlation analysis among different insecticides indicated that chlorpyrifos has a significantly positive and significant correlation with emamectin benzoate. Chlorantraniliprole didn＇t have significant correlation with emamectin benzoate, chlorpyrifos and phoxim. Therefore, emamectin benzoate, chlorantraniliprole and beta-cypermethrin are recommended to control oriental armyworm. Meanwhile, to postpone the occurrence and development of insecticide resistance in Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces, alternative and rotational application of insecticides between chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate or chlorpyrifos is necessary.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30160050）.
文摘The combinative rate measurement of （3-[I125] iodotyrosyl） α-bungarotoxin was applied in the analysis of the relation between nerve acetylcholine receptor and three types of insecticide resistance in diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella （L.）. In the dimehypo-resistant strain and in the cartap-resistant strain, the nerve acetylcholine receptor showed the remarkable insensitivity to dimehypo and cartap, of which the binding rate to ligand was approximately 66 and 60%, respectively, of the susceptible strain. The sensitivity to deltamethrin in the deltamethrin-resistant strain did not show visible change. These results indicated that the decline in the sensitivity of nerve acetylcholine receptor to insecticide might be a potential mechanism to nereistoxin insecticides resistance in the diamondback moth.
基金Supported by the International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology(ICIPE) or Bio-vision Foundation Ethiopia(Grant No.BV-HH-03)
文摘Objective:To elucidate the larvicidal potency of neem, chinaberry and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis(Bti) to larvae of Anopheles arabiensis under semi-field condition and adult susceptibility/resistance to the conventionally used insecticides in Tolay,Southwestern Ethiopia.Methods: Wild collected 3rd and 4th stage larvae were exposed to neem, and chinaberry seed powder dissolved in water and Bti in artificial containers at three treatment levels:0.2, 0.1 and 0.05 g/m^2 and controls were free of treatments. Larval and pupal mortalities were monitored daily and residual activities were determined. The experiments were replicated three times. The World Health Organization tube test for all classes of insecticides was conducted on adult Anopheles arabiensis reared from field collected larvae and pupae. Data were analyzed using STATA software version 11.Results: In the first application, neem powder caused 88.9%, 87.9% and 79.4% larval and pupal mortality at 0.2, 0.1 and 0.05 g/m^2 after 4.3, 6.0 and 5.7 days, respectively. The corresponding killing effect of chinaberry was 80.3%, 62.1% and 30.3% after 7.0, 7.7 and 8.3days respectively. Bti at all treatments killed 100% after 24 h except 2.7 days for 0.05 g/m^2.Adult mosquitoes were susceptible only for fenitrothion and pirimiphos-methyl with 100%mortality while resistant to deltamethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, etofenprox and dichlorodiphenyl-tricgloroethane with only 9.0%, 3.0%, 5.1% and 2.0% mortalities respectively.Conclusions: Neem, chinaberry and Bti showed potent larvicidal and pupicidal activities. However, in the area, high level of mosquito resistance to pyrethroids and dichlorodiphenyl-tricgloroethane was seen which will pose serious challenge to vector control in the future. Therefore, using integrated approach including these botanical larvicides is warranted to manage insecticide resistance.
文摘Susceptibility to insecticides was investigated by collecting field populations of brown planthopper from different locations of southern Karnataka, India （Gangavati, Kathalagere, Kollegala, Soraba and Mandya）. All the field populations differed in their susceptibility to insecticides. In general, Soraba and Mandya populations were more susceptible to insecticides compared to Gangavati and Kathalagere populations. The resistance ratios varied greatly among the populations viz., chlorpyriphos （1.13- to 16.82-fold）, imidacloprid （0.53- to 13.50-fold）, acephate （1.34- to 5.32-fold）, fipronil （1.13- to 4.06-fold）, thiamethoxam （1.01- to 2.19-fold）, clothianidin （1.92- to 4.86-fold）, dinotefuran （0.82- to 2.22- fold）, buprofezin （1.06- to 5.43-fold） and carbofuran （0.41- to 2.17-fold）. The populations from Gangavati Kathalagere and Kollegala exhibited higher resistance to some of the old insecticides and low resistance to new molecules.
基金financially supported by deputy for research,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Project No.36251
文摘Objective: To evaluate the susceptibility of Anopheles stephensi(An. stephensi) Liston, the main malaria vector in southern Iran, to WHO recommended insecticides. Methods: Larvae of An. stephensi were collected from three different larval habitats in both urban and rural area of Bandar Abbas city and one rural area in Rudan county southern Iran. WHO standard method was used for evaluation of adult and larval mosquito susceptibility. Bendiocarb, permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin as insecticide and temephos and chlorpyriphos as larvicide were used at the diagnostic dosages recommended by WHO. Results: Findings of this study showed all larval populations of An. stephensi were completely susceptible to temephos and candidate for resistance to chlorpyriphos. Adult mosquitoes in rural areas of Bandar Abbas city were resistant to pyrethroid and carbamate insecticides. Conclusion: Comparison of the results of this survey with previous studies indicates that the resistance to pyrethroids and carbamates in this malaria endemic region is increasing. Wide use of pesticides in agriculture is certainly effective in increasing resistance. The inter-sectoral coordination and collaboration in health and agriculture seem to be necessary to manage insecticide resistance in malaria vectors.
基金Supported by Urmia University of Medical Sciences,Urmia,Iran(Project No.1239)
文摘Objective: To determine the susceptibility status of Anopheles maculipennis(An. maculipennis) against the major insecticides used in the health sectors in West Azarbaijan Province, Northwestern Iran.Methods: Unfed 3-5 days old adult females of An. maculipennis were collected across the West Azarbaijan Province and were subjected to evaluation of their susceptibility following World Health Organization recommended protocol against six insecticides(permethrin, deltamethrin, propoxur, bendiocarb, malathion and dieldrin) belonging to four different classes. Results: In this study, 916 specimens of An. maculipennis were examined against the insecticides which indicated that An. maculipennis was tolerant to permethrin, deltamethrin and dielderin, but displayed resistance against propoxur, bendiocarb and malathion. Conclusions: The pattern of resistance in An. maculipennis could be attributed to the agricultural landscapes, agricultural pesticides used and the exposure of the mosquitoes to insecticides. Logical cooperation is needed between the agriculture and health sectors to ensure the judicious use of pesticides in each sector and the management of probable resistance.
基金This is contribution No.503/11 from the Agricultural Research Organization,the Volcani Center,Bet Dagan,Israel
文摘The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci（Hemiptera：Aleyrodidae）is an extremely polyphagous insect pest that causes significant crop losses in Israel and worldwide.B.tabaci is a species complex of which the B and Q biotypes are the most widespread and damaging worldwide.The change in biotype composition and resistance to insecticide in Israel was monitored during the years 2008-2010 to identify patterns in population dynamics that can be correlated with resistance outbreaks.The results show that B biotype populations dominate crops grown in open fields,while Q biotype populations gradually dominate crops grown in protected conditions such as greenhouses and nethouses,where resistance outbreaks usually develop after several insecticide applications.While in previous years,Q biotype populations were widely detected in many regions in Israel,significant domination of the B biotype across populations collected was observed during the year 2010,indicating the instability of the B.tabaci population from one year to another.Reasons for the changing dynamics and the shift in the relative abundance of B.tabaci biotype,and their resistance status,are discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31371956, 31572023 and 31772186)
文摘Carboxylesterase(CarE)was considered as important phase-I detoxifying enzymes which participated in detoxification of different types of insecticides.Up-regulation of CarE genes has been proved playing a major role in insecticide resistance in many pest insects,but its involvement in resistance to insecticides in Plutella xylostella has been rarely reported.In this study,a CarE cDNA named PxαE8 was identified in P.xylostella,which has an open reading frame of 1599 nucleotides and putatively encodes 532 amino acids.The investigation of spatial expression profiles of PxαE8 revealed that it was expressed in all developmental stages,especially in larvae and adults.The body part/tissue-specific expression profiles showed that the PxαE8 mainly expressed in fat body,malpighian tubule and hemolymph of larvae.Further,the relative expression of PxαE8 in two multi-resistant field populations,Hainan(HN)and Guangdong(GD)populations,was found 24.4-and 15.5-fold higher than that in susceptible population,respectively.Knockdown of PxαE8 by RNA interference dramatically increased the mortalities of larvae of HN population treated with LC_(50) of beta-cypermethrin and phoxim by 25.3 and 18.3%,respectively.These results suggested that up-regulation of PxαE8 was involved in resistance to both beta-cypermethrin and phoxim in P.xylostella,which shed light on further understanding of molecular mechanisms of multi-insecticide-resistance in P.xylostella and other pest insects.
文摘Most national malaria control programmes rely extensively on pyrethroid insecticides to control mosquito vectors of this disease. Unfortunately, the intensive use of this class of insecticides both in public health and agriculture has led to its reduced efficacy. The objective of this review was to assess the role of agricultural pesticides use on the development of resistance to insecticides in malaria vectors and the potential impact of this resistance on control activities. We searched library catalogues and public databases for studies that included data on resistance to the major classes of insecticides: organochlorines, carbamates, organophosphates and pyrethroids, in the malaria vectors of Anopheles genera. There is a strong geographical bias in published studies many originating from West African countries. Several studies demonstrate that resistance to pyrethroids is widespread in the major malaria vectors of the Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus complexes. Assessing the impact of insecticide resistance on vector control is complicated owing to the lack of studies into the epidemiological consequences of resistance on the control of malaria and other vector borne diseases.
基金The National "Tenth-Five Year"Key Technologies R & D Program of China (No. 2001BA308A02-10, 2004BA308A21-4)
文摘HNPC-A9908 （o-（3-phenoxybenzyl）-2-methylthio-1-（4-chlorophenyl） propyl ketone oxime）, a novel oxime insecticide, is a highly effective and broad-spectrum insecticide which can be widely used to control many species of foliar insects on various crops. A study was conducted to evaluate the fate of HNPC-A9908 and study the degradation dynamics of HNPC-A9908 residue in vegetable field ecosystem. The results showed that degradation of HNPC-A9908 was much faster in vegetable pakchoi than in soil, and its half-life in pakchoi and soil was 1.32 and 3.75 d, respectively. The final residue of HNPC-A9908 in pakchoi was at the undetectable level to 0.122 mg/kg. As a conclusion, a dosage of 90 g/hm^2 was suggested and considered to be safe to human beings and animals.
