ITHACA, N.Y. -- Ray J. Wu, Cornell University professor of molecular biology and genetics, who was widely recog-nized as one of the fathers of genetic engineering and who developed and sought to feed the world with a ...ITHACA, N.Y. -- Ray J. Wu, Cornell University professor of molecular biology and genetics, who was widely recog-nized as one of the fathers of genetic engineering and who developed and sought to feed the world with a higher yield-ing rice that resists insects and drought, died of cardiac arrest in Ithaca, Feb. 10.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the frequency of exogenous gene flow to non-transgenic conventional rice cultivars and assess the potential risks of marker-free of insect-resistant transgenic rice to agric...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the frequency of exogenous gene flow to non-transgenic conventional rice cultivars and assess the potential risks of marker-free of insect-resistant transgenic rice to agricultural ecological environment. [Method] Insect-resistant transgenic rice variety HUAHUI No.1 was planted as the experimental material and surrounded by several non-transgenic conventional rice cultivars. F1 non-transgenic rice seeds were collected according to different distances and identified by using PCR technology, the frequency of exogenous gene flow from insect-resistant transgenic rice to non-transgenic conventional rice cultivars was counted and analyzed. [Result] The average frequency of exogenous Bt gene flow to P13381 and CHUNJIANG063 was 0. Transgene flow occurred to varying degrees from insect-resistant transgenic rice HUAHUI No.1 to several non-transgenic rice lines including HEX122-2, TIANXlANG, MINGHUI63 and Pl157, with the maximum average gene flow frequency of 0.875%. The frequency of gene flow was gradually reduced with the increase of distance, and the average transgene flow frequency de- creased to 0 in all the sampling points 7 m away from transgenic rice material. [Conclusion] This study revealed that the exogenous gene flow frequency of insect-re- sistant transgenic rice variety HUAHUI No.1 was very low, leading to very small risk to the eco-environment. Rational distribution in the field for physical isolation, keeping the appropriate distance and scientific farming arrangement to avoid the synchronization of flowering can effectively control the exogenous gene flow from transgenic rice and reduce he ecological risks caused by transgene escape.展开更多
The feeding and oviposition behavior of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens on two transgenic indica rice homogenous genotypes (B1 and B6) with cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis and trans...The feeding and oviposition behavior of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens on two transgenic indica rice homogenous genotypes (B1 and B6) with cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis and transgenic restored line of hybrid rice (MSA) with SCK gene (a modified CpTI gene) were measured, compared with those on their corresponding non transgenic parental cultivars Jiazao935 and Minghui86 performed by BPH. Under the selection condition of host plants by BPH, loading percentage, oviposition preference and laying egg number of BPH both on transgenic cry1Ab rice and transgenic SCK rice were not significantly different from those on their controls, while their total number of probing wound caused by PBH expect for feeding on B1 plants was markedly more than that on the control. In contrast, under the non selection condition, total number of probing wound caused by BPH on either transgenic cry1Ab rice or transgenic SCK rice was pronouncedly more than those on their controls. Conversely, their honeydew amount excreted by BPH after feeding for 24 h was significantly less than those on the control. As a conclusion, three tested transgenic rice genotypes with insect resistance acted adverse effect on BHP feeding, and no marked effect on BPH oviposition.展开更多
Photorespiration consumes photosynthetically fixed carbon and reduces yields by 20%–50%in C3 crops.In an attempt to increase photosynthetic efficiency in rice by bypassing the carbon-consuming process of photorespira...Photorespiration consumes photosynthetically fixed carbon and reduces yields by 20%–50%in C3 crops.In an attempt to increase photosynthetic efficiency in rice by bypassing the carbon-consuming process of photorespiration,a photorespiratory bypass consisting of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii glycolate dehydrogenase and Cucurbita maxima malate synthase(termed the GMS bypass)was introduced into the rice cultivar Zhonghua 11 and osplgg1b,a mutant of the rice chloroplast glycolate transporter,to generate GMS/ZH11 and GMS/osplgg1b transgenic plants.The GMS bypass reduced photorespiration and increased photosynthesis in the transgenic plants.The straw biomass of GMS/ZH11 and GMS/osplgg1b increased by up to 16.0%and 85.7%,respectively.The yield of GMS/ZH11 increased by 22.0%–34.7%in paddy fields.Thus,the GMS bypass can increase photosynthetic efficiency and yield in rice.展开更多
Huahui 1 is an elite transgenic male sterile restorer line of wild rice abortive-type that expresses a Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） δ-endotoxin and provides effective and economic control oflepidopteran insects. To ...Huahui 1 is an elite transgenic male sterile restorer line of wild rice abortive-type that expresses a Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） δ-endotoxin and provides effective and economic control oflepidopteran insects. To exploit Huahui 1 to develop a new Bt rice, the insertion site of the Bt gene was determined by thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR （TAIL-PCR）. Bt was located in the promoter region ofLOC. Os10g10360, approximately 5.35 Mb from the telomere of the short arm of chromosome 10. For the first time, a Bt cytoplasmic male sterile （CMS） system was developed by introgressing Bt from Huahui 1. The recipient CMS system used consisted of Indonesia paddy rice-type II-32B （maintainer line） and II-32A （male sterile line）. Marker-assisted selection was used to increase selection efficiency in the backcrossing program. In BC5F1, the Bt plant 85015-8 was selected for further analyses, as it had the highest SSR marker homozygosity. In addition, the linkage drag of the foreign Bt gene in 85015-8 was minimized to 8.01-11.46 Mb. The foreign Bt gene was then delivered from 85015-8 into II-32A. The resultant Bt II-32A and Bt II-32B lines were both resistant to lepidopteran in field trials, and agronomic traits were not disturbed. The maintainability of II-32B, and the male sterility and general combining ability of II-32A, were not affected by the Bt introgression. This study demonstrates a simple and fast approach to develop Bt hybrid rice.展开更多
Insect resistance and glyphosate tolerance have been two of the most important traits in the genetic improvement of various crops. In this study, two Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） insecticidal genes, CrylAc and Cryllg...Insect resistance and glyphosate tolerance have been two of the most important traits in the genetic improvement of various crops. In this study, two Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） insecticidal genes, CrylAc and Cryllg, and a modified glyphosate-tolerant 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase （EPSPS） gene （GIO） were combined into a single transferred DNA （T-DNA） fragment and introduced into rice by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A transgenic line with single-copy T-DNA insertion named GAI-14 was found to be highly resistant to striped stem borer and rice leaf roller, and tolerant to glyphosate. Analysis of T-DNA border sequence suggested that the transgenes were inserted at the chromosome 3 and appeared to have not interrupted any known or putative genes. A field trial observed no significant difference in the basic agronomic traits between GAI-14 and the recipient rice.展开更多
The breakthrough in super hybrid rice yield has significantly contributed to China’s and global food security.However,the inherent conflict between high productivity and environmentally sustainable agriculture poses ...The breakthrough in super hybrid rice yield has significantly contributed to China’s and global food security.However,the inherent conflict between high productivity and environmentally sustainable agriculture poses substantial challenges.Issues such as water scarcity,energy crises,escalating greenhouse gas emissions,and diminishing farm profitability threaten longterm agricultural sustainability.In response,we applied a holistic food–carbon–nitrogen–water–energy–profit (FCNWEP)nexus framework to comprehensively assess the sustainability of distinct crop management strategies across three subsites in Central China.Field experiments were conducted in Hubei and Hunan provinces from 2017 to 2021 using a widely adopted elite super hybrid rice cultivar (Y-liangyou 900).Four crop management treatments were implemented:a control(CK,0 kg N ha^(-1)),conventional crop management (CCM,210–250 kg N ha^(-1),7:3 basal:mid-tiller fertilizer ratio),and two integrated crop management (ICM) treatments (ICM1,180–210 kg N ha^(-1),5:2:3 basal:mid-tiller:panicle initiation fertilizer ratio;ICM2,240–270 kg N ha^(-1),5:2:2:1 basal:mid-tiller:panicle initiation:flowering fertilizer ratio).Variables assessed included grain yield,carbon footprint,nitrogen footprint,water footprint,energy footprint,nitrogen use efficiency,and economic benefits.Our results showed significant yield variations,with ICM2 consistently outperforming CCM and ICM1across all three sites.In Jingzhou,Suizhou,and Changsha,ICM2’s grain yield was 30.2,24.7,and 13.3%higher than CCM,respectively.Net profits under ICM2 exceeded those of CCM and ICM1 by 31.8 and 115.2%in Jingzhou,32.2 and 109.9%in Suizhou,and 15.4 and 34.0%in Changsha,respectively.Integrated crop management,particularly ICM2,demonstrated improved nitrogen and energy use efficiency,leading to reduced carbon,nitrogen,water,and energy footprints.Overall,composite sustainability scores derived from the FCNWEP framework indicated that both ICM2 and ICM1 exhibited higher sustainability levels compared to CCM.This study provides valuable insights into practical management methodologies and offers recommendations for enhancing agricultural sustainability.展开更多
To examine the impact of anthropogenic land reconstruction,particularly the consolidation of small terraces into larger fields,on soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN)dynamics,rice yield,and its components,soil ...To examine the impact of anthropogenic land reconstruction,particularly the consolidation of small terraces into larger fields,on soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN)dynamics,rice yield,and its components,soil and plant samples were collected from seven newly reconstructed fields in Japanese Andosols in Tochigi,Japan.Samples were obtained from both the former low-and high-elevation sides within each field plot.During harvest season,nine rice plants were randomly selected from each plot(0.675 m^(2),comprising 3 rows and 3 hills per row),collected from a 3-m stretch along both the east(former low side)and west(former high side)ridges.Soil cores were collected from identical plots at two depths(0–15 and 15–30 cm)and combined into one composite sample per layer.Rice plant samples were air-dried for two weeks until reaching constant moisture content,after which stems and ears were separated and weighed to determine biomass,yield,yield components,and nitrogen uptake.This indicated that land reconstruction significantly affected rice yield and its components between the two sides of all field plots.SOC,TN,and their decomposition following land reconstruction showed notable changes,especially in the 15–30 cm subsurface soil layer.Additionally,grain weight demonstrated significant correlation with SOC,TN,and carbon decomposition in both the 0–15 and 15–30 cm layers,indicating that soil fertility to a depth of 30 cm was crucial for rice productivity after land reconstruction.展开更多
Spikelet filling characteristics in early-season rice in southern China may be distinctive due to its exposure to high temperatures during the ripening period.However,limited information is currently available on thes...Spikelet filling characteristics in early-season rice in southern China may be distinctive due to its exposure to high temperatures during the ripening period.However,limited information is currently available on these characteristics.This study aimed to characterize spikelet filling in early-season rice and identify the key factors contributing to its improvement.Field experiments were conducted over two years(2021 and 2022)to mainly investigate the proportions of fully-filled,partially-filled,and empty spikelets,along with the biomass-fertilized spikelet ratio and harvest index,in 11 early-season rice varieties.The results revealed significant varietal variation in spikelet filling,with the proportion of fully-filled spikelets ranging from 60.6%to 81.1%in 2021 and from 66.3%to 79.2%in 2022.Among the 11 varieties,Liangyou 42,Lingliangyou 942,and Liangyou 287 exhibited relatively superior performance in spikelet filling.Linear regression revealed that,although a significant negative relationship existed between the proportion of fully-filled spikelets and both partially-filled and empty spikelets,the relationship with partially-filled spikelets was stronger.Additionally,the proportion of fully-filled spikelets showed a significant positive relationship with the harvest index but not with the biomass-fertilized spikelet ratio.These findings indicate that increasing the harvest index and reducing the occurrence of partially-filled grains are essential strategies for improving spikelet filling in early-season rice.展开更多
Chilo suppressalis(Walker)is one of the most important rice pests worldwide,posing a significant challenge to effective control.To develop a precision-timed,eco-friendly management strategy,overwintering population in...Chilo suppressalis(Walker)is one of the most important rice pests worldwide,posing a significant challenge to effective control.To develop a precision-timed,eco-friendly management strategy,overwintering population investigation and dynamic monitoring of C.suppressalis populations were conducted in the Meishan region of Sichuan,China,from 2023 to 2024.The optimal timing for insecticide application was estimated,followed by field trials evaluating the efficacy of different insecticides.Results demonstrated that the peak emergence of first-generation adults typically occurred in early July(under the environmental conditions of the Meishan region),with the ambient humidity below 75%and temperature around 29◦C.Pesticide efficacy trials show that insecticide combinations exhibited superior control.Notably,a combined treatment of emamectin benzoate⋅methoxyfenozide+chlorantraniliprole achieved the highest control efficacy(90.05%)and a corresponding yield of 12,491.55 kg/ha.All tested treatments were determined to be safe for rice growth.Furthermore,this optimized strategy resulted in notable economic benefits,including a 50%reduction in pesticide usage and cost savings of 4796.15 CNY compared to conventional practices.This study provides valuable insights into sustainable rice production and pest management and,for the first time,proposes a precision application time window based on intelligent monitoring.展开更多
Leaf thickness in rice critically influences photosynthetic efficiency and yield,yet its genetic basis remains poorly understood,with few functional genes previously characterized.In this study,we employ a pangenome-w...Leaf thickness in rice critically influences photosynthetic efficiency and yield,yet its genetic basis remains poorly understood,with few functional genes previously characterized.In this study,we employ a pangenome-wide association study(Pan-GWAS)on 302 diverse rice accessions from southern China,identifying 49 quantitative trait loci(QTLs)associated with leaf thickness.The most significant locus,qLT9,is fine-mapped to a 79-kb region on chromosome 9.Transcriptomic and genomic sequence analyses identify LOC_Os09g33480,which encodes a protein belonging to Multiple Organellar RNA Editing Factor family,as the key candidate gene.Overexpression and complementation transgenic experiments confirm LOC_Os09g33480(OsLT9)as the functional gene underlying qLT9,demonstrating a 24-bp Indel in its promoter correlates with the expression levels and leaf thickness.Notably,OsLT9 overexpression lines show not only thicker leaf,but also significantly enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and grain yield,establishing a link between leaf thickness modulation and yield enhancement.Population genomic analyses indicate strong selection for OsLT9 during domestication and breeding,with modern cultivars favoring thick leaf haplotype of OsLT9.This study establishes OsLT9 as a key regulator controlling leaf thickness in rice,and provides a valuable genetic resource for molecular breeding of high-yielding rice through optimization of plant architecture.展开更多
Leaf angle is a pivotal agronomic trait that significantly influences crop architecture and yield.Plant hormones,such as auxin,play a critical role in regulating leaf angle;however,the underlying molecular mechanisms ...Leaf angle is a pivotal agronomic trait that significantly influences crop architecture and yield.Plant hormones,such as auxin,play a critical role in regulating leaf angle;however,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated.Here,we reveal that the auxin response factor gene,OsARF12,which is highly expressed in the leaf lamina joint,negatively regulates rice(Oryza sativa L.)leaf angle via affecting shoot gravitropism.Overexpression lines of OsARF12 exhibit more erect leaf angles,while the osarf12 mutants display enlarged leaf angles compared to the wild type.Further studies demonstrate that OsARF12 directly activates the expression of Loose Plant Architecture1(LPA1)and LAZY1 by binding to their promoters.The osarf12 mutant presents impaired shoot gravitropism,a phenotype consistent with that of the lpa1 and lazy1 mutants.Collectively,we elucidate the biological functions of OsARF12,which modulates leaf angle through its impact on shoot gravitropism by regulating the expression levels of LPA1 and LAZY1.This study provides insight into the role of auxin in determining rice leaf angle,potentially holding profound effects for the optimization of crop architecture.展开更多
Flooding stress is a major adverse condition during the emergence period of direct-seeded rice.This study investigated the use of wood vinegar as a seed soaking treatment to enhance rice seedling rates under flooding ...Flooding stress is a major adverse condition during the emergence period of direct-seeded rice.This study investigated the use of wood vinegar as a seed soaking treatment to enhance rice seedling rates under flooding stress,exploring both the methodology and physiological mechanisms involved.The optimal seed soaking concentration was determined through a gradient experiment,followed by a multi-cultivar validation test.The physiological mechanism of wood vinegar soaking on seedling emergence was analyzed by measuring the electrical conductivity of the flooding water,the changes in starch and soluble sugar contents in the grains and sprouts,and the dynamics ofα-amylase activity and antioxidant-related enzyme activities in the sprouts.The results showed that soaking rice seeds in a wood vinegar solution at a low concentration significantly enhanced the emergence of rice seedlings under flooding conditions,with a 100-fold dilution having the most pronounced effect,increasing seedling rates by 50.6%-60.0%.Further analysis indicated that wood vinegar treatment enhanced seedling establishment by inducing a significant increase inα-amylase activity,leading to a 74.9%-213.6%increase in soluble sugar content in the sprouts during 2-8 d after flooding stress compared with the control.Additionally,the treatment increased superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in the sprouts,mitigating lipid peroxidation of the cell membranes,and notably lower water electrical conductivity was observed in wood vinegar-treated seeds compared with the control.In conclusion,soaking rice seeds in a 100-fold diluted wood vinegar solution improves rice seedling rates under flooding stress by mitigating oxidative damage and maintaining energy supply.This approach is valuable for developing cost-effective seed treatment technologies and offering novel strategies to improve seedling rates and uniformity of direct-seeded rice under flooding conditions.展开更多
Rice bran is the outer layer of the rice grain and a by-product of milling rice kernels,possessing high nutritional and therapeutic value.It is abundant in dietary fibers,vitamins,minerals,polyphenols,and various anti...Rice bran is the outer layer of the rice grain and a by-product of milling rice kernels,possessing high nutritional and therapeutic value.It is abundant in dietary fibers,vitamins,minerals,polyphenols,and various antioxidant molecules.The health-promoting effects of rice bran and its biomolecules have been documented in several studies.In this review,we evaluated the different nutritive and health-promoting effects of rice bran,particularly its impact on gut health and other chronic conditions associated with gut health.The biomolecules present in rice bran and their potential therapeutic effects were also summarized.This paper recapitulated the potential therapeutic and preventive efficacy of rice bran against various ailments,along with their mechanisms of action.Rice bran is an important source of nutritive substances.In addition to their nutritive value,rice bran is rich in diverse biomolecules such as anthocyanins,flavonoids,phenolics,γ-oryzanol,phytosterols and derivatives,saturated fatty acids,monounsaturated fatty acids,and polyunsaturated fatty acids.The dietary fibers in rice bran play a key role in modulating gut microbiota,reducing inflammation,and maintaining gut health.Rice bran and its components have been found to exhibit therapeutic benefits against inflammation,diabetes,cancer,liver disorders,cardiac issues,and neurological disorders through various mechanisms.Different clinical investigations have also confirmed the potential beneficial effects of rice bran and rice bran oil in various metabolic and cardiac disease conditions.Modulating gut microbiota is an important mechanism of the beneficial effects exerted by rice bran.This comprehensive review underscores the nutritional and therapeutic value of rice bran,emphasizing its potential for wider adoption to address nutrient deficiencies and improve human health.展开更多
In China,farmers have increasingly adopted direct-seeded rice(DSR).While various impacts of DSR have been studied,limited evidence exists regarding the effect of DSR adoption on pesticide use.This study examines the i...In China,farmers have increasingly adopted direct-seeded rice(DSR).While various impacts of DSR have been studied,limited evidence exists regarding the effect of DSR adoption on pesticide use.This study examines the impact of DSR adoption on pesticide use utilizing data from a 2018 survey of 982 rice farmers in China's Yangtze River Basin.The endogenous treatment-regression and switching regression models are employed to address self-selection bias.The results indicate that,after accounting for self-selection,DSR adopters spend 401.72 CNY ha^(-1) more on pesticides compared to non-adopters.Although DSR adoption significantly increases the use of insecticides,fungicides and herbicides,its impact is most pronounced for insecticide expenditure and least pronounced for herbicide expenditure.The findings remain robust when altering the dependent variable,truncating the research sample,and modifying the estimation method.Heterogeneous analysis reveals that DSR adoption has a stronger positive impact on pesticide expenditure among farmers below 60 years of age,with at least 6 years of education,and managing rice sown areas less than 2 ha.Based on these findings,this study recommends enhancing complementary techniques for DSR,improving the dissemination of DSR cultivation technologies,and strengthening socialized services.This research provides a comprehensive assessment of DSR's advantages and disadvantages,particularly regarding pesticide use,offering important policy implications for pesticide reduction.展开更多
In order to realize the comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste rice husk ash and heavy metal cadmium contaminated soil,rice husk ash-based geopolymer prepared by alkaline activator was used to modify cadm...In order to realize the comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste rice husk ash and heavy metal cadmium contaminated soil,rice husk ash-based geopolymer prepared by alkaline activator was used to modify cadmium contaminated soil.The main physical and chemical properties of rice husk ash were clarified by SEM,XRF and X-ray diffraction.The unconfined compressive strength test and toxicity leaching test were carried out on the modified soil.Combined with FTIR and TG micro-level,the solidification mechanism of rice husk ash-based geopolymer solidified cadmium contaminated soil was discussed.The results show that the strength of geopolymer modified soil is significantly higher than that of plain soil,and the unconfined compressive strength at 7 d age is 4.2 times that of plain soil.The strength of modified soil with different dosage of geopolymer at 28 d age is about 36% to 40% higher than that of modified soil at 7 d age.Geopolymer has a significant effect on the leaching of heavy metals in contaminated soil.When the cadmium content is 100 mg/kg,it meets the standard limit.In the process of complex depolymerization-condensation reaction,on the one hand,geopolymers are cemented and agglomerated to form a complex spatial structure,which affects the macro and micro characteristics of soil.On the other hand,it has significant adsorption,precipitation and replacement effects on heavy metal ions in soil,showing good strength and low heavy metal leaching toxicity.展开更多
Atopic dermatitis(AD),which is associated with inflammatory response and skin damage,is increasing worldwide in recent years.Interest is increasing in the protective effects of natural and fermented products on the pr...Atopic dermatitis(AD),which is associated with inflammatory response and skin damage,is increasing worldwide in recent years.Interest is increasing in the protective effects of natural and fermented products on the prevention and treatment of AD.This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effects of a new rice milk product fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae on AD mice.Fermented rice milk could effectively attenuated the symptoms of AD mice,such as skin lesions,scaliness and lichenification.Furthermore,fermented rice milk decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin(IL)-4,IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αin 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB)induced mice.It was also observed that fermented rice milk treatment downregulated the levels of p-IKBα,p-NF-κB,p-ERK,p-JNK and p-p38 proteins expression in skin of AD mice,which showed the anti-inflammatory function of fermented rice milk,mainly via the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.In addition,S.cerevisiae fermentation reduced original flavor of rice milk,and increased the acid and alcohol compounds.Overall,the findings indicated that S.cerevisiae fermentation improved the flavor characteristics of rice milk,and fermented rice milk exhibited protective effects against DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis by downregulating NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways and protecting the skin barrier.展开更多
As a vital food crop,rice is an important part of global food crops.Studying the spatiotemporal changes in rice cultivation facilitates early prediction of production risks and provides support for agricultural policy...As a vital food crop,rice is an important part of global food crops.Studying the spatiotemporal changes in rice cultivation facilitates early prediction of production risks and provides support for agricultural policy decisions related to rice.With the increasing application of satellite remote sensing technology in crop monitoring,remote sensing for rice cultivation has emerged as a novel approach,offering new perspectives for monitoring rice planting.This paper briefly outlined the current research and development status of satellite remote sensing for monitoring rice cultivation both at home and abroad.Foreign scholars have made innovations in data sources and methodologies for satellite remote sensing monitoring,and utilized multi-source satellite information and machine learning algorithms to enhance the accuracy of rice planting monitoring.Scholars in China have achieved significant results in the study of satellite remote sensing for monitoring rice cultivation.Their research and application in monitoring rice planting areas provide valuable references for agricultural production management.However,satellite remote sensing monitoring of rice still faces challenges such as low spatiotemporal resolution and difficulties related to cloud cover and data fusion,which require further in-depth investigation.Additionally,there are shortcomings in the accuracy of remote sensing monitoring for fragmented farmland plots and smallholder farming.To address these issues,future efforts should focus on developing multi-source heterogeneous data fusion analysis technologies and researching monitoring systems.These advancements are expected to enable high-precision large-scale acquisition of rice planting information,laying a foundation for future smart agriculture.展开更多
文摘ITHACA, N.Y. -- Ray J. Wu, Cornell University professor of molecular biology and genetics, who was widely recog-nized as one of the fathers of genetic engineering and who developed and sought to feed the world with a higher yield-ing rice that resists insects and drought, died of cardiac arrest in Ithaca, Feb. 10.
基金Supported by Project of Common Safety Assessment Technology for Genetically Modified Organisms of the Ministry of Agriculture of PRC(2011ZX08011-006)Project of Protection and Utilization of Agricultural Biological Resources"Intrusion Detection of Alien Species"~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the frequency of exogenous gene flow to non-transgenic conventional rice cultivars and assess the potential risks of marker-free of insect-resistant transgenic rice to agricultural ecological environment. [Method] Insect-resistant transgenic rice variety HUAHUI No.1 was planted as the experimental material and surrounded by several non-transgenic conventional rice cultivars. F1 non-transgenic rice seeds were collected according to different distances and identified by using PCR technology, the frequency of exogenous gene flow from insect-resistant transgenic rice to non-transgenic conventional rice cultivars was counted and analyzed. [Result] The average frequency of exogenous Bt gene flow to P13381 and CHUNJIANG063 was 0. Transgene flow occurred to varying degrees from insect-resistant transgenic rice HUAHUI No.1 to several non-transgenic rice lines including HEX122-2, TIANXlANG, MINGHUI63 and Pl157, with the maximum average gene flow frequency of 0.875%. The frequency of gene flow was gradually reduced with the increase of distance, and the average transgene flow frequency de- creased to 0 in all the sampling points 7 m away from transgenic rice material. [Conclusion] This study revealed that the exogenous gene flow frequency of insect-re- sistant transgenic rice variety HUAHUI No.1 was very low, leading to very small risk to the eco-environment. Rational distribution in the field for physical isolation, keeping the appropriate distance and scientific farming arrangement to avoid the synchronization of flowering can effectively control the exogenous gene flow from transgenic rice and reduce he ecological risks caused by transgene escape.
文摘The feeding and oviposition behavior of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens on two transgenic indica rice homogenous genotypes (B1 and B6) with cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis and transgenic restored line of hybrid rice (MSA) with SCK gene (a modified CpTI gene) were measured, compared with those on their corresponding non transgenic parental cultivars Jiazao935 and Minghui86 performed by BPH. Under the selection condition of host plants by BPH, loading percentage, oviposition preference and laying egg number of BPH both on transgenic cry1Ab rice and transgenic SCK rice were not significantly different from those on their controls, while their total number of probing wound caused by PBH expect for feeding on B1 plants was markedly more than that on the control. In contrast, under the non selection condition, total number of probing wound caused by BPH on either transgenic cry1Ab rice or transgenic SCK rice was pronouncedly more than those on their controls. Conversely, their honeydew amount excreted by BPH after feeding for 24 h was significantly less than those on the control. As a conclusion, three tested transgenic rice genotypes with insect resistance acted adverse effect on BHP feeding, and no marked effect on BPH oviposition.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0907600)the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD04080)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270252)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2024A1515011085).
文摘Photorespiration consumes photosynthetically fixed carbon and reduces yields by 20%–50%in C3 crops.In an attempt to increase photosynthetic efficiency in rice by bypassing the carbon-consuming process of photorespiration,a photorespiratory bypass consisting of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii glycolate dehydrogenase and Cucurbita maxima malate synthase(termed the GMS bypass)was introduced into the rice cultivar Zhonghua 11 and osplgg1b,a mutant of the rice chloroplast glycolate transporter,to generate GMS/ZH11 and GMS/osplgg1b transgenic plants.The GMS bypass reduced photorespiration and increased photosynthesis in the transgenic plants.The straw biomass of GMS/ZH11 and GMS/osplgg1b increased by up to 16.0%and 85.7%,respectively.The yield of GMS/ZH11 increased by 22.0%–34.7%in paddy fields.Thus,the GMS bypass can increase photosynthetic efficiency and yield in rice.
基金supported by the National High-Tech R&D Program of China(2006AA10Z159)
文摘Huahui 1 is an elite transgenic male sterile restorer line of wild rice abortive-type that expresses a Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） δ-endotoxin and provides effective and economic control oflepidopteran insects. To exploit Huahui 1 to develop a new Bt rice, the insertion site of the Bt gene was determined by thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR （TAIL-PCR）. Bt was located in the promoter region ofLOC. Os10g10360, approximately 5.35 Mb from the telomere of the short arm of chromosome 10. For the first time, a Bt cytoplasmic male sterile （CMS） system was developed by introgressing Bt from Huahui 1. The recipient CMS system used consisted of Indonesia paddy rice-type II-32B （maintainer line） and II-32A （male sterile line）. Marker-assisted selection was used to increase selection efficiency in the backcrossing program. In BC5F1, the Bt plant 85015-8 was selected for further analyses, as it had the highest SSR marker homozygosity. In addition, the linkage drag of the foreign Bt gene in 85015-8 was minimized to 8.01-11.46 Mb. The foreign Bt gene was then delivered from 85015-8 into II-32A. The resultant Bt II-32A and Bt II-32B lines were both resistant to lepidopteran in field trials, and agronomic traits were not disturbed. The maintainability of II-32B, and the male sterility and general combining ability of II-32A, were not affected by the Bt introgression. This study demonstrates a simple and fast approach to develop Bt hybrid rice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31321063)
文摘Insect resistance and glyphosate tolerance have been two of the most important traits in the genetic improvement of various crops. In this study, two Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） insecticidal genes, CrylAc and Cryllg, and a modified glyphosate-tolerant 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase （EPSPS） gene （GIO） were combined into a single transferred DNA （T-DNA） fragment and introduced into rice by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A transgenic line with single-copy T-DNA insertion named GAI-14 was found to be highly resistant to striped stem borer and rice leaf roller, and tolerant to glyphosate. Analysis of T-DNA border sequence suggested that the transgenes were inserted at the chromosome 3 and appeared to have not interrupted any known or putative genes. A field trial observed no significant difference in the basic agronomic traits between GAI-14 and the recipient rice.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172108 and 32301940)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the China Association for Science and Technology (2023QNRC001)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M710489)the Chinese Scholarship Council (202310930003)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD2301004)。
文摘The breakthrough in super hybrid rice yield has significantly contributed to China’s and global food security.However,the inherent conflict between high productivity and environmentally sustainable agriculture poses substantial challenges.Issues such as water scarcity,energy crises,escalating greenhouse gas emissions,and diminishing farm profitability threaten longterm agricultural sustainability.In response,we applied a holistic food–carbon–nitrogen–water–energy–profit (FCNWEP)nexus framework to comprehensively assess the sustainability of distinct crop management strategies across three subsites in Central China.Field experiments were conducted in Hubei and Hunan provinces from 2017 to 2021 using a widely adopted elite super hybrid rice cultivar (Y-liangyou 900).Four crop management treatments were implemented:a control(CK,0 kg N ha^(-1)),conventional crop management (CCM,210–250 kg N ha^(-1),7:3 basal:mid-tiller fertilizer ratio),and two integrated crop management (ICM) treatments (ICM1,180–210 kg N ha^(-1),5:2:3 basal:mid-tiller:panicle initiation fertilizer ratio;ICM2,240–270 kg N ha^(-1),5:2:2:1 basal:mid-tiller:panicle initiation:flowering fertilizer ratio).Variables assessed included grain yield,carbon footprint,nitrogen footprint,water footprint,energy footprint,nitrogen use efficiency,and economic benefits.Our results showed significant yield variations,with ICM2 consistently outperforming CCM and ICM1across all three sites.In Jingzhou,Suizhou,and Changsha,ICM2’s grain yield was 30.2,24.7,and 13.3%higher than CCM,respectively.Net profits under ICM2 exceeded those of CCM and ICM1 by 31.8 and 115.2%in Jingzhou,32.2 and 109.9%in Suizhou,and 15.4 and 34.0%in Changsha,respectively.Integrated crop management,particularly ICM2,demonstrated improved nitrogen and energy use efficiency,leading to reduced carbon,nitrogen,water,and energy footprints.Overall,composite sustainability scores derived from the FCNWEP framework indicated that both ICM2 and ICM1 exhibited higher sustainability levels compared to CCM.This study provides valuable insights into practical management methodologies and offers recommendations for enhancing agricultural sustainability.
基金support of the Japanese Government(Monbukagakusho)Scholarship for his studies in Japansupported by the Yamagata University YU-COE(S)program and by the Advanced Agri-food System Research Center of Yamagata University,Japan+2 种基金financially supported by a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(26310304)Yamagata University YU-COE(S)programby the Advanced Agri-food System Research Center of Yamagata University,Japan。
文摘To examine the impact of anthropogenic land reconstruction,particularly the consolidation of small terraces into larger fields,on soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN)dynamics,rice yield,and its components,soil and plant samples were collected from seven newly reconstructed fields in Japanese Andosols in Tochigi,Japan.Samples were obtained from both the former low-and high-elevation sides within each field plot.During harvest season,nine rice plants were randomly selected from each plot(0.675 m^(2),comprising 3 rows and 3 hills per row),collected from a 3-m stretch along both the east(former low side)and west(former high side)ridges.Soil cores were collected from identical plots at two depths(0–15 and 15–30 cm)and combined into one composite sample per layer.Rice plant samples were air-dried for two weeks until reaching constant moisture content,after which stems and ears were separated and weighed to determine biomass,yield,yield components,and nitrogen uptake.This indicated that land reconstruction significantly affected rice yield and its components between the two sides of all field plots.SOC,TN,and their decomposition following land reconstruction showed notable changes,especially in the 15–30 cm subsurface soil layer.Additionally,grain weight demonstrated significant correlation with SOC,TN,and carbon decomposition in both the 0–15 and 15–30 cm layers,indicating that soil fertility to a depth of 30 cm was crucial for rice productivity after land reconstruction.
基金funded by the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System,grant number CARS-01-33.
文摘Spikelet filling characteristics in early-season rice in southern China may be distinctive due to its exposure to high temperatures during the ripening period.However,limited information is currently available on these characteristics.This study aimed to characterize spikelet filling in early-season rice and identify the key factors contributing to its improvement.Field experiments were conducted over two years(2021 and 2022)to mainly investigate the proportions of fully-filled,partially-filled,and empty spikelets,along with the biomass-fertilized spikelet ratio and harvest index,in 11 early-season rice varieties.The results revealed significant varietal variation in spikelet filling,with the proportion of fully-filled spikelets ranging from 60.6%to 81.1%in 2021 and from 66.3%to 79.2%in 2022.Among the 11 varieties,Liangyou 42,Lingliangyou 942,and Liangyou 287 exhibited relatively superior performance in spikelet filling.Linear regression revealed that,although a significant negative relationship existed between the proportion of fully-filled spikelets and both partially-filled and empty spikelets,the relationship with partially-filled spikelets was stronger.Additionally,the proportion of fully-filled spikelets showed a significant positive relationship with the harvest index but not with the biomass-fertilized spikelet ratio.These findings indicate that increasing the harvest index and reducing the occurrence of partially-filled grains are essential strategies for improving spikelet filling in early-season rice.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Project‘Innovation and Integration of Key Technologies for Integration of Agricultural Machinery and Agronomy in Weak Links of Hybrid Mid-season Rice in Hilly Areas of Southwest China’(2023YFD2301901).
文摘Chilo suppressalis(Walker)is one of the most important rice pests worldwide,posing a significant challenge to effective control.To develop a precision-timed,eco-friendly management strategy,overwintering population investigation and dynamic monitoring of C.suppressalis populations were conducted in the Meishan region of Sichuan,China,from 2023 to 2024.The optimal timing for insecticide application was estimated,followed by field trials evaluating the efficacy of different insecticides.Results demonstrated that the peak emergence of first-generation adults typically occurred in early July(under the environmental conditions of the Meishan region),with the ambient humidity below 75%and temperature around 29◦C.Pesticide efficacy trials show that insecticide combinations exhibited superior control.Notably,a combined treatment of emamectin benzoate⋅methoxyfenozide+chlorantraniliprole achieved the highest control efficacy(90.05%)and a corresponding yield of 12,491.55 kg/ha.All tested treatments were determined to be safe for rice growth.Furthermore,this optimized strategy resulted in notable economic benefits,including a 50%reduction in pesticide usage and cost savings of 4796.15 CNY compared to conventional practices.This study provides valuable insights into sustainable rice production and pest management and,for the first time,proposes a precision application time window based on intelligent monitoring.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301845)GuangDong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515012339)+3 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFD1200801)Seed industry revitalization project of special fund for rural revitalization strategy in Guangdong Province(2024-NPY-00-001)Modern Seed Industry Innovation Capacity Enhancement Progject of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Elite Rice Plan of GDRRI(2023YG01)Guangdong Key Laboratory of Rice Science and Technology(2023B1212060042).
文摘Leaf thickness in rice critically influences photosynthetic efficiency and yield,yet its genetic basis remains poorly understood,with few functional genes previously characterized.In this study,we employ a pangenome-wide association study(Pan-GWAS)on 302 diverse rice accessions from southern China,identifying 49 quantitative trait loci(QTLs)associated with leaf thickness.The most significant locus,qLT9,is fine-mapped to a 79-kb region on chromosome 9.Transcriptomic and genomic sequence analyses identify LOC_Os09g33480,which encodes a protein belonging to Multiple Organellar RNA Editing Factor family,as the key candidate gene.Overexpression and complementation transgenic experiments confirm LOC_Os09g33480(OsLT9)as the functional gene underlying qLT9,demonstrating a 24-bp Indel in its promoter correlates with the expression levels and leaf thickness.Notably,OsLT9 overexpression lines show not only thicker leaf,but also significantly enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and grain yield,establishing a link between leaf thickness modulation and yield enhancement.Population genomic analyses indicate strong selection for OsLT9 during domestication and breeding,with modern cultivars favoring thick leaf haplotype of OsLT9.This study establishes OsLT9 as a key regulator controlling leaf thickness in rice,and provides a valuable genetic resource for molecular breeding of high-yielding rice through optimization of plant architecture.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871592)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2042022kf0015)+1 种基金the Creative Research Groups of the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2020CFA009)the Project for Technology Innovation of Hubei Province(2024BBA005).
文摘Leaf angle is a pivotal agronomic trait that significantly influences crop architecture and yield.Plant hormones,such as auxin,play a critical role in regulating leaf angle;however,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated.Here,we reveal that the auxin response factor gene,OsARF12,which is highly expressed in the leaf lamina joint,negatively regulates rice(Oryza sativa L.)leaf angle via affecting shoot gravitropism.Overexpression lines of OsARF12 exhibit more erect leaf angles,while the osarf12 mutants display enlarged leaf angles compared to the wild type.Further studies demonstrate that OsARF12 directly activates the expression of Loose Plant Architecture1(LPA1)and LAZY1 by binding to their promoters.The osarf12 mutant presents impaired shoot gravitropism,a phenotype consistent with that of the lpa1 and lazy1 mutants.Collectively,we elucidate the biological functions of OsARF12,which modulates leaf angle through its impact on shoot gravitropism by regulating the expression levels of LPA1 and LAZY1.This study provides insight into the role of auxin in determining rice leaf angle,potentially holding profound effects for the optimization of crop architecture.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFD2301300)the National Rice Industry Technology System,China(Grant No.CARS-01).
文摘Flooding stress is a major adverse condition during the emergence period of direct-seeded rice.This study investigated the use of wood vinegar as a seed soaking treatment to enhance rice seedling rates under flooding stress,exploring both the methodology and physiological mechanisms involved.The optimal seed soaking concentration was determined through a gradient experiment,followed by a multi-cultivar validation test.The physiological mechanism of wood vinegar soaking on seedling emergence was analyzed by measuring the electrical conductivity of the flooding water,the changes in starch and soluble sugar contents in the grains and sprouts,and the dynamics ofα-amylase activity and antioxidant-related enzyme activities in the sprouts.The results showed that soaking rice seeds in a wood vinegar solution at a low concentration significantly enhanced the emergence of rice seedlings under flooding conditions,with a 100-fold dilution having the most pronounced effect,increasing seedling rates by 50.6%-60.0%.Further analysis indicated that wood vinegar treatment enhanced seedling establishment by inducing a significant increase inα-amylase activity,leading to a 74.9%-213.6%increase in soluble sugar content in the sprouts during 2-8 d after flooding stress compared with the control.Additionally,the treatment increased superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in the sprouts,mitigating lipid peroxidation of the cell membranes,and notably lower water electrical conductivity was observed in wood vinegar-treated seeds compared with the control.In conclusion,soaking rice seeds in a 100-fold diluted wood vinegar solution improves rice seedling rates under flooding stress by mitigating oxidative damage and maintaining energy supply.This approach is valuable for developing cost-effective seed treatment technologies and offering novel strategies to improve seedling rates and uniformity of direct-seeded rice under flooding conditions.
文摘Rice bran is the outer layer of the rice grain and a by-product of milling rice kernels,possessing high nutritional and therapeutic value.It is abundant in dietary fibers,vitamins,minerals,polyphenols,and various antioxidant molecules.The health-promoting effects of rice bran and its biomolecules have been documented in several studies.In this review,we evaluated the different nutritive and health-promoting effects of rice bran,particularly its impact on gut health and other chronic conditions associated with gut health.The biomolecules present in rice bran and their potential therapeutic effects were also summarized.This paper recapitulated the potential therapeutic and preventive efficacy of rice bran against various ailments,along with their mechanisms of action.Rice bran is an important source of nutritive substances.In addition to their nutritive value,rice bran is rich in diverse biomolecules such as anthocyanins,flavonoids,phenolics,γ-oryzanol,phytosterols and derivatives,saturated fatty acids,monounsaturated fatty acids,and polyunsaturated fatty acids.The dietary fibers in rice bran play a key role in modulating gut microbiota,reducing inflammation,and maintaining gut health.Rice bran and its components have been found to exhibit therapeutic benefits against inflammation,diabetes,cancer,liver disorders,cardiac issues,and neurological disorders through various mechanisms.Different clinical investigations have also confirmed the potential beneficial effects of rice bran and rice bran oil in various metabolic and cardiac disease conditions.Modulating gut microbiota is an important mechanism of the beneficial effects exerted by rice bran.This comprehensive review underscores the nutritional and therapeutic value of rice bran,emphasizing its potential for wider adoption to address nutrient deficiencies and improve human health.
基金supported by the General Project of Humanities and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education of China(24YJA790085)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Beijing Institute of Technology,China(2024CX01020)。
文摘In China,farmers have increasingly adopted direct-seeded rice(DSR).While various impacts of DSR have been studied,limited evidence exists regarding the effect of DSR adoption on pesticide use.This study examines the impact of DSR adoption on pesticide use utilizing data from a 2018 survey of 982 rice farmers in China's Yangtze River Basin.The endogenous treatment-regression and switching regression models are employed to address self-selection bias.The results indicate that,after accounting for self-selection,DSR adopters spend 401.72 CNY ha^(-1) more on pesticides compared to non-adopters.Although DSR adoption significantly increases the use of insecticides,fungicides and herbicides,its impact is most pronounced for insecticide expenditure and least pronounced for herbicide expenditure.The findings remain robust when altering the dependent variable,truncating the research sample,and modifying the estimation method.Heterogeneous analysis reveals that DSR adoption has a stronger positive impact on pesticide expenditure among farmers below 60 years of age,with at least 6 years of education,and managing rice sown areas less than 2 ha.Based on these findings,this study recommends enhancing complementary techniques for DSR,improving the dissemination of DSR cultivation technologies,and strengthening socialized services.This research provides a comprehensive assessment of DSR's advantages and disadvantages,particularly regarding pesticide use,offering important policy implications for pesticide reduction.
基金Funded by Central Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Special Fund Project(No.ZYYD2023B02)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.S202410994015)+2 种基金China University of Mining and Technology Coal Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development National Key Laboratory Xinjiang Engineering College Joint Fund(No.SKLCRSM-XJIE24KF001)Basic Research Funds for Autonomous Region Universities(No.XJEDU2024P082)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41662017)。
文摘In order to realize the comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste rice husk ash and heavy metal cadmium contaminated soil,rice husk ash-based geopolymer prepared by alkaline activator was used to modify cadmium contaminated soil.The main physical and chemical properties of rice husk ash were clarified by SEM,XRF and X-ray diffraction.The unconfined compressive strength test and toxicity leaching test were carried out on the modified soil.Combined with FTIR and TG micro-level,the solidification mechanism of rice husk ash-based geopolymer solidified cadmium contaminated soil was discussed.The results show that the strength of geopolymer modified soil is significantly higher than that of plain soil,and the unconfined compressive strength at 7 d age is 4.2 times that of plain soil.The strength of modified soil with different dosage of geopolymer at 28 d age is about 36% to 40% higher than that of modified soil at 7 d age.Geopolymer has a significant effect on the leaching of heavy metals in contaminated soil.When the cadmium content is 100 mg/kg,it meets the standard limit.In the process of complex depolymerization-condensation reaction,on the one hand,geopolymers are cemented and agglomerated to form a complex spatial structure,which affects the macro and micro characteristics of soil.On the other hand,it has significant adsorption,precipitation and replacement effects on heavy metal ions in soil,showing good strength and low heavy metal leaching toxicity.
基金financial support received from the Shanghai Oriental Talent Youth Project(T2023218)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(32025029)+2 种基金the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program of China Association for Science and Technology(YESS20220128)the Shanghai Research Center for Food Microbiology Engineering(19DZ2281100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Key Program)(U23A20261).
文摘Atopic dermatitis(AD),which is associated with inflammatory response and skin damage,is increasing worldwide in recent years.Interest is increasing in the protective effects of natural and fermented products on the prevention and treatment of AD.This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effects of a new rice milk product fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae on AD mice.Fermented rice milk could effectively attenuated the symptoms of AD mice,such as skin lesions,scaliness and lichenification.Furthermore,fermented rice milk decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin(IL)-4,IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αin 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB)induced mice.It was also observed that fermented rice milk treatment downregulated the levels of p-IKBα,p-NF-κB,p-ERK,p-JNK and p-p38 proteins expression in skin of AD mice,which showed the anti-inflammatory function of fermented rice milk,mainly via the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.In addition,S.cerevisiae fermentation reduced original flavor of rice milk,and increased the acid and alcohol compounds.Overall,the findings indicated that S.cerevisiae fermentation improved the flavor characteristics of rice milk,and fermented rice milk exhibited protective effects against DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis by downregulating NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways and protecting the skin barrier.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation General Project of Heilongjiang Province(C2018050).
文摘As a vital food crop,rice is an important part of global food crops.Studying the spatiotemporal changes in rice cultivation facilitates early prediction of production risks and provides support for agricultural policy decisions related to rice.With the increasing application of satellite remote sensing technology in crop monitoring,remote sensing for rice cultivation has emerged as a novel approach,offering new perspectives for monitoring rice planting.This paper briefly outlined the current research and development status of satellite remote sensing for monitoring rice cultivation both at home and abroad.Foreign scholars have made innovations in data sources and methodologies for satellite remote sensing monitoring,and utilized multi-source satellite information and machine learning algorithms to enhance the accuracy of rice planting monitoring.Scholars in China have achieved significant results in the study of satellite remote sensing for monitoring rice cultivation.Their research and application in monitoring rice planting areas provide valuable references for agricultural production management.However,satellite remote sensing monitoring of rice still faces challenges such as low spatiotemporal resolution and difficulties related to cloud cover and data fusion,which require further in-depth investigation.Additionally,there are shortcomings in the accuracy of remote sensing monitoring for fragmented farmland plots and smallholder farming.To address these issues,future efforts should focus on developing multi-source heterogeneous data fusion analysis technologies and researching monitoring systems.These advancements are expected to enable high-precision large-scale acquisition of rice planting information,laying a foundation for future smart agriculture.
