With an increasing incidence of protein malnutrition and the burden on staple grains to meet nutritional needs,non-conventional protein sources have gained market share as beneficial alternatives to expensive,over-exp...With an increasing incidence of protein malnutrition and the burden on staple grains to meet nutritional needs,non-conventional protein sources have gained market share as beneficial alternatives to expensive,over-exploited,and ecologically damaging conventional sources.Among the non-conventional protein sources,insects are a unique and effective source of protein that helps ensure global food security.Insect protein production&utilization encounters significant challenges such as poor production technologies,low consumer acceptance due to psychological rather than rational reasons,and absence of clear legislation for regulating insects as food.The review presents a comprehensive summary of the nutritional importance of insect proteins,production tech-nologies,novel food applications,regulatory considerations,and market value with an emphasis on the current scientific knowledge and future perspective.Furthermore,it highlights the richness of insect proteins in essential nutrients.Sustainable production technologies enhanced the palatability and versatility of insect-based foods.The regulatory landscape surrounding insect proteins varies across regions,with some countries having estab-lished frameworks for their production and consumption,while others are still developing regulations.Overall,insect proteins represent a promising solution to the challenges faced by the global food system,offering a sustainable and versatile protein source.展开更多
The global protein supply chain is experiencing a profound transformation,driven by population growth,environmental crises,and rapid technological innovations.This review emphasizes a systems-thinking approach from th...The global protein supply chain is experiencing a profound transformation,driven by population growth,environmental crises,and rapid technological innovations.This review emphasizes a systems-thinking approach from the outset,framing plant-based,cultured,and insect-derived proteins as interconnected solutions within a broader food ecosystem.It critically examines recent advancements in plant-based,cultured,and insect-derived proteins,exploring their potential to address the dual challenges of global nutritional security and environmental sustainability.While plant-based proteins currently dominate the market,their dependence on ultra-processed ingredients and incomplete amino acid profiles highlights significant nutritional and functional limitations that warrant further investigation.Cultured meat,despite significant progress in scaffold engineering and the development of serum-free culture media,faces critical scalability challenges and uncertain long-term health implications that remain underexplored.Insect proteins,though nutritionally dense and environmentally efficient,face substantial barriers related to consumer acceptance,regulatory fragmentation,and cultural resistance.Emerging cross-disciplinary innovations-such as AI-driven protein design,precision fermentation,and circular bioeconomy frameworks-offer promising avenues for overcoming these limitations,yet their successful integration will depend on coordinated policy frameworks,consumer education,and robust regulatory systems.Ultimately,this review posits that embedding a systems-thinking perspective is essential for the future of alternative proteins,ensuring the simultaneous optimization of nutrition,ethics,and ecology.Without such an integrated approach,alternative proteins may continue to occupy niche markets rather than becoming mainstream solutions.展开更多
Edible insects have been attracting significant attention not only for their nutritional superiority but also for their excellent bio-functional activity.In this study,the apoptotic protective effects of water-soluble...Edible insects have been attracting significant attention not only for their nutritional superiority but also for their excellent bio-functional activity.In this study,the apoptotic protective effects of water-soluble protein(WPB)and salt-soluble protein(SPB)extracts derived from Protaetia brevitarsis against hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))-induced oxidative stress in C2C12 cells were investigated.WPB and SPB were confirmed to exhibit radical scavenging and ferric-ion reducing activities.In addition,WPB and SPB treatments effectively restored the decreased cell viability of the C2C12 cells induced by H2O2 treatment,and showcased protective effects against apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating the expressions of pro-and anti-apoptotic proteins.Therefore,our data indicated that protein extracts from Protaetia brevitarsis could be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with apoptosis induced by oxidative stress.展开更多
Considering huge number of insect species in the world,studies of heat shock proteins on insects are still very limited.Special focus of＂Insect heat shock proteins and their underlying functions＂provides a comprehen...Considering huge number of insect species in the world,studies of heat shock proteins on insects are still very limited.Special focus of＂Insect heat shock proteins and their underlying functions＂provides a comprehensive knowledge for the given topics,which focuses on the heat shock proteins from four insect species：i）Five heat shock proteins（HSPs）from Cotesia chilonis were identified,and their expressional patterns under different temperatures were examined.展开更多
The green fluorescence of bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea victoria is due to the presence of the green fluorescent protein (GFP). To examine whether the GFP gene can be applied as a reporter gene in insect cells...The green fluorescence of bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea victoria is due to the presence of the green fluorescent protein (GFP). To examine whether the GFP gene can be applied as a reporter gene in insect cells, a baculovirus transfer vector containing the neomycin resistance gene (neo) was established. The GFP gene was subcloned into the vector downstream of the polyhedrin gene (ocu) promoter. In the presence of G418, the recombinant virus can be purified. Expression of the GFP gene in the recombinant virus should give rise to synthesis of the GFP with a molecular weight of 30×10 3 dalton, and is observable by the strong green light irradiated by ultraviolet or blue light in viable intact insect cells. The GFP produced in insect cells has typical fluorescent spectra indistinguishable from those of the purified native GFP. The GFP gene as a good reporter gene can be applied to the baculovirus insect cell expression system.展开更多
INTRODUCTIONAlthough reliable assays for the detection ofhepatitis C virus and E virus became available, still10% 20% hepatitis are not caused byhepatitis A-E virus[1-3]. In 1996, two research groups isolatedthis agen...INTRODUCTIONAlthough reliable assays for the detection ofhepatitis C virus and E virus became available, still10% 20% hepatitis are not caused byhepatitis A-E virus[1-3]. In 1996, two research groups isolatedthis agent independently and almost simultaneouslyand named hepatitis G virus and GB virus C,respectively[4-7].展开更多
Insects are a valuable biological resource on Earth,known for their high biodiversity,ease of cultivation,and large populations.In China,the utilization of insects has a long history and has produced significant econo...Insects are a valuable biological resource on Earth,known for their high biodiversity,ease of cultivation,and large populations.In China,the utilization of insects has a long history and has produced significant economic and social benefits.Insect products such as silkworms,silk,and bees are already familiar to the public and have continuously promoted the global economy.Recently,in some ethnic minority areas of China,insect industries have become the main source of fiscal revenue and an essential industrial support for rural revitalization.This has laid a strong foundation for research and development in the insect industry throughout China.It is urgent to utilize national resources to focus on strategic issues related to the high effective development of the insect industry.By gathering related resources for insect research,breakthroughs are expected in the discovery and development of innovative materials,drugs,and proteins based on insect resources.Such advancements will create significant value for human society.展开更多
Extensive planting of Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt）-transgenic plants economically benefits society; how-ever, the potential risk they pose is receiving increasing attention. This study used enzyme-linked immunosorben...Extensive planting of Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt）-transgenic plants economically benefits society; how-ever, the potential risk they pose is receiving increasing attention. This study used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fluorescence quantitative PCR （RT-PCR） to monitor the temporal and spatial dynamics of the expression of Bt toxic protein in a forest of 6- to 8-year-old trees of transgenic insect-resistant poplar 741 for three consec- utive years. The enrichment, distribution, and degradation of Bt toxic protein and the influence of transgenic poplars on the targeted insect population, Hyphantria cunea, were investigated. The content of CrylAc toxic protein dynamically changed in transgenic poplar. During the annual growth cycle, the content initially increased, then decreased in the long and the short branches of the crown and in the root system, peaking in August. During the study, the protein did not accumulate overtime. The mRNA transcription of gene CrylAc was almost consistent with the level of the protein, but transcription peaked in July. In the transgenic and control forestland, microscale levels of the CrylAc toxic protein were detected from the soil, but increased accumulation was not observed with the planting year of transgenic poplar. Meanwhile, Bt was isolated and detected molecularly from the soil in the experimental forestland. A systematic investigation of the density of H. cunea in the experimental transgenic poplar forest indi- cated that transgenic Pb29 poplar could resist insects to a certain degree. At peak occurrence of the targeted insects, the density of H. cunea in the experimental forest was significantly lower than in the nontransgenic poplar forest.展开更多
Complex coacervation of whey protein（WP） with acacia gum（AG） was carried out in water with the presence of dodecyl acetate （DA）,a component of insect sex pheromones,in order to obtain microcapsules with DA as th...Complex coacervation of whey protein（WP） with acacia gum（AG） was carried out in water with the presence of dodecyl acetate （DA）,a component of insect sex pheromones,in order to obtain microcapsules with DA as the core material and WP-AG coacervate as the wall materials.Through variations in wall/core ratios,concentrations of the wall materials in capsule preparations,DA encapsulation was optimized,which showed a high DA encapsulation was achieved when coacervation was conducted at pH 3.5 with wall/core mass ratio at 3 combined with concentration of wall materials at 1.0 wt%.Morphology and the structure of DA loaded microcapsules were examined by scanning electron microscope,which showed the microcapsules were of core/shell structure with DA encapsulated in the inner of the microcapsules.DA release was examined and the behavior of the release was discussed.展开更多
Cirina butyrospermi is the main lepidoptera whose larvae constitute one of the main sources of edible insect protein in human food and are consumed by many ethnic groups in Burkina Faso and elsewhere in Africa. The pr...Cirina butyrospermi is the main lepidoptera whose larvae constitute one of the main sources of edible insect protein in human food and are consumed by many ethnic groups in Burkina Faso and elsewhere in Africa. The preservation and mass production of this useful insect call for increased knowledge of its biological parameters. This study was carried out at the Farako-Ba experimental, environmental and agricultural research station of the Burkina Faso Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research. The approach has been to feed the larvae individually in the petri dishes wish the leaves of shea and then to measure the different biological parameters. Laboratory results—under temperature conditions varying between 24.5°C - 31°C and relative humidity varying between 58.40% - 84.80% with a 12:12 photoperiod—show that the incubation time of eggs is 30 days on average. The development cycle, which includes five larval stages, all feeding on shea leaves, lasts 33.3 ± 3.5 days. Adults (imago) live on average 2.28 ± 0.63 days for males and 2.47 ± 0.56 days for females. Finally, the average number of eggs laid per female is 283.19 ± 96, with an average fertility rate of 84.26% ± 2.16%. Thus, some biological parameters of this insect in our study conditions are now known. These results could contribute to knowledge of the bio-ecology of this insect, improving prospects for diversification and increased nutritional quality for humans.展开更多
文摘With an increasing incidence of protein malnutrition and the burden on staple grains to meet nutritional needs,non-conventional protein sources have gained market share as beneficial alternatives to expensive,over-exploited,and ecologically damaging conventional sources.Among the non-conventional protein sources,insects are a unique and effective source of protein that helps ensure global food security.Insect protein production&utilization encounters significant challenges such as poor production technologies,low consumer acceptance due to psychological rather than rational reasons,and absence of clear legislation for regulating insects as food.The review presents a comprehensive summary of the nutritional importance of insect proteins,production tech-nologies,novel food applications,regulatory considerations,and market value with an emphasis on the current scientific knowledge and future perspective.Furthermore,it highlights the richness of insect proteins in essential nutrients.Sustainable production technologies enhanced the palatability and versatility of insect-based foods.The regulatory landscape surrounding insect proteins varies across regions,with some countries having estab-lished frameworks for their production and consumption,while others are still developing regulations.Overall,insect proteins represent a promising solution to the challenges faced by the global food system,offering a sustainable and versatile protein source.
文摘The global protein supply chain is experiencing a profound transformation,driven by population growth,environmental crises,and rapid technological innovations.This review emphasizes a systems-thinking approach from the outset,framing plant-based,cultured,and insect-derived proteins as interconnected solutions within a broader food ecosystem.It critically examines recent advancements in plant-based,cultured,and insect-derived proteins,exploring their potential to address the dual challenges of global nutritional security and environmental sustainability.While plant-based proteins currently dominate the market,their dependence on ultra-processed ingredients and incomplete amino acid profiles highlights significant nutritional and functional limitations that warrant further investigation.Cultured meat,despite significant progress in scaffold engineering and the development of serum-free culture media,faces critical scalability challenges and uncertain long-term health implications that remain underexplored.Insect proteins,though nutritionally dense and environmentally efficient,face substantial barriers related to consumer acceptance,regulatory fragmentation,and cultural resistance.Emerging cross-disciplinary innovations-such as AI-driven protein design,precision fermentation,and circular bioeconomy frameworks-offer promising avenues for overcoming these limitations,yet their successful integration will depend on coordinated policy frameworks,consumer education,and robust regulatory systems.Ultimately,this review posits that embedding a systems-thinking perspective is essential for the future of alternative proteins,ensuring the simultaneous optimization of nutrition,ethics,and ecology.Without such an integrated approach,alternative proteins may continue to occupy niche markets rather than becoming mainstream solutions.
基金This research was supported by the Main Research Program(E0211200-03)of the Korea Food Research Institute(KFRI)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(Republic of Korea).
文摘Edible insects have been attracting significant attention not only for their nutritional superiority but also for their excellent bio-functional activity.In this study,the apoptotic protective effects of water-soluble protein(WPB)and salt-soluble protein(SPB)extracts derived from Protaetia brevitarsis against hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))-induced oxidative stress in C2C12 cells were investigated.WPB and SPB were confirmed to exhibit radical scavenging and ferric-ion reducing activities.In addition,WPB and SPB treatments effectively restored the decreased cell viability of the C2C12 cells induced by H2O2 treatment,and showcased protective effects against apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating the expressions of pro-and anti-apoptotic proteins.Therefore,our data indicated that protein extracts from Protaetia brevitarsis could be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with apoptosis induced by oxidative stress.
文摘Considering huge number of insect species in the world,studies of heat shock proteins on insects are still very limited.Special focus of＂Insect heat shock proteins and their underlying functions＂provides a comprehensive knowledge for the given topics,which focuses on the heat shock proteins from four insect species：i）Five heat shock proteins（HSPs）from Cotesia chilonis were identified,and their expressional patterns under different temperatures were examined.
文摘The green fluorescence of bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea victoria is due to the presence of the green fluorescent protein (GFP). To examine whether the GFP gene can be applied as a reporter gene in insect cells, a baculovirus transfer vector containing the neomycin resistance gene (neo) was established. The GFP gene was subcloned into the vector downstream of the polyhedrin gene (ocu) promoter. In the presence of G418, the recombinant virus can be purified. Expression of the GFP gene in the recombinant virus should give rise to synthesis of the GFP with a molecular weight of 30×10 3 dalton, and is observable by the strong green light irradiated by ultraviolet or blue light in viable intact insect cells. The GFP produced in insect cells has typical fluorescent spectra indistinguishable from those of the purified native GFP. The GFP gene as a good reporter gene can be applied to the baculovirus insect cell expression system.
基金Supported by the Neational Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 39825116, 39970394.
文摘INTRODUCTIONAlthough reliable assays for the detection ofhepatitis C virus and E virus became available, still10% 20% hepatitis are not caused byhepatitis A-E virus[1-3]. In 1996, two research groups isolatedthis agent independently and almost simultaneouslyand named hepatitis G virus and GB virus C,respectively[4-7].
基金This research is grateful for the financial support provided by the Fundamental Research Funds of the Chinese Academy of Forestry(CAFYBB2020QA003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772542).
文摘Insects are a valuable biological resource on Earth,known for their high biodiversity,ease of cultivation,and large populations.In China,the utilization of insects has a long history and has produced significant economic and social benefits.Insect products such as silkworms,silk,and bees are already familiar to the public and have continuously promoted the global economy.Recently,in some ethnic minority areas of China,insect industries have become the main source of fiscal revenue and an essential industrial support for rural revitalization.This has laid a strong foundation for research and development in the insect industry throughout China.It is urgent to utilize national resources to focus on strategic issues related to the high effective development of the insect industry.By gathering related resources for insect research,breakthroughs are expected in the discovery and development of innovative materials,drugs,and proteins based on insect resources.Such advancements will create significant value for human society.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(Grant No.2013AA102703)
文摘Extensive planting of Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt）-transgenic plants economically benefits society; how-ever, the potential risk they pose is receiving increasing attention. This study used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fluorescence quantitative PCR （RT-PCR） to monitor the temporal and spatial dynamics of the expression of Bt toxic protein in a forest of 6- to 8-year-old trees of transgenic insect-resistant poplar 741 for three consec- utive years. The enrichment, distribution, and degradation of Bt toxic protein and the influence of transgenic poplars on the targeted insect population, Hyphantria cunea, were investigated. The content of CrylAc toxic protein dynamically changed in transgenic poplar. During the annual growth cycle, the content initially increased, then decreased in the long and the short branches of the crown and in the root system, peaking in August. During the study, the protein did not accumulate overtime. The mRNA transcription of gene CrylAc was almost consistent with the level of the protein, but transcription peaked in July. In the transgenic and control forestland, microscale levels of the CrylAc toxic protein were detected from the soil, but increased accumulation was not observed with the planting year of transgenic poplar. Meanwhile, Bt was isolated and detected molecularly from the soil in the experimental forestland. A systematic investigation of the density of H. cunea in the experimental transgenic poplar forest indi- cated that transgenic Pb29 poplar could resist insects to a certain degree. At peak occurrence of the targeted insects, the density of H. cunea in the experimental forest was significantly lower than in the nontransgenic poplar forest.
文摘Complex coacervation of whey protein（WP） with acacia gum（AG） was carried out in water with the presence of dodecyl acetate （DA）,a component of insect sex pheromones,in order to obtain microcapsules with DA as the core material and WP-AG coacervate as the wall materials.Through variations in wall/core ratios,concentrations of the wall materials in capsule preparations,DA encapsulation was optimized,which showed a high DA encapsulation was achieved when coacervation was conducted at pH 3.5 with wall/core mass ratio at 3 combined with concentration of wall materials at 1.0 wt%.Morphology and the structure of DA loaded microcapsules were examined by scanning electron microscope,which showed the microcapsules were of core/shell structure with DA encapsulated in the inner of the microcapsules.DA release was examined and the behavior of the release was discussed.
文摘Cirina butyrospermi is the main lepidoptera whose larvae constitute one of the main sources of edible insect protein in human food and are consumed by many ethnic groups in Burkina Faso and elsewhere in Africa. The preservation and mass production of this useful insect call for increased knowledge of its biological parameters. This study was carried out at the Farako-Ba experimental, environmental and agricultural research station of the Burkina Faso Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research. The approach has been to feed the larvae individually in the petri dishes wish the leaves of shea and then to measure the different biological parameters. Laboratory results—under temperature conditions varying between 24.5°C - 31°C and relative humidity varying between 58.40% - 84.80% with a 12:12 photoperiod—show that the incubation time of eggs is 30 days on average. The development cycle, which includes five larval stages, all feeding on shea leaves, lasts 33.3 ± 3.5 days. Adults (imago) live on average 2.28 ± 0.63 days for males and 2.47 ± 0.56 days for females. Finally, the average number of eggs laid per female is 283.19 ± 96, with an average fertility rate of 84.26% ± 2.16%. Thus, some biological parameters of this insect in our study conditions are now known. These results could contribute to knowledge of the bio-ecology of this insect, improving prospects for diversification and increased nutritional quality for humans.
