This paper proposes a novel multivalued recurrent neural network model driven by external inputs,along with two innovative learning algorithms.By incorporating a multivalued activation function,the proposed model can ...This paper proposes a novel multivalued recurrent neural network model driven by external inputs,along with two innovative learning algorithms.By incorporating a multivalued activation function,the proposed model can achieve multivalued many-to-one associative memory,and the newly developed algorithms enable effective storage of many-to-one patterns in the coefficient matrix while maintaining the indispensability of inputs in many-to-one associative memory.The proposed learning algorithm addresses a critical limitation of existing models which fail to ensure completely erroneous outputs when facing partial input missing in many-to-one associative memory tasks.The methodology is rigorously derived through theoretical analysis,incorporating comprehensive verification of both the existence and global exponential stability of equilibrium points.Demonstrative examples are provided in the paper to show the effectiveness of the proposed theory.展开更多
Synapse organizers are essential for the development,transmission,and plasticity of synapses.Acting as rare synapse suppressors,the MAM domain containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor(MDGA)proteins contributes t...Synapse organizers are essential for the development,transmission,and plasticity of synapses.Acting as rare synapse suppressors,the MAM domain containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor(MDGA)proteins contributes to synapse organization by inhibiting the formation of the synaptogenic neuroligin-neurexin complex.A previous analysis of MDGA2 mice lacking a single copy of Mdga2 revealed upregulated glutamatergic synapses and behaviors consistent with autism.However,MDGA2 is expressed in diverse cell types and is localized to both excitatory and inhibitory synapses.Differentiating the network versus cell-specific effects of MDGA2 loss-of-function requires a cell-type and brain region-selective strategy.To address this,we generated mice harboring a conditional knockout of Mdga2 restricted to CA1 pyramidal neurons.Here we report that MDGA2 suppresses the density and function of excitatory synapses selectively on pyramidal neurons in the mature hippocampus.Conditional deletion of Mdga2 in CA1 pyramidal neurons of adult mice upregulated miniature and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic potentials,vesicular glutamate transporter 1 intensity,and neuronal excitability.These effects were limited to glutamatergic synapses as no changes were detected in miniature and spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic potential properties or vesicular GABA transporter intensity.Functionally,evoked basal synaptic transmission and AMPAR receptor currents were enhanced at glutamatergic inputs.At a behavioral level,memory appeared to be compromised in Mdga2 cKO mice as both novel object recognition and contextual fear conditioning performance were impaired,consistent with deficits in long-term potentiation in the CA3-CA1 pathway.Social affiliation,a behavioral analog of social deficits in autism,was similarly compromised.These results demonstrate that MDGA2 confines the properties of excitatory synapses to CA1 neurons in mature hippocampal circuits,thereby optimizing this network for plasticity,cognition,and social behaviors.展开更多
The synchronization of Chua＇s system, whose inputs include an unknown constant parameter, is studied in this paper. A constructive method is applied to designing an adaptive controller, in which only one variable inf...The synchronization of Chua＇s system, whose inputs include an unknown constant parameter, is studied in this paper. A constructive method is applied to designing an adaptive controller, in which only one variable information of the master system is needed. With the action of control signals, the parameter of the slave system will approach the corresponding unknown parameter in the master system. At the same time, the synchronization errors will also converge to zero asymptotically. Numerical simulations show that the proposed theoretical approach is very effective.展开更多
This paper deals with the simultaneous estimation of states and unknown inputs for a class of Lipschitz nonlinear systems using only the measured outputs. The system is assumed to have bounded uncertainties that appea...This paper deals with the simultaneous estimation of states and unknown inputs for a class of Lipschitz nonlinear systems using only the measured outputs. The system is assumed to have bounded uncertainties that appear on both the state and output matrices. The observer design problem is formulated as a set of linear constraints which can be easily solved using linear matrix inequalities (LMI) technique. An application based on manipulator arm actuated by a direct current (DC) motor is presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed observer. The observer is applied to estimate both state and faults.展开更多
Neurons in the primary auditory area(AUDp)innervate multiple brain regions with long-range projections while receiving informative inputs for diverse functions.However,the brain-wide connections of these neurons have ...Neurons in the primary auditory area(AUDp)innervate multiple brain regions with long-range projections while receiving informative inputs for diverse functions.However,the brain-wide connections of these neurons have not been comprehensively investigated.Here,we simultaneously applied virus-based anterograde and retrograde tracing,labeled the connections of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the mouse AUDp,and acquired whole-brain information using a dual-channel fuorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography system.Quantified results showed that the two types of neurons received inputs with similar patterns but sent heterogeneous projections to downstream regions.In the isocortex,functionally different areas consistently sent feedback-dominated projections to these neurons,with concomitant laterallydominated projections from the sensory and limbic cortices to inhibitory neurons.In subcortical regions,the dorsal and medial parts of the non-lemniscal auditory thalamus(AT)were reciprocally connected to the AUDp,while the ventral part contained the most fibers of passage from the excitatory neurons and barely sent projections back,indicating the regional heterogeneity of the AUDp-AT circuit.Our results reveal details of the whole-brain network and provide new insights for further physiological and functional studies of the AUDp.展开更多
Chemical processes are usually nonlinear singular systems.In this study,a soft sensor using nonlinear singular state observer is established for unknown inputs and uncertain model parameters in chemical processes,whic...Chemical processes are usually nonlinear singular systems.In this study,a soft sensor using nonlinear singular state observer is established for unknown inputs and uncertain model parameters in chemical processes,which are augmented as state variables.Based on the observability of the singular system,this paper presents a simplified observability criterion under certain conditions for unknown inputs and uncertain model parameters.When the observability is satisfied,the unknown inputs and the uncertain model parameters are estimated online by the soft sensor using augmented nonlinear singular state observer.The riser reactor of fluid catalytic cracking unit is used as an example for analysis and simulation.With the catalyst circulation rate as the only unknown input without model error,one temperature sensor at the riser reactor outlet will ensure the correct estimation for the catalyst circulation rate.However,when uncertain model parameters also exist,additional temperature sensors must be used to ensure correct estimation for unknown inputs and uncertain model parameters of chemical processes.展开更多
In this paper,we study in a constructive way the stabilization problem of fractional bilinear systems with multiple inputs.Using the quadratic Lyapunov functions and some additional hypotheses on the unit sphere,we co...In this paper,we study in a constructive way the stabilization problem of fractional bilinear systems with multiple inputs.Using the quadratic Lyapunov functions and some additional hypotheses on the unit sphere,we construct stabilizing feedback laws for the considered fractional bilinear system.A numerical example is given to illustrate the efficiency of the obtained result.展开更多
Presents a systematic design method of reduced order dynamical compensator via the parametric representations of eigenstructure assignment for linear system, which provides maximum degree of freedom, and can be easily...Presents a systematic design method of reduced order dynamical compensator via the parametric representations of eigenstructure assignment for linear system, which provides maximum degree of freedom, and can be easily used for the design of a linear system with unknown inputs under some conditions. Even when these conditions are not satisfied, the lower order dynamical compensator can also be designed under some relaxed conditions. Some examples illustrate that the method is neat, simple and effective.展开更多
Differing from other subtypes of inhibitory interneuron,chandelier or axo-axonic cells form depolarizing GABAergic synapses exclusively onto the axon initial segment(AIS)of targeted pyramidal cells(PCs).However,the de...Differing from other subtypes of inhibitory interneuron,chandelier or axo-axonic cells form depolarizing GABAergic synapses exclusively onto the axon initial segment(AIS)of targeted pyramidal cells(PCs).However,the debate whether these AIS-GABAergic inputs produce excitation or inhibition in neuronal processing is not resolved.Using realistic NEURON modeling and electrophysiological recording of cortical layer-5 PCs,we quantitatively demonstrate that the onset-timing of AIS-GABAergic input,relative to dendritic excitatory glutamatergic inputs,determines its bi-directional regulation of the efficacy of synaptic integration and spike generation in a PC.More specifically,AIS-GABAergic inputs promote the boosting effect of voltage-activated Na+channels on summed synaptic excitation when they precede glutamatergic inputs by>15 ms,while for nearly concurrent excitatory inputs,they primarily produce a shunting inhibition at the AIS.Thus,our findings offer an integrative mechanism by which AIS-targeting interneurons exert sophisticated regulation of the input-output function in targeted PCs.展开更多
The lateral habenula(LHb),which is a critical neuroanatomical hub and a regulator of midbrain monoaminergic centers,is activated by events resulting in negative valence and contributes to the expression of both appeti...The lateral habenula(LHb),which is a critical neuroanatomical hub and a regulator of midbrain monoaminergic centers,is activated by events resulting in negative valence and contributes to the expression of both appetitive and aversive behaviors.However,whole-brain cell-type-specific monosynaptic inputs to the LHb in both sexes remain incompletely elucidated.In this study,we used viral tracing combined with in situ hybridization targeting vesicular glutamate transporter 2(vGlut2)and glutamic acid decarboxylase 2(Gad2)to generate a comprehensive whole-brain atlas of inputs to glutamatergic andγ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)ergic neurons in the LHb.We found>30 ipsilateral and contralateral brain regions that projected to the LHb.Of these,there were significantly more monosynaptic LHb-projecting neurons from the lateral septum,anterior hypothalamus,dorsomedial hypothalamus,and ventromedial hypothalamus in females than in males.More interestingly,we found a stronger GABAergic projection from the medial septum to the LHb in males than in females.Our results reveal a comprehensive connectivity atlas of glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs to the LHb in both sexes,which may facilitate a better understanding of sexual dimorphism in physiological and pathological brain functions.展开更多
In this paper, the adaptive forecast and control of the market economic system with fuzzy inputs is discussed. A new method which is adapted for the adaptive forecast and control of this kind of system is introduced. ...In this paper, the adaptive forecast and control of the market economic system with fuzzy inputs is discussed. A new method which is adapted for the adaptive forecast and control of this kind of system is introduced. Through a living example the better result is explained concretly.展开更多
This paper investigates the problem of state estimation for discrete-time stochastic linear systems, where additional knowledge on the unknown inputs is available at an aggregate level and the knowledge on the missing...This paper investigates the problem of state estimation for discrete-time stochastic linear systems, where additional knowledge on the unknown inputs is available at an aggregate level and the knowledge on the missing measurements can be described by a known stochastic distribution. Firstly, the available knowledge on the unknown inputs and the state equation is used to form the prior distribution of the state vector at each time step. Secondly, to obtain an analytically tractable likelihood function, the effect of missing measurements is broken down into a systematic part and a random part, and the latter is modeled as part of the observation noise. Then, a recursive filter is obtained based on Bayesian inference. Finally, a numerical example is provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods.展开更多
In this paper, the asymptotic stability of Port-Hamiltonian (PH) systems with constant inputs is studied. Constant inputs are useful for stabilizing systems at their nonzero equilibria and can be realized by step sign...In this paper, the asymptotic stability of Port-Hamiltonian (PH) systems with constant inputs is studied. Constant inputs are useful for stabilizing systems at their nonzero equilibria and can be realized by step signals. To achieve this goal, two methods based on integral action and comparison principle are presented in this paper. These methods change the convex Hamiltonian function and the restricted damping matrix of the previous results into a Hamiltonian function with a local minimum and a positive semidefinite matrix, respectively. Due to common conditions of Hamiltonian function and damping matrix, the proposed method asymptotically stabilizes more classes of PH systems with constant inputs than the existing methods. Finally, the validity and advantages of the presented methods are shown in an example.展开更多
Due to highly underdetermined nature of Single Image Super-Resolution(SISR)problem,deep learning neural networks are required to be more deeper to solve the problem effectively.One of deep neural networks successful i...Due to highly underdetermined nature of Single Image Super-Resolution(SISR)problem,deep learning neural networks are required to be more deeper to solve the problem effectively.One of deep neural networks successful in the Super-Resolution(SR)problem is ResNet which can render the capability of deeper networks with the help of skip connections.However,zero padding(ZP)scheme in the network restricts benefits of skip connections in SRResNet and its performance as the ratio of the number of pure input data to that of zero padded data increases.In this paper.we consider the ResNet with Partial Convolution based Padding(PCP)instead of ZP to solve SR problem.Since training of deep neural networks using patch images is advantageous in many aspects such as the number of training image data and network complexities,patch image based SR performance is compared with single full image based one.The experimental results show that patch based SRResNet SR results are better than single full image based ones and the performance of deep SRResNet with PCP is better than the one with ZP.展开更多
A study was carried out in the Northern region of Cameroon to assess the influence of fertilizers （chemical fertilizer NPK （15-20-15 w/w/w） or cow dung） on the growth and yield ofJatropha curcas from four origins ...A study was carried out in the Northern region of Cameroon to assess the influence of fertilizers （chemical fertilizer NPK （15-20-15 w/w/w） or cow dung） on the growth and yield ofJatropha curcas from four origins namely Cameroon, Senegal, Tanzania and Mozambique. The experimental design was factorial with 4 origins×3 fertilizers×8 month durations. After planting, growth parameters and dendrometric measurements were carried out monthly during eight months. Data were analyzed using a Statgraphics program and Duncan test. The results showed that plant of Tanzania and Mozambique origin had higher germination rate in field 75% and 69.5%, respectively. The survival rate of transplants was 100% for Cameroon origin and 98.48% for Senegal origin. NPK and cow dung significantly （P 〈 0.05） increased the growth parameters height, diameter, number of ramifications, leaves and fruits of Jatropha curcas. In addition Jatropha from Cameroon origin exhibited the highest growing conditions and high fruit yield, then highlighting its potential for the biofuel program of the country. But significant improvement needs to be done, particularly on the level of fertilizer needed.展开更多
Selected persistent organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), including 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and its principal metabolites 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2...Selected persistent organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), including 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and its principal metabolites 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)e- thane (DDD), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and its isomers (α-,β-, γ-, and δ-HCH), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), endo- sulfan, dieldrin, and endrin were quantified to determine current levels of organochlorine pesticides, to assess the eco- toxicological potential, and to distin…展开更多
Hypoglossal motor neurons(HMNs) innervate tongue muscles and play key roles in a variety of physiological functions,including swallowing,mastication,suckling,vocalization,and respiration.Dysfunction of HMNs is associa...Hypoglossal motor neurons(HMNs) innervate tongue muscles and play key roles in a variety of physiological functions,including swallowing,mastication,suckling,vocalization,and respiration.Dysfunction of HMNs is associated with several diseases,such as obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) and sudden infant death syndrome.OS A is a serious breathing disorder associated with the activity of HMNs during different sleep-wake states.Identifying the neural mechanisms by which the statedependent activities of HMNs are controlled may be helpful in providing a theoretical basis for effective therapy for OSA.However,the presynaptic partners governing the activity of HMNs remain to be elucidated.In the present study,we used a cell-type-specific retrograde tracing system based on a modified rabies virus along with a Cre/loxP gene-expression strategy to map the whole-brain monosynaptic inputs to HMNs in mice.We identified 53 nuclei targeting HMNs from six brain regions:the amygdala,hypothalamus,midbrain,pons,medulla,and cerebellum.We discovered that GAB Aergic neurons in the central amygdaloid nucleus,as well as calretinin neurons in the parasubthalamic nucleus,sent monosynaptic projections to HMNs.In addition,HMNs received direct inputs from several regions associated with respiration,such as the preBotzinger complex,parabrachial nucleus,nucleus of the solitary tract,and hypothalamus.Some regions engaged in sleep-wake regulation(the parafacial zone,parabrachial nucleus,ventral medulla,sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus,dorsal raphe nucleus,periaqueductal gray,and hypothalamus) also provided primary inputs to HMNs.These results contribute to further elucidating the neural circuits underlying disorders caused by the dysfunction of HMNs.展开更多
Gyroscopes are one of the most interesting and everlasting nonlinear nonautonomous dynamical systems that exhibit very complex dynamical behavior such as chaos. In this paper, the problem of robust stabilization of th...Gyroscopes are one of the most interesting and everlasting nonlinear nonautonomous dynamical systems that exhibit very complex dynamical behavior such as chaos. In this paper, the problem of robust stabilization of the nonlinear non-autonomous gyroscopes in a given finite time is studied. It is assumed that the gyroscope system is perturbed by model uncertainties, external disturbances, and unknown parameters. Besides, the effects of input nonlinearities are taken into account. Appropriate adaptive laws are proposed to tackle the unknown parameters. Based on the adaptive laws and the finite-time control theory, discontinuous finite-time control laws are proposed to ensure the finite-time stability of the system. The finite-time stability and convergence of the closed-loop system are analytically proved. Some numerical simulations are presented to show the efficiency of the proposed finite-time control scheme and to validate the theoretical results.展开更多
The caudal forelimb area(CFA)of the mouse cortex is essential in many forelimb movements,and diverse types of GABAergic interneuron in the CFA are distinct in the mediation of cortical inhibition in motor information ...The caudal forelimb area(CFA)of the mouse cortex is essential in many forelimb movements,and diverse types of GABAergic interneuron in the CFA are distinct in the mediation of cortical inhibition in motor information processing.However,their long-range inputs remain unclear.In the present study,we combined the monosynaptic rabies virus system with Cre driver mouse lines to generate a whole-brain map of the inputs to three major inhibitory interneuron types in the CFA.We discovered that each type was innervated by the same upstream areas,but there were quantitative differences in the inputs from the cortex,thalamus,and pallidum.Comparing the locations of the interneurons in two subregions of the CFA,we discovered that their long-range inputs were remarkably different in distribution and proportion.This whole-brain mapping indicates the existence of parallel pathway organization in the forelimb subnetwork and provides insight into the inhibitory processes in forelimb movement to reveal the structural architecture underlying the functions of the CFA.展开更多
The influence of heat input on the microstructural evolution of laser-welded Ti_(2)AlNb joints was investigated in this study.The thermal cycles during welding process were analyzed by numerical simulation.In the heat...The influence of heat input on the microstructural evolution of laser-welded Ti_(2)AlNb joints was investigated in this study.The thermal cycles during welding process were analyzed by numerical simulation.In the heat affected zone(HAZ),the amount ofα_(2)and O phases decreased with laser power increasing.During the heating period,α_(2)→B2and O→B2transformations occurred,but the decomposition of the B2phase intoα_(2)and O phases was suppressed during the cooling period.The heat transfer in the HAZ generated more equiaxed B2grains,fewer LAGBs and a weaker{001}<110>texture due to recovery,recrystallization and grain growth.The phase composition of the fusion zone remained single with only the B2phase with the increase in heat input,but the mode of grain growth transformed from cellular growth into cellular dendritic growth.A finite element model was established to simulate the thermal cycles during the welding process.Higher heat input induced higher peak temperature,leading to higher temperatures in the HAZ for longer periods of time,which was beneficial for theα_(2)→B2and O→B2transformations.The calculated cooling rates in both the HAZ and in the fusion zone were faster than the critical cooling rate for B2→α_(2)and B2→O transformations.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62376105,12101208,and 61906072)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2662022XXQD001).
文摘This paper proposes a novel multivalued recurrent neural network model driven by external inputs,along with two innovative learning algorithms.By incorporating a multivalued activation function,the proposed model can achieve multivalued many-to-one associative memory,and the newly developed algorithms enable effective storage of many-to-one patterns in the coefficient matrix while maintaining the indispensability of inputs in many-to-one associative memory.The proposed learning algorithm addresses a critical limitation of existing models which fail to ensure completely erroneous outputs when facing partial input missing in many-to-one associative memory tasks.The methodology is rigorously derived through theoretical analysis,incorporating comprehensive verification of both the existence and global exponential stability of equilibrium points.Demonstrative examples are provided in the paper to show the effectiveness of the proposed theory.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82001203,82173819,81871012,and 81571263)the Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department(Y201839276)+3 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang University City College(X-202103)the R&D Project of Zhejiang(2022C03034)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ23C090001)a Canada Research Chair Award(P2018-0246).
文摘Synapse organizers are essential for the development,transmission,and plasticity of synapses.Acting as rare synapse suppressors,the MAM domain containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor(MDGA)proteins contributes to synapse organization by inhibiting the formation of the synaptogenic neuroligin-neurexin complex.A previous analysis of MDGA2 mice lacking a single copy of Mdga2 revealed upregulated glutamatergic synapses and behaviors consistent with autism.However,MDGA2 is expressed in diverse cell types and is localized to both excitatory and inhibitory synapses.Differentiating the network versus cell-specific effects of MDGA2 loss-of-function requires a cell-type and brain region-selective strategy.To address this,we generated mice harboring a conditional knockout of Mdga2 restricted to CA1 pyramidal neurons.Here we report that MDGA2 suppresses the density and function of excitatory synapses selectively on pyramidal neurons in the mature hippocampus.Conditional deletion of Mdga2 in CA1 pyramidal neurons of adult mice upregulated miniature and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic potentials,vesicular glutamate transporter 1 intensity,and neuronal excitability.These effects were limited to glutamatergic synapses as no changes were detected in miniature and spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic potential properties or vesicular GABA transporter intensity.Functionally,evoked basal synaptic transmission and AMPAR receptor currents were enhanced at glutamatergic inputs.At a behavioral level,memory appeared to be compromised in Mdga2 cKO mice as both novel object recognition and contextual fear conditioning performance were impaired,consistent with deficits in long-term potentiation in the CA3-CA1 pathway.Social affiliation,a behavioral analog of social deficits in autism,was similarly compromised.These results demonstrate that MDGA2 confines the properties of excitatory synapses to CA1 neurons in mature hippocampal circuits,thereby optimizing this network for plasticity,cognition,and social behaviors.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No 60502009）.
文摘The synchronization of Chua＇s system, whose inputs include an unknown constant parameter, is studied in this paper. A constructive method is applied to designing an adaptive controller, in which only one variable information of the master system is needed. With the action of control signals, the parameter of the slave system will approach the corresponding unknown parameter in the master system. At the same time, the synchronization errors will also converge to zero asymptotically. Numerical simulations show that the proposed theoretical approach is very effective.
文摘This paper deals with the simultaneous estimation of states and unknown inputs for a class of Lipschitz nonlinear systems using only the measured outputs. The system is assumed to have bounded uncertainties that appear on both the state and output matrices. The observer design problem is formulated as a set of linear constraints which can be easily solved using linear matrix inequalities (LMI) technique. An application based on manipulator arm actuated by a direct current (DC) motor is presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed observer. The observer is applied to estimate both state and faults.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61890953.61890954,and 31871088)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-12M5014).
文摘Neurons in the primary auditory area(AUDp)innervate multiple brain regions with long-range projections while receiving informative inputs for diverse functions.However,the brain-wide connections of these neurons have not been comprehensively investigated.Here,we simultaneously applied virus-based anterograde and retrograde tracing,labeled the connections of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the mouse AUDp,and acquired whole-brain information using a dual-channel fuorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography system.Quantified results showed that the two types of neurons received inputs with similar patterns but sent heterogeneous projections to downstream regions.In the isocortex,functionally different areas consistently sent feedback-dominated projections to these neurons,with concomitant laterallydominated projections from the sensory and limbic cortices to inhibitory neurons.In subcortical regions,the dorsal and medial parts of the non-lemniscal auditory thalamus(AT)were reciprocally connected to the AUDp,while the ventral part contained the most fibers of passage from the excitatory neurons and barely sent projections back,indicating the regional heterogeneity of the AUDp-AT circuit.Our results reveal details of the whole-brain network and provide new insights for further physiological and functional studies of the AUDp.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （21006127）, the National Basic Research Program of China （2012CB720500） and the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum, Beijing （KYJJ2012-05-28）.
文摘Chemical processes are usually nonlinear singular systems.In this study,a soft sensor using nonlinear singular state observer is established for unknown inputs and uncertain model parameters in chemical processes,which are augmented as state variables.Based on the observability of the singular system,this paper presents a simplified observability criterion under certain conditions for unknown inputs and uncertain model parameters.When the observability is satisfied,the unknown inputs and the uncertain model parameters are estimated online by the soft sensor using augmented nonlinear singular state observer.The riser reactor of fluid catalytic cracking unit is used as an example for analysis and simulation.With the catalyst circulation rate as the only unknown input without model error,one temperature sensor at the riser reactor outlet will ensure the correct estimation for the catalyst circulation rate.However,when uncertain model parameters also exist,additional temperature sensors must be used to ensure correct estimation for unknown inputs and uncertain model parameters of chemical processes.
文摘In this paper,we study in a constructive way the stabilization problem of fractional bilinear systems with multiple inputs.Using the quadratic Lyapunov functions and some additional hypotheses on the unit sphere,we construct stabilizing feedback laws for the considered fractional bilinear system.A numerical example is given to illustrate the efficiency of the obtained result.
文摘Presents a systematic design method of reduced order dynamical compensator via the parametric representations of eigenstructure assignment for linear system, which provides maximum degree of freedom, and can be easily used for the design of a linear system with unknown inputs under some conditions. Even when these conditions are not satisfied, the lower order dynamical compensator can also be designed under some relaxed conditions. Some examples illustrate that the method is neat, simple and effective.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32130043 and 32071025)the Interdisciplinary Research Fund of Beijing Normal University,China.
文摘Differing from other subtypes of inhibitory interneuron,chandelier or axo-axonic cells form depolarizing GABAergic synapses exclusively onto the axon initial segment(AIS)of targeted pyramidal cells(PCs).However,the debate whether these AIS-GABAergic inputs produce excitation or inhibition in neuronal processing is not resolved.Using realistic NEURON modeling and electrophysiological recording of cortical layer-5 PCs,we quantitatively demonstrate that the onset-timing of AIS-GABAergic input,relative to dendritic excitatory glutamatergic inputs,determines its bi-directional regulation of the efficacy of synaptic integration and spike generation in a PC.More specifically,AIS-GABAergic inputs promote the boosting effect of voltage-activated Na+channels on summed synaptic excitation when they precede glutamatergic inputs by>15 ms,while for nearly concurrent excitatory inputs,they primarily produce a shunting inhibition at the AIS.Thus,our findings offer an integrative mechanism by which AIS-targeting interneurons exert sophisticated regulation of the input-output function in targeted PCs.
基金This work was supported by the NSFC-Guangdong Joint Fund(U20A6005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31630031 and 31930047)+2 种基金the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2018B030340001 and 2018B030331001)the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior(2017B030301017)the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases(ZDSYS20200828154800001).
文摘The lateral habenula(LHb),which is a critical neuroanatomical hub and a regulator of midbrain monoaminergic centers,is activated by events resulting in negative valence and contributes to the expression of both appetitive and aversive behaviors.However,whole-brain cell-type-specific monosynaptic inputs to the LHb in both sexes remain incompletely elucidated.In this study,we used viral tracing combined with in situ hybridization targeting vesicular glutamate transporter 2(vGlut2)and glutamic acid decarboxylase 2(Gad2)to generate a comprehensive whole-brain atlas of inputs to glutamatergic andγ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)ergic neurons in the LHb.We found>30 ipsilateral and contralateral brain regions that projected to the LHb.Of these,there were significantly more monosynaptic LHb-projecting neurons from the lateral septum,anterior hypothalamus,dorsomedial hypothalamus,and ventromedial hypothalamus in females than in males.More interestingly,we found a stronger GABAergic projection from the medial septum to the LHb in males than in females.Our results reveal a comprehensive connectivity atlas of glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs to the LHb in both sexes,which may facilitate a better understanding of sexual dimorphism in physiological and pathological brain functions.
文摘In this paper, the adaptive forecast and control of the market economic system with fuzzy inputs is discussed. A new method which is adapted for the adaptive forecast and control of this kind of system is introduced. Through a living example the better result is explained concretly.
基金jointly funded by UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC)and BAE System(EP/H501401/1)
文摘This paper investigates the problem of state estimation for discrete-time stochastic linear systems, where additional knowledge on the unknown inputs is available at an aggregate level and the knowledge on the missing measurements can be described by a known stochastic distribution. Firstly, the available knowledge on the unknown inputs and the state equation is used to form the prior distribution of the state vector at each time step. Secondly, to obtain an analytically tractable likelihood function, the effect of missing measurements is broken down into a systematic part and a random part, and the latter is modeled as part of the observation noise. Then, a recursive filter is obtained based on Bayesian inference. Finally, a numerical example is provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Fund of China(No.61603311).
文摘In this paper, the asymptotic stability of Port-Hamiltonian (PH) systems with constant inputs is studied. Constant inputs are useful for stabilizing systems at their nonzero equilibria and can be realized by step signals. To achieve this goal, two methods based on integral action and comparison principle are presented in this paper. These methods change the convex Hamiltonian function and the restricted damping matrix of the previous results into a Hamiltonian function with a local minimum and a positive semidefinite matrix, respectively. Due to common conditions of Hamiltonian function and damping matrix, the proposed method asymptotically stabilizes more classes of PH systems with constant inputs than the existing methods. Finally, the validity and advantages of the presented methods are shown in an example.
文摘Due to highly underdetermined nature of Single Image Super-Resolution(SISR)problem,deep learning neural networks are required to be more deeper to solve the problem effectively.One of deep neural networks successful in the Super-Resolution(SR)problem is ResNet which can render the capability of deeper networks with the help of skip connections.However,zero padding(ZP)scheme in the network restricts benefits of skip connections in SRResNet and its performance as the ratio of the number of pure input data to that of zero padded data increases.In this paper.we consider the ResNet with Partial Convolution based Padding(PCP)instead of ZP to solve SR problem.Since training of deep neural networks using patch images is advantageous in many aspects such as the number of training image data and network complexities,patch image based SR performance is compared with single full image based one.The experimental results show that patch based SRResNet SR results are better than single full image based ones and the performance of deep SRResNet with PCP is better than the one with ZP.
文摘A study was carried out in the Northern region of Cameroon to assess the influence of fertilizers （chemical fertilizer NPK （15-20-15 w/w/w） or cow dung） on the growth and yield ofJatropha curcas from four origins namely Cameroon, Senegal, Tanzania and Mozambique. The experimental design was factorial with 4 origins×3 fertilizers×8 month durations. After planting, growth parameters and dendrometric measurements were carried out monthly during eight months. Data were analyzed using a Statgraphics program and Duncan test. The results showed that plant of Tanzania and Mozambique origin had higher germination rate in field 75% and 69.5%, respectively. The survival rate of transplants was 100% for Cameroon origin and 98.48% for Senegal origin. NPK and cow dung significantly （P 〈 0.05） increased the growth parameters height, diameter, number of ramifications, leaves and fruits of Jatropha curcas. In addition Jatropha from Cameroon origin exhibited the highest growing conditions and high fruit yield, then highlighting its potential for the biofuel program of the country. But significant improvement needs to be done, particularly on the level of fertilizer needed.
基金1Project supported by the National Key Basic Research Support Foundation (NKBRSF) of China (No. 2002CB410805)and the Outstanding Youth Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40325001).
文摘Selected persistent organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), including 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and its principal metabolites 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)e- thane (DDD), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and its isomers (α-,β-, γ-, and δ-HCH), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), endo- sulfan, dieldrin, and endrin were quantified to determine current levels of organochlorine pesticides, to assess the eco- toxicological potential, and to distin…
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31530035,81420108015, 31671099,31871072,81570081,81770083 and 31971110)the National Basic Research Development Program of China (2015CB856401)+2 种基金the Program for Shanghai Outstanding Academic Leaders (to ZLH)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2018SHZDZX01)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1313600)。
文摘Hypoglossal motor neurons(HMNs) innervate tongue muscles and play key roles in a variety of physiological functions,including swallowing,mastication,suckling,vocalization,and respiration.Dysfunction of HMNs is associated with several diseases,such as obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) and sudden infant death syndrome.OS A is a serious breathing disorder associated with the activity of HMNs during different sleep-wake states.Identifying the neural mechanisms by which the statedependent activities of HMNs are controlled may be helpful in providing a theoretical basis for effective therapy for OSA.However,the presynaptic partners governing the activity of HMNs remain to be elucidated.In the present study,we used a cell-type-specific retrograde tracing system based on a modified rabies virus along with a Cre/loxP gene-expression strategy to map the whole-brain monosynaptic inputs to HMNs in mice.We identified 53 nuclei targeting HMNs from six brain regions:the amygdala,hypothalamus,midbrain,pons,medulla,and cerebellum.We discovered that GAB Aergic neurons in the central amygdaloid nucleus,as well as calretinin neurons in the parasubthalamic nucleus,sent monosynaptic projections to HMNs.In addition,HMNs received direct inputs from several regions associated with respiration,such as the preBotzinger complex,parabrachial nucleus,nucleus of the solitary tract,and hypothalamus.Some regions engaged in sleep-wake regulation(the parafacial zone,parabrachial nucleus,ventral medulla,sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus,dorsal raphe nucleus,periaqueductal gray,and hypothalamus) also provided primary inputs to HMNs.These results contribute to further elucidating the neural circuits underlying disorders caused by the dysfunction of HMNs.
文摘Gyroscopes are one of the most interesting and everlasting nonlinear nonautonomous dynamical systems that exhibit very complex dynamical behavior such as chaos. In this paper, the problem of robust stabilization of the nonlinear non-autonomous gyroscopes in a given finite time is studied. It is assumed that the gyroscope system is perturbed by model uncertainties, external disturbances, and unknown parameters. Besides, the effects of input nonlinearities are taken into account. Appropriate adaptive laws are proposed to tackle the unknown parameters. Based on the adaptive laws and the finite-time control theory, discontinuous finite-time control laws are proposed to ensure the finite-time stability of the system. The finite-time stability and convergence of the closed-loop system are analytically proved. Some numerical simulations are presented to show the efficiency of the proposed finite-time control scheme and to validate the theoretical results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61721092,91749209,and 31871088)the Director Fund of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics。
文摘The caudal forelimb area(CFA)of the mouse cortex is essential in many forelimb movements,and diverse types of GABAergic interneuron in the CFA are distinct in the mediation of cortical inhibition in motor information processing.However,their long-range inputs remain unclear.In the present study,we combined the monosynaptic rabies virus system with Cre driver mouse lines to generate a whole-brain map of the inputs to three major inhibitory interneuron types in the CFA.We discovered that each type was innervated by the same upstream areas,but there were quantitative differences in the inputs from the cortex,thalamus,and pallidum.Comparing the locations of the interneurons in two subregions of the CFA,we discovered that their long-range inputs were remarkably different in distribution and proportion.This whole-brain mapping indicates the existence of parallel pathway organization in the forelimb subnetwork and provides insight into the inhibitory processes in forelimb movement to reveal the structural architecture underlying the functions of the CFA.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51804097 and 51879089)State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining,Harbin Institute of Technology(No.AWJ-19M16)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Nos.2018B05214 and B200202219)Changzhou Sci&Tech Program(No.CJ20190049)。
文摘The influence of heat input on the microstructural evolution of laser-welded Ti_(2)AlNb joints was investigated in this study.The thermal cycles during welding process were analyzed by numerical simulation.In the heat affected zone(HAZ),the amount ofα_(2)and O phases decreased with laser power increasing.During the heating period,α_(2)→B2and O→B2transformations occurred,but the decomposition of the B2phase intoα_(2)and O phases was suppressed during the cooling period.The heat transfer in the HAZ generated more equiaxed B2grains,fewer LAGBs and a weaker{001}<110>texture due to recovery,recrystallization and grain growth.The phase composition of the fusion zone remained single with only the B2phase with the increase in heat input,but the mode of grain growth transformed from cellular growth into cellular dendritic growth.A finite element model was established to simulate the thermal cycles during the welding process.Higher heat input induced higher peak temperature,leading to higher temperatures in the HAZ for longer periods of time,which was beneficial for theα_(2)→B2and O→B2transformations.The calculated cooling rates in both the HAZ and in the fusion zone were faster than the critical cooling rate for B2→α_(2)and B2→O transformations.
