Based on the 6-pole outer stator(armature winding-stator),the influence of inner(permanent magnet-stator)/outer stator pole ratio n(n=NIS/NOS),stator relative positions and rotor pole number combinations on electromag...Based on the 6-pole outer stator(armature winding-stator),the influence of inner(permanent magnet-stator)/outer stator pole ratio n(n=NIS/NOS),stator relative positions and rotor pole number combinations on electromagnetic performance of partitioned stator switched flux permanent magnet(PM)machines(PS-SFPMMs)is investigated in this paper.Since the armature windings and PMs are located in two separated stators and PMs are stationary,PS-SFPMMs have high fault tolerance capabilities.To maximize the torque performance,the PM of inner stator pole should be aligned with outer stator pole when n is odd while the iron rib of inner stator pole should be aligned with outer stator pole when n is even.No matter what n is selected,the rotor pole number NR can be any integers except the phase number and its multiples.The analysis results indicate that the optimal NR is closed to(NIS+NOS)/2 and it is odd when n is odd while it is even when n is even.Meanwhile,symmetrical phase back-EMF waveform will be obtained when the ratio of Min(NOS,NIS)to the greatest common divisor of Min(NOS,NIS)and NR is even.Based on the optimal rotor pole numbers for 6-pole outer stator with different n and corresponding optimal relative position together with same rated copper loss,the average torque is improved by 18.4%,25.1%and 25.7%respectively in PS-SFPMMs with n equal to 2,3 and 4 when compared with PS-SFPMM with n equal to 1.The analyses are validated by experiment results of the prototype machine.展开更多
A microgravity environment has been shown to cause ocular damage and affect visual acuity,but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Therefore,we established an animal model of weightlessness via tail suspension to ...A microgravity environment has been shown to cause ocular damage and affect visual acuity,but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Therefore,we established an animal model of weightlessness via tail suspension to examine the pathological changes and molecular mechanisms of retinal damage under microgravity.After 4 weeks of tail suspension,there were no notable alterations in retinal function and morphology,while after 8 weeks of tail suspension,significant reductions in retinal function were observed,and the outer nuclear layer was thinner,with abundant apoptotic cells.To investigate the mechanism underlying the degenerative changes that occurred in the outer nuclear layer of the retina,proteomics was used to analyze differentially expressed proteins in rat retinas after 8 weeks of tail suspension.The results showed that the expression levels of fibroblast growth factor 2(also known as basic fibroblast growth factor)and glial fibrillary acidic protein,which are closely related to Müller cell activation,were significantly upregulated.In addition,Müller cell regeneration and Müller cell gliosis were observed after 4 and 8 weeks,respectively,of simulated weightlessness.These findings indicate that Müller cells play an important regulatory role in retinal outer nuclear layer degeneration during weightlessness.展开更多
This study constructs a function-private inner-product predicate encryption(FP-IPPE)and achieves standard enhanced function privacy.The enhanced function privacy guarantees that a predicate secret key skf reveals noth...This study constructs a function-private inner-product predicate encryption(FP-IPPE)and achieves standard enhanced function privacy.The enhanced function privacy guarantees that a predicate secret key skf reveals nothing about the predicate f,as long as f is drawn from an evasive distribution with sufficient entropy.The proposed scheme extends the group-based public-key function-private predicate encryption(FP-PE)for“small superset predicates”proposed by Bartusek et al.(Asiacrypt 19),to the setting of inner-product predicates.This is the first construction of public-key FP-PE with enhanced function privacy security beyond the equality predicates,which is previously proposed by Boneh et al.(CRYPTO 13).The proposed construction relies on bilinear groups,and the security is proved in the generic bilinear group model.展开更多
Ownership is an increasingly important conflict in outer space at this moment in time.Despite the principle in the Outer Space Treaty(1967),that emphasizes the importance of all states'free access to outer space b...Ownership is an increasingly important conflict in outer space at this moment in time.Despite the principle in the Outer Space Treaty(1967),that emphasizes the importance of all states'free access to outer space based on equality for exploration and use.Moreover,outer space including the Moon and other celestial bodies is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty,by means of use or occupation,or by any other means.However,outer space activity is not free from sovereignty and jurisdiction after all.Anyway,the legal situation relating to space resource exploitation and utilization activities under the adoption of United Nations is a challenge.Some scholars implied that the Outer Space Treaty(1967)clearly prohibits appropriation of whole celestial bodies but is far less clear concerning the rights of over-extracted resources.Nevertheless,the Moon Agreement(1979)promotes the idea of property ownership of over-extracted resources.It permits states to collect and remove samples of lunar minerals and other substances for further interest in scientific investigation.The application of the Moon Agreement(1979)is not only to the Moon itself but to other celestial bodies,thus potentially covering the planets and asteroids where the mining potential is considered to be limitless.Under this circumstance,numerous countries,such as the United States,Luxembourg,The United Arab Emirates,and Japan have enacted legal regimes that glorify the rights of their entities in mineral resources in outer space.However,these regimes could be disputed under the international legal framework if countries have merely interpreted and applied their rights and obligations on a national level as they understand them.Therefore,this paper purports to clarify the ownership rights in outer space and analyze the purpose of the legal situation relating to space resource exploitation and utilization activities under the adoption of the United States,Luxembourg,The United Arab Emirates,and Japan.展开更多
The complexity of the seismicity pattern for the subduction zone along the oceanic plate triggered the outer rise events and revealed cyclic tectonic deformation conditions along the plate subduction zones.The outer r...The complexity of the seismicity pattern for the subduction zone along the oceanic plate triggered the outer rise events and revealed cyclic tectonic deformation conditions along the plate subduction zones.The outer rise earthquakes have been observed along the Sunda arc,following the estimated rupture area of the 2005 M_(W)8.6 Nias earthquakes.Here,we used kinematic waveform inversion(KIWI)to obtain the source parameters of the 14 May 2021 M_(W)6.6 event off the west coast of northern Sumatra and to define the fault plane that triggered this outer rise event.The KIWI algorithm allows two types of seismic source to be configured:the moment tensor model to describe the type of shear with six moment tensor components and the Eikonal model for the rupture of pure double-couple sources.This method was chosen for its flexibility to be applied for different sources of seismicity and also for the automated full-moment tensor solution with real-time monitoring.We used full waveform traces from 8 broadband seismic stations within 1000 km epicentral distances sourced from the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology(IRIS-IDA)and Geofon GFZ seismic record databases.The initial origin time and hypocenter values are obtained from the IRIS-IDA.The synthetic seismograms used in the inversion process are based on the existing regional green function database model and were accessed from the KIWI Tools Green's Function Database.The obtained scalar seismic moment value is 1.18×10^(19)N·m,equivalent to a moment magnitude M_(W)6.6.The source parameters are 140°,44°,and−99°for the strike,dip,and rake values at a centroid depth of 10.2 km,indicating that this event is a normal fault earthquake that occurred in the outer rise area.The outer rise events with normal faults typically occur at the shallow part of the plate,with nodal-plane dips predominantly in the range of 30°-60°on the weak oceanic lithosphere due to hydrothermal alteration.The stress regime around the plate subduction zone varies both temporally and spatially due to the cyclic influences of megathrust earthquakes.Tensional outer rise earthquakes tend to occur after the megathrust events.The relative timing of these events is not known due to the viscous relaxation of the down going slab and poroelastic response in the trench slope region.The occurrence of the 14 May 2021 earthquake shows the seismicity in the outer rise region in the strongly coupled Sunda arc subduction zone due to elastic bending stress within the duration of the seismic cycle.展开更多
A site showcasing the rich history and diverse grassland cultures in north China.LOCATED in north China,the area of the present-day Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region–stretching over 2,400 kilometers east to west and 1...A site showcasing the rich history and diverse grassland cultures in north China.LOCATED in north China,the area of the present-day Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region–stretching over 2,400 kilometers east to west and 1,700 kilometers north to south-has been home to various ethnic groups throughout history.展开更多
AIM:To comprehensively examine the clinical presentations,multimodal images,and long-term follow-up of Chinese patients with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy(AZOOR),a rare inflammatory disorder.METHODS:This was a ...AIM:To comprehensively examine the clinical presentations,multimodal images,and long-term follow-up of Chinese patients with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy(AZOOR),a rare inflammatory disorder.METHODS:This was a retrospective study.A total of 20 patients(32 eyes)were included.The medical records and multimodal imaging,including wide-field fundus photography,wide-field fundus autofluorescence(FAF),and swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)were analyzed.RESULTS:The study included 20 patients with a mean age of 38.2±10.9y,and females accounted for 60%.Lesions could involve peripapillary areas,macular region,and peripheral retina.The mean best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)at presentation was 0.38±0.60 logMAR,with no significant difference in visual acuity between acute cases(within 6mo of onset)and chronic cases(beyond 6mo of onset;P=0.390).There was no statistically significant difference in visual acuity between eyes of acute case(within 6mo of onset)and the chronic case(beyond 6mo of onset).In some chronic case,FAF examination revealed the presence of a hyperautofluorescent(hyperAF)ring around the macular area(6/18),a phenomenon not observed in the acute case(P=0.024).A higher proportion of chronic cases showed predominantly hypoautofluorescent(hypoAF)lesions compared to the acute case(13/18 vs 2/14,P=0.0016).SS-OCT examination showed that both acute and chronic cases exhibited hyperreflective dots above the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE),and ellipsoid zone(EZ)and RPE damage.In the chronic case,eyes with hyperreflective dots above the RPE were more likely to exhibit EZ and RPE damage in the macular region compared to those without these dots.CONCLUSION:Multimodal imaging plays a crucial role in the follow-up of patients with AZOOR.In chronic cases of AZOOR,the presence of hyperreflective dots above the RPE indicates a higher likelihood of outer retinal involvement in the macular region.This study provides critical insights into the complex presentation and progression of AZOOR.展开更多
High-Mg andesite/diorite(HMA)is useful for identifying subduction-related processes in orogenic belts,including the identification of ophiolites formed in suprasubduction zone(SSZ)environments.The E'rentaolegai hi...High-Mg andesite/diorite(HMA)is useful for identifying subduction-related processes in orogenic belts,including the identification of ophiolites formed in suprasubduction zone(SSZ)environments.The E'rentaolegai high-Mg diorite from the Diyanmiao ophiolite in central Inner Mongolia,North China,has been investigated revealing low-K tholeiitic-calc-alkaline characteristics and have SiO_(2)contents of 53.44-54.92 wt%,MgO contents of 8.44-9.54 wt%,and Mg~#of 54.35-57.60,with variable Fe_(2)O_(3)(7.51-8.61 wt%),Al_(2)O_(3)(11.95-15.09 wt%),and Na_(2)O(3.42-3.94 wt%)contents,low K_(2)O(0.34-0.97 wt%),TiO_(2)(0.35-0.67 wt%),and P2O5(0.12-0.15 wt%)contents,and high Ni(43-193 ppm)and Cr(189-556 ppm)contents.Samples collected have low total rare earth element(REE)contents(30.58-77.80 ppm),with flat or slightly right-dipping REE patterns(La_(N)/Yb_(N)=2.19-3.11)and a lack of pronounced Eu anomalies.The samples are also enriched in large-ion lithophile elements(LILEs,e.g.,K,Rb,Ba,U,and Sr)and depleted in high field strength elements(e.g.,Ta,Nb,Ti,and P).The E'rentaolegai high-Mg diorite has characteristics typical of HMA,and are similar to those of sanukites from the Setouchi Arc in SW Japan.They also display high positiveε_(Nd)(t)values(+6.32 to+7.80),comparable to the values of their host rocks.Petrogenetic analyses suggest that the E'rentaolegai HMA was probably formed by the interaction of partial melts and aqueous fluids from subducted sediments with mantle peridotite.Zircon U-Pb dating reveals that the high-Mg diorite crystallized at 313.6±2.4 Ma,i.e.,late Carboniferous.Combining our data with the temporal and spatial distribution of the Diyanmiao SSZ-type ophiolite,we propose that the eastern Paleo-Asian Ocean had not closed by the late Carboniferous,but intra-oceanic subduction was ongoing.A new model of the initiation of subduction in the eastern PAO during the late Paleozoic.展开更多
The legal framework for outer space governance,centered on the“Five Major Treaties”,is facing significant challenges.In the face of numerous variables that will shape the future order of outer space,an intrinsic dem...The legal framework for outer space governance,centered on the“Five Major Treaties”,is facing significant challenges.In the face of numerous variables that will shape the future order of outer space,an intrinsic demand for transformation has emerged within the governance of outer space.Under the leadership of the new wave of space technology revolutions and commercial innovations,outer space governance will undergo a profound transformation.New theories in space law will emerge,engage in long-term competition,and ultimately contribute to the formation of a completely new governance structure.展开更多
Objectives Retinal ischemia-reperfusion(RIR)injury results in irreversible visual impairments.The disruption of the outer blood-retinal barrier(OBRB)is a major ocular pathogenic process that RIR injury affects.Current...Objectives Retinal ischemia-reperfusion(RIR)injury results in irreversible visual impairments.The disruption of the outer blood-retinal barrier(OBRB)is a major ocular pathogenic process that RIR injury affects.Current clinical strategies are limited.This study aimed to elucidate how electroacupuncture(EA)protects the OBRB against RIR injury.Methods Male Wistar rats(7 weeks old,250 g to 280 g)were used in this study.Three independent experiments were conducted.First,Opioid peptide levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).42 rats were randomly divided into 7 groups(n=6/group):Control:No treatment;high intraocular pressure(HIOP):Acute intraocular pressure elevation-induced RIR injury;HIOP+SHAM EA:RIR injury+sham EA at Xinming(Extra acupoint)and Jingming(BL1)for 30 min(shallow needle insertion but without electric stimulation);HIOP+2 Hz EA:RIR injury+2 Hz EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min;HIOP+100 Hz:RIR injury+100 Hz EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min;HIOP+2/100 Hz EA:RIR injury+2/100 Hz EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min;HIOP+4/20 Hz EA:RIR injury+4/20 Hz EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min.Second,retinal morphology was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining.20 rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups(n=5/group):Control:No treatment;HIOP:Acute intraocular pressure elevation-induced RIR injury;HIOP+SHAM EA:RIR injury+sham EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min(shallow needle insertion but without electric stimulation);HIOP+2 Hz EA:RIR injury+2 Hz EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min.Third,the permeability of OBRB was evaluated using the fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)-dextran leakage assay.15 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=3/group):Control:No treatment;HIOP:Acute intraocular pressure elevation-induced RIR injury;HIOP+SHAM EA:RIR injury+sham EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min(shallow needle insertion but without electric stimulation);HIOP+2 Hz EA:RIR injury+2 Hz EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min;Nal+HIOP+2 Hz EA:Intravitreal injection ofδ-opioid receptor antagonist Naltridole(10µl,100 nM)30 min before RIR injury induction,followed by 2 Hz EA treatment at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min.In vitro studies examined enkephalins'effects on oxygen–glucose deprivation/reperfusion(OGD/R)induced injury in ARPE‐19 cells.Cell viability was evaluated by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay,and morphological changes were recorded by Molecular Devices.Apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC flow cytometry.Delta opioid receptor(DOR)expression in total protein and membrane protein were analyzed by western blotting(WB).Immunofluorescence(IF)staining and WB assessed ZO-1 and Claudin-19.For cell-based assays,n indicates the number of biologically independent replicates.Results It was found that 2 Hz EA treatment increased enkephalins(methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin)levels(P<0.01),restoring the increased retinal thickness(P<0.05)and mitigating RGCs loss(P<0.05)post-RIR injury.FITC-dextran leakage in the outer retina was ameliorated by 2 Hz EA(P<0.05),reversibly countered by Naltrindole(P<0.05),a DOR antagonist.Treatment with 30µM enkephalins enhanced ARPE-19 cell viability(P<0.001,P<0.0001)and inhibited apoptosis(P<0.0001).Enkephalins elevated DOR levels in total protein(P<0.05)and membrane protein fractions(P<0.001,P<0.0001),as well as elevated ZO-1(P<0.001,P<0.01)and Claudin-19(P<0.0001,P<0.001)levels following OGD/R,counteracted by Naltrindole.Conclusion It was found that 2 Hz EA inhibits the breakdown of OBRB via enkephalins activate DOR in RIR injury.展开更多
The naturally fermented Inner Mongolian cheese’s flavor and nutritional value make it a popular choice among customers.In this work,to create multi-functional peptides that have taste and biological activity,peptidom...The naturally fermented Inner Mongolian cheese’s flavor and nutritional value make it a popular choice among customers.In this work,to create multi-functional peptides that have taste and biological activity,peptidomics and bioinformatics were used to screen flavor peptides from Inner Mongolian cheese and further assess their antioxidant and angiotensin I-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory properties.According to sensory data,YH8 and IL7 had detectable bitter tastes with low thresholds of 0.03 and 0.06 mmol/L,respectively.With an umami threshold range of 0.24‒0.81 mmol/L,VQ6,FK13,HP13 and QT14 exhibited a range of flavors dominated by umami,including sweet,bitter,salty,sour and kokumi.Antioxidant activity wise,YH8,VQ6,HP13 and QT14 were well represented.The above-mentioned peptides all had some ACE inhibitory effect.The bitter peptide IL7(IC_(50)=0.08 mmol/L)had the highest level of ACE inhibitory activity,followed by YH8(IC_(50)=0.33 mmol/L).These multi-functional peptides,which have been assessed for bioactive and taste features in Inner Mongolian cheese,may have positive impacts on health and harmonize the cheese’s overall flavor.These results suggest that some flavor peptides produced in fermented foods might be with bioactivities while providing a basis for the exploration and application of multi-functional peptides.展开更多
This paper examines the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West through the lens of rational choice theory,with a particular focus on the logic of cultivation and behavioral decision-making.By incorporating the noti...This paper examines the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West through the lens of rational choice theory,with a particular focus on the logic of cultivation and behavioral decision-making.By incorporating the notion of“inner cultivation”(xin xing xiulian)into the analytical framework,we introduce the concept of the“cultivating economic agent,”aiming to explore how rationality is generated,evolved,and transcended throughout the spiritual journey.The study argues that,in the context of Eastern culture,rationality is not merely an innate or static faculty but one that can be cultivated and transformed.Through textual analysis of the behavioral trajectories of Sun Wukong,Zhu Bajie,and Tang Sanzang,we uncover a structured behavioral logic of“goal orientation–institutional discipline–purification of the mind.”The findings suggest that although cultivation behaviors are not utilitarian decisions per se,they exhibit rational characteristics such as goal stability,autonomous will,and embedded incentives.展开更多
The Inner Asian Mountain Corridor(IAMC)acted as a crossroads of trans-Eurasian exchange since approximately 6000 cal.yr BP.The history of the introduction and utilization of crops and livestock in the area has been in...The Inner Asian Mountain Corridor(IAMC)acted as a crossroads of trans-Eurasian exchange since approximately 6000 cal.yr BP.The history of the introduction and utilization of crops and livestock in the area has been intensively discussed,while geographical-temporal variations of human activities and subsistence strategies remain unclear.Here we report new zooarchaeological data and radiocarbon dates from the Naba Cemeteries,revealing herbivorous livestock were predominant animal resource during both the Bronze and Early Iron Ages,and sheep/goat and horse were paramount sacrificial animals in these two periods,respectively.In tandem with published radiocarbon dates,zooarchaeological and archaeobotanical data from IAMC's prehistoric sites,we detect humans mainly engaged in hunting-gathering games in the IAMC during 8000-5000 cal.yr BP.During 5000-4000 cal.yr BP,the territory of agro-pastoral groups evidently expanded in the IAMC with a hotspot in the Altai Region,and wheat and barley were introduced into the area.In the following two millennia,herding became an economic mainstay,and cultivations of crops were ubiquitous in the IAMC's oases.We argue that prehistoric human activities in the IAMC were mainly affected by agro-pastoral expansions associated with exchanges across the Eurasia,which was likely promoted by climate change.展开更多
The characteristics of summertime raindrop size distribution(DSD) and associated relations in the semi-arid region over the Inner Mongolian Plateau(IMP) were investigated,utilizing five-year continuous observations by...The characteristics of summertime raindrop size distribution(DSD) and associated relations in the semi-arid region over the Inner Mongolian Plateau(IMP) were investigated,utilizing five-year continuous observations by a PARSIVEL2disdrometer in East Ujimqin County(EUC),China.It is found that only 7.94% of the 15 664 one-min precipitation samples meet classification criteria as convective rain(CR),but its contribution to the total rainfall amount is 63.87%.Notably,40.72% of the rainfall comes from large-sized raindrops(D> 3 mm),despite the fact that large-sized raindrops account for only 1.73% of the CR total number concentration.Further results show that the mean value of mass-weighted mean diameters(Dm) is larger(2.43 mm) and generalized intercepts(lgN_(W)) is lower(3.19) in CR,aligning with a "continentallike" cluster,which is mainly influenced by the joint impact of in-cloud ice-based processes and the below-cloud environmental background.Also,the empirical relationships of shape-slope(μ-Λ),radar reflectivity-rain rate(Z-R),and rainfall kinetic energy(KE_(time)-Rand KE_(time)-Z) are localized.To quantitatively analyze the impact of DSD parameters on kinetic energy estimation,power-law KE_(time)-R and KE_(time)-Z relationships are derived based on the normalized gamma distribution.N_(W)takes precedence over μ in affecting variabilities of multiplicative coefficients,especially for KE_(time)-R relationship where the multiplicative coefficient is proportional to N_(W)^(-0.287).It should be noted that although the proportion of CR occurring throughout the summer is small,raindrops with lower N_(W) and larger Dmwill generate higher KE_(time),which will bring a higher potential risk of soil erosion in semi-arid regions over IMP.展开更多
The noise generated by subsonic jet nozzles, commonly encountered in civilian aircraft, is rather significant and propagates in both the upstream and downstream directions due to large-scale and fine-scale turbulence ...The noise generated by subsonic jet nozzles, commonly encountered in civilian aircraft, is rather significant and propagates in both the upstream and downstream directions due to large-scale and fine-scale turbulence structures. In this paper, a distinctive inner wall treatment strategy, denoted as the Azimuthally-distributed Wavy Inner Wall (AWIW), is proposed, which is aimed at mitigating jet noise. Within this strategy, a circumferentially dispersed treatment wall characterized by a minute wavy pattern is substituted for the smooth inner wall in proximity to the nozzle outlet. To assess the effectiveness of the AWIW treatment, we conducted numerical simulations. The unsteady flow field and far-field noise were predicted by employing Large Eddy Simulations (LES) coupled with the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings (FW-H) integration method. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism underlying the noise reduction facilitated by the AWIW treatment, it examined physical parameters such as the Lighthill source acoustic source term, the turbulent kinetic energy acoustic source term, and the shear layer instability. The results reveal that the AWIW treatment expedites the instability within the shear layer of the jet, leading to an early disruption of the jet shear layer, and consequently turbulent structures in varying sizes are generated downstream. This process effectively regulates the generation and emission of jet noise. By controlling the minor scale turbulence through the AWIW treatment, the mid- and high-frequency noise within the distant field can be significantly reduced. In the context of the flow field, the introduction of AWIW also leads to a decrease in drag on the inner wall surface of the jet, thereby improving the overall aerodynamic performance of the nozzle. Considering these attributes, the AWIW strategy emerges as a viable technique for the reduction of jet noise.展开更多
This study,based on the theory of shifting essence and changing Qi in Inner Canon of Huangdi,deeply explores the theoretical basis,operation method of Conception Vessel Dredging Therapy and its influence on human heal...This study,based on the theory of shifting essence and changing Qi in Inner Canon of Huangdi,deeply explores the theoretical basis,operation method of Conception Vessel Dredging Therapy and its influence on human health.Through case analysis and the statistical analysis of medical records during the pandemic,it reveals the remarkable effects of this method in regulating the endocrine system,improving metabolism,and relieving physical and mental diseases.It provides a theoretical and practical basis for the application of traditional Chinese medicine anti-aging therapy in the modern health field,and helps to explore new ways to delay aging and improve physical and mental health.展开更多
Dear Editor,Diabetic macular edema(DME)is a major cause of visual loss in diabetic patients,which is mainly caused by disruption of the blood-retinal barrier and loss of pericytes and endothelial cells,resulting in th...Dear Editor,Diabetic macular edema(DME)is a major cause of visual loss in diabetic patients,which is mainly caused by disruption of the blood-retinal barrier and loss of pericytes and endothelial cells,resulting in the leakage of plasma and lipids[1].Nowadays,laser photocoagulation,intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(anti-VEGF)drugs and dexamethasone implant.展开更多
Sensitivity encoding(SENSE)is a parallel magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)reconstruction model by utilizing the sensitivity information of receiver coils to achieve image reconstruction.The existing SENSE-based reconstr...Sensitivity encoding(SENSE)is a parallel magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)reconstruction model by utilizing the sensitivity information of receiver coils to achieve image reconstruction.The existing SENSE-based reconstruction algorithms usually used nonadaptive sparsifying transforms,resulting in a limited reconstruction accuracy.Therefore,we proposed a new model for accurate parallel MRI reconstruction by combining the L0 norm regularization term based on the efficient sum of outer products dictionary learning(SOUPDIL)with the SENSE model,called SOUPDIL-SENSE.The SOUPDIL-SENSE model is mainly solved by utilizing the variable splitting and alternating direction method of multipliers techniques.The experimental results on four human datasets show that the proposed algorithm effectively promotes the image sparsity,eliminates the noise and artifacts of the reconstructed images,and improves the reconstruction accuracy.展开更多
The gender-based patriarchy of the Huaxia people,consisting of family and state order,inner/outer distinction and gender-based hierarchy,took shape in the period of radical transformation when the Zhou dynasty replace...The gender-based patriarchy of the Huaxia people,consisting of family and state order,inner/outer distinction and gender-based hierarchy,took shape in the period of radical transformation when the Zhou dynasty replaced the Shang dynasty and reached maturity in the Han dynasty,which had been established in the wake of the radical transformation conducted by the Zhou and Qin dynasties.On the basis of the principles of male/female distinction and the integration of family and state,Western Zhou aristocrats abolished the state structure the inner and outer governance systems(nei/waifuzhi内外服制),carried on in part the main patrilineage and surname exogamy of the Shang dynasty,and established the Huaxia patriarchal system.During the Qin and Han dynasties,the patriarchal system evolved into family and state isomorphism characterized by power-sharing between the royal house and its officials and by a two-pronged kinship system in which the male line was inner and the female line was outer.The system thus evolved into the Huaxia gender-based patriarchy,which covered spatial spheres,division of responsibilities,the kinship system,values and ethics,and codes of daily interaction and conduct.The distinction between the inner and the outer was not only a core value of the gender-based patriarchy but also its operational strategy.It also engendered such inter-related sub-systems as human functions,ethics and gender and such philosophical systems as the unity of heaven and man and the cosmic binaries of yin-yang(阴阳)and qian-kun(乾坤).The constancy(经jing)/Expedience(权quan)and Continuity(因yin)/Change(变bian)of the gender-based patriarchy,the jing/quan at the heart of the basic system and governance strategy within its constraints jointly ensured the stability and dynamism of the gender-based patriarchy of the Huaxia people.展开更多
文摘Based on the 6-pole outer stator(armature winding-stator),the influence of inner(permanent magnet-stator)/outer stator pole ratio n(n=NIS/NOS),stator relative positions and rotor pole number combinations on electromagnetic performance of partitioned stator switched flux permanent magnet(PM)machines(PS-SFPMMs)is investigated in this paper.Since the armature windings and PMs are located in two separated stators and PMs are stationary,PS-SFPMMs have high fault tolerance capabilities.To maximize the torque performance,the PM of inner stator pole should be aligned with outer stator pole when n is odd while the iron rib of inner stator pole should be aligned with outer stator pole when n is even.No matter what n is selected,the rotor pole number NR can be any integers except the phase number and its multiples.The analysis results indicate that the optimal NR is closed to(NIS+NOS)/2 and it is odd when n is odd while it is even when n is even.Meanwhile,symmetrical phase back-EMF waveform will be obtained when the ratio of Min(NOS,NIS)to the greatest common divisor of Min(NOS,NIS)and NR is even.Based on the optimal rotor pole numbers for 6-pole outer stator with different n and corresponding optimal relative position together with same rated copper loss,the average torque is improved by 18.4%,25.1%and 25.7%respectively in PS-SFPMMs with n equal to 2,3 and 4 when compared with PS-SFPMM with n equal to 1.The analyses are validated by experiment results of the prototype machine.
基金supported by the Army Laboratory Animal Foundation of China,No.SYDW[2020]22(to TC)the Shaanxi Provincial Key R&D Plan General Project of China,No.2022SF-236(to YM)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82202070(to TC)。
文摘A microgravity environment has been shown to cause ocular damage and affect visual acuity,but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Therefore,we established an animal model of weightlessness via tail suspension to examine the pathological changes and molecular mechanisms of retinal damage under microgravity.After 4 weeks of tail suspension,there were no notable alterations in retinal function and morphology,while after 8 weeks of tail suspension,significant reductions in retinal function were observed,and the outer nuclear layer was thinner,with abundant apoptotic cells.To investigate the mechanism underlying the degenerative changes that occurred in the outer nuclear layer of the retina,proteomics was used to analyze differentially expressed proteins in rat retinas after 8 weeks of tail suspension.The results showed that the expression levels of fibroblast growth factor 2(also known as basic fibroblast growth factor)and glial fibrillary acidic protein,which are closely related to Müller cell activation,were significantly upregulated.In addition,Müller cell regeneration and Müller cell gliosis were observed after 4 and 8 weeks,respectively,of simulated weightlessness.These findings indicate that Müller cells play an important regulatory role in retinal outer nuclear layer degeneration during weightlessness.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB3101402)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62202294)。
文摘This study constructs a function-private inner-product predicate encryption(FP-IPPE)and achieves standard enhanced function privacy.The enhanced function privacy guarantees that a predicate secret key skf reveals nothing about the predicate f,as long as f is drawn from an evasive distribution with sufficient entropy.The proposed scheme extends the group-based public-key function-private predicate encryption(FP-PE)for“small superset predicates”proposed by Bartusek et al.(Asiacrypt 19),to the setting of inner-product predicates.This is the first construction of public-key FP-PE with enhanced function privacy security beyond the equality predicates,which is previously proposed by Boneh et al.(CRYPTO 13).The proposed construction relies on bilinear groups,and the security is proved in the generic bilinear group model.
文摘Ownership is an increasingly important conflict in outer space at this moment in time.Despite the principle in the Outer Space Treaty(1967),that emphasizes the importance of all states'free access to outer space based on equality for exploration and use.Moreover,outer space including the Moon and other celestial bodies is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty,by means of use or occupation,or by any other means.However,outer space activity is not free from sovereignty and jurisdiction after all.Anyway,the legal situation relating to space resource exploitation and utilization activities under the adoption of United Nations is a challenge.Some scholars implied that the Outer Space Treaty(1967)clearly prohibits appropriation of whole celestial bodies but is far less clear concerning the rights of over-extracted resources.Nevertheless,the Moon Agreement(1979)promotes the idea of property ownership of over-extracted resources.It permits states to collect and remove samples of lunar minerals and other substances for further interest in scientific investigation.The application of the Moon Agreement(1979)is not only to the Moon itself but to other celestial bodies,thus potentially covering the planets and asteroids where the mining potential is considered to be limitless.Under this circumstance,numerous countries,such as the United States,Luxembourg,The United Arab Emirates,and Japan have enacted legal regimes that glorify the rights of their entities in mineral resources in outer space.However,these regimes could be disputed under the international legal framework if countries have merely interpreted and applied their rights and obligations on a national level as they understand them.Therefore,this paper purports to clarify the ownership rights in outer space and analyze the purpose of the legal situation relating to space resource exploitation and utilization activities under the adoption of the United States,Luxembourg,The United Arab Emirates,and Japan.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42130312)。
文摘The complexity of the seismicity pattern for the subduction zone along the oceanic plate triggered the outer rise events and revealed cyclic tectonic deformation conditions along the plate subduction zones.The outer rise earthquakes have been observed along the Sunda arc,following the estimated rupture area of the 2005 M_(W)8.6 Nias earthquakes.Here,we used kinematic waveform inversion(KIWI)to obtain the source parameters of the 14 May 2021 M_(W)6.6 event off the west coast of northern Sumatra and to define the fault plane that triggered this outer rise event.The KIWI algorithm allows two types of seismic source to be configured:the moment tensor model to describe the type of shear with six moment tensor components and the Eikonal model for the rupture of pure double-couple sources.This method was chosen for its flexibility to be applied for different sources of seismicity and also for the automated full-moment tensor solution with real-time monitoring.We used full waveform traces from 8 broadband seismic stations within 1000 km epicentral distances sourced from the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology(IRIS-IDA)and Geofon GFZ seismic record databases.The initial origin time and hypocenter values are obtained from the IRIS-IDA.The synthetic seismograms used in the inversion process are based on the existing regional green function database model and were accessed from the KIWI Tools Green's Function Database.The obtained scalar seismic moment value is 1.18×10^(19)N·m,equivalent to a moment magnitude M_(W)6.6.The source parameters are 140°,44°,and−99°for the strike,dip,and rake values at a centroid depth of 10.2 km,indicating that this event is a normal fault earthquake that occurred in the outer rise area.The outer rise events with normal faults typically occur at the shallow part of the plate,with nodal-plane dips predominantly in the range of 30°-60°on the weak oceanic lithosphere due to hydrothermal alteration.The stress regime around the plate subduction zone varies both temporally and spatially due to the cyclic influences of megathrust earthquakes.Tensional outer rise earthquakes tend to occur after the megathrust events.The relative timing of these events is not known due to the viscous relaxation of the down going slab and poroelastic response in the trench slope region.The occurrence of the 14 May 2021 earthquake shows the seismicity in the outer rise region in the strongly coupled Sunda arc subduction zone due to elastic bending stress within the duration of the seismic cycle.
文摘A site showcasing the rich history and diverse grassland cultures in north China.LOCATED in north China,the area of the present-day Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region–stretching over 2,400 kilometers east to west and 1,700 kilometers north to south-has been home to various ethnic groups throughout history.
文摘AIM:To comprehensively examine the clinical presentations,multimodal images,and long-term follow-up of Chinese patients with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy(AZOOR),a rare inflammatory disorder.METHODS:This was a retrospective study.A total of 20 patients(32 eyes)were included.The medical records and multimodal imaging,including wide-field fundus photography,wide-field fundus autofluorescence(FAF),and swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)were analyzed.RESULTS:The study included 20 patients with a mean age of 38.2±10.9y,and females accounted for 60%.Lesions could involve peripapillary areas,macular region,and peripheral retina.The mean best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)at presentation was 0.38±0.60 logMAR,with no significant difference in visual acuity between acute cases(within 6mo of onset)and chronic cases(beyond 6mo of onset;P=0.390).There was no statistically significant difference in visual acuity between eyes of acute case(within 6mo of onset)and the chronic case(beyond 6mo of onset).In some chronic case,FAF examination revealed the presence of a hyperautofluorescent(hyperAF)ring around the macular area(6/18),a phenomenon not observed in the acute case(P=0.024).A higher proportion of chronic cases showed predominantly hypoautofluorescent(hypoAF)lesions compared to the acute case(13/18 vs 2/14,P=0.0016).SS-OCT examination showed that both acute and chronic cases exhibited hyperreflective dots above the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE),and ellipsoid zone(EZ)and RPE damage.In the chronic case,eyes with hyperreflective dots above the RPE were more likely to exhibit EZ and RPE damage in the macular region compared to those without these dots.CONCLUSION:Multimodal imaging plays a crucial role in the follow-up of patients with AZOOR.In chronic cases of AZOOR,the presence of hyperreflective dots above the RPE indicates a higher likelihood of outer retinal involvement in the macular region.This study provides critical insights into the complex presentation and progression of AZOOR.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(Grant No.2022FY101704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41972061)+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Team of Hebei GEO University(30801071)the China Geological Survey(Grant Nos.1212011120701 and 1212011120711)。
文摘High-Mg andesite/diorite(HMA)is useful for identifying subduction-related processes in orogenic belts,including the identification of ophiolites formed in suprasubduction zone(SSZ)environments.The E'rentaolegai high-Mg diorite from the Diyanmiao ophiolite in central Inner Mongolia,North China,has been investigated revealing low-K tholeiitic-calc-alkaline characteristics and have SiO_(2)contents of 53.44-54.92 wt%,MgO contents of 8.44-9.54 wt%,and Mg~#of 54.35-57.60,with variable Fe_(2)O_(3)(7.51-8.61 wt%),Al_(2)O_(3)(11.95-15.09 wt%),and Na_(2)O(3.42-3.94 wt%)contents,low K_(2)O(0.34-0.97 wt%),TiO_(2)(0.35-0.67 wt%),and P2O5(0.12-0.15 wt%)contents,and high Ni(43-193 ppm)and Cr(189-556 ppm)contents.Samples collected have low total rare earth element(REE)contents(30.58-77.80 ppm),with flat or slightly right-dipping REE patterns(La_(N)/Yb_(N)=2.19-3.11)and a lack of pronounced Eu anomalies.The samples are also enriched in large-ion lithophile elements(LILEs,e.g.,K,Rb,Ba,U,and Sr)and depleted in high field strength elements(e.g.,Ta,Nb,Ti,and P).The E'rentaolegai high-Mg diorite has characteristics typical of HMA,and are similar to those of sanukites from the Setouchi Arc in SW Japan.They also display high positiveε_(Nd)(t)values(+6.32 to+7.80),comparable to the values of their host rocks.Petrogenetic analyses suggest that the E'rentaolegai HMA was probably formed by the interaction of partial melts and aqueous fluids from subducted sediments with mantle peridotite.Zircon U-Pb dating reveals that the high-Mg diorite crystallized at 313.6±2.4 Ma,i.e.,late Carboniferous.Combining our data with the temporal and spatial distribution of the Diyanmiao SSZ-type ophiolite,we propose that the eastern Paleo-Asian Ocean had not closed by the late Carboniferous,but intra-oceanic subduction was ongoing.A new model of the initiation of subduction in the eastern PAO during the late Paleozoic.
文摘The legal framework for outer space governance,centered on the“Five Major Treaties”,is facing significant challenges.In the face of numerous variables that will shape the future order of outer space,an intrinsic demand for transformation has emerged within the governance of outer space.Under the leadership of the new wave of space technology revolutions and commercial innovations,outer space governance will undergo a profound transformation.New theories in space law will emerge,engage in long-term competition,and ultimately contribute to the formation of a completely new governance structure.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China:81574078。
文摘Objectives Retinal ischemia-reperfusion(RIR)injury results in irreversible visual impairments.The disruption of the outer blood-retinal barrier(OBRB)is a major ocular pathogenic process that RIR injury affects.Current clinical strategies are limited.This study aimed to elucidate how electroacupuncture(EA)protects the OBRB against RIR injury.Methods Male Wistar rats(7 weeks old,250 g to 280 g)were used in this study.Three independent experiments were conducted.First,Opioid peptide levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).42 rats were randomly divided into 7 groups(n=6/group):Control:No treatment;high intraocular pressure(HIOP):Acute intraocular pressure elevation-induced RIR injury;HIOP+SHAM EA:RIR injury+sham EA at Xinming(Extra acupoint)and Jingming(BL1)for 30 min(shallow needle insertion but without electric stimulation);HIOP+2 Hz EA:RIR injury+2 Hz EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min;HIOP+100 Hz:RIR injury+100 Hz EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min;HIOP+2/100 Hz EA:RIR injury+2/100 Hz EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min;HIOP+4/20 Hz EA:RIR injury+4/20 Hz EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min.Second,retinal morphology was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining.20 rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups(n=5/group):Control:No treatment;HIOP:Acute intraocular pressure elevation-induced RIR injury;HIOP+SHAM EA:RIR injury+sham EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min(shallow needle insertion but without electric stimulation);HIOP+2 Hz EA:RIR injury+2 Hz EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min.Third,the permeability of OBRB was evaluated using the fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)-dextran leakage assay.15 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=3/group):Control:No treatment;HIOP:Acute intraocular pressure elevation-induced RIR injury;HIOP+SHAM EA:RIR injury+sham EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min(shallow needle insertion but without electric stimulation);HIOP+2 Hz EA:RIR injury+2 Hz EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min;Nal+HIOP+2 Hz EA:Intravitreal injection ofδ-opioid receptor antagonist Naltridole(10µl,100 nM)30 min before RIR injury induction,followed by 2 Hz EA treatment at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min.In vitro studies examined enkephalins'effects on oxygen–glucose deprivation/reperfusion(OGD/R)induced injury in ARPE‐19 cells.Cell viability was evaluated by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay,and morphological changes were recorded by Molecular Devices.Apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC flow cytometry.Delta opioid receptor(DOR)expression in total protein and membrane protein were analyzed by western blotting(WB).Immunofluorescence(IF)staining and WB assessed ZO-1 and Claudin-19.For cell-based assays,n indicates the number of biologically independent replicates.Results It was found that 2 Hz EA treatment increased enkephalins(methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin)levels(P<0.01),restoring the increased retinal thickness(P<0.05)and mitigating RGCs loss(P<0.05)post-RIR injury.FITC-dextran leakage in the outer retina was ameliorated by 2 Hz EA(P<0.05),reversibly countered by Naltrindole(P<0.05),a DOR antagonist.Treatment with 30µM enkephalins enhanced ARPE-19 cell viability(P<0.001,P<0.0001)and inhibited apoptosis(P<0.0001).Enkephalins elevated DOR levels in total protein(P<0.05)and membrane protein fractions(P<0.001,P<0.0001),as well as elevated ZO-1(P<0.001,P<0.01)and Claudin-19(P<0.0001,P<0.001)levels following OGD/R,counteracted by Naltrindole.Conclusion It was found that 2 Hz EA inhibits the breakdown of OBRB via enkephalins activate DOR in RIR injury.
基金supported by the central government and guides local funds for science and technology development(2022ZY0109).
文摘The naturally fermented Inner Mongolian cheese’s flavor and nutritional value make it a popular choice among customers.In this work,to create multi-functional peptides that have taste and biological activity,peptidomics and bioinformatics were used to screen flavor peptides from Inner Mongolian cheese and further assess their antioxidant and angiotensin I-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory properties.According to sensory data,YH8 and IL7 had detectable bitter tastes with low thresholds of 0.03 and 0.06 mmol/L,respectively.With an umami threshold range of 0.24‒0.81 mmol/L,VQ6,FK13,HP13 and QT14 exhibited a range of flavors dominated by umami,including sweet,bitter,salty,sour and kokumi.Antioxidant activity wise,YH8,VQ6,HP13 and QT14 were well represented.The above-mentioned peptides all had some ACE inhibitory effect.The bitter peptide IL7(IC_(50)=0.08 mmol/L)had the highest level of ACE inhibitory activity,followed by YH8(IC_(50)=0.33 mmol/L).These multi-functional peptides,which have been assessed for bioactive and taste features in Inner Mongolian cheese,may have positive impacts on health and harmonize the cheese’s overall flavor.These results suggest that some flavor peptides produced in fermented foods might be with bioactivities while providing a basis for the exploration and application of multi-functional peptides.
文摘This paper examines the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West through the lens of rational choice theory,with a particular focus on the logic of cultivation and behavioral decision-making.By incorporating the notion of“inner cultivation”(xin xing xiulian)into the analytical framework,we introduce the concept of the“cultivating economic agent,”aiming to explore how rationality is generated,evolved,and transcended throughout the spiritual journey.The study argues that,in the context of Eastern culture,rationality is not merely an innate or static faculty but one that can be cultivated and transformed.Through textual analysis of the behavioral trajectories of Sun Wukong,Zhu Bajie,and Tang Sanzang,we uncover a structured behavioral logic of“goal orientation–institutional discipline–purification of the mind.”The findings suggest that although cultivation behaviors are not utilitarian decisions per se,they exhibit rational characteristics such as goal stability,autonomous will,and embedded incentives.
基金The NSFC-INSF Joint Research Project,No.42261144670The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program,No.2019QZKK0601。
文摘The Inner Asian Mountain Corridor(IAMC)acted as a crossroads of trans-Eurasian exchange since approximately 6000 cal.yr BP.The history of the introduction and utilization of crops and livestock in the area has been intensively discussed,while geographical-temporal variations of human activities and subsistence strategies remain unclear.Here we report new zooarchaeological data and radiocarbon dates from the Naba Cemeteries,revealing herbivorous livestock were predominant animal resource during both the Bronze and Early Iron Ages,and sheep/goat and horse were paramount sacrificial animals in these two periods,respectively.In tandem with published radiocarbon dates,zooarchaeological and archaeobotanical data from IAMC's prehistoric sites,we detect humans mainly engaged in hunting-gathering games in the IAMC during 8000-5000 cal.yr BP.During 5000-4000 cal.yr BP,the territory of agro-pastoral groups evidently expanded in the IAMC with a hotspot in the Altai Region,and wheat and barley were introduced into the area.In the following two millennia,herding became an economic mainstay,and cultivations of crops were ubiquitous in the IAMC's oases.We argue that prehistoric human activities in the IAMC were mainly affected by agro-pastoral expansions associated with exchanges across the Eurasia,which was likely promoted by climate change.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42325503,42075063,42075066,and 42021004)the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation and the Meteorological Innovation and Development Project of China(Grant No.2023AFD096)the Beijige Foundation of NJIAS(Grant No.BJG202304).
文摘The characteristics of summertime raindrop size distribution(DSD) and associated relations in the semi-arid region over the Inner Mongolian Plateau(IMP) were investigated,utilizing five-year continuous observations by a PARSIVEL2disdrometer in East Ujimqin County(EUC),China.It is found that only 7.94% of the 15 664 one-min precipitation samples meet classification criteria as convective rain(CR),but its contribution to the total rainfall amount is 63.87%.Notably,40.72% of the rainfall comes from large-sized raindrops(D> 3 mm),despite the fact that large-sized raindrops account for only 1.73% of the CR total number concentration.Further results show that the mean value of mass-weighted mean diameters(Dm) is larger(2.43 mm) and generalized intercepts(lgN_(W)) is lower(3.19) in CR,aligning with a "continentallike" cluster,which is mainly influenced by the joint impact of in-cloud ice-based processes and the below-cloud environmental background.Also,the empirical relationships of shape-slope(μ-Λ),radar reflectivity-rain rate(Z-R),and rainfall kinetic energy(KE_(time)-Rand KE_(time)-Z) are localized.To quantitatively analyze the impact of DSD parameters on kinetic energy estimation,power-law KE_(time)-R and KE_(time)-Z relationships are derived based on the normalized gamma distribution.N_(W)takes precedence over μ in affecting variabilities of multiplicative coefficients,especially for KE_(time)-R relationship where the multiplicative coefficient is proportional to N_(W)^(-0.287).It should be noted that although the proportion of CR occurring throughout the summer is small,raindrops with lower N_(W) and larger Dmwill generate higher KE_(time),which will bring a higher potential risk of soil erosion in semi-arid regions over IMP.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12372256,12072186).
文摘The noise generated by subsonic jet nozzles, commonly encountered in civilian aircraft, is rather significant and propagates in both the upstream and downstream directions due to large-scale and fine-scale turbulence structures. In this paper, a distinctive inner wall treatment strategy, denoted as the Azimuthally-distributed Wavy Inner Wall (AWIW), is proposed, which is aimed at mitigating jet noise. Within this strategy, a circumferentially dispersed treatment wall characterized by a minute wavy pattern is substituted for the smooth inner wall in proximity to the nozzle outlet. To assess the effectiveness of the AWIW treatment, we conducted numerical simulations. The unsteady flow field and far-field noise were predicted by employing Large Eddy Simulations (LES) coupled with the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings (FW-H) integration method. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism underlying the noise reduction facilitated by the AWIW treatment, it examined physical parameters such as the Lighthill source acoustic source term, the turbulent kinetic energy acoustic source term, and the shear layer instability. The results reveal that the AWIW treatment expedites the instability within the shear layer of the jet, leading to an early disruption of the jet shear layer, and consequently turbulent structures in varying sizes are generated downstream. This process effectively regulates the generation and emission of jet noise. By controlling the minor scale turbulence through the AWIW treatment, the mid- and high-frequency noise within the distant field can be significantly reduced. In the context of the flow field, the introduction of AWIW also leads to a decrease in drag on the inner wall surface of the jet, thereby improving the overall aerodynamic performance of the nozzle. Considering these attributes, the AWIW strategy emerges as a viable technique for the reduction of jet noise.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of China,Taoist Qi Healing the World Project(Project No.:71971359).
文摘This study,based on the theory of shifting essence and changing Qi in Inner Canon of Huangdi,deeply explores the theoretical basis,operation method of Conception Vessel Dredging Therapy and its influence on human health.Through case analysis and the statistical analysis of medical records during the pandemic,it reveals the remarkable effects of this method in regulating the endocrine system,improving metabolism,and relieving physical and mental diseases.It provides a theoretical and practical basis for the application of traditional Chinese medicine anti-aging therapy in the modern health field,and helps to explore new ways to delay aging and improve physical and mental health.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82171062No.82301222)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY20H120002).
文摘Dear Editor,Diabetic macular edema(DME)is a major cause of visual loss in diabetic patients,which is mainly caused by disruption of the blood-retinal barrier and loss of pericytes and endothelial cells,resulting in the leakage of plasma and lipids[1].Nowadays,laser photocoagulation,intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(anti-VEGF)drugs and dexamethasone implant.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61861023)the Yunnan Fundamental Research Project(No.202301AT070452)。
文摘Sensitivity encoding(SENSE)is a parallel magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)reconstruction model by utilizing the sensitivity information of receiver coils to achieve image reconstruction.The existing SENSE-based reconstruction algorithms usually used nonadaptive sparsifying transforms,resulting in a limited reconstruction accuracy.Therefore,we proposed a new model for accurate parallel MRI reconstruction by combining the L0 norm regularization term based on the efficient sum of outer products dictionary learning(SOUPDIL)with the SENSE model,called SOUPDIL-SENSE.The SOUPDIL-SENSE model is mainly solved by utilizing the variable splitting and alternating direction method of multipliers techniques.The experimental results on four human datasets show that the proposed algorithm effectively promotes the image sparsity,eliminates the noise and artifacts of the reconstructed images,and improves the reconstruction accuracy.
文摘The gender-based patriarchy of the Huaxia people,consisting of family and state order,inner/outer distinction and gender-based hierarchy,took shape in the period of radical transformation when the Zhou dynasty replaced the Shang dynasty and reached maturity in the Han dynasty,which had been established in the wake of the radical transformation conducted by the Zhou and Qin dynasties.On the basis of the principles of male/female distinction and the integration of family and state,Western Zhou aristocrats abolished the state structure the inner and outer governance systems(nei/waifuzhi内外服制),carried on in part the main patrilineage and surname exogamy of the Shang dynasty,and established the Huaxia patriarchal system.During the Qin and Han dynasties,the patriarchal system evolved into family and state isomorphism characterized by power-sharing between the royal house and its officials and by a two-pronged kinship system in which the male line was inner and the female line was outer.The system thus evolved into the Huaxia gender-based patriarchy,which covered spatial spheres,division of responsibilities,the kinship system,values and ethics,and codes of daily interaction and conduct.The distinction between the inner and the outer was not only a core value of the gender-based patriarchy but also its operational strategy.It also engendered such inter-related sub-systems as human functions,ethics and gender and such philosophical systems as the unity of heaven and man and the cosmic binaries of yin-yang(阴阳)and qian-kun(乾坤).The constancy(经jing)/Expedience(权quan)and Continuity(因yin)/Change(变bian)of the gender-based patriarchy,the jing/quan at the heart of the basic system and governance strategy within its constraints jointly ensured the stability and dynamism of the gender-based patriarchy of the Huaxia people.
