Based on the 6-pole outer stator(armature winding-stator),the influence of inner(permanent magnet-stator)/outer stator pole ratio n(n=NIS/NOS),stator relative positions and rotor pole number combinations on electromag...Based on the 6-pole outer stator(armature winding-stator),the influence of inner(permanent magnet-stator)/outer stator pole ratio n(n=NIS/NOS),stator relative positions and rotor pole number combinations on electromagnetic performance of partitioned stator switched flux permanent magnet(PM)machines(PS-SFPMMs)is investigated in this paper.Since the armature windings and PMs are located in two separated stators and PMs are stationary,PS-SFPMMs have high fault tolerance capabilities.To maximize the torque performance,the PM of inner stator pole should be aligned with outer stator pole when n is odd while the iron rib of inner stator pole should be aligned with outer stator pole when n is even.No matter what n is selected,the rotor pole number NR can be any integers except the phase number and its multiples.The analysis results indicate that the optimal NR is closed to(NIS+NOS)/2 and it is odd when n is odd while it is even when n is even.Meanwhile,symmetrical phase back-EMF waveform will be obtained when the ratio of Min(NOS,NIS)to the greatest common divisor of Min(NOS,NIS)and NR is even.Based on the optimal rotor pole numbers for 6-pole outer stator with different n and corresponding optimal relative position together with same rated copper loss,the average torque is improved by 18.4%,25.1%and 25.7%respectively in PS-SFPMMs with n equal to 2,3 and 4 when compared with PS-SFPMM with n equal to 1.The analyses are validated by experiment results of the prototype machine.展开更多
Dear Editor,We present a case of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy(AZOOR)complex in a myopic patient with angioid streaks(ASs).A 19-year-old female has been experiencing visual field defects in her left eye for mor...Dear Editor,We present a case of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy(AZOOR)complex in a myopic patient with angioid streaks(ASs).A 19-year-old female has been experiencing visual field defects in her left eye for more than 3y.She was diagnosed with ASs and choroiditis at a local hospital.She has a seven-year history of bilateral high myopia.A fundus examination confirmed the presence of ASs and myopic fundus changes in both eyes.Multimodal imaging revealed an AZOOR complex in the left eye.展开更多
The complexity of the seismicity pattern for the subduction zone along the oceanic plate triggered the outer rise events and revealed cyclic tectonic deformation conditions along the plate subduction zones.The outer r...The complexity of the seismicity pattern for the subduction zone along the oceanic plate triggered the outer rise events and revealed cyclic tectonic deformation conditions along the plate subduction zones.The outer rise earthquakes have been observed along the Sunda arc,following the estimated rupture area of the 2005 M_(W)8.6 Nias earthquakes.Here,we used kinematic waveform inversion(KIWI)to obtain the source parameters of the 14 May 2021 M_(W)6.6 event off the west coast of northern Sumatra and to define the fault plane that triggered this outer rise event.The KIWI algorithm allows two types of seismic source to be configured:the moment tensor model to describe the type of shear with six moment tensor components and the Eikonal model for the rupture of pure double-couple sources.This method was chosen for its flexibility to be applied for different sources of seismicity and also for the automated full-moment tensor solution with real-time monitoring.We used full waveform traces from 8 broadband seismic stations within 1000 km epicentral distances sourced from the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology(IRIS-IDA)and Geofon GFZ seismic record databases.The initial origin time and hypocenter values are obtained from the IRIS-IDA.The synthetic seismograms used in the inversion process are based on the existing regional green function database model and were accessed from the KIWI Tools Green's Function Database.The obtained scalar seismic moment value is 1.18×10^(19)N·m,equivalent to a moment magnitude M_(W)6.6.The source parameters are 140°,44°,and−99°for the strike,dip,and rake values at a centroid depth of 10.2 km,indicating that this event is a normal fault earthquake that occurred in the outer rise area.The outer rise events with normal faults typically occur at the shallow part of the plate,with nodal-plane dips predominantly in the range of 30°-60°on the weak oceanic lithosphere due to hydrothermal alteration.The stress regime around the plate subduction zone varies both temporally and spatially due to the cyclic influences of megathrust earthquakes.Tensional outer rise earthquakes tend to occur after the megathrust events.The relative timing of these events is not known due to the viscous relaxation of the down going slab and poroelastic response in the trench slope region.The occurrence of the 14 May 2021 earthquake shows the seismicity in the outer rise region in the strongly coupled Sunda arc subduction zone due to elastic bending stress within the duration of the seismic cycle.展开更多
Flash droughts(FDs)develop quickly and can rapidly deplete soil moisture,posing significant threats to agriculture and pastoral systems.To investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics and development mechanisms of F...Flash droughts(FDs)develop quickly and can rapidly deplete soil moisture,posing significant threats to agriculture and pastoral systems.To investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics and development mechanisms of FDs in Inner Mongolia,China,and to assess the roles of key meteorological drivers in driving soil moisture variability,FD events were identified using root-zone soil moisture data during the growing seasons from 1982 to 2022.The results indicate the presence of five FD hotspot regions,located in the southern Alxa Plateau,the Hetao Plain in Bayannur,the northwestern Xilingol Plain,the western Liaohe River Plain,and the northern Da Hinggan Ling.Over 41 years,FDs occurred on average 7.44 events across the study area,with a mean duration of 9.17 pentads(1 pentad equals 5 days).The duration exhibited a significant increasing trend of 0.39 pentads/10 years.FD onsets primarily lasted for 2-3 pentads.During the FD development phase,precipitation and evapotranspiration decreased while temperature,potential evapotranspiration,incoming solar radiation,and vapor pressure deficit increased.The dominant meteorological drivers of FD development exhibited notable spatial heterogeneity across hotspot regions,and vapor pressure deficit consistently was the most influential factor.These findings improve the understanding of climate drivers at different stages of FD development and provide scientific support for early warning and prevention of droughts in Inner Mongolia.展开更多
Radiotherapy(RT)is considered a standard cancer treatment that directly kills tumor cells and promotes a systemic immune response.However,RT may also lead to tumor hypoxia,which further inhibits the antigen-presenting...Radiotherapy(RT)is considered a standard cancer treatment that directly kills tumor cells and promotes a systemic immune response.However,RT may also lead to tumor hypoxia,which further inhibits the antigen-presenting function of dendritic cells(DCs)and thereby weakens the systemic anti-tumor immune response induced by radiotherapy.In this study,the oxygen-loaded in situ gels carrying bacterial outer membrane(MOGel)were synthesized.As the gels slowly degraded,oxygen was gradually released to alleviate tumor hypoxia.The released bacterial outer membrane(OM)continuously activated DCs,enhancing their antigenpresenting capability.The results demonstrated that MOGel combined with RT induced the strongest tumor cell apoptosis in vitro and achieved a 80%tumor suppression rate in a colon cancer orthotopic model.Importantly,MOGel+RT induced an enhanced abscopal effect,and hypoxia and enhanced DCs activation contributed to the systemic immune response.Thus,OM-based oxygen gels may offer a novel strategy for enhancing the systemic immune response to RT.展开更多
Objectives:To investigate the imaging characteristics,surgical approaches,and outcomes of cochlear implantation(CI)in patients with special inner ear malformations(IEMs)that show transitional forms between cochlear hy...Objectives:To investigate the imaging characteristics,surgical approaches,and outcomes of cochlear implantation(CI)in patients with special inner ear malformations(IEMs)that show transitional forms between cochlear hypoplasia(CH)and common cavity(CC).Methods:Twelve children(eight males,four females),aged 10 to 43 months,with special IEMs were enrolled,and their inner ear structures were analyzed using detailed segmentation.Two surgical approaches were employed:the transmastoid slot labyrinthotomy approach(TSLA)for cases requiring customized electrodes,and the round window or cochleostomy approach for the remaining cases.Outcomes were evaluated using Categories of Auditory Performance(CAP),Speech Intelligibility Rating(SIR),and Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale(MAIS/IT-MAIS)at 12 months post-implantation.Results:Two main types of malformed cochleae were identified:common cavity-like and primitive CH types.All patients exhibited cochlear nerve deficiency and significant bilateral differences in their inner ear structures.Four patients underwent TSLA with customized electrodes,while the remaining patients received lateral wall electrodes via the round window or cochleostomy approach.Most patients showed improvement in auditory and speech capabilities following implantation.Conclusion:Inner ear malformations with transitional forms between CH and CC present unique challenges,requiring detailed preoperative evaluation and customized surgical plans.Even in severe cases,carefully planned surgery can lead to meaningful auditory rehabilitation.展开更多
Rural domestic sewage treatment is critical for environmental protection.This study defines the spatial pattern of villages from the perspective of rural sewage treatment and develops an integrated decision-making sys...Rural domestic sewage treatment is critical for environmental protection.This study defines the spatial pattern of villages from the perspective of rural sewage treatment and develops an integrated decision-making system to propose a sewage treatment mode and scheme suitable for local conditions.By considering the village spatial layout and terrain factors,a decision tree model of residential density and terrain type was constructed with accuracies of 76.47%and 96.00%,respectively.Combined with binary classification probability unit regression,an appropriate sewage treatment mode for the village was determined with 87.00%accuracy.The Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP),combined with the Technique for Order Preference(TOPSIS)by Similarity to an Ideal Solution model,formed the basis for optimal treatment process selection under different emission standards.Verification was conducted in 542 villages across three counties of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,focusing on the standard effluent effect(0.3773),low investment cost(0.3196),and high standard effluent effect(0.5115)to determine the best treatment process for the same emission standard under different needs.The annual environmental and carbon emission benefits of sewage treatment in these villages were estimated.This model matches village density,geographic feature,and social development level,and provides scientific support and a theoretical basis for rural sewage treatment decision-making.展开更多
Prolonged droughts have emerged as a major impediment to the revitalization of pastoral regions worldwide because they significantly augment their susceptibility to the deleterious effects of global climate change,ove...Prolonged droughts have emerged as a major impediment to the revitalization of pastoral regions worldwide because they significantly augment their susceptibility to the deleterious effects of global climate change,overgrazing,and land degradation.This study,conducted in 106 pastoral villages across 33 pastoral banners of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China between August 2021 and October 2022,used a community resilience evaluation indicator system to assess drought resistance.By calculating a community resilience index,the research explored influencing factors and proposed countermeasures,aiming to enhance resilience to prolonged drought.The results revealed three key findings.1)Pastoral areas exhibited a limited degree of community resilience to drought disasters(overall score=0.28),with resilience levels forming a pyramid-shaped hierarchy.2)Dimensional analysis showed that resilience scores decreased sequentially across five domains:social(0.53)>cultural(0.44)>environmental(0.38)>economic(0.32)>management(0.27).These results highlight the crucial role of economic and management resilience in enhancing community resilience,particularly when accompanied by pre-and post-disaster government support and social security,both of which must be improved.3)Key factors influencing community resilience included geographical location,traffic accessibility,and frequency and severity of droughts.From a drought resilience perspective,targeted strategies and recommendations are proposed to provide novel and practical approaches for achieving sustainable development in pastoral areas and rural regions as a whole.展开更多
The gender-based patriarchy of the Huaxia people,consisting of family and state order,inner/outer distinction and gender-based hierarchy,took shape in the period of radical transformation when the Zhou dynasty replace...The gender-based patriarchy of the Huaxia people,consisting of family and state order,inner/outer distinction and gender-based hierarchy,took shape in the period of radical transformation when the Zhou dynasty replaced the Shang dynasty and reached maturity in the Han dynasty,which had been established in the wake of the radical transformation conducted by the Zhou and Qin dynasties.On the basis of the principles of male/female distinction and the integration of family and state,Western Zhou aristocrats abolished the state structure the inner and outer governance systems(nei/waifuzhi内外服制),carried on in part the main patrilineage and surname exogamy of the Shang dynasty,and established the Huaxia patriarchal system.During the Qin and Han dynasties,the patriarchal system evolved into family and state isomorphism characterized by power-sharing between the royal house and its officials and by a two-pronged kinship system in which the male line was inner and the female line was outer.The system thus evolved into the Huaxia gender-based patriarchy,which covered spatial spheres,division of responsibilities,the kinship system,values and ethics,and codes of daily interaction and conduct.The distinction between the inner and the outer was not only a core value of the gender-based patriarchy but also its operational strategy.It also engendered such inter-related sub-systems as human functions,ethics and gender and such philosophical systems as the unity of heaven and man and the cosmic binaries of yin-yang(阴阳)and qian-kun(乾坤).The constancy(经jing)/Expedience(权quan)and Continuity(因yin)/Change(变bian)of the gender-based patriarchy,the jing/quan at the heart of the basic system and governance strategy within its constraints jointly ensured the stability and dynamism of the gender-based patriarchy of the Huaxia people.展开更多
The chemical compositions of the dichloromethane extracts of inner and outer barks from six Pinus species（P.elliotii,P.oocarpa,P.caribeae,P.merkusii,P.montezumae,and P.insularis） grown in Indonesia were investigated...The chemical compositions of the dichloromethane extracts of inner and outer barks from six Pinus species（P.elliotii,P.oocarpa,P.caribeae,P.merkusii,P.montezumae,and P.insularis） grown in Indonesia were investigated by GC and GC–MS.Generally,the amounts of extractive contents were higher in the inner bark than in the outer bark except for P.merksuii.Fatty acids,monoterpenes,sesquiterpenes,resin acids,triterpenoids,and steroids were detected and quantified.Inner and outer barks differed not only in content of these compounds but also in their composition.Fatty acids and alcohols were the major classes of lipophilic compounds in the outer bark of P.caribeae, P.insularis,and P.montezumae.Steroids and triterpenoids were the dominant compounds identified in the inner bark of P.elliotii,P.insularis,and P.merkusii.Resin acids were the most abundant group in the inner bark of P.oocarpa whereas monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were recorded in minor quantities in both bark layers of all species.展开更多
The ultimate goal in phosphoinositides cellular metabolism is to decipher their global functional organization and coordination of the com- partmentalized signaling processes. In this report we present evidence linkin...The ultimate goal in phosphoinositides cellular metabolism is to decipher their global functional organization and coordination of the com- partmentalized signaling processes. In this report we present evidence linking nuclear phos- phoinositides cycle with endoplasmic reticulum synthesis and function. The rapid transformation of [3H]inositol-labeled phosphoinositides in the intact nuclei (IN) was captured in chase studies for 0-5 min, followed by examination of phosphatidylinositides in the inner nuclear me- mbrane (INM), the outer nuclear membrane (ONM) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We revealed that synthesis of phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs) occurs in ONM and the de- phosphorylation takes place in the INM. The rapid transformation of the radiolabeled PIPs in ONM reverberated in their appearance and successive transformation in INM, and in the 5min chased nuclei was tracked to ONM as the re- emerging radiolabeled phosphatidylinositol (PI). These chase-uncovered changes in ONM and INM PIPs profiles allow us to conclude that the observed conversions in the nuclear membrane continuum are induced by the lateral movement of the membrane and its transit from the cytosolic to nuclear and back to cytosolic environment. The suggested membrane synthesisinduced movement provides the means to transport the membrane- and the membrane lipid ligand-associated cytosolic proteins to the intranuclear spaces and renewal of INM. Export of the nuclear components interacting with the modified INM, by exiting from nuclear to cytosolic site, endows ER with a steady influx of the membrane that is conditioned to generate vesicles according to the nucleus delivered templates.展开更多
A novel forming method of nickel based super-alloy thin-walled part with variable diameter sections was proposed by using inner and outer pressure with the visco-elasto-plastic pressure-carrying medium at room tempera...A novel forming method of nickel based super-alloy thin-walled part with variable diameter sections was proposed by using inner and outer pressure with the visco-elasto-plastic pressure-carrying medium at room temperature,and the principle of the method was provided.Experiments and FE simulations were carried out to analyze the deformation characteristics for the part with larger variable diameter ratio(35%).The results show that visco-elasto-plastic pressure-carrying medium can meet the requirements of the room-temperature deformation condition for nickel based super-alloy sheet.The inner and outer pressure forming with the visco-elasto-plastic pressure-carrying medium can meet the requirements of dimensional accuracy for the thin-walled part with variable diameter sections.The thinning of wall-thickness is less than 4%.This method provides a new approach for near-net shape forming of nickel based super-alloy thin-walled parts with variable diameter sections.展开更多
Aiming at overcoming the difficulties in integral forming of thin-walled tubes with complex shapes, a novel forming method by inner and outer pressure through viscous was proposed. In this method, by dividing large de...Aiming at overcoming the difficulties in integral forming of thin-walled tubes with complex shapes, a novel forming method by inner and outer pressure through viscous was proposed. In this method, by dividing large deformation of the part into inner and outer pressure forming deformations, the limit deformation of tube part can be increased by several times. Meanwhile, the principle of viscous inner and outer pressure forming was provided, and key problems during the forming process such as reduction of the wall-thickness and instability wrinkling were analyzed. Thereby, the complex curved surface super-alloy GH3044 thin-walled tube with varying diameter ratio of 1.35（the ratio between the maximum and minimum diameters of the part） can be integrally formed by this method. The experimental surface of the formed part is superior in quality and the wall-thickness distribution is uniform. The results show that the viscous inner and outer pressure forming can provide a new approach for integral forming of thin-walled tubes with complex shapes.展开更多
The expanded outer seed coat and the rigid inner seed coat of pomegranate seeds,both affect the sensory qualities of the fruit and its acceptability to consumers.Pomegranate seeds are also an appealing model for the s...The expanded outer seed coat and the rigid inner seed coat of pomegranate seeds,both affect the sensory qualities of the fruit and its acceptability to consumers.Pomegranate seeds are also an appealing model for the study of seed coat differentiation and development.We conducted nontarget metabolic profiling to detect metabolites that contribute to the morphological differentiation of the seed coats along with transcriptomic profiling to unravel the genetic mechanisms underlying this process.Comparisons of metabolites in the lignin biosynthetic pathway accumulating in seed coat layers at different developmental stages revealed that monolignols,including coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol,greatly accumulated in inner seed coats and monolignol glucosides greatly accumulated in outer seed coats.Strong expression of genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis and transport might explain the spatial patterns of biosynthesis and accumulation of these metabolites.Hemicellulose constituents and flavonoids in particular accumulated in the inner seed coat,and candidate genes that might be involved in their accumulation were also identified.Genes encoding transcription factors regulating monolignol,cellulose,and hemicellulose metabolism were chosen by coexpression analysis.These results provide insights into metabolic factors influencing seed coat differentiation and a reference for studying seed coat developmental biology and pomegranate genetic improvement.展开更多
Seedlessness represents a highly appreciated trait in table grapes.Based on an interesting case of seedless fruit production described in the crop species Annona squamosa,we focused on the Vitis vinifera INNER NO OUTE...Seedlessness represents a highly appreciated trait in table grapes.Based on an interesting case of seedless fruit production described in the crop species Annona squamosa,we focused on the Vitis vinifera INNER NO OUTER(INO)gene as a candidate.This gene encodes a transcription factor belonging to the YABBY family involved in the determination of abaxial identity in several organs.In Arabidopsis thaliana,this gene was shown to be essential for the formation and asymmetric growth of the ovule outer integument and its mutation leads to a phenotypic defect of ovules and failure in seed formation.In this study,we identified in silico the V.vinifera orthologue and investigated its phylogenetic relationship to INO genes from other species and its expression in different organs in seeded and seedless varieties.Applying cross-species complementation,we have tested its functionality in the Arabidopsis ino-1 mutant.We show that the V.vinifera INO successfully rescues the ovule outer integument growth and seeds set and also partially complements the outer integument asymmetric growth in the Arabidopsis mutant,differently from orthologues from other species.These data demonstrate that VviINO retains similar activity and protein targets in grapevine as in Arabidopsis.Potential implications for grapevine breeding are discussed.展开更多
Based on the Regional Spectral Model(RSM) re-analysis data from Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA) with a horizontal resolution of 20 km and a time interval of 6 h,this study works on the outer and inner core size of 21...Based on the Regional Spectral Model(RSM) re-analysis data from Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA) with a horizontal resolution of 20 km and a time interval of 6 h,this study works on the outer and inner core size of 2174 samples of tropical cyclones(TCs) occurring over the western North Pacific between 2001 and 2007.Some conclusions have been drawn on the basis of preliminary analysis of the TC inner core size and outer size and their relationship with TC intensity.First,the outer size increase(decrease) helps TCs intensify(weaken).Second,the enlargement(shrinking) of the inner core size helps TCs intensify(weaken) if TCs have a large inner core(with radius of maximum winds larger than 120 km).Contrarily,when TCs have small inner core(with radius of maximum winds smaller than 120 km),the enlargement(shrinking) of the inner core is good for weakening(intensifying) of TCs.展开更多
A new synchronization technique of inner and outer couplings is proposed in this work to investigate the synchro- nization of network group. Some Haken-Lorenz lasers with chaos behaviors are taken as the nodes to cons...A new synchronization technique of inner and outer couplings is proposed in this work to investigate the synchro- nization of network group. Some Haken-Lorenz lasers with chaos behaviors are taken as the nodes to construct a few nearest neighbor complex networks and those sub-networks are also connected to form a network group. The effective node controllers are designed based on Lyapunov function and the complete synchronization among the sub-networks is realized perfectly under inner and outer couplings. The work is of potential applications in the cooperation output of lasers and the communication network.展开更多
Two popular traditional join algorithms and their parallel versions are introduced. When designing join algorithms in serial computing environment, decomposing inner relation is considered as the right direction to sa...Two popular traditional join algorithms and their parallel versions are introduced. When designing join algorithms in serial computing environment, decomposing inner relation is considered as the right direction to save disk I/Os. However, two different decomposition algorithms are compared, such as inner vs. outer decomposition first algorithms for tuple-based and block-based nested loop joins, showing that the proposed approach is 20% better than general approach. Also lemmas are proved, when we have to use the outer decomposition first parallel join algorithms.展开更多
Forward Masking Temporal audiotory resolution is the ability of the auditory system to resolve auditory signals in the time domain. Forward masking is a means of studying temporal resolution where one tone, the probe,...Forward Masking Temporal audiotory resolution is the ability of the auditory system to resolve auditory signals in the time domain. Forward masking is a means of studying temporal resolution where one tone, the probe, is masked by a preceding tone, the masker. Forward masking is展开更多
A microgravity environment has been shown to cause ocular damage and affect visual acuity,but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Therefore,we established an animal model of weightlessness via tail suspension to ...A microgravity environment has been shown to cause ocular damage and affect visual acuity,but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Therefore,we established an animal model of weightlessness via tail suspension to examine the pathological changes and molecular mechanisms of retinal damage under microgravity.After 4 weeks of tail suspension,there were no notable alterations in retinal function and morphology,while after 8 weeks of tail suspension,significant reductions in retinal function were observed,and the outer nuclear layer was thinner,with abundant apoptotic cells.To investigate the mechanism underlying the degenerative changes that occurred in the outer nuclear layer of the retina,proteomics was used to analyze differentially expressed proteins in rat retinas after 8 weeks of tail suspension.The results showed that the expression levels of fibroblast growth factor 2(also known as basic fibroblast growth factor)and glial fibrillary acidic protein,which are closely related to Müller cell activation,were significantly upregulated.In addition,Müller cell regeneration and Müller cell gliosis were observed after 4 and 8 weeks,respectively,of simulated weightlessness.These findings indicate that Müller cells play an important regulatory role in retinal outer nuclear layer degeneration during weightlessness.展开更多
文摘Based on the 6-pole outer stator(armature winding-stator),the influence of inner(permanent magnet-stator)/outer stator pole ratio n(n=NIS/NOS),stator relative positions and rotor pole number combinations on electromagnetic performance of partitioned stator switched flux permanent magnet(PM)machines(PS-SFPMMs)is investigated in this paper.Since the armature windings and PMs are located in two separated stators and PMs are stationary,PS-SFPMMs have high fault tolerance capabilities.To maximize the torque performance,the PM of inner stator pole should be aligned with outer stator pole when n is odd while the iron rib of inner stator pole should be aligned with outer stator pole when n is even.No matter what n is selected,the rotor pole number NR can be any integers except the phase number and its multiples.The analysis results indicate that the optimal NR is closed to(NIS+NOS)/2 and it is odd when n is odd while it is even when n is even.Meanwhile,symmetrical phase back-EMF waveform will be obtained when the ratio of Min(NOS,NIS)to the greatest common divisor of Min(NOS,NIS)and NR is even.Based on the optimal rotor pole numbers for 6-pole outer stator with different n and corresponding optimal relative position together with same rated copper loss,the average torque is improved by 18.4%,25.1%and 25.7%respectively in PS-SFPMMs with n equal to 2,3 and 4 when compared with PS-SFPMM with n equal to 1.The analyses are validated by experiment results of the prototype machine.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82171073).
文摘Dear Editor,We present a case of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy(AZOOR)complex in a myopic patient with angioid streaks(ASs).A 19-year-old female has been experiencing visual field defects in her left eye for more than 3y.She was diagnosed with ASs and choroiditis at a local hospital.She has a seven-year history of bilateral high myopia.A fundus examination confirmed the presence of ASs and myopic fundus changes in both eyes.Multimodal imaging revealed an AZOOR complex in the left eye.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42130312)。
文摘The complexity of the seismicity pattern for the subduction zone along the oceanic plate triggered the outer rise events and revealed cyclic tectonic deformation conditions along the plate subduction zones.The outer rise earthquakes have been observed along the Sunda arc,following the estimated rupture area of the 2005 M_(W)8.6 Nias earthquakes.Here,we used kinematic waveform inversion(KIWI)to obtain the source parameters of the 14 May 2021 M_(W)6.6 event off the west coast of northern Sumatra and to define the fault plane that triggered this outer rise event.The KIWI algorithm allows two types of seismic source to be configured:the moment tensor model to describe the type of shear with six moment tensor components and the Eikonal model for the rupture of pure double-couple sources.This method was chosen for its flexibility to be applied for different sources of seismicity and also for the automated full-moment tensor solution with real-time monitoring.We used full waveform traces from 8 broadband seismic stations within 1000 km epicentral distances sourced from the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology(IRIS-IDA)and Geofon GFZ seismic record databases.The initial origin time and hypocenter values are obtained from the IRIS-IDA.The synthetic seismograms used in the inversion process are based on the existing regional green function database model and were accessed from the KIWI Tools Green's Function Database.The obtained scalar seismic moment value is 1.18×10^(19)N·m,equivalent to a moment magnitude M_(W)6.6.The source parameters are 140°,44°,and−99°for the strike,dip,and rake values at a centroid depth of 10.2 km,indicating that this event is a normal fault earthquake that occurred in the outer rise area.The outer rise events with normal faults typically occur at the shallow part of the plate,with nodal-plane dips predominantly in the range of 30°-60°on the weak oceanic lithosphere due to hydrothermal alteration.The stress regime around the plate subduction zone varies both temporally and spatially due to the cyclic influences of megathrust earthquakes.Tensional outer rise earthquakes tend to occur after the megathrust events.The relative timing of these events is not known due to the viscous relaxation of the down going slab and poroelastic response in the trench slope region.The occurrence of the 14 May 2021 earthquake shows the seismicity in the outer rise region in the strongly coupled Sunda arc subduction zone due to elastic bending stress within the duration of the seismic cycle.
基金funded by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Natural Science Foundation Youth Fund Project(Grants No.2024QN04020)A Science and technology program of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Grants No.2022YFDZ0027)。
文摘Flash droughts(FDs)develop quickly and can rapidly deplete soil moisture,posing significant threats to agriculture and pastoral systems.To investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics and development mechanisms of FDs in Inner Mongolia,China,and to assess the roles of key meteorological drivers in driving soil moisture variability,FD events were identified using root-zone soil moisture data during the growing seasons from 1982 to 2022.The results indicate the presence of five FD hotspot regions,located in the southern Alxa Plateau,the Hetao Plain in Bayannur,the northwestern Xilingol Plain,the western Liaohe River Plain,and the northern Da Hinggan Ling.Over 41 years,FDs occurred on average 7.44 events across the study area,with a mean duration of 9.17 pentads(1 pentad equals 5 days).The duration exhibited a significant increasing trend of 0.39 pentads/10 years.FD onsets primarily lasted for 2-3 pentads.During the FD development phase,precipitation and evapotranspiration decreased while temperature,potential evapotranspiration,incoming solar radiation,and vapor pressure deficit increased.The dominant meteorological drivers of FD development exhibited notable spatial heterogeneity across hotspot regions,and vapor pressure deficit consistently was the most influential factor.These findings improve the understanding of climate drivers at different stages of FD development and provide scientific support for early warning and prevention of droughts in Inner Mongolia.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3401600)the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(32530061 and 32171372)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Projects of Xizang Autonomous Region,China(XZ202202YD0029C)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(KG202511)。
文摘Radiotherapy(RT)is considered a standard cancer treatment that directly kills tumor cells and promotes a systemic immune response.However,RT may also lead to tumor hypoxia,which further inhibits the antigen-presenting function of dendritic cells(DCs)and thereby weakens the systemic anti-tumor immune response induced by radiotherapy.In this study,the oxygen-loaded in situ gels carrying bacterial outer membrane(MOGel)were synthesized.As the gels slowly degraded,oxygen was gradually released to alleviate tumor hypoxia.The released bacterial outer membrane(OM)continuously activated DCs,enhancing their antigenpresenting capability.The results demonstrated that MOGel combined with RT induced the strongest tumor cell apoptosis in vitro and achieved a 80%tumor suppression rate in a colon cancer orthotopic model.Importantly,MOGel+RT induced an enhanced abscopal effect,and hypoxia and enhanced DCs activation contributed to the systemic immune response.Thus,OM-based oxygen gels may offer a novel strategy for enhancing the systemic immune response to RT.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2022YFC2402705)National Municipal Natural Science Foundation(grant no.82471161)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(grant no.7244308).
文摘Objectives:To investigate the imaging characteristics,surgical approaches,and outcomes of cochlear implantation(CI)in patients with special inner ear malformations(IEMs)that show transitional forms between cochlear hypoplasia(CH)and common cavity(CC).Methods:Twelve children(eight males,four females),aged 10 to 43 months,with special IEMs were enrolled,and their inner ear structures were analyzed using detailed segmentation.Two surgical approaches were employed:the transmastoid slot labyrinthotomy approach(TSLA)for cases requiring customized electrodes,and the round window or cochleostomy approach for the remaining cases.Outcomes were evaluated using Categories of Auditory Performance(CAP),Speech Intelligibility Rating(SIR),and Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale(MAIS/IT-MAIS)at 12 months post-implantation.Results:Two main types of malformed cochleae were identified:common cavity-like and primitive CH types.All patients exhibited cochlear nerve deficiency and significant bilateral differences in their inner ear structures.Four patients underwent TSLA with customized electrodes,while the remaining patients received lateral wall electrodes via the round window or cochleostomy approach.Most patients showed improvement in auditory and speech capabilities following implantation.Conclusion:Inner ear malformations with transitional forms between CH and CC present unique challenges,requiring detailed preoperative evaluation and customized surgical plans.Even in severe cases,carefully planned surgery can lead to meaningful auditory rehabilitation.
基金supported by the Central Government Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project(No.2024SZY0343)the Joint Research Program for Ecological Conservation and High Quality Development of the Yellow River Basin(No.2022-YRUC-01-050205)+2 种基金the Higher Education Scientific Research Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(No.NJZZ23078)the project of Inner Mongolia"Prairie Talents"Engineering Innovation Entrepreneurship Talent Team,the Major Projects of Erdos Science and Technology(No.2022EEDSKJZDZX015)the Innovation Team of the Inner Mongolia Academy of Science and Technology(No.CXTD2023-01-016).
文摘Rural domestic sewage treatment is critical for environmental protection.This study defines the spatial pattern of villages from the perspective of rural sewage treatment and develops an integrated decision-making system to propose a sewage treatment mode and scheme suitable for local conditions.By considering the village spatial layout and terrain factors,a decision tree model of residential density and terrain type was constructed with accuracies of 76.47%and 96.00%,respectively.Combined with binary classification probability unit regression,an appropriate sewage treatment mode for the village was determined with 87.00%accuracy.The Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP),combined with the Technique for Order Preference(TOPSIS)by Similarity to an Ideal Solution model,formed the basis for optimal treatment process selection under different emission standards.Verification was conducted in 542 villages across three counties of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,focusing on the standard effluent effect(0.3773),low investment cost(0.3196),and high standard effluent effect(0.5115)to determine the best treatment process for the same emission standard under different needs.The annual environmental and carbon emission benefits of sewage treatment in these villages were estimated.This model matches village density,geographic feature,and social development level,and provides scientific support and a theoretical basis for rural sewage treatment decision-making.
基金Under the auspices of the National Key Research and Development Program of China Science and Technology Cooperation Project of the Chinese and Russian Governments(No.2023YFE0111300)National Social Science Fund of China(No.23BGL204)Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(No.2022MS04001)。
文摘Prolonged droughts have emerged as a major impediment to the revitalization of pastoral regions worldwide because they significantly augment their susceptibility to the deleterious effects of global climate change,overgrazing,and land degradation.This study,conducted in 106 pastoral villages across 33 pastoral banners of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China between August 2021 and October 2022,used a community resilience evaluation indicator system to assess drought resistance.By calculating a community resilience index,the research explored influencing factors and proposed countermeasures,aiming to enhance resilience to prolonged drought.The results revealed three key findings.1)Pastoral areas exhibited a limited degree of community resilience to drought disasters(overall score=0.28),with resilience levels forming a pyramid-shaped hierarchy.2)Dimensional analysis showed that resilience scores decreased sequentially across five domains:social(0.53)>cultural(0.44)>environmental(0.38)>economic(0.32)>management(0.27).These results highlight the crucial role of economic and management resilience in enhancing community resilience,particularly when accompanied by pre-and post-disaster government support and social security,both of which must be improved.3)Key factors influencing community resilience included geographical location,traffic accessibility,and frequency and severity of droughts.From a drought resilience perspective,targeted strategies and recommendations are proposed to provide novel and practical approaches for achieving sustainable development in pastoral areas and rural regions as a whole.
文摘The gender-based patriarchy of the Huaxia people,consisting of family and state order,inner/outer distinction and gender-based hierarchy,took shape in the period of radical transformation when the Zhou dynasty replaced the Shang dynasty and reached maturity in the Han dynasty,which had been established in the wake of the radical transformation conducted by the Zhou and Qin dynasties.On the basis of the principles of male/female distinction and the integration of family and state,Western Zhou aristocrats abolished the state structure the inner and outer governance systems(nei/waifuzhi内外服制),carried on in part the main patrilineage and surname exogamy of the Shang dynasty,and established the Huaxia patriarchal system.During the Qin and Han dynasties,the patriarchal system evolved into family and state isomorphism characterized by power-sharing between the royal house and its officials and by a two-pronged kinship system in which the male line was inner and the female line was outer.The system thus evolved into the Huaxia gender-based patriarchy,which covered spatial spheres,division of responsibilities,the kinship system,values and ethics,and codes of daily interaction and conduct.The distinction between the inner and the outer was not only a core value of the gender-based patriarchy but also its operational strategy.It also engendered such inter-related sub-systems as human functions,ethics and gender and such philosophical systems as the unity of heaven and man and the cosmic binaries of yin-yang(阴阳)and qian-kun(乾坤).The constancy(经jing)/Expedience(权quan)and Continuity(因yin)/Change(变bian)of the gender-based patriarchy,the jing/quan at the heart of the basic system and governance strategy within its constraints jointly ensured the stability and dynamism of the gender-based patriarchy of the Huaxia people.
基金supported by JASSO(Japan Student Services Organization)DPP Grant 2016(Faculty of Forestry,UGM)
文摘The chemical compositions of the dichloromethane extracts of inner and outer barks from six Pinus species（P.elliotii,P.oocarpa,P.caribeae,P.merkusii,P.montezumae,and P.insularis） grown in Indonesia were investigated by GC and GC–MS.Generally,the amounts of extractive contents were higher in the inner bark than in the outer bark except for P.merksuii.Fatty acids,monoterpenes,sesquiterpenes,resin acids,triterpenoids,and steroids were detected and quantified.Inner and outer barks differed not only in content of these compounds but also in their composition.Fatty acids and alcohols were the major classes of lipophilic compounds in the outer bark of P.caribeae, P.insularis,and P.montezumae.Steroids and triterpenoids were the dominant compounds identified in the inner bark of P.elliotii,P.insularis,and P.merkusii.Resin acids were the most abundant group in the inner bark of P.oocarpa whereas monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were recorded in minor quantities in both bark layers of all species.
文摘The ultimate goal in phosphoinositides cellular metabolism is to decipher their global functional organization and coordination of the com- partmentalized signaling processes. In this report we present evidence linking nuclear phos- phoinositides cycle with endoplasmic reticulum synthesis and function. The rapid transformation of [3H]inositol-labeled phosphoinositides in the intact nuclei (IN) was captured in chase studies for 0-5 min, followed by examination of phosphatidylinositides in the inner nuclear me- mbrane (INM), the outer nuclear membrane (ONM) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We revealed that synthesis of phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs) occurs in ONM and the de- phosphorylation takes place in the INM. The rapid transformation of the radiolabeled PIPs in ONM reverberated in their appearance and successive transformation in INM, and in the 5min chased nuclei was tracked to ONM as the re- emerging radiolabeled phosphatidylinositol (PI). These chase-uncovered changes in ONM and INM PIPs profiles allow us to conclude that the observed conversions in the nuclear membrane continuum are induced by the lateral movement of the membrane and its transit from the cytosolic to nuclear and back to cytosolic environment. The suggested membrane synthesisinduced movement provides the means to transport the membrane- and the membrane lipid ligand-associated cytosolic proteins to the intranuclear spaces and renewal of INM. Export of the nuclear components interacting with the modified INM, by exiting from nuclear to cytosolic site, endows ER with a steady influx of the membrane that is conditioned to generate vesicles according to the nucleus delivered templates.
文摘A novel forming method of nickel based super-alloy thin-walled part with variable diameter sections was proposed by using inner and outer pressure with the visco-elasto-plastic pressure-carrying medium at room temperature,and the principle of the method was provided.Experiments and FE simulations were carried out to analyze the deformation characteristics for the part with larger variable diameter ratio(35%).The results show that visco-elasto-plastic pressure-carrying medium can meet the requirements of the room-temperature deformation condition for nickel based super-alloy sheet.The inner and outer pressure forming with the visco-elasto-plastic pressure-carrying medium can meet the requirements of dimensional accuracy for the thin-walled part with variable diameter sections.The thinning of wall-thickness is less than 4%.This method provides a new approach for near-net shape forming of nickel based super-alloy thin-walled parts with variable diameter sections.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51205260)
文摘Aiming at overcoming the difficulties in integral forming of thin-walled tubes with complex shapes, a novel forming method by inner and outer pressure through viscous was proposed. In this method, by dividing large deformation of the part into inner and outer pressure forming deformations, the limit deformation of tube part can be increased by several times. Meanwhile, the principle of viscous inner and outer pressure forming was provided, and key problems during the forming process such as reduction of the wall-thickness and instability wrinkling were analyzed. Thereby, the complex curved surface super-alloy GH3044 thin-walled tube with varying diameter ratio of 1.35（the ratio between the maximum and minimum diameters of the part） can be integrally formed by this method. The experimental surface of the formed part is superior in quality and the wall-thickness distribution is uniform. The results show that the viscous inner and outer pressure forming can provide a new approach for integral forming of thin-walled tubes with complex shapes.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(1708085MC85).
文摘The expanded outer seed coat and the rigid inner seed coat of pomegranate seeds,both affect the sensory qualities of the fruit and its acceptability to consumers.Pomegranate seeds are also an appealing model for the study of seed coat differentiation and development.We conducted nontarget metabolic profiling to detect metabolites that contribute to the morphological differentiation of the seed coats along with transcriptomic profiling to unravel the genetic mechanisms underlying this process.Comparisons of metabolites in the lignin biosynthetic pathway accumulating in seed coat layers at different developmental stages revealed that monolignols,including coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol,greatly accumulated in inner seed coats and monolignol glucosides greatly accumulated in outer seed coats.Strong expression of genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis and transport might explain the spatial patterns of biosynthesis and accumulation of these metabolites.Hemicellulose constituents and flavonoids in particular accumulated in the inner seed coat,and candidate genes that might be involved in their accumulation were also identified.Genes encoding transcription factors regulating monolignol,cellulose,and hemicellulose metabolism were chosen by coexpression analysis.These results provide insights into metabolic factors influencing seed coat differentiation and a reference for studying seed coat developmental biology and pomegranate genetic improvement.
文摘Seedlessness represents a highly appreciated trait in table grapes.Based on an interesting case of seedless fruit production described in the crop species Annona squamosa,we focused on the Vitis vinifera INNER NO OUTER(INO)gene as a candidate.This gene encodes a transcription factor belonging to the YABBY family involved in the determination of abaxial identity in several organs.In Arabidopsis thaliana,this gene was shown to be essential for the formation and asymmetric growth of the ovule outer integument and its mutation leads to a phenotypic defect of ovules and failure in seed formation.In this study,we identified in silico the V.vinifera orthologue and investigated its phylogenetic relationship to INO genes from other species and its expression in different organs in seeded and seedless varieties.Applying cross-species complementation,we have tested its functionality in the Arabidopsis ino-1 mutant.We show that the V.vinifera INO successfully rescues the ovule outer integument growth and seeds set and also partially complements the outer integument asymmetric growth in the Arabidopsis mutant,differently from orthologues from other species.These data demonstrate that VviINO retains similar activity and protein targets in grapevine as in Arabidopsis.Potential implications for grapevine breeding are discussed.
基金Natural Fundamental Research and Development Project Program(2013CB430305)Specialized Research Project for Public Welfare Sector(Meteorology)(GYHY201406010)
文摘Based on the Regional Spectral Model(RSM) re-analysis data from Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA) with a horizontal resolution of 20 km and a time interval of 6 h,this study works on the outer and inner core size of 2174 samples of tropical cyclones(TCs) occurring over the western North Pacific between 2001 and 2007.Some conclusions have been drawn on the basis of preliminary analysis of the TC inner core size and outer size and their relationship with TC intensity.First,the outer size increase(decrease) helps TCs intensify(weaken).Second,the enlargement(shrinking) of the inner core size helps TCs intensify(weaken) if TCs have a large inner core(with radius of maximum winds larger than 120 km).Contrarily,when TCs have small inner core(with radius of maximum winds smaller than 120 km),the enlargement(shrinking) of the inner core is good for weakening(intensifying) of TCs.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11004092)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China(Grant Nos.2015020079 and 201602455)the Foundation of Education Department of Liaoning Province,China(Grant No.L201683665)
文摘A new synchronization technique of inner and outer couplings is proposed in this work to investigate the synchro- nization of network group. Some Haken-Lorenz lasers with chaos behaviors are taken as the nodes to construct a few nearest neighbor complex networks and those sub-networks are also connected to form a network group. The effective node controllers are designed based on Lyapunov function and the complete synchronization among the sub-networks is realized perfectly under inner and outer couplings. The work is of potential applications in the cooperation output of lasers and the communication network.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea through contract N-14-NMIR06
文摘Two popular traditional join algorithms and their parallel versions are introduced. When designing join algorithms in serial computing environment, decomposing inner relation is considered as the right direction to save disk I/Os. However, two different decomposition algorithms are compared, such as inner vs. outer decomposition first algorithms for tuple-based and block-based nested loop joins, showing that the proposed approach is 20% better than general approach. Also lemmas are proved, when we have to use the outer decomposition first parallel join algorithms.
文摘Forward Masking Temporal audiotory resolution is the ability of the auditory system to resolve auditory signals in the time domain. Forward masking is a means of studying temporal resolution where one tone, the probe, is masked by a preceding tone, the masker. Forward masking is
基金supported by the Army Laboratory Animal Foundation of China,No.SYDW[2020]22(to TC)the Shaanxi Provincial Key R&D Plan General Project of China,No.2022SF-236(to YM)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82202070(to TC)。
文摘A microgravity environment has been shown to cause ocular damage and affect visual acuity,but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Therefore,we established an animal model of weightlessness via tail suspension to examine the pathological changes and molecular mechanisms of retinal damage under microgravity.After 4 weeks of tail suspension,there were no notable alterations in retinal function and morphology,while after 8 weeks of tail suspension,significant reductions in retinal function were observed,and the outer nuclear layer was thinner,with abundant apoptotic cells.To investigate the mechanism underlying the degenerative changes that occurred in the outer nuclear layer of the retina,proteomics was used to analyze differentially expressed proteins in rat retinas after 8 weeks of tail suspension.The results showed that the expression levels of fibroblast growth factor 2(also known as basic fibroblast growth factor)and glial fibrillary acidic protein,which are closely related to Müller cell activation,were significantly upregulated.In addition,Müller cell regeneration and Müller cell gliosis were observed after 4 and 8 weeks,respectively,of simulated weightlessness.These findings indicate that Müller cells play an important regulatory role in retinal outer nuclear layer degeneration during weightlessness.
