In this study,a novel Ca_(2)GaTaO_(6):Sm^(3+)phosphor was developed using the conventional hightemperature solid-phase method.The phase structure and morphology test results of phosphor indicate that the Ca_(2)GaTaO_(...In this study,a novel Ca_(2)GaTaO_(6):Sm^(3+)phosphor was developed using the conventional hightemperature solid-phase method.The phase structure and morphology test results of phosphor indicate that the Ca_(2)GaTaO_(6):Sm^(3+)material was successfully synthesized and the Sm^(3+)ions were successfully doped into the host lattice.When utilizing 406 nm excitation,the Ca_(2)GaTaO_(6):Sm^(3+)phosphor has the strongest emission intensity at 599 nm and shows orange-red emission,which is mainly owing to the^(4)G_(5/2)→^(6)H_(7/2)jump of Sm^(3+)ions.For the performance of different concentrations of Sm^(3+)ions,3 mol%performs the best.At this time,concentration quenching occurs,which is most predominantly induced by dipole-dipole(d-d)interactions.In terms of thermal stability,the Ca_(2)GaTaO_(6):Sm^(3+)phosphor shows good properties,with the luminescence intensity at 423 K exhibiting 88.17%of that at 298 K.The white light-emitting diodes(WLEDs)devices prepared using Ca_(2)GaTaO_(6):Sm^(3+):0.03Sm^(3+)phosphor shows warm white light with excellent performance in terms of correlated color temperature and color rendering index(CCT=3642 K,CRI,Ra=93.5).In terms of anticounterfeit inks,the Ca_(2)GaTaO_(6):Sm^(3+)phosphor also shows good potential.These research results show that Ca_(2)GaTaO_(6):Sm^(3+)phosphors have great performance for application in WLEDs and anti-counterfeit inks.展开更多
Quantumdot inks(QDIs)represent an emerging functionalmaterial that integrates nanotechnology and fluid engineering,demonstrating significant application potential in flexible optoelectronics and high-color gamut displ...Quantumdot inks(QDIs)represent an emerging functionalmaterial that integrates nanotechnology and fluid engineering,demonstrating significant application potential in flexible optoelectronics and high-color gamut displays.Their wide applicability is due to a unique quantum confinement effect that enables precise spectral tunability and solution-processable properties.However,the complex fluid dynamics associated with QDIs at micro-/nano-scales severely limit the accuracy of inkjet printing and pattern deposition.This review systematically addresses recent advances in the hydrodynamics of QDIs,establishing scientific mechanisms and key technical breakthroughs from an interdisciplinary perspective.Current research has focused on three optimization directions:(1)regulating ligand structures to enhance colloidal stability,flow consistency,and anti-shear performance while mitigating nanoparticle aggregation;(2)incorporating low-viscosity or high-volatility solvents and surface tension modifiers to modify droplet dynamic characteristics and suppress the“coffee-ring”effect;(3)integrating advanced technologies such as electrohydrodynamic jetting and microfluidic targeted deposition to achieve submicron pattern resolution and high film uniformity,expanding adaptability in flexible electronics,biosensing,and anti-counterfeiting printing.A comparison of current technical routes and critical performance indicators has identified the dominant variables that influence QDI macroscopic/microscopic properties.A comprehensive analytical framework is presented which spans material structure,rheological behavior,manufacturing processes,and functional characteristics.Moreover,a proposed engineering‘structure–parameter–behavior–performance’serves to link core–shell structure,formulation parameters(e.g.,viscosity and surface tension),fluidic behavior(e.g.,shear thinning and Marangoni flow),and device performance(e.g.,resolution and photoluminescence efficiency).The findings provide theoretical support and decision-making guidance for the large-scale application and interdisciplinary expansion of QDIs.展开更多
Luminescent materials that can be reversibly switched by electric field stimulation are attractive since the potential application for optoelectronic devices.Here we report a triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion(...Luminescent materials that can be reversibly switched by electric field stimulation are attractive since the potential application for optoelectronic devices.Here we report a triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion(TTA-UC)system with electrophoretic response which is developed as the electrophoretic ink.The TTA-UC system consists of an ionic derivative of 9,10-diphenyl anthracene(DPA)as the annihilator and Pt(II)octaethylporphyrin(PtOEP)as the sensitizer.Upon applying an electric field,migration and enrichment of positively charged DPA derivatives towards the cathode results in a 20%enhancement of TTA-UC.A quasi-solid film for electrically writing is made using the electrophoretic TTA system as the ink and a platinum electrode as a pen.The prototype of TTA-UC ink demonstrates unique luminescence functions upon electrically writing and erasing,providing a promising strategy to develop electronic devices for display,information storage and encryption.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)functional graphenebased architecture with superior electrical conductivity and good mechanical strength has promising applications in energy storage and electrics.Viscoelasticity-adjustable inks ...Three-dimensional(3D)functional graphenebased architecture with superior electrical conductivity and good mechanical strength has promising applications in energy storage and electrics.Viscoelasticity-adjustable inks make it possible to achieve desired 3D architectures with interconnected and continuous interior networks by microextrusion printing.In this work,ultra-low-concentration graphene oxide(GO)inks of~15 mg·ml-1 have been obtained and demonstrated in direct 3D printing with a facile cross-linking(direct ink writing).The rheological behavior of the GO strategy by cations,which is the lowest concentration to achieve direct ink writing inks,could be adjusted from 1×10^(4) to 1×10^(5) Pa·s^(-1) with different concentrations of cations due to strong cross-linking networks between GO sheets and cations.Meanwhile,the specific strength and electrical conductivity of 3D-printed graphene architecture are notably enhanced,reaching up to 51.7×10^(3) N·m·kg^(-1)and 119 S·m^(-1),which are superior to conventional graphene aerogels.Furthermore,3D printing graphene-based architecture assembled in micro-superc apacitor exhibits excellent electrochemical performance,which can be ascribed to the effective ion transportation through the interconnected networks.The strategy demonstrated is useful in the design of complex-shaped,graphene-based architectures for scalable manufacturing of practical energy storage applications.展开更多
Inkjet printing is a new fabricating method that can realize the precise film deposition. For polymer inks, the coil-stretch transition of polymer chains always impacts the ink droplet formation and a beads-on-a strin...Inkjet printing is a new fabricating method that can realize the precise film deposition. For polymer inks, the coil-stretch transition of polymer chains always impacts the ink droplet formation and a beads-on-a string structure filament is formed, thus generating unwanted satellite droplets. This review provides a short introduction of the dynamic process of the droplet formation. Then fluid theological requirements for a printable polymer ink are summarized. Finally the strain hardening phenomenon of polymer chains in the filament formation and its impact on polymer ink-jetting are discussed. The research of viscoelastic polymer inks shows that rheological parameters and viscoelasticity are two key factors that determine the printability of polymer inks.展开更多
While the practice of tattooing has existed for thousands of years, it has recently begun growing in popularity in the US. With the increasing prevalence of tattoos, the methods and inks involved in the tattooing proc...While the practice of tattooing has existed for thousands of years, it has recently begun growing in popularity in the US. With the increasing prevalence of tattoos, the methods and inks involved in the tattooing process have also developed. Tattoos now use many brightly colored inks, often made using metal-based pigments. There is concern that chemicals may be present in tattoo inks in concentrations that may lead to human health concerns either during application or removal of tattoos. Since exposure to metals has been linked to tremors, liver damage, memory loss, cognitive loss, and even death, there is concern about the prevalence of metals in tattoo inks in general. To this end, a survey of 226 commercial tattoo inks was performed and each ink was analyzed for the presence of heavy metals using two different x-ray methods: Particle Induced X-Ray Emission and Scanning Electron Microscopy/ Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. Fifteen metals were identified in various tattoo inks by these rapid x-ray methods, including chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, barium, and lead. Conclusions can be drawn about the prevalence of metals in some pigment colors and from some brands.展开更多
In this work, we study the stability of a class of materials obtained by printing a textile with conductive inks using a method called screen printing. Under the action of a certain external factors, the printed circu...In this work, we study the stability of a class of materials obtained by printing a textile with conductive inks using a method called screen printing. Under the action of a certain external factors, the printed circuit suffers deterioration and the conductivity decreases considerably. In this work, we propose to model the overall damage of the textile sheet in terms of the partial damages of the conductive lines. We also apply this approach to evaluate the damage of a system being made of transmission lines printed into nonwoven substrates using different conductive inks.展开更多
This work describes the application of a detailed set of TXRF evaluations to the elemental content of assorted tattoo inks, on the market of the city of Concepcion, Chile. We applied TXRF as a screening method for det...This work describes the application of a detailed set of TXRF evaluations to the elemental content of assorted tattoo inks, on the market of the city of Concepcion, Chile. We applied TXRF as a screening method for determining the composition in 3 sets of tattoo inks, in order to establish, from an inorganic point of view, the composition and purity of the samples, evaluating their elemental innocuousness. The analyzed 48 products were freely acquired from on line suppliers. All of them were analyzed by external standard quantification, but in order to inter-compare the results, a 15% of the samples were acidly digested and then quantified by the internal standard method. In the samples we determined: 1) their inorganic quantitative composition and, 2) the possible presence of elements which are potential health hazards. In this study few anomalies were found: 1) The high presence Ti of and W in few samples, 2) Arsenic was found in four of them, and 3) A trace detection of a rare earth element in a particular product. The products studied are almost freely imported from a world open marked, so the questions about their innocuousness could affect not only to the Chilean society.展开更多
To reduce the impact of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, popularly known as the Coronavirus, many public health-related rules have been established around the world. Along with social distancing and lockdowns, most countri...To reduce the impact of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, popularly known as the Coronavirus, many public health-related rules have been established around the world. Along with social distancing and lockdowns, most countries have mandatory wearing of face masks in public areas to limit the spread of the virus during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, because people are free to choose any method to make their masks, some are being fabricated from materials that can be toxic to the environment and human health. This paper discusses how inks and dyes used in face masks are causing major environmental degradation and health issues in industry workers and the general mask-wearing public. The goal fixed for the present study is to raise the alarm with authorities and decision-makers regarding the toxic nature of some colors (dyes and inks) and fabrics in the masks being worn every day.展开更多
ZTE Corporation has signed strategic telecommunications software agreement with two leading providers in Europe and Latin America to optimize its offerings for target customers in
The effect of five dihydric alcohols on the fixation rate and K/S value of reactive dyes on cotton fabrics was investigated.Results show that the more primary hydroxyl groups are contained in the isomeric dihydric alc...The effect of five dihydric alcohols on the fixation rate and K/S value of reactive dyes on cotton fabrics was investigated.Results show that the more primary hydroxyl groups are contained in the isomeric dihydric alcohols,the greater activity of reacting with the reactive dye.Longer carbon chain also increases the reactivity of dihydric alcohols with reactive dyes.This study provides a theoretical basis for the selection of suitable dihydric alcohols in preparation reactive dye inkjet printing ink.展开更多
Finer nanoplates of silver are prepared by self-assembly on the surface of graphene,and the low-temperature sintered high conductivity ink containing the silver nanoplates is prepared.Most importantly,graphene is adde...Finer nanoplates of silver are prepared by self-assembly on the surface of graphene,and the low-temperature sintered high conductivity ink containing the silver nanoplates is prepared.Most importantly,graphene is added to the solution before the chemical reduction reaction occurs.Firstly,it is found that silver nanoplates have self-assembly phenomenon on the surface of graphene.Secondly,the Ag nano hexagonal platelets(AgNHPs)with small particle sizes(10 nm),narrow distribution and good dispersion are prepared.Especially,smaller sizes(10 nm)and narrower particle size distribution of AgNHPs particles can be easily controlled by using this process.Finally,the conductivity of the ink is excellent.For example,when the printed patterns were sintering at 150℃,the resistivity of the ink(GE:0.15 g/L)reached the minimum value of 2.2×10^-6 cm.And the resistivity value was 3.7×10^-6Ωcm,when it was sintered at 100℃ for 30 min.The conductive ink prepared can be used for the field of printing electronics as ink-jet printing ink.展开更多
Colloidal quantum dots(CQDs)are promising semiconducting materials,which can be used as a photoactive layer in various optoelectronic applications,because of their size-tunable bandgap energy,solution processability,a...Colloidal quantum dots(CQDs)are promising semiconducting materials,which can be used as a photoactive layer in various optoelectronic applications,because of their size-tunable bandgap energy,solution processability,and excellent optical and optoelectronic properties.In particular,these features have generated great interest in the development of CQD solar cells and led to a rapid increase in their power conversion efficiency.These improvements were enabled by many innovative approaches in terms of CQD’s surface chemistry and device architecture optimizations.In this review,a critical overview of the research progress in CQD solar cells is presented with a focus on the strategies adopted for achieving record efficiency in CQD solar cells.These strategies include the use of organic/inorganic surface ligands,pre-and post-treatment of CQDs,and solid-state/solution-phase ligand exchange.Additionally,we provide an understanding of the research history to inspire the rational design of next-generation CQD optoelectronic devices,such as solar cells,light-emitting diodes,and photodetectors.Recent research on the development of infrared CQD solar cells as complementary platforms to other solar cell technologies is also critically discussed to provide another perspective on CQD technologies.展开更多
Precursor (Metal-organic decomposition (MOD)) inks are used to fabricate 2D and 3D printed conductive structures directly onto a substrate. By formulating a nanoalloy structure containing multiple metals, the opportun...Precursor (Metal-organic decomposition (MOD)) inks are used to fabricate 2D and 3D printed conductive structures directly onto a substrate. By formulating a nanoalloy structure containing multiple metals, the opportunity to modify chemical and physical properties exists. In this paper, a copper-nickel bimetallic nanoalloy film was fabricated by mixing copper and nickel precursor inks and sintering them in vacuum. The individual elemental inks were formulated and characterized using SEM, EDS, and XRD. During thermal processing, elemental copper forms first and is followed by the formation of bimetallic copper-nickel alloy. The encapsulation of the underlying copper by the nickel-rich alloy provides excellent oxidation resistance. No change in film resistance was observed after the film was exposed to an oxygen plasma. Nanoalloy films printed using reactive metallic inks have a variety of important applications involving local control of alloy composition. Examples include facile formation of layered nanostructures, and electrical conductivity with oxidative stability.展开更多
The direct synthesis of semi-conductive quantum dot(QD)inks coordinated by inorganic ions in polar phases presents potential advantages such as low cost and scalability,making it an ideal approach for realizing QDs-ba...The direct synthesis of semi-conductive quantum dot(QD)inks coordinated by inorganic ions in polar phases presents potential advantages such as low cost and scalability,making it an ideal approach for realizing QDs-based optoelectronic applications.However,the weak repulsive forces between QDs coordinated by inorganic ions can easily lead to agglomeration,significantly limiting size control during the synthesis process.Distinct from the traditional high-temperature injection and low-temperature growth strategy used in the synthesis of QDs with long-chain organic ligands,we discover that low-temperature injection nucleation and high-temperature growth is an effective strategy to achieve controllable tuning of reactive monomers and ligand ions in the direct synthesis system of inorganic ion-liganded QD inks,which in turn realizes the scalable,low-cost,and direct synthesis of uniform and size-tunable short-wavelength infrared(SWIR)PbS QD inks.The yield of single synthesis can be more than 10 g.Compared with the traditional ligand exchange method,the yield is improved by nearly 3 times and the cost is reduced to 7 times.Finally,the solar cell devices fabricated using these PbS SWIR QD inks achieved a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of approaching 9%,confirming the excellent optoelectronic performance of the synthesized PbS QD materials.展开更多
Rare earth nanomaterials exhibit remarkable characteristics,including real-time responsiveness,luminescence stability,and multicolor emission capabilities.Herein,NaYbF_(4):x%Tb,y%Eu@NaYF_(4)core-shell structured nanop...Rare earth nanomaterials exhibit remarkable characteristics,including real-time responsiveness,luminescence stability,and multicolor emission capabilities.Herein,NaYbF_(4):x%Tb,y%Eu@NaYF_(4)core-shell structured nanoparticles(CSNP)were synthesized with distinct fluorescence under both ultraviolet(UV)and near-infrared(NIR)excitation.It can be uniformly mixed with a transparent ink solution and loaded into ink cartridges to print customized graphics on copy papers.The graphics cannot be recognized under normal visible light,and the concealed information with high resolution can only be exposed under specific excitation light.Combining with cryptography,it facilitates the implementation of advanced information encryption techniques.Consequently,the innovative fluorescent ink materials hold significant promise for enhancing anti-counterfeiting and information encryption.展开更多
Background:Using a comprehensive approach that combines Thin Layer Chromatography(TLC),UV-visible spectroscopy,and Adobe Photoshop image manipulation,this study aims to authenticate and identify Gen gel pens.Aim and O...Background:Using a comprehensive approach that combines Thin Layer Chromatography(TLC),UV-visible spectroscopy,and Adobe Photoshop image manipulation,this study aims to authenticate and identify Gen gel pens.Aim and Objectives:The principal objective is to describe gel pen ink compositions and develop an authentication process for them.Thirty gel pen ink samples total-ten of each for the colors red,black,and blue-are the subject of the study.Goals include applying Adobe Photoshop for improved visual differentiation and using TLC and UV-visible spectroscopy for preliminary characterization.Materials and Methods:To characterize the compositions of thirty gel pen ink samples,Thin Layer Chromatography and UV-visible spectroscopy were applied.To improve the visuals,images were turned upside down and their brightness was changed using Adobe Photoshop.Gel pen ink matching was tested in a blind trial that combined analytical findings with Photoshop-enhanced visual differentiation.Results:76%of samples could be distinguished clearly,according to analytical data,and 40%of samples showed UV absorption at 237.5 nm regardless of the colour of the ink.Remarkably,on the UV Visible Spectrum,76.6%showed distinct peaks.A major factor in the ability to visually distinguish ink samples was Adobe Photoshop.Different ink samples could be identified using UV-visible spectroscopy peak variations;23.3%of the samples showed nonspecific peak patterns that could be seen in photos that had been Photoshopped.Conclusion:The combined findings provide insightful information about gel pen ink differentiation and suggest a possible approach for model identification and authentication.This method combines Adobe Photoshop image manipulation with analytical methods like TLC and UV-visible spectroscopy.展开更多
The shortage of tissues and organs for transplantation is an urgent clinical concern.In situ 3D printing is an advanced 3D printing technique aimed at printing the new tissue or organ directly in the patient.The ink f...The shortage of tissues and organs for transplantation is an urgent clinical concern.In situ 3D printing is an advanced 3D printing technique aimed at printing the new tissue or organ directly in the patient.The ink for this process is central to the outcomes,and must meet specific requirements such as rapid gelation,shape integrity,stability over time,and adhesion to surrounding healthy tissues.Among natural materials,silk fibroin exhibits fascinating properties that have made it widely studied in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.However,further improvements in silk fibroin inks are needed to match the requirements for in situ 3D printing.In the present study,silk fibroin-based inks were developed for in situ applications by exploiting covalent crosslinking process consisting of a pre-photo-crosslinking prior to printing and in situ enzymatic crosslinking.Two different silk fibroin molecular weights were characterized and the synergistic effect of the covalent bonds with shear forces enhanced the shift in silk secondary structure towardβ-sheets,thus,rapid stabilization.These hydrogels exhibited good mechanical properties,stability over time,and resistance to enzymatic degradation over 14 days,with no significant changes over time in their secondary structure and swelling behavior.Additionally,adhesion to tissues in vitro was demonstrated.展开更多
Stable aqueous carbon inks,with graphene sheets(GSs)and carbon black(CB)as conductive fillers,are prepared by a simple one-pot ball-milling method.The asprepared composite ink with 10 wt%GSs shows optimized rheologica...Stable aqueous carbon inks,with graphene sheets(GSs)and carbon black(CB)as conductive fillers,are prepared by a simple one-pot ball-milling method.The asprepared composite ink with 10 wt%GSs shows optimized rheological properties(viscosity and thixotropy)for screen printing.The as-printed coatings based on the above ink are uniform and dense on a polyimide substrate,and exhibit a sandwich-type conductive three dimensional network at the microscale.The resistivity of the typical composite coating is as low as 0.23±0.01Ωcm(92±4Ωsq^-1,25μm),which is 30%as that of a pure CB coating(0.77±0.01Ωcm).It is noteworthy that the resistivity decreases to 0.18±0.01Ωcm(72±4Ωsq^-1,25μm)after a further rolling compression.The coating exhibits good mechanical flexibility,and the resistance slightly increases by 12%after 3000 bending cycles.With the CB/GSs composite coatings as a flexible conductor,fascinating luminescent bookmarks and membrane switches were fabricated,demonstrating the tremendous potential of these coatings in the commercial production of flexible electronics and devices.展开更多
基金supported by Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science)(Qian ke he ji chu-ZK2024 YiBan 095)。
文摘In this study,a novel Ca_(2)GaTaO_(6):Sm^(3+)phosphor was developed using the conventional hightemperature solid-phase method.The phase structure and morphology test results of phosphor indicate that the Ca_(2)GaTaO_(6):Sm^(3+)material was successfully synthesized and the Sm^(3+)ions were successfully doped into the host lattice.When utilizing 406 nm excitation,the Ca_(2)GaTaO_(6):Sm^(3+)phosphor has the strongest emission intensity at 599 nm and shows orange-red emission,which is mainly owing to the^(4)G_(5/2)→^(6)H_(7/2)jump of Sm^(3+)ions.For the performance of different concentrations of Sm^(3+)ions,3 mol%performs the best.At this time,concentration quenching occurs,which is most predominantly induced by dipole-dipole(d-d)interactions.In terms of thermal stability,the Ca_(2)GaTaO_(6):Sm^(3+)phosphor shows good properties,with the luminescence intensity at 423 K exhibiting 88.17%of that at 298 K.The white light-emitting diodes(WLEDs)devices prepared using Ca_(2)GaTaO_(6):Sm^(3+):0.03Sm^(3+)phosphor shows warm white light with excellent performance in terms of correlated color temperature and color rendering index(CCT=3642 K,CRI,Ra=93.5).In terms of anticounterfeit inks,the Ca_(2)GaTaO_(6):Sm^(3+)phosphor also shows good potential.These research results show that Ca_(2)GaTaO_(6):Sm^(3+)phosphors have great performance for application in WLEDs and anti-counterfeit inks.
基金supported by the Shenzhen Polytechnic Research Fund(6023310025K)Post-doctoral Later-stage Foundation Project of Shenzhen Polytechnic(6023271017K)Horizontal Technology Development Project(6024260101K).
文摘Quantumdot inks(QDIs)represent an emerging functionalmaterial that integrates nanotechnology and fluid engineering,demonstrating significant application potential in flexible optoelectronics and high-color gamut displays.Their wide applicability is due to a unique quantum confinement effect that enables precise spectral tunability and solution-processable properties.However,the complex fluid dynamics associated with QDIs at micro-/nano-scales severely limit the accuracy of inkjet printing and pattern deposition.This review systematically addresses recent advances in the hydrodynamics of QDIs,establishing scientific mechanisms and key technical breakthroughs from an interdisciplinary perspective.Current research has focused on three optimization directions:(1)regulating ligand structures to enhance colloidal stability,flow consistency,and anti-shear performance while mitigating nanoparticle aggregation;(2)incorporating low-viscosity or high-volatility solvents and surface tension modifiers to modify droplet dynamic characteristics and suppress the“coffee-ring”effect;(3)integrating advanced technologies such as electrohydrodynamic jetting and microfluidic targeted deposition to achieve submicron pattern resolution and high film uniformity,expanding adaptability in flexible electronics,biosensing,and anti-counterfeiting printing.A comparison of current technical routes and critical performance indicators has identified the dominant variables that influence QDI macroscopic/microscopic properties.A comprehensive analytical framework is presented which spans material structure,rheological behavior,manufacturing processes,and functional characteristics.Moreover,a proposed engineering‘structure–parameter–behavior–performance’serves to link core–shell structure,formulation parameters(e.g.,viscosity and surface tension),fluidic behavior(e.g.,shear thinning and Marangoni flow),and device performance(e.g.,resolution and photoluminescence efficiency).The findings provide theoretical support and decision-making guidance for the large-scale application and interdisciplinary expansion of QDIs.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22273117,22273110 and 22090012)。
文摘Luminescent materials that can be reversibly switched by electric field stimulation are attractive since the potential application for optoelectronic devices.Here we report a triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion(TTA-UC)system with electrophoretic response which is developed as the electrophoretic ink.The TTA-UC system consists of an ionic derivative of 9,10-diphenyl anthracene(DPA)as the annihilator and Pt(II)octaethylporphyrin(PtOEP)as the sensitizer.Upon applying an electric field,migration and enrichment of positively charged DPA derivatives towards the cathode results in a 20%enhancement of TTA-UC.A quasi-solid film for electrically writing is made using the electrophoretic TTA system as the ink and a platinum electrode as a pen.The prototype of TTA-UC ink demonstrates unique luminescence functions upon electrically writing and erasing,providing a promising strategy to develop electronic devices for display,information storage and encryption.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51802195)Chen Guang Scholar Project of Shanghai Education Commission(No.19CG53)。
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)functional graphenebased architecture with superior electrical conductivity and good mechanical strength has promising applications in energy storage and electrics.Viscoelasticity-adjustable inks make it possible to achieve desired 3D architectures with interconnected and continuous interior networks by microextrusion printing.In this work,ultra-low-concentration graphene oxide(GO)inks of~15 mg·ml-1 have been obtained and demonstrated in direct 3D printing with a facile cross-linking(direct ink writing).The rheological behavior of the GO strategy by cations,which is the lowest concentration to achieve direct ink writing inks,could be adjusted from 1×10^(4) to 1×10^(5) Pa·s^(-1) with different concentrations of cations due to strong cross-linking networks between GO sheets and cations.Meanwhile,the specific strength and electrical conductivity of 3D-printed graphene architecture are notably enhanced,reaching up to 51.7×10^(3) N·m·kg^(-1)and 119 S·m^(-1),which are superior to conventional graphene aerogels.Furthermore,3D printing graphene-based architecture assembled in micro-superc apacitor exhibits excellent electrochemical performance,which can be ascribed to the effective ion transportation through the interconnected networks.The strategy demonstrated is useful in the design of complex-shaped,graphene-based architectures for scalable manufacturing of practical energy storage applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 51473161,21574130)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No. 2015CB655001)National Key R&D Program of "Strategic Advanced Electronic Materials"(Nos.2016YFB0401301,2016YFB0401100)
文摘Inkjet printing is a new fabricating method that can realize the precise film deposition. For polymer inks, the coil-stretch transition of polymer chains always impacts the ink droplet formation and a beads-on-a string structure filament is formed, thus generating unwanted satellite droplets. This review provides a short introduction of the dynamic process of the droplet formation. Then fluid theological requirements for a printable polymer ink are summarized. Finally the strain hardening phenomenon of polymer chains in the filament formation and its impact on polymer ink-jetting are discussed. The research of viscoelastic polymer inks shows that rheological parameters and viscoelasticity are two key factors that determine the printability of polymer inks.
文摘While the practice of tattooing has existed for thousands of years, it has recently begun growing in popularity in the US. With the increasing prevalence of tattoos, the methods and inks involved in the tattooing process have also developed. Tattoos now use many brightly colored inks, often made using metal-based pigments. There is concern that chemicals may be present in tattoo inks in concentrations that may lead to human health concerns either during application or removal of tattoos. Since exposure to metals has been linked to tremors, liver damage, memory loss, cognitive loss, and even death, there is concern about the prevalence of metals in tattoo inks in general. To this end, a survey of 226 commercial tattoo inks was performed and each ink was analyzed for the presence of heavy metals using two different x-ray methods: Particle Induced X-Ray Emission and Scanning Electron Microscopy/ Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. Fifteen metals were identified in various tattoo inks by these rapid x-ray methods, including chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, barium, and lead. Conclusions can be drawn about the prevalence of metals in some pigment colors and from some brands.
文摘In this work, we study the stability of a class of materials obtained by printing a textile with conductive inks using a method called screen printing. Under the action of a certain external factors, the printed circuit suffers deterioration and the conductivity decreases considerably. In this work, we propose to model the overall damage of the textile sheet in terms of the partial damages of the conductive lines. We also apply this approach to evaluate the damage of a system being made of transmission lines printed into nonwoven substrates using different conductive inks.
文摘This work describes the application of a detailed set of TXRF evaluations to the elemental content of assorted tattoo inks, on the market of the city of Concepcion, Chile. We applied TXRF as a screening method for determining the composition in 3 sets of tattoo inks, in order to establish, from an inorganic point of view, the composition and purity of the samples, evaluating their elemental innocuousness. The analyzed 48 products were freely acquired from on line suppliers. All of them were analyzed by external standard quantification, but in order to inter-compare the results, a 15% of the samples were acidly digested and then quantified by the internal standard method. In the samples we determined: 1) their inorganic quantitative composition and, 2) the possible presence of elements which are potential health hazards. In this study few anomalies were found: 1) The high presence Ti of and W in few samples, 2) Arsenic was found in four of them, and 3) A trace detection of a rare earth element in a particular product. The products studied are almost freely imported from a world open marked, so the questions about their innocuousness could affect not only to the Chilean society.
文摘To reduce the impact of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, popularly known as the Coronavirus, many public health-related rules have been established around the world. Along with social distancing and lockdowns, most countries have mandatory wearing of face masks in public areas to limit the spread of the virus during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, because people are free to choose any method to make their masks, some are being fabricated from materials that can be toxic to the environment and human health. This paper discusses how inks and dyes used in face masks are causing major environmental degradation and health issues in industry workers and the general mask-wearing public. The goal fixed for the present study is to raise the alarm with authorities and decision-makers regarding the toxic nature of some colors (dyes and inks) and fabrics in the masks being worn every day.
文摘ZTE Corporation has signed strategic telecommunications software agreement with two leading providers in Europe and Latin America to optimize its offerings for target customers in
文摘The effect of five dihydric alcohols on the fixation rate and K/S value of reactive dyes on cotton fabrics was investigated.Results show that the more primary hydroxyl groups are contained in the isomeric dihydric alcohols,the greater activity of reacting with the reactive dye.Longer carbon chain also increases the reactivity of dihydric alcohols with reactive dyes.This study provides a theoretical basis for the selection of suitable dihydric alcohols in preparation reactive dye inkjet printing ink.
基金Project(2018GK4015)supported by the Hunan Provincial Strategic Emerging Industry Project,China
文摘Finer nanoplates of silver are prepared by self-assembly on the surface of graphene,and the low-temperature sintered high conductivity ink containing the silver nanoplates is prepared.Most importantly,graphene is added to the solution before the chemical reduction reaction occurs.Firstly,it is found that silver nanoplates have self-assembly phenomenon on the surface of graphene.Secondly,the Ag nano hexagonal platelets(AgNHPs)with small particle sizes(10 nm),narrow distribution and good dispersion are prepared.Especially,smaller sizes(10 nm)and narrower particle size distribution of AgNHPs particles can be easily controlled by using this process.Finally,the conductivity of the ink is excellent.For example,when the printed patterns were sintering at 150℃,the resistivity of the ink(GE:0.15 g/L)reached the minimum value of 2.2×10^-6 cm.And the resistivity value was 3.7×10^-6Ωcm,when it was sintered at 100℃ for 30 min.The conductive ink prepared can be used for the field of printing electronics as ink-jet printing ink.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)of the Republic of Korea(Nos.2020R1C1C1003214,2021M3H_(4)A3A01063605,2021R1A4A3024237,and 2020R1C1C1012256).
文摘Colloidal quantum dots(CQDs)are promising semiconducting materials,which can be used as a photoactive layer in various optoelectronic applications,because of their size-tunable bandgap energy,solution processability,and excellent optical and optoelectronic properties.In particular,these features have generated great interest in the development of CQD solar cells and led to a rapid increase in their power conversion efficiency.These improvements were enabled by many innovative approaches in terms of CQD’s surface chemistry and device architecture optimizations.In this review,a critical overview of the research progress in CQD solar cells is presented with a focus on the strategies adopted for achieving record efficiency in CQD solar cells.These strategies include the use of organic/inorganic surface ligands,pre-and post-treatment of CQDs,and solid-state/solution-phase ligand exchange.Additionally,we provide an understanding of the research history to inspire the rational design of next-generation CQD optoelectronic devices,such as solar cells,light-emitting diodes,and photodetectors.Recent research on the development of infrared CQD solar cells as complementary platforms to other solar cell technologies is also critically discussed to provide another perspective on CQD technologies.
文摘Precursor (Metal-organic decomposition (MOD)) inks are used to fabricate 2D and 3D printed conductive structures directly onto a substrate. By formulating a nanoalloy structure containing multiple metals, the opportunity to modify chemical and physical properties exists. In this paper, a copper-nickel bimetallic nanoalloy film was fabricated by mixing copper and nickel precursor inks and sintering them in vacuum. The individual elemental inks were formulated and characterized using SEM, EDS, and XRD. During thermal processing, elemental copper forms first and is followed by the formation of bimetallic copper-nickel alloy. The encapsulation of the underlying copper by the nickel-rich alloy provides excellent oxidation resistance. No change in film resistance was observed after the film was exposed to an oxygen plasma. Nanoalloy films printed using reactive metallic inks have a variety of important applications involving local control of alloy composition. Examples include facile formation of layered nanostructures, and electrical conductivity with oxidative stability.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFE0110300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52372215)+4 种基金the Special Fund for the“Dual Carbon”Science and Technology Innovation of Jiangsu province(Industrial Prospect and Key Technology Research program)(Nos.BE2022023,BE2022021)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.21KJA430004)Gusu Innovation and Entrepreneurship Leading Talent Program(No.ZXL2022451)supported by Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nano&Soft Materials,Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science&Technologythe 111 Project.Y.L.thanks the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX23_3241)for financial support.J.Y.X.thanks the support of Hui-Chun Chin and Tsung-Dao Lee Chinese Undergraduate Research Endowment(CURE).
文摘The direct synthesis of semi-conductive quantum dot(QD)inks coordinated by inorganic ions in polar phases presents potential advantages such as low cost and scalability,making it an ideal approach for realizing QDs-based optoelectronic applications.However,the weak repulsive forces between QDs coordinated by inorganic ions can easily lead to agglomeration,significantly limiting size control during the synthesis process.Distinct from the traditional high-temperature injection and low-temperature growth strategy used in the synthesis of QDs with long-chain organic ligands,we discover that low-temperature injection nucleation and high-temperature growth is an effective strategy to achieve controllable tuning of reactive monomers and ligand ions in the direct synthesis system of inorganic ion-liganded QD inks,which in turn realizes the scalable,low-cost,and direct synthesis of uniform and size-tunable short-wavelength infrared(SWIR)PbS QD inks.The yield of single synthesis can be more than 10 g.Compared with the traditional ligand exchange method,the yield is improved by nearly 3 times and the cost is reduced to 7 times.Finally,the solar cell devices fabricated using these PbS SWIR QD inks achieved a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of approaching 9%,confirming the excellent optoelectronic performance of the synthesized PbS QD materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22101257 and 52103189)Foundation of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Shengzhou Innovation Research Institute(No.SYY2024B000001).
文摘Rare earth nanomaterials exhibit remarkable characteristics,including real-time responsiveness,luminescence stability,and multicolor emission capabilities.Herein,NaYbF_(4):x%Tb,y%Eu@NaYF_(4)core-shell structured nanoparticles(CSNP)were synthesized with distinct fluorescence under both ultraviolet(UV)and near-infrared(NIR)excitation.It can be uniformly mixed with a transparent ink solution and loaded into ink cartridges to print customized graphics on copy papers.The graphics cannot be recognized under normal visible light,and the concealed information with high resolution can only be exposed under specific excitation light.Combining with cryptography,it facilitates the implementation of advanced information encryption techniques.Consequently,the innovative fluorescent ink materials hold significant promise for enhancing anti-counterfeiting and information encryption.
文摘Background:Using a comprehensive approach that combines Thin Layer Chromatography(TLC),UV-visible spectroscopy,and Adobe Photoshop image manipulation,this study aims to authenticate and identify Gen gel pens.Aim and Objectives:The principal objective is to describe gel pen ink compositions and develop an authentication process for them.Thirty gel pen ink samples total-ten of each for the colors red,black,and blue-are the subject of the study.Goals include applying Adobe Photoshop for improved visual differentiation and using TLC and UV-visible spectroscopy for preliminary characterization.Materials and Methods:To characterize the compositions of thirty gel pen ink samples,Thin Layer Chromatography and UV-visible spectroscopy were applied.To improve the visuals,images were turned upside down and their brightness was changed using Adobe Photoshop.Gel pen ink matching was tested in a blind trial that combined analytical findings with Photoshop-enhanced visual differentiation.Results:76%of samples could be distinguished clearly,according to analytical data,and 40%of samples showed UV absorption at 237.5 nm regardless of the colour of the ink.Remarkably,on the UV Visible Spectrum,76.6%showed distinct peaks.A major factor in the ability to visually distinguish ink samples was Adobe Photoshop.Different ink samples could be identified using UV-visible spectroscopy peak variations;23.3%of the samples showed nonspecific peak patterns that could be seen in photos that had been Photoshopped.Conclusion:The combined findings provide insightful information about gel pen ink differentiation and suggest a possible approach for model identification and authentication.This method combines Adobe Photoshop image manipulation with analytical methods like TLC and UV-visible spectroscopy.
基金funding from the Italian Ministry for Education,University,and Research(MIUR)within the program“Departments of Excellence”2018-2022(DII-UNITN)from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no.101008041.the NIH(P41EB027062)for support of this work.
文摘The shortage of tissues and organs for transplantation is an urgent clinical concern.In situ 3D printing is an advanced 3D printing technique aimed at printing the new tissue or organ directly in the patient.The ink for this process is central to the outcomes,and must meet specific requirements such as rapid gelation,shape integrity,stability over time,and adhesion to surrounding healthy tissues.Among natural materials,silk fibroin exhibits fascinating properties that have made it widely studied in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.However,further improvements in silk fibroin inks are needed to match the requirements for in situ 3D printing.In the present study,silk fibroin-based inks were developed for in situ applications by exploiting covalent crosslinking process consisting of a pre-photo-crosslinking prior to printing and in situ enzymatic crosslinking.Two different silk fibroin molecular weights were characterized and the synergistic effect of the covalent bonds with shear forces enhanced the shift in silk secondary structure towardβ-sheets,thus,rapid stabilization.These hydrogels exhibited good mechanical properties,stability over time,and resistance to enzymatic degradation over 14 days,with no significant changes over time in their secondary structure and swelling behavior.Additionally,adhesion to tissues in vitro was demonstrated.
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Key Project of Shanxi Province (MC2016-04 and MC2016-08)Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (201801D221156)+2 种基金DNL Cooperation Fund of CAS (DNL180308)Science and Technology Service Network Initiative of CAS (KFJ-STS-ZDTP-068)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS
文摘Stable aqueous carbon inks,with graphene sheets(GSs)and carbon black(CB)as conductive fillers,are prepared by a simple one-pot ball-milling method.The asprepared composite ink with 10 wt%GSs shows optimized rheological properties(viscosity and thixotropy)for screen printing.The as-printed coatings based on the above ink are uniform and dense on a polyimide substrate,and exhibit a sandwich-type conductive three dimensional network at the microscale.The resistivity of the typical composite coating is as low as 0.23±0.01Ωcm(92±4Ωsq^-1,25μm),which is 30%as that of a pure CB coating(0.77±0.01Ωcm).It is noteworthy that the resistivity decreases to 0.18±0.01Ωcm(72±4Ωsq^-1,25μm)after a further rolling compression.The coating exhibits good mechanical flexibility,and the resistance slightly increases by 12%after 3000 bending cycles.With the CB/GSs composite coatings as a flexible conductor,fascinating luminescent bookmarks and membrane switches were fabricated,demonstrating the tremendous potential of these coatings in the commercial production of flexible electronics and devices.
