Using natural gas(NG)as the primary fuel helps alleviate the fossil fuel crisis while reducing engine soot and nitrogen oxide(NO_(X))emissions.In this paper,the influences of a novel split injection concept on an NG h...Using natural gas(NG)as the primary fuel helps alleviate the fossil fuel crisis while reducing engine soot and nitrogen oxide(NO_(X))emissions.In this paper,the influences of a novel split injection concept on an NG high pressure direct injection(HPDI)engine are examined.Four typical split injection strategies,namely split pre-injection of pilot diesel(PD)and NG,split post-injection of PD and NG,split pre-injection of NG,and split post-injection of PD,were developed to investigate the influences on combustion and emissions.Results revealed that split pre injection of NG enhanced the atomization of PD,whereas the split post-injection of NG lowered the temperature in the core region of the PD spray,resulting in the deterioration of combustion.The effect of the split injection strategy on indicated thermal efficiency exceeded 7.5%.Split pre-injection was favorable to enhancing thermal efficiency,whereas split post-injection was not.Ignition delay,combustion duration,and premixed combustion time proportion were affected by injection strategies by 3.8%,50%,and 19.7%,respectively.Split pre-injection increased CH_(4) emission in the exhaust.Split post-injection,especially split post-injection of PD and NG,reduced the unburned CH_(4) emission by approximately 30%.When the split post-injection ratio was less than 30%,the trade-off between NO_(X) and soot was interrupted.The distribution range of hydroxyl radicals was expanded by pre-injection,and NO_(X) was generated in the region where the NG jet hit the wall.This paper provides valuable insights into the optimization of HPDI injection parameters.展开更多
BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis(OA)is a degenerative joint disease traditionally viewed through the lens of cartilage degradation.However,emerging evidence positions subchondral bone pathology-particularly bone marrow ...BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis(OA)is a degenerative joint disease traditionally viewed through the lens of cartilage degradation.However,emerging evidence positions subchondral bone pathology-particularly bone marrow lesions(BMLs)-as a key contributor to pain,progression,and structural deterioration.Mesenchymal stem cell exhaustion within the osteoarthritic subchondral zone further impairs intrinsic repair mechanisms,reinforcing the rationale for biologic interventions.AIM To evaluate the clinical efficacy of bone marrow aspirate concentrate(BMAC)therapy for knee OA,comparing subchondral vs intra-articular delivery routes,and elucidating the therapeutic impact on symptom relief and structural preservation.METHODS Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines,five clinical studies were included-comprising three randomized controlled trials and two prospective cohorts-with pooled data from 298 knees.Data on functional outcomes,imaging findings,and progression to total knee arthroplasty(TKA)were extracted and qualitatively synthesized.RESULTS Subchondral BMAC injections demonstrated superior improvements compared to intra-articular injection or placebo:Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score improved from 49.1±1.9 to 61.2±6.3 at 12 months(P<0.05),Knee Society Score increased from 57±12 to 87.3±12 at two years,and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index scores showed significant improvement favoring combined approaches.Magnetic resonance imaging analyses revealed mean BML volume regression of 2.1 cm3,with 80%of knees avoiding TKA over 13-year follow-up.Magnetic resonance imaging analyses revealed regression of BMLs and increased cartilage preservation in subchondral-treated knees.Long-term data indicated delayed progression to TKA and biomechanical improvements(e.g.,Hip-Knee-Ankle angle correction).No major adverse events were reported.CONCLUSION Targeting subchondral bone with BMAC addresses underlying OA pathology and may offer disease-modifying potential beyond symptom relief.These findings support a paradigm shift toward whole-joint biologic therapy,positioning the subchondral matrix as a therapeutic epicenter in OA management.展开更多
Wen-lin Gong1,Chuang Sha2,Gang Du1,Zhong-gui Shan3,Zhong-quan Qi3,Su-fang Zhou1,Nuo Yang1,4,Yong-xiang Zhao1,4.First published:21 June 2017;10(5):454-460.DOI:10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.05.004 The authors would like to corre...Wen-lin Gong1,Chuang Sha2,Gang Du1,Zhong-gui Shan3,Zhong-quan Qi3,Su-fang Zhou1,Nuo Yang1,4,Yong-xiang Zhao1,4.First published:21 June 2017;10(5):454-460.DOI:10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.05.004 The authors would like to correct an error in Figure 3 in which the flow cytometric scattergram of CD4/CD44 for the control group was erroneously used for the scattergram of CD8/CD44 for the PVIDSC group.The correct scattergram of CD8/CD44 for the PVIDSC group is provided below.The error does not affect the conclusion of the study.The authors apologize for the error and the inconvenience it might have caused to readers.展开更多
The long-term stability of CO_(2) storage represents a pivotal challenge in geological CO_(2) storage(CGS),particularly within deep saline aquifers characterized by complex fault-block systems.While the injection site...The long-term stability of CO_(2) storage represents a pivotal challenge in geological CO_(2) storage(CGS),particularly within deep saline aquifers characterized by complex fault-block systems.While the injection sites and rate under different fault structures will directly affect the CO_(2) storage effect and the risk of leakage.This study investigates the Gaoyou Sag in the Subei Basin,a representative fault-block reservoir,through an integrated numerical-experimental approach.A three-dimensional simulation model incorporating multiphase flow dynamics was developed to characterize subsurface CO_(2) transport and dissolution processes.A novel fault seal capacity evaluation framework was proposed,integrating three critical geological indices(fault throw/reservoir thickness/caprock thicknesses)with the coupling of formation physical properties,temperature,and pressure for the rational selection of injection sites and rates.The results show that Optimal storage performance is observed when the fault throw is lower than the reservoir and caprock thicknesses.Furthermore,higher temperature and pressure promote the dissolution and diffusion of CO_(2),while compared to the structural form of faults,the physical properties of faults have a more significant effect on CO_(2) leakage.The larger reservoir space and the presence of an interlayer reduce the risk of CO_(2) leakage,and augmenting storage potential.Decreasing the injection rate increases the proportion of dissolved CO_(2),thereby enhancing the safety of CO_(2) storage.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the impact of administration routes in establishing the Adriamycin(ADR)-induced chronic kidney disease(CKD)model.Using BALB/c mice,we compared the effects of conventional tail-vein inje...This study aimed to investigate the impact of administration routes in establishing the Adriamycin(ADR)-induced chronic kidney disease(CKD)model.Using BALB/c mice,we compared the effects of conventional tail-vein injection(TV10,10 mg/kg)to those of retro-orbital sinus(orbital vein)injection(OV10,10 mg/kg;OV8,8 mg/kg).The re-sults indicated that the OV10 group exhibited CKD pathology similar to the TV10 group,with both groups demonstrating significantly higher urinary albumin/creatinine ratio(p<0.05),tubular injury(p<0.05),and degree of renal fibrosis(p<0.05)than the OV8 group.No significant differences were observed between the OV10 and TV10 groups in urinary albumin/creatinine ratio,tubular injury,and degree of renal fibrosis.These findings demonstrated that retro-orbital administration of 10 mg/kg ADR in-duces comparable effects to conventional tail-vein administration.This technique's technical simplicity may improve experimental efficiency,reproducibility,and animal welfare in CKD research.In conclusion,this study validates the utility of retro-orbital injection in CKD model establishment,demonstrating its potential to standardize and improve the reliability of future CKD research protocols.展开更多
The occurrence time and magnitude of injection-induced seismicity are influenced by engineering factors,such as wellhead pressure,injection location,injection volume,and injection rate.Understanding the relationship b...The occurrence time and magnitude of injection-induced seismicity are influenced by engineering factors,such as wellhead pressure,injection location,injection volume,and injection rate.Understanding the relationship between injection operations and seismic magnitude is of great significance for optimizing industrial production and reducing earthquake disasters.Numerical simulation of hydromechanical coupling is a crucial method for studying injection-induced seismicity.However,few studies have explored the risk management measures for injection-induced seismicity from the perspective of engineering.How seismic magnitudes can be reduced through reasonable adjustments to injection operations in engineering remains unclear.Therefore,in this study,a 3D hydro-mechanical coupling model involving multiple faults and injection wells was established based on the geological background and well location of Fox Creek,Canada.Different injection schemes under multi-well and multi-fault conditions were studied,and a traffic light system was used to simulate and control the magnitudes under a multi-well injection scheme.Specifically,we simulated injection scenarios involving up to three wells and analyzed the response of five faults.We compared the maximum moment magnitude of different scenarios by controlling the same injection volume.The results revealed the effect and advantage of the multi-well scheme in reducing seismic magnitude.To reduce the risk of induced seismicity,utilizing far-fault operational wells to compensate for the effects of near-fault operational wells proves to be an efficient and cost-effective method,with potential for wide practical applications.展开更多
This study aims to understand the effect of injection rate on injection-induced fracture activation in granite.We performed water injection-induced slip tests on samples containing either a smooth or a rough fracture ...This study aims to understand the effect of injection rate on injection-induced fracture activation in granite.We performed water injection-induced slip tests on samples containing either a smooth or a rough fracture at four different injection rates under undrained conditions and monitored the acoustic emission(AE)signals during the tests.Experimental results reveal that the critical activation fluid pressure is related to the injection rate,pressure diffusion rate,stress state,and fracture roughness.For the smooth fracture,as the injection rate increases,the critical activation fluid pressure increases significantly,while the injection rate has little effect on the critical activation fluid pressure of the rough fracture.The quasi-static slip distance of fractures decreases as the injection rate increases,with rough fractures exhibiting a greater overall slip distance compared to smooth fractures.The number of AE events per unit sliding distance increases with the injection rate,while the global b value decreases.These results indicate that higher injection rates produce more large-magnitude AE events and more severe slip instability and asperity damage.We established a linkage between fluid injection volume,injection rate,and AE events using the seismogenic index(Σ).The smooth fracture exhibits a steadily increasingΣwith the elapse of injection time,and the rate of increase is higher at higher injection rates;while the rough fracture is featured by a fluctuatingΣ,signifying the intermittent occurrence of large-magnitude AE events associated with the damage of larger fracture asperities.Our results highlight the importance of fracture surface heterogeneity on injection-induced fracture activation and slip.展开更多
BACKGROUND A total of 100 patients diagnosed with mixed hemorrhoids from October 2022 to September 2023 in our hospital were randomly divided into groups by dice rolling and compared with the efficacy of different tre...BACKGROUND A total of 100 patients diagnosed with mixed hemorrhoids from October 2022 to September 2023 in our hospital were randomly divided into groups by dice rolling and compared with the efficacy of different treatment options.AIM To analyze the clinical effect and prognosis of mixed hemorrhoids treated with polidocanol injection combined with automatic elastic thread ligation operation(RPH).METHODS A total of 100 patients with mixed hemorrhoids who visited our hospital from October 2022 to September 2023 were selected and randomly divided into the control group(n=50)and the treatment group(n=50)by rolling the dice.The procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids(PPH)was adopted in the control group,while polidocanol foam injection+RPH was adopted in the treatment group.The therapeutic effects,operation time,wound healing time,hospital stay,pain situation(24 hours post-operative pain score,first defecation pain score),quality of life(QOL),incidence of complications(post-operative hemorrhage,edema,infection),incidence of anal stenosis 3 months post-operatively and recurrence rate 1 year post-operatively of the two groups were compared.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the total effective rate of treatment group was higher,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).The operation time/wound healing time/hospital stay in the treatment group were shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05).The pain scores at 24 hours after operation/first defecation pain score of the treatment group was significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).After surgery,the QOL scores of the two groups decreased,with the treatment group having higher scores than that of the control group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the incidence of postoperative complications in the treatment group was lower,and the difference was significant(P<0.05);However,there was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative bleeding between the two groups(P>0.05);There was no significant difference in the incidence of anal stenosis 3 months after operation and the recurrence rate 1 year after operation between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION For patients with mixed hemorrhoids,the therapeutic effect achieved by using polidocanol injection combined with RPH was better.The wounds of the patients healed faster,the postoperative pain was milder,QOL improved,and the incidence of complications was lower,and the short-term and long-term prognosis was good.展开更多
Hydrogen displays the potential to partially replace pulverized coal injection(PCI)in the blast furnace,and it can reduce CO_(2)emissions.In this paper,a three-dimensional mathematical model of hydrogen and pulverized...Hydrogen displays the potential to partially replace pulverized coal injection(PCI)in the blast furnace,and it can reduce CO_(2)emissions.In this paper,a three-dimensional mathematical model of hydrogen and pulverized coal co-injection in blast furnace tuyere was established through numerical simulation,and the effect of hydrogen injection and oxygen enrichment interaction on pulverized coal combustion and raceway smelting was investigated.The simulation results indicate that when the coal injection rate decreased from 36 to 30t/h and the hydrogen injection increased from 0 to 3600 m^(3)/h,the CO_(2)emissions decreased from 1860 to 1551 kg/t,which represents a16.6%reduction,and the pulverized coal burnout decreased from 70.1%to 63.7%.The heat released from hydrogen combustion can not only promote the volatilization of pulverized coal but also affect the combustion reaction between volatilization and oxygen,which resulted in a decrease in the temperature at the end of the raceway.Co-injection of hydrogen with PCI increased the wall temperature near the upper half part of the raceway and at the outlet of the tuyere,which required a high cooling efficiency to extend the service life of the blast furnace.The increase in oxygen level compensated for the decreased average temperature in the raceway due to hydrogen injection.The increase in the oxygen content by 3%while maintaining constant hydrogen and PCI injection rates increased the burnout and average raceway temperature by 4.2%and 43 K,respectively.The mole fraction of CO and H_(2) production increased by 0.04 and 0.02,respectively.Burnout can be improved through optimization of the particle size distribution of pulverized coal.展开更多
BACKGROUND Although gastroscopy is a commonly used diagnostic and therapeutic technique,postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction is prone to occur.Traditional Chinese medicine theory suggests that postoperative gast...BACKGROUND Although gastroscopy is a commonly used diagnostic and therapeutic technique,postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction is prone to occur.Traditional Chinese medicine theory suggests that postoperative gastrointestinal disorders are related to spleen and stomach weakness.This study hypothesizes that the combination of acupoint application at the Ziwu Liuzhu acupoint and percutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation can promote postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery and alleviate stress reactions.AIM To investigate the effects of acupoint application of Ziwu Liuzhu combined with percutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation on postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery and stress response in patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy surgery.METHODS A total of 120 patients who underwent gastroscopy surgery were selected and treated between October 2024 and January 2025.This study used a stratified block randomization method,and then allocated groups using computer-generated random number sequences(SAS 9.4 software).The groups were divided into two groups:A control group of 60 patients who received routine postoperative intervention measures,and an observation group of 60 patients who received acupuncture point application combined with transcutaneous acupoint electrical CONCLUSION The combination of percutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation in gastroscopy patients has been demonstrated to be both highly safe and effective.The benefits of this approach include the promotion of postoperative gastrointestinal function,the reduction of stress response,the attainment of optimal results,and the enhancement of patient satisfaction.展开更多
This study proposes and systematically evaluates an optimized integration of warm surface seawater injection with depressurization for the long-term exploitation of marine natural gas hydrates.By employing comprehensi...This study proposes and systematically evaluates an optimized integration of warm surface seawater injection with depressurization for the long-term exploitation of marine natural gas hydrates.By employing comprehensive multiphysics simulations guided by field data from hydrate production tests in the South China Sea,we pinpoint key operational parameters—such as injection rates,depths,and timings—that notably enhance production efficiency.The results indicate that a 3-phase hydrate reservoir transitions from a free-gas-dominated production stage to a hydrate-decomposition-dominated stage.Moderate warm seawater injection supplies additional heat during the hydrate decomposition phase,thereby enhancing stable production;however,excessively high injection rates can impede the depressurization process.Only injection at an appropriate depth simultaneously balances thermal supplementation and the pressure gradient,leading to higher overall productivity.A“depressurization-driven sensible-heat supply window”is introduced,highlighting that timely seawater injection following initial depressurization prolongs reservoir dissociation dynamics.In this study area,commencing seawater injection at 170 d of depressurization proved optimal.This optimized integration leverages clean and renewable thermal energy,providing essential insights into thermal supplementation strategies with significant implications for sustainable,economically feasible,and efficient commercial-scale hydrate production.展开更多
During high-speed rotation,the surface of aeronautic spiral bevel gears will generate significant pressure and viscous forces,which will cause a certain amount of windage power loss and reduce the efficiency of the tr...During high-speed rotation,the surface of aeronautic spiral bevel gears will generate significant pressure and viscous forces,which will cause a certain amount of windage power loss and reduce the efficiency of the transmission system.Based on the computational fluid dynamics,this paper analyzes the windage power loss of a single spiral bevel gear and a spiral bevel gear pair under oil injection lubrication.In addition,the shroud is used to suppress gear windage loss,and the clearance size and opening angle of the designed shroud are optimized.Finally,by comparing and analyzing the experimental results,the following conclusions were obtained:(1)For a single gear,the speed is the most important factor affecting windage loss,followed by the hand of spiral,and rotation direction;(2)For gear pairs,under oil injection lubrication,the input speed has the greatest impact on windage power loss,followed by the influence of oil injection port speed,temperature and oil injection port pressure;(3)Installing a shroud is an effective method to reduce windage power loss;(4)In the pure air phase,the smaller the clearance between the shroud and the gear surface,and the smaller the radial direction between the shroud and the shaft,the better the effect of reducing windage;(5)In the two-phase flow of oil and gas,it is necessary to design oil drainage holes on the shroud to ensure the smooth discharge of lubricating oil and improve the drag reduction effect.展开更多
In the scenario of a steam generator tube rupture accident in a lead-cooled fast reactor,secondary circuit subcooled water under high pressure is injected into an ordinary-pressure primary vessel,where a molten lead-b...In the scenario of a steam generator tube rupture accident in a lead-cooled fast reactor,secondary circuit subcooled water under high pressure is injected into an ordinary-pressure primary vessel,where a molten lead-based alloy(typically pure lead or lead-bismuth eutectic(LBE))is used as the coolant.To clarify the pressure build-up characteristics under water-jet injection,this study conducted several experiments by injecting pressurized water into a molten LBE pool at Sun Yat-sen University.To obtain a further understanding,several new experimental parameters were adopted,including the melt temperature,water subcooling,injection pressure,injection duration,and nozzle diameter.Through detailed analyses,it was found that the pressure and temperature during the water-melt interaction exhibited a consistent variation trend with our previous water-droplet injection mode LBE experiment.Similarly,the existence of a steam explosion was confirmed,which typically results in a much stronger pressure build-up.For the non-explosion cases,increasing the injection pressure,melt-pool temperature,nozzle diameter,and water subcooling promoted pressure build-up in the melt pool.However,a limited enhancement effect was observed when increasing the injection duration,which may be owing to the continually rising pressure in the interaction vessel or the isolation effect of the generated steam cavity.Regardless of whether a steam explosion occurred,the calculated mechanical and kinetic energy conversion efficiencies of the melt were relatively small(not exceeding 4.1%and 0.7%,respectively).Moreover,the range of the conversion efficiency was similar to that of previous water-droplet experiments,although the upper limit of the jet mode was slightly lower.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intramuscular corticosteroid injection may cause adverse effects such as dermal and/or subcutaneous atrophy,alopecia,hypopigmentation,and hyperpigmentation.Although cutaneous atrophy can spontaneously resol...BACKGROUND Intramuscular corticosteroid injection may cause adverse effects such as dermal and/or subcutaneous atrophy,alopecia,hypopigmentation,and hyperpigmentation.Although cutaneous atrophy can spontaneously resolve,several treatment options have been suggested for this condition.CASE SUMMARY In this paper,we report a case of corticosteroid injection induced lipoatrophy treated with autologous whole blood(AWB)injection,as the condition had been unresponsive to fractional laser therapy.A 29-year-old female patient visited the dermatology clinic complaining of skin depression on her right buttock area,which had appeared six months earlier.There had been only subtle improvement at the margins after fractional CO_(2) laser treatment;therefore,after obtaining informed consent from the patient,AWB treatment was initiated.One month after the first AWB injection,the size and depth of the lesion had noticeably improved,and a slight improvement was also observed in discoloration.CONCLUSION Close observation is the initial treatment of choice for steroid induced skin atrophy;however,for patients in need of immediate cosmetic improvement,AWB injection may be a safe and cost-effective alternative.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of acupoint injection therapy for paralysis of oculomotor nerve with Chinese herbal medicines. Methods A total number of 456 patients from 3 centers with paralysis of oculomot...Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of acupoint injection therapy for paralysis of oculomotor nerve with Chinese herbal medicines. Methods A total number of 456 patients from 3 centers with paralysis of oculomotor nerve were randomly divided into an acupoint injection group and a control group with 228 cases each. Patients in the acupoint injection group were treated with injection of Chinese herbal medicines to Jingming （晴明 BL 1）, Yangbai （阳白GB 14}, Sibai （四白 ST 24 Tongziliao （瞳子髎 GB I） on the affected side, and Ganshu （肝俞 BL 18） on both sides, Compound Angelica Injection was the main drug, and the corresponding acupoints and other injection drugs were also used according to differentiation of syndrome. Patients in the control group were treated with common western medicine. The treatment was given once a day, 10 times constituted one course with 3 days of interval. After 3 courses, the effect was assessed. TCM syndrome score, eyeball movement degree, the sizes of oculi rimae and pupil of the two groups were recorded before and after treatment. Results The effective rate of acupoint injection group was 91.7% （209/228）, and that of the control group was 73.6% （168/228）. There was statistical significance in comparing the difference between the two groups （P〈0.05）. TCM syndrome scores of the two groups after the treatment became less obviously than those before the treatment （P〈0.01, P〈0.05）, the score of acupoint injection group was more reduced than that of the control group （P〈0.05）. Eyeball movement degree and oculi rimae were enlarged and the pupil reduced in the affected eye in both groups after the treatment Call P〈0.05）. The musculus rectus medialis for the eyeball movement in the acupoint injection group was more improved than that of the control group, and the oculi rimae was bigger in the acupoint injection group than that in the control group （both P〈0.05）. Conclusion Acupoint injection therapy with Chinese herbal medicines has assured effect on the treatment of oculomotor paralysis.展开更多
Fuel injection timing is an important control parameter for engine combustion optimization and emissions control. However, the actual fuel injection timing is different from the nominal one commanded by the electronic...Fuel injection timing is an important control parameter for engine combustion optimization and emissions control. However, the actual fuel injection timing is different from the nominal one commanded by the electronic control unit, due to the system hydraulic lag or the possible communication malfunction. In this study,a simple estimate approach based on the injector inlet pressure is proposed to capture four critical characteristic instants at the start and end of injection. The critical characteristic moments estimated using this pressure-based approach are validated against those determined by the actual injection rate profiles, in the context of different single or split injection processes. The comparison revealed that the characteristic injection moments estimated by the injector inlet pressures and those determined by the actual injection rate profiles have a satisfactory agreement, certifying the broad applicability and reliability of this pressure-based approach in the detection of the real fuel injection start and end time.展开更多
[Objectives]To observe the clinical efficacy of external application of Scorzonera Herpes Ointment combined with Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate for Injection in the treatment of herpes zoster oticus(HZO).[Methods...[Objectives]To observe the clinical efficacy of external application of Scorzonera Herpes Ointment combined with Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate for Injection in the treatment of herpes zoster oticus(HZO).[Methods]A total of 100 HZO patients admitted to the 988 th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force and Henan Provincial People's Hospital from June 2021 to June 2023 were selected.They were divided into a treatment group and a control group using a random number table method,with 50 cases in each group.Both groups received Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate for Injection.Additionally,the treatment group was treated with external application of Scorzonera Herpes Ointment,while the control group received acyclovir ointment.Both groups were treated for 10 d.The comparisons included clinical efficacy,total symptom and sign scores,pain level[Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)],time for erythema reduction,cessation of blister formation,scab formation,and scab shedding,incidence of post-herpetic neuralgia(PHN),air conduction hearing threshold,and air-bone gap.[Results]After 10 d of treatment,the total effective rate was 98.00%(49/50)in the treatment group and 84.00%(42/50)in the control group,with a statistically significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05).After 10 d of treatment,the total symptom and sign scores and VAS scores of both groups decreased compared to those before treatment.The treatment group had significantly lower scores than the control group(P<0.05).The treatment group showed significantly shorter time for erythema reduction,cessation of blister formation,scab formation,and scab shedding compared to the control group(P<0.05).During the 1-month follow-up after treatment,no PHN cases occurred in the treatment group,while the incidence of PHN in the control group was 24.00%(12/50),showing a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).After 10 d of treatment,both groups showed reduced air conduction hearing thresholds,and the treatment group exhibited significantly lower air conduction thresholds and air-bone gaps compared to the control group(P<0.05).No statistically significant difference was observed in the air-bone gap before and after treatment in the control group(P>0.05).[Conclusions]The combination of external application of Scorzonera Herpes Ointment and Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate for Injection can alleviate pain and other discomforts,reduce PHN incidence,shorten disease duration,and improve hearing in HZO patients.展开更多
The kerosene-fueled Scramjet with multi-cavity combustor has the potential to serve aspropulsion system for hypersonic flight.However,the impact of injection positions on combustionperformance and mechanism at high Ma...The kerosene-fueled Scramjet with multi-cavity combustor has the potential to serve aspropulsion system for hypersonic flight.However,the impact of injection positions on combustionperformance and mechanism at high Mach numbers remains uncertain.Therefore,a comparativestudy was conducted using numerical methods to explore multi-cavity Scramjet combustor perfor-mance at a flight Mach number 7.0 with different injection positions.The combustor is equippedwith 6 cavities arranged in three groups along the flow direction,each consisting of two cavities per-pendicular to the flow.It is shown that the injection location significantly influences combustionperformance:Front-injection yields higher combustion efficiency than post-injection,but post-injection is advantageous for the intake start.Additionally,regardless of injection positions,themainstream flow state near the cavities behind the injection can be categorized as supersonic flow,supersonic-subsonic coexistence flow,and subsonic flow.The optimal length from the downstreamto the trailing edge of the cavities behind the injection for achieving maximum combustion effi-ciency is determined.Further extension beyond this optimal length does not significantly increasethe combustion efficiency.In addition,the optimal length varies with different injection positions-specifically,it is about 60%longer with post-injection conditions than with front-injection con-ditions in this investigation.Moreover,significant secondary combustion within the cavities leadingto improved efficiency only occurs when mainstream flow state is either supersonic flow orsupersonic-subsonic coexistence flow.Also,with a well-optimized design,the kerosene-fueledmulti-cavity Scramjet can achieve enhanced combustion efficiency,which shows relatively smallvariation across a wide range of equivalence ratios.This might be caused by the effects of interac-tion among these multiple cavities.Therefore,these research findings can provide valuable insightsfor designing and optimizing the kerosene-fueled multi-cavity combustor in Scramjet at high Machnumbers.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the clinical efficacy of duloxetine combined with ozone pain point injection for the treatment of fibromyalgia(FM)and assess the effects of this combination therapy on pain,depression,and sl...[Objectives]To investigate the clinical efficacy of duloxetine combined with ozone pain point injection for the treatment of fibromyalgia(FM)and assess the effects of this combination therapy on pain,depression,and sleep disorders.[Methods]A randomized controlled crossover design was employed in this study.Sixty inpatients diagnosed with FM were allocated into three groups:the duloxetine group,the ozone group,and the combination therapy group,with each group consisting of 20 participants.The treatment duration was set at 4 weeks.The Visual Analogue Scale(VAS),the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire(FIQ),the Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),and the number of tender points were assessed prior to treatment,2 weeks post treatment,and 4 weeks post treatment.[Results]There were no statistically significant differences in various indicators among the three groups of patients prior to treatment.Following treatment,the VAS,FIQ,HAMD,PSQI,and the number of tender points in all three groups exhibited significant improvements(P<0.05).Notably,the combination therapy group demonstrated the most substantial reductions in each score,surpassing the improvements observed in the single application group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Duloxetine combined with ozone pain point injection demonstrates a synergistic effect in alleviating pain,reducing depression,and enhancing sleep quality in patients with FM.This combination therapy exhibits superior efficacy compared to monotherapy and holds significant potential for clinical application.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intra-articular hip injections(IAHIs)are commonly used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes but are often associated with patient anxiety and fear.The disparity between anticipated and experienced pain d...BACKGROUND Intra-articular hip injections(IAHIs)are commonly used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes but are often associated with patient anxiety and fear.The disparity between anticipated and experienced pain during IAHIs and the role of preinjection local anesthesia in pain modulation remains unclear.AIM To investigate the difference between anticipated and experienced pain during IAHIs and the impact of pre-injection local anesthesia.METHODS This prospective study enrolled 60 patients undergoing IAHI,30 receiving pre-injection superficial local anesthesia and 30 serving as a control group without pre-injection local anesthesia.Pain levels were assessed using numeric rating scales.RESULTS Patients significantly overestimated anticipated pain compared to experienced pain(6.43±2.48 vs 3.68±2.37,P<0.001).Pre-injection local anesthesia did not significantly reduce experienced pain(3.19±2.38 vs 4.20±2.29,P=0.130).CONCLUSION Patients overestimate anticipated pain during IAHIs.Pre-injection local anesthesia does not reduce experienced pain.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51909154)Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ship Intelligent Maintenance and Energy Efficiency(No.20DZ2252300).
文摘Using natural gas(NG)as the primary fuel helps alleviate the fossil fuel crisis while reducing engine soot and nitrogen oxide(NO_(X))emissions.In this paper,the influences of a novel split injection concept on an NG high pressure direct injection(HPDI)engine are examined.Four typical split injection strategies,namely split pre-injection of pilot diesel(PD)and NG,split post-injection of PD and NG,split pre-injection of NG,and split post-injection of PD,were developed to investigate the influences on combustion and emissions.Results revealed that split pre injection of NG enhanced the atomization of PD,whereas the split post-injection of NG lowered the temperature in the core region of the PD spray,resulting in the deterioration of combustion.The effect of the split injection strategy on indicated thermal efficiency exceeded 7.5%.Split pre-injection was favorable to enhancing thermal efficiency,whereas split post-injection was not.Ignition delay,combustion duration,and premixed combustion time proportion were affected by injection strategies by 3.8%,50%,and 19.7%,respectively.Split pre-injection increased CH_(4) emission in the exhaust.Split post-injection,especially split post-injection of PD and NG,reduced the unburned CH_(4) emission by approximately 30%.When the split post-injection ratio was less than 30%,the trade-off between NO_(X) and soot was interrupted.The distribution range of hydroxyl radicals was expanded by pre-injection,and NO_(X) was generated in the region where the NG jet hit the wall.This paper provides valuable insights into the optimization of HPDI injection parameters.
文摘BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis(OA)is a degenerative joint disease traditionally viewed through the lens of cartilage degradation.However,emerging evidence positions subchondral bone pathology-particularly bone marrow lesions(BMLs)-as a key contributor to pain,progression,and structural deterioration.Mesenchymal stem cell exhaustion within the osteoarthritic subchondral zone further impairs intrinsic repair mechanisms,reinforcing the rationale for biologic interventions.AIM To evaluate the clinical efficacy of bone marrow aspirate concentrate(BMAC)therapy for knee OA,comparing subchondral vs intra-articular delivery routes,and elucidating the therapeutic impact on symptom relief and structural preservation.METHODS Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines,five clinical studies were included-comprising three randomized controlled trials and two prospective cohorts-with pooled data from 298 knees.Data on functional outcomes,imaging findings,and progression to total knee arthroplasty(TKA)were extracted and qualitatively synthesized.RESULTS Subchondral BMAC injections demonstrated superior improvements compared to intra-articular injection or placebo:Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score improved from 49.1±1.9 to 61.2±6.3 at 12 months(P<0.05),Knee Society Score increased from 57±12 to 87.3±12 at two years,and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index scores showed significant improvement favoring combined approaches.Magnetic resonance imaging analyses revealed mean BML volume regression of 2.1 cm3,with 80%of knees avoiding TKA over 13-year follow-up.Magnetic resonance imaging analyses revealed regression of BMLs and increased cartilage preservation in subchondral-treated knees.Long-term data indicated delayed progression to TKA and biomechanical improvements(e.g.,Hip-Knee-Ankle angle correction).No major adverse events were reported.CONCLUSION Targeting subchondral bone with BMAC addresses underlying OA pathology and may offer disease-modifying potential beyond symptom relief.These findings support a paradigm shift toward whole-joint biologic therapy,positioning the subchondral matrix as a therapeutic epicenter in OA management.
文摘Wen-lin Gong1,Chuang Sha2,Gang Du1,Zhong-gui Shan3,Zhong-quan Qi3,Su-fang Zhou1,Nuo Yang1,4,Yong-xiang Zhao1,4.First published:21 June 2017;10(5):454-460.DOI:10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.05.004 The authors would like to correct an error in Figure 3 in which the flow cytometric scattergram of CD4/CD44 for the control group was erroneously used for the scattergram of CD8/CD44 for the PVIDSC group.The correct scattergram of CD8/CD44 for the PVIDSC group is provided below.The error does not affect the conclusion of the study.The authors apologize for the error and the inconvenience it might have caused to readers.
基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.8232044)the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(No.2462023BJRC030).
文摘The long-term stability of CO_(2) storage represents a pivotal challenge in geological CO_(2) storage(CGS),particularly within deep saline aquifers characterized by complex fault-block systems.While the injection sites and rate under different fault structures will directly affect the CO_(2) storage effect and the risk of leakage.This study investigates the Gaoyou Sag in the Subei Basin,a representative fault-block reservoir,through an integrated numerical-experimental approach.A three-dimensional simulation model incorporating multiphase flow dynamics was developed to characterize subsurface CO_(2) transport and dissolution processes.A novel fault seal capacity evaluation framework was proposed,integrating three critical geological indices(fault throw/reservoir thickness/caprock thicknesses)with the coupling of formation physical properties,temperature,and pressure for the rational selection of injection sites and rates.The results show that Optimal storage performance is observed when the fault throw is lower than the reservoir and caprock thicknesses.Furthermore,higher temperature and pressure promote the dissolution and diffusion of CO_(2),while compared to the structural form of faults,the physical properties of faults have a more significant effect on CO_(2) leakage.The larger reservoir space and the presence of an interlayer reduce the risk of CO_(2) leakage,and augmenting storage potential.Decreasing the injection rate increases the proportion of dissolved CO_(2),thereby enhancing the safety of CO_(2) storage.
文摘This study aimed to investigate the impact of administration routes in establishing the Adriamycin(ADR)-induced chronic kidney disease(CKD)model.Using BALB/c mice,we compared the effects of conventional tail-vein injection(TV10,10 mg/kg)to those of retro-orbital sinus(orbital vein)injection(OV10,10 mg/kg;OV8,8 mg/kg).The re-sults indicated that the OV10 group exhibited CKD pathology similar to the TV10 group,with both groups demonstrating significantly higher urinary albumin/creatinine ratio(p<0.05),tubular injury(p<0.05),and degree of renal fibrosis(p<0.05)than the OV8 group.No significant differences were observed between the OV10 and TV10 groups in urinary albumin/creatinine ratio,tubular injury,and degree of renal fibrosis.These findings demonstrated that retro-orbital administration of 10 mg/kg ADR in-duces comparable effects to conventional tail-vein administration.This technique's technical simplicity may improve experimental efficiency,reproducibility,and animal welfare in CKD research.In conclusion,this study validates the utility of retro-orbital injection in CKD model establishment,demonstrating its potential to standardize and improve the reliability of future CKD research protocols.
基金funded by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20671)the Major Project of Inner Mongolia Science and Technology(2021ZD0034)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering(No.Z021003)。
文摘The occurrence time and magnitude of injection-induced seismicity are influenced by engineering factors,such as wellhead pressure,injection location,injection volume,and injection rate.Understanding the relationship between injection operations and seismic magnitude is of great significance for optimizing industrial production and reducing earthquake disasters.Numerical simulation of hydromechanical coupling is a crucial method for studying injection-induced seismicity.However,few studies have explored the risk management measures for injection-induced seismicity from the perspective of engineering.How seismic magnitudes can be reduced through reasonable adjustments to injection operations in engineering remains unclear.Therefore,in this study,a 3D hydro-mechanical coupling model involving multiple faults and injection wells was established based on the geological background and well location of Fox Creek,Canada.Different injection schemes under multi-well and multi-fault conditions were studied,and a traffic light system was used to simulate and control the magnitudes under a multi-well injection scheme.Specifically,we simulated injection scenarios involving up to three wells and analyzed the response of five faults.We compared the maximum moment magnitude of different scenarios by controlling the same injection volume.The results revealed the effect and advantage of the multi-well scheme in reducing seismic magnitude.To reduce the risk of induced seismicity,utilizing far-fault operational wells to compensate for the effects of near-fault operational wells proves to be an efficient and cost-effective method,with potential for wide practical applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB2390300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42172292)Yinlin Ji is grateful for the support by the Helmholtz Association's Initiative and Networking Fund for the Helmholtz Young Investigator Group ARES(Contract No.VH-NG-1516).
文摘This study aims to understand the effect of injection rate on injection-induced fracture activation in granite.We performed water injection-induced slip tests on samples containing either a smooth or a rough fracture at four different injection rates under undrained conditions and monitored the acoustic emission(AE)signals during the tests.Experimental results reveal that the critical activation fluid pressure is related to the injection rate,pressure diffusion rate,stress state,and fracture roughness.For the smooth fracture,as the injection rate increases,the critical activation fluid pressure increases significantly,while the injection rate has little effect on the critical activation fluid pressure of the rough fracture.The quasi-static slip distance of fractures decreases as the injection rate increases,with rough fractures exhibiting a greater overall slip distance compared to smooth fractures.The number of AE events per unit sliding distance increases with the injection rate,while the global b value decreases.These results indicate that higher injection rates produce more large-magnitude AE events and more severe slip instability and asperity damage.We established a linkage between fluid injection volume,injection rate,and AE events using the seismogenic index(Σ).The smooth fracture exhibits a steadily increasingΣwith the elapse of injection time,and the rate of increase is higher at higher injection rates;while the rough fracture is featured by a fluctuatingΣ,signifying the intermittent occurrence of large-magnitude AE events associated with the damage of larger fracture asperities.Our results highlight the importance of fracture surface heterogeneity on injection-induced fracture activation and slip.
文摘BACKGROUND A total of 100 patients diagnosed with mixed hemorrhoids from October 2022 to September 2023 in our hospital were randomly divided into groups by dice rolling and compared with the efficacy of different treatment options.AIM To analyze the clinical effect and prognosis of mixed hemorrhoids treated with polidocanol injection combined with automatic elastic thread ligation operation(RPH).METHODS A total of 100 patients with mixed hemorrhoids who visited our hospital from October 2022 to September 2023 were selected and randomly divided into the control group(n=50)and the treatment group(n=50)by rolling the dice.The procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids(PPH)was adopted in the control group,while polidocanol foam injection+RPH was adopted in the treatment group.The therapeutic effects,operation time,wound healing time,hospital stay,pain situation(24 hours post-operative pain score,first defecation pain score),quality of life(QOL),incidence of complications(post-operative hemorrhage,edema,infection),incidence of anal stenosis 3 months post-operatively and recurrence rate 1 year post-operatively of the two groups were compared.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the total effective rate of treatment group was higher,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).The operation time/wound healing time/hospital stay in the treatment group were shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05).The pain scores at 24 hours after operation/first defecation pain score of the treatment group was significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).After surgery,the QOL scores of the two groups decreased,with the treatment group having higher scores than that of the control group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the incidence of postoperative complications in the treatment group was lower,and the difference was significant(P<0.05);However,there was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative bleeding between the two groups(P>0.05);There was no significant difference in the incidence of anal stenosis 3 months after operation and the recurrence rate 1 year after operation between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION For patients with mixed hemorrhoids,the therapeutic effect achieved by using polidocanol injection combined with RPH was better.The wounds of the patients healed faster,the postoperative pain was milder,QOL improved,and the incidence of complications was lower,and the short-term and long-term prognosis was good.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51904026)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.06500108)。
文摘Hydrogen displays the potential to partially replace pulverized coal injection(PCI)in the blast furnace,and it can reduce CO_(2)emissions.In this paper,a three-dimensional mathematical model of hydrogen and pulverized coal co-injection in blast furnace tuyere was established through numerical simulation,and the effect of hydrogen injection and oxygen enrichment interaction on pulverized coal combustion and raceway smelting was investigated.The simulation results indicate that when the coal injection rate decreased from 36 to 30t/h and the hydrogen injection increased from 0 to 3600 m^(3)/h,the CO_(2)emissions decreased from 1860 to 1551 kg/t,which represents a16.6%reduction,and the pulverized coal burnout decreased from 70.1%to 63.7%.The heat released from hydrogen combustion can not only promote the volatilization of pulverized coal but also affect the combustion reaction between volatilization and oxygen,which resulted in a decrease in the temperature at the end of the raceway.Co-injection of hydrogen with PCI increased the wall temperature near the upper half part of the raceway and at the outlet of the tuyere,which required a high cooling efficiency to extend the service life of the blast furnace.The increase in oxygen level compensated for the decreased average temperature in the raceway due to hydrogen injection.The increase in the oxygen content by 3%while maintaining constant hydrogen and PCI injection rates increased the burnout and average raceway temperature by 4.2%and 43 K,respectively.The mole fraction of CO and H_(2) production increased by 0.04 and 0.02,respectively.Burnout can be improved through optimization of the particle size distribution of pulverized coal.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Plan Project,No.2023ZL230。
文摘BACKGROUND Although gastroscopy is a commonly used diagnostic and therapeutic technique,postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction is prone to occur.Traditional Chinese medicine theory suggests that postoperative gastrointestinal disorders are related to spleen and stomach weakness.This study hypothesizes that the combination of acupoint application at the Ziwu Liuzhu acupoint and percutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation can promote postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery and alleviate stress reactions.AIM To investigate the effects of acupoint application of Ziwu Liuzhu combined with percutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation on postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery and stress response in patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy surgery.METHODS A total of 120 patients who underwent gastroscopy surgery were selected and treated between October 2024 and January 2025.This study used a stratified block randomization method,and then allocated groups using computer-generated random number sequences(SAS 9.4 software).The groups were divided into two groups:A control group of 60 patients who received routine postoperative intervention measures,and an observation group of 60 patients who received acupuncture point application combined with transcutaneous acupoint electrical CONCLUSION The combination of percutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation in gastroscopy patients has been demonstrated to be both highly safe and effective.The benefits of this approach include the promotion of postoperative gastrointestinal function,the reduction of stress response,the attainment of optimal results,and the enhancement of patient satisfaction.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFB4206700)the Joint Geological Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2244223)+5 种基金the China Scholarship Council Program(No.202404910533)the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(No.2020B0301030003)the China Geological Survey Project(No.DD20211350)the Key Deployment Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.YJKYYQ20190043,ZDBS-LY-DQC003,KFZD-SW-422,and ZDRW-ZS-2021-3-1)the Scientific Research and Technology Development Project of China National Petroleum Corporation(No.2022DJ5503)the Supercomputing Laboratory,IGGCAS.
文摘This study proposes and systematically evaluates an optimized integration of warm surface seawater injection with depressurization for the long-term exploitation of marine natural gas hydrates.By employing comprehensive multiphysics simulations guided by field data from hydrate production tests in the South China Sea,we pinpoint key operational parameters—such as injection rates,depths,and timings—that notably enhance production efficiency.The results indicate that a 3-phase hydrate reservoir transitions from a free-gas-dominated production stage to a hydrate-decomposition-dominated stage.Moderate warm seawater injection supplies additional heat during the hydrate decomposition phase,thereby enhancing stable production;however,excessively high injection rates can impede the depressurization process.Only injection at an appropriate depth simultaneously balances thermal supplementation and the pressure gradient,leading to higher overall productivity.A“depressurization-driven sensible-heat supply window”is introduced,highlighting that timely seawater injection following initial depressurization prolongs reservoir dissociation dynamics.In this study area,commencing seawater injection at 170 d of depressurization proved optimal.This optimized integration leverages clean and renewable thermal energy,providing essential insights into thermal supplementation strategies with significant implications for sustainable,economically feasible,and efficient commercial-scale hydrate production.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51175422,61973011)Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Basic Research Plan of China(Grant No.2022JM-195)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Chinathe Research Start-up Funds of Hangzhou International Innovation Institute of Beihang University(Grant No.2024KQ036)。
文摘During high-speed rotation,the surface of aeronautic spiral bevel gears will generate significant pressure and viscous forces,which will cause a certain amount of windage power loss and reduce the efficiency of the transmission system.Based on the computational fluid dynamics,this paper analyzes the windage power loss of a single spiral bevel gear and a spiral bevel gear pair under oil injection lubrication.In addition,the shroud is used to suppress gear windage loss,and the clearance size and opening angle of the designed shroud are optimized.Finally,by comparing and analyzing the experimental results,the following conclusions were obtained:(1)For a single gear,the speed is the most important factor affecting windage loss,followed by the hand of spiral,and rotation direction;(2)For gear pairs,under oil injection lubrication,the input speed has the greatest impact on windage power loss,followed by the influence of oil injection port speed,temperature and oil injection port pressure;(3)Installing a shroud is an effective method to reduce windage power loss;(4)In the pure air phase,the smaller the clearance between the shroud and the gear surface,and the smaller the radial direction between the shroud and the shaft,the better the effect of reducing windage;(5)In the two-phase flow of oil and gas,it is necessary to design oil drainage holes on the shroud to ensure the smooth discharge of lubricating oil and improve the drag reduction effect.
基金supported by Basic and Applied Basic research foundation of Guangdong province(Nos.2021A1515010343 and 2022A1515011582)the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province(Nos.2021A0505030026 and 2022A0505050029).
文摘In the scenario of a steam generator tube rupture accident in a lead-cooled fast reactor,secondary circuit subcooled water under high pressure is injected into an ordinary-pressure primary vessel,where a molten lead-based alloy(typically pure lead or lead-bismuth eutectic(LBE))is used as the coolant.To clarify the pressure build-up characteristics under water-jet injection,this study conducted several experiments by injecting pressurized water into a molten LBE pool at Sun Yat-sen University.To obtain a further understanding,several new experimental parameters were adopted,including the melt temperature,water subcooling,injection pressure,injection duration,and nozzle diameter.Through detailed analyses,it was found that the pressure and temperature during the water-melt interaction exhibited a consistent variation trend with our previous water-droplet injection mode LBE experiment.Similarly,the existence of a steam explosion was confirmed,which typically results in a much stronger pressure build-up.For the non-explosion cases,increasing the injection pressure,melt-pool temperature,nozzle diameter,and water subcooling promoted pressure build-up in the melt pool.However,a limited enhancement effect was observed when increasing the injection duration,which may be owing to the continually rising pressure in the interaction vessel or the isolation effect of the generated steam cavity.Regardless of whether a steam explosion occurred,the calculated mechanical and kinetic energy conversion efficiencies of the melt were relatively small(not exceeding 4.1%and 0.7%,respectively).Moreover,the range of the conversion efficiency was similar to that of previous water-droplet experiments,although the upper limit of the jet mode was slightly lower.
基金Supported by The New Faculty Research Grant of Pusan National University,2023The Research Grant of the Chungbuk National University in 2023.
文摘BACKGROUND Intramuscular corticosteroid injection may cause adverse effects such as dermal and/or subcutaneous atrophy,alopecia,hypopigmentation,and hyperpigmentation.Although cutaneous atrophy can spontaneously resolve,several treatment options have been suggested for this condition.CASE SUMMARY In this paper,we report a case of corticosteroid injection induced lipoatrophy treated with autologous whole blood(AWB)injection,as the condition had been unresponsive to fractional laser therapy.A 29-year-old female patient visited the dermatology clinic complaining of skin depression on her right buttock area,which had appeared six months earlier.There had been only subtle improvement at the margins after fractional CO_(2) laser treatment;therefore,after obtaining informed consent from the patient,AWB treatment was initiated.One month after the first AWB injection,the size and depth of the lesion had noticeably improved,and a slight improvement was also observed in discoloration.CONCLUSION Close observation is the initial treatment of choice for steroid induced skin atrophy;however,for patients in need of immediate cosmetic improvement,AWB injection may be a safe and cost-effective alternative.
基金Supported by designated project of 2008 Scientific Plan of TCM and Integrative Medicine of Hebei Administration of TCM:2008080
文摘Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of acupoint injection therapy for paralysis of oculomotor nerve with Chinese herbal medicines. Methods A total number of 456 patients from 3 centers with paralysis of oculomotor nerve were randomly divided into an acupoint injection group and a control group with 228 cases each. Patients in the acupoint injection group were treated with injection of Chinese herbal medicines to Jingming （晴明 BL 1）, Yangbai （阳白GB 14}, Sibai （四白 ST 24 Tongziliao （瞳子髎 GB I） on the affected side, and Ganshu （肝俞 BL 18） on both sides, Compound Angelica Injection was the main drug, and the corresponding acupoints and other injection drugs were also used according to differentiation of syndrome. Patients in the control group were treated with common western medicine. The treatment was given once a day, 10 times constituted one course with 3 days of interval. After 3 courses, the effect was assessed. TCM syndrome score, eyeball movement degree, the sizes of oculi rimae and pupil of the two groups were recorded before and after treatment. Results The effective rate of acupoint injection group was 91.7% （209/228）, and that of the control group was 73.6% （168/228）. There was statistical significance in comparing the difference between the two groups （P〈0.05）. TCM syndrome scores of the two groups after the treatment became less obviously than those before the treatment （P〈0.01, P〈0.05）, the score of acupoint injection group was more reduced than that of the control group （P〈0.05）. Eyeball movement degree and oculi rimae were enlarged and the pupil reduced in the affected eye in both groups after the treatment Call P〈0.05）. The musculus rectus medialis for the eyeball movement in the acupoint injection group was more improved than that of the control group, and the oculi rimae was bigger in the acupoint injection group than that in the control group （both P〈0.05）. Conclusion Acupoint injection therapy with Chinese herbal medicines has assured effect on the treatment of oculomotor paralysis.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51306114)
文摘Fuel injection timing is an important control parameter for engine combustion optimization and emissions control. However, the actual fuel injection timing is different from the nominal one commanded by the electronic control unit, due to the system hydraulic lag or the possible communication malfunction. In this study,a simple estimate approach based on the injector inlet pressure is proposed to capture four critical characteristic instants at the start and end of injection. The critical characteristic moments estimated using this pressure-based approach are validated against those determined by the actual injection rate profiles, in the context of different single or split injection processes. The comparison revealed that the characteristic injection moments estimated by the injector inlet pressures and those determined by the actual injection rate profiles have a satisfactory agreement, certifying the broad applicability and reliability of this pressure-based approach in the detection of the real fuel injection start and end time.
基金Supported by the Joint Construction Project of Medical Science and Technology Research Plan in Henan Province(LHGJ20190879).
文摘[Objectives]To observe the clinical efficacy of external application of Scorzonera Herpes Ointment combined with Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate for Injection in the treatment of herpes zoster oticus(HZO).[Methods]A total of 100 HZO patients admitted to the 988 th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force and Henan Provincial People's Hospital from June 2021 to June 2023 were selected.They were divided into a treatment group and a control group using a random number table method,with 50 cases in each group.Both groups received Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate for Injection.Additionally,the treatment group was treated with external application of Scorzonera Herpes Ointment,while the control group received acyclovir ointment.Both groups were treated for 10 d.The comparisons included clinical efficacy,total symptom and sign scores,pain level[Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)],time for erythema reduction,cessation of blister formation,scab formation,and scab shedding,incidence of post-herpetic neuralgia(PHN),air conduction hearing threshold,and air-bone gap.[Results]After 10 d of treatment,the total effective rate was 98.00%(49/50)in the treatment group and 84.00%(42/50)in the control group,with a statistically significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05).After 10 d of treatment,the total symptom and sign scores and VAS scores of both groups decreased compared to those before treatment.The treatment group had significantly lower scores than the control group(P<0.05).The treatment group showed significantly shorter time for erythema reduction,cessation of blister formation,scab formation,and scab shedding compared to the control group(P<0.05).During the 1-month follow-up after treatment,no PHN cases occurred in the treatment group,while the incidence of PHN in the control group was 24.00%(12/50),showing a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).After 10 d of treatment,both groups showed reduced air conduction hearing thresholds,and the treatment group exhibited significantly lower air conduction thresholds and air-bone gaps compared to the control group(P<0.05).No statistically significant difference was observed in the air-bone gap before and after treatment in the control group(P>0.05).[Conclusions]The combination of external application of Scorzonera Herpes Ointment and Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate for Injection can alleviate pain and other discomforts,reduce PHN incidence,shorten disease duration,and improve hearing in HZO patients.
基金financially supported by the National Key Laboratory of Ramjet,China(No.2022-020-003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.501QYZX2023146001)。
文摘The kerosene-fueled Scramjet with multi-cavity combustor has the potential to serve aspropulsion system for hypersonic flight.However,the impact of injection positions on combustionperformance and mechanism at high Mach numbers remains uncertain.Therefore,a comparativestudy was conducted using numerical methods to explore multi-cavity Scramjet combustor perfor-mance at a flight Mach number 7.0 with different injection positions.The combustor is equippedwith 6 cavities arranged in three groups along the flow direction,each consisting of two cavities per-pendicular to the flow.It is shown that the injection location significantly influences combustionperformance:Front-injection yields higher combustion efficiency than post-injection,but post-injection is advantageous for the intake start.Additionally,regardless of injection positions,themainstream flow state near the cavities behind the injection can be categorized as supersonic flow,supersonic-subsonic coexistence flow,and subsonic flow.The optimal length from the downstreamto the trailing edge of the cavities behind the injection for achieving maximum combustion effi-ciency is determined.Further extension beyond this optimal length does not significantly increasethe combustion efficiency.In addition,the optimal length varies with different injection positions-specifically,it is about 60%longer with post-injection conditions than with front-injection con-ditions in this investigation.Moreover,significant secondary combustion within the cavities leadingto improved efficiency only occurs when mainstream flow state is either supersonic flow orsupersonic-subsonic coexistence flow.Also,with a well-optimized design,the kerosene-fueledmulti-cavity Scramjet can achieve enhanced combustion efficiency,which shows relatively smallvariation across a wide range of equivalence ratios.This might be caused by the effects of interac-tion among these multiple cavities.Therefore,these research findings can provide valuable insightsfor designing and optimizing the kerosene-fueled multi-cavity combustor in Scramjet at high Machnumbers.
基金Supported by Hospital-level Project of Shiyan Taihe Hospital(2017JJXM091).
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the clinical efficacy of duloxetine combined with ozone pain point injection for the treatment of fibromyalgia(FM)and assess the effects of this combination therapy on pain,depression,and sleep disorders.[Methods]A randomized controlled crossover design was employed in this study.Sixty inpatients diagnosed with FM were allocated into three groups:the duloxetine group,the ozone group,and the combination therapy group,with each group consisting of 20 participants.The treatment duration was set at 4 weeks.The Visual Analogue Scale(VAS),the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire(FIQ),the Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),and the number of tender points were assessed prior to treatment,2 weeks post treatment,and 4 weeks post treatment.[Results]There were no statistically significant differences in various indicators among the three groups of patients prior to treatment.Following treatment,the VAS,FIQ,HAMD,PSQI,and the number of tender points in all three groups exhibited significant improvements(P<0.05).Notably,the combination therapy group demonstrated the most substantial reductions in each score,surpassing the improvements observed in the single application group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Duloxetine combined with ozone pain point injection demonstrates a synergistic effect in alleviating pain,reducing depression,and enhancing sleep quality in patients with FM.This combination therapy exhibits superior efficacy compared to monotherapy and holds significant potential for clinical application.
基金approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Institutional Review Board,approval No.TLV-0674-21.
文摘BACKGROUND Intra-articular hip injections(IAHIs)are commonly used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes but are often associated with patient anxiety and fear.The disparity between anticipated and experienced pain during IAHIs and the role of preinjection local anesthesia in pain modulation remains unclear.AIM To investigate the difference between anticipated and experienced pain during IAHIs and the impact of pre-injection local anesthesia.METHODS This prospective study enrolled 60 patients undergoing IAHI,30 receiving pre-injection superficial local anesthesia and 30 serving as a control group without pre-injection local anesthesia.Pain levels were assessed using numeric rating scales.RESULTS Patients significantly overestimated anticipated pain compared to experienced pain(6.43±2.48 vs 3.68±2.37,P<0.001).Pre-injection local anesthesia did not significantly reduce experienced pain(3.19±2.38 vs 4.20±2.29,P=0.130).CONCLUSION Patients overestimate anticipated pain during IAHIs.Pre-injection local anesthesia does not reduce experienced pain.
