Objective. To investigate the treatment of corneal epithelial ingrowth with flap melt after LASIK. Patients and method. Thirteen eyes of 13 patients with corneal epithelial ingrowth and flap melt after LASIK were trea...Objective. To investigate the treatment of corneal epithelial ingrowth with flap melt after LASIK. Patients and method. Thirteen eyes of 13 patients with corneal epithelial ingrowth and flap melt after LASIK were treated based on the thickness and the extent of melting of the flap. Nine eyes were treated by lifting the flap and scraping the epithelium in the interface. Three eyes underwent allogenic keratomileusis. The flap was removed in one eye. Results. Recurrence occurred in 2 eyes treated by lifting the flap. The flaps, however, healed normally after retreatment. The grafts healed normally in the allogenic keratomileusis group, except for one eye in which the flap was lost. The corneal epithelium healed over the stromal bed after the flap was removed. Corneal haze of grade 2 was present at 6 months. The uncorrected visual acuity was between 0.3 and 1.0, and the best corrected visual acuity lost 1 to 3 lines. Conclusions. Corneal epithelial ingrowth with flap melt is a severe complication after LASIK. However, with proper treatment, vision can be salvaged in most cases.展开更多
Aims Long-term determination of root biomass production upon land-use conversion to biofuel crops is rare.To assess land-use legacy influences on belowground biomass accumulation,we converted 22-year-old Conservation ...Aims Long-term determination of root biomass production upon land-use conversion to biofuel crops is rare.To assess land-use legacy influences on belowground biomass accumulation,we converted 22-year-old Conservation Reserve Program(CRP)grasslands and 50+-year-old agricultural(AGR)lands to corn(C),switchgrass(Sw)and restored prairie(Pr)biofuel crops.We maintained one CRP grassland as a reference(Ref).We hypothesized that land-use history and crop type have significant effects on root density,with perennial crops on CRP grasslands having a higher root biomass productivity,while corn grown on former agricultural lands produce the lowest root biomass.Methods The ingrowth core method was used to determine in situ ingrowth root biomass,alongside measurements of aboveground net primary productivity(ANPP).Ancillary measurements,including air temperature,growing season length and precipitation were used to examine their influences on root biomass production.Important Findings Root biomass productivity was the highest in unconverted CRP grassland(1716 g m?2 yr?1)and lowest in corn fields(526 g m?2 yr?1).All perennial sites converted from CRP and AGR lands had lower root biomass and ANPP in the first year of planting but peaked in 2011 for switchgrass and a year later for restored prairies.Ecosystem stability was higher in restored prairies(AGR-Pr:4.3±0.11;CRP-Pr:4.1±0.10),with all monocultures exhibiting a lower stability.Root biomass production was positively related to ANPP(R2=0.40).Overall,attention should be given to root biomass accumulation in large-scale biofuel production as it is a major source of carbon sequestration.展开更多
AIM To investigate whether an uncovered self-expandable metal stent(UCSEMS) with a large diameter could prevent recurrent biliary obstruction(RBO).METHODS Thirty-eight patients with malignant biliary obstruction under...AIM To investigate whether an uncovered self-expandable metal stent(UCSEMS) with a large diameter could prevent recurrent biliary obstruction(RBO).METHODS Thirty-eight patients with malignant biliary obstruction underwent treatment with an UCSEMS with a 14-mm diameter(Niti-S 14). Retrospectively, we evaluated technical and functional success rate, RBO rate, time to RBO, survival time, and adverse events in these patients.RESULTS Stent placement success and functional success were achieved in all patients. Two patients(5.3%) had RBO due to tumor ingrowth or overgrowth. The median time to RBO was 190(range, 164-215) d. The median survival time was 120(range, 18-502) d. The 6-mo non-RBO rate was 91%. Other adverse events other than RBO occurred as follows: Acute cholecystitis, post-ERCP pancreatitis, hemobilia, and fever without exacerbation of liver injury, and liver abscess in 4(10.3%), 3(7.9%), 2(5.3%), 1(2.6%), and 1(2.6%), respectively. Migration of the stents was not observed.CONCLUSION Niti-S 14 is considered to be a preferable metal stent because of a low rate of RBO with no migration.展开更多
文摘Objective. To investigate the treatment of corneal epithelial ingrowth with flap melt after LASIK. Patients and method. Thirteen eyes of 13 patients with corneal epithelial ingrowth and flap melt after LASIK were treated based on the thickness and the extent of melting of the flap. Nine eyes were treated by lifting the flap and scraping the epithelium in the interface. Three eyes underwent allogenic keratomileusis. The flap was removed in one eye. Results. Recurrence occurred in 2 eyes treated by lifting the flap. The flaps, however, healed normally after retreatment. The grafts healed normally in the allogenic keratomileusis group, except for one eye in which the flap was lost. The corneal epithelium healed over the stromal bed after the flap was removed. Corneal haze of grade 2 was present at 6 months. The uncorrected visual acuity was between 0.3 and 1.0, and the best corrected visual acuity lost 1 to 3 lines. Conclusions. Corneal epithelial ingrowth with flap melt is a severe complication after LASIK. However, with proper treatment, vision can be salvaged in most cases.
基金Support for this research was provided by the Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center,U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Science,Office of Biological and Environmental Research(Awards DE-SC0018409 and DE-FCO2-07ER64494)by the National Science Foundation Long-term Ecological Research Program(DEB 1832042)at the Kellogg Biological Station,and by Michigan State University AgBioResearch.
文摘Aims Long-term determination of root biomass production upon land-use conversion to biofuel crops is rare.To assess land-use legacy influences on belowground biomass accumulation,we converted 22-year-old Conservation Reserve Program(CRP)grasslands and 50+-year-old agricultural(AGR)lands to corn(C),switchgrass(Sw)and restored prairie(Pr)biofuel crops.We maintained one CRP grassland as a reference(Ref).We hypothesized that land-use history and crop type have significant effects on root density,with perennial crops on CRP grasslands having a higher root biomass productivity,while corn grown on former agricultural lands produce the lowest root biomass.Methods The ingrowth core method was used to determine in situ ingrowth root biomass,alongside measurements of aboveground net primary productivity(ANPP).Ancillary measurements,including air temperature,growing season length and precipitation were used to examine their influences on root biomass production.Important Findings Root biomass productivity was the highest in unconverted CRP grassland(1716 g m?2 yr?1)and lowest in corn fields(526 g m?2 yr?1).All perennial sites converted from CRP and AGR lands had lower root biomass and ANPP in the first year of planting but peaked in 2011 for switchgrass and a year later for restored prairies.Ecosystem stability was higher in restored prairies(AGR-Pr:4.3±0.11;CRP-Pr:4.1±0.10),with all monocultures exhibiting a lower stability.Root biomass production was positively related to ANPP(R2=0.40).Overall,attention should be given to root biomass accumulation in large-scale biofuel production as it is a major source of carbon sequestration.
文摘AIM To investigate whether an uncovered self-expandable metal stent(UCSEMS) with a large diameter could prevent recurrent biliary obstruction(RBO).METHODS Thirty-eight patients with malignant biliary obstruction underwent treatment with an UCSEMS with a 14-mm diameter(Niti-S 14). Retrospectively, we evaluated technical and functional success rate, RBO rate, time to RBO, survival time, and adverse events in these patients.RESULTS Stent placement success and functional success were achieved in all patients. Two patients(5.3%) had RBO due to tumor ingrowth or overgrowth. The median time to RBO was 190(range, 164-215) d. The median survival time was 120(range, 18-502) d. The 6-mo non-RBO rate was 91%. Other adverse events other than RBO occurred as follows: Acute cholecystitis, post-ERCP pancreatitis, hemobilia, and fever without exacerbation of liver injury, and liver abscess in 4(10.3%), 3(7.9%), 2(5.3%), 1(2.6%), and 1(2.6%), respectively. Migration of the stents was not observed.CONCLUSION Niti-S 14 is considered to be a preferable metal stent because of a low rate of RBO with no migration.
