In clinical practice,antibiotics have historically been utilized for the treatment of pathogenic bacteria.However,the gradual emergence of antibiotic resistance among bacterial strains has posed a significant challeng...In clinical practice,antibiotics have historically been utilized for the treatment of pathogenic bacteria.However,the gradual emergence of antibiotic resistance among bacterial strains has posed a significant challenge to this approach.In 2022,Escherichia coli,a Gram-negative bacterium renowned for its widespread pathogenicity and high virulence,emerged as the predominant pathogenic bacterium in China.The rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant E.coli strains has rendered antibiotics insufficient to fight E.coli infections.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has made remarkable contributions to the health of Chinese people for thousands of years,and its significant therapeutic effects have been proven in clinical practice.In this paper,we provide a comprehensive review of the advances and mechanisms of TCM and its active ingredients against antibiotic-resistant E.coli infections.First of all,this review introduces the classification,antibiotic resistance characteristics and mechanisms of E.coli.Then,the TCM formulas and extracts are listed along with their active ingredients against E.coli,including extraction solution,minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC),and the antibacterial mechanisms.In addition,there is growing evidence supporting the synergistic therapeutic strategy of combining TCM with antibiotics for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant E.coli infections,and we provide a summary of this evidence and its underlying mechanisms.In conclusion,we present a comprehensive review of TCM and highlight its potential and advantages in the prevention and treatment of E.coli infections.We hold the opinion that TCM will play an important role in global health,pharmaceutical development,and livestock farming in the future.展开更多
The use of synthetic biology technology to develop cosmetic ingredients is attracting widespread attention due to its effectiveness,safety,and environmental friendliness.This article explains the concept of synthetic ...The use of synthetic biology technology to develop cosmetic ingredients is attracting widespread attention due to its effectiveness,safety,and environmental friendliness.This article explains the concept of synthetic biology and its key technologies and current status in the production of cosmetic ingredients.It also briefly analyzes the regulatory approaches to synthetic biology-based cosmetic ingredients in different countries and regions,providing guidance for the management of this field in China.The goal is to ensure product safety,enhance consumer trust,and promote the healthy development of the industry.展开更多
The 2025(15th)China Daily Chemical Industry Forum(CDCIF 2025)and its concurrent event,the 2025 China International Premium Exhibition for Personal Care Ingredients,Packaging&Machinery(IPE 2025)concluded successful...The 2025(15th)China Daily Chemical Industry Forum(CDCIF 2025)and its concurrent event,the 2025 China International Premium Exhibition for Personal Care Ingredients,Packaging&Machinery(IPE 2025)concluded successfully in Guangzhou from September 22nd to 24th.Hosted by the China Research Institute of Daily Chemical(RIDCI),and organized by the China Information Center of Daily Chemical Industry and Productivity Promotion Center of Surfactant and Detergent,the event gathered nearly 600 representatives from government departments,industry associations,and leading enterprises.展开更多
As humanity advances at a rapid pace,both material wealth and spiritual fulfillment continue to grow and enrich our lives.“The remarkable year of 2025 marks a pinnacle in AI advancement,a quantum leap in robotics app...As humanity advances at a rapid pace,both material wealth and spiritual fulfillment continue to grow and enrich our lives.“The remarkable year of 2025 marks a pinnacle in AI advancement,a quantum leap in robotics applications,and groundbreaking progress in cosmic exploration.Even Nezha II(a Chinese animated blockbuster) brilliantly integrates technology,space,culture,and AI into its narrative.Yet,none of these developments can escape humanity's enduring obsession with facial aesthetics.As civilizations flourish across all dimensions,the beauty economy emerges as a formidable industrial force,driving mankind's relentless pursuit of a better life and a more beautiful future.”展开更多
To solve the problem of the lack of reference material(RM)for determination of allergenic ingredients in food,a RM of cashew nut powder was developed in the study.Cashew nut powder was prepared from cashew nut kernel ...To solve the problem of the lack of reference material(RM)for determination of allergenic ingredients in food,a RM of cashew nut powder was developed in the study.Cashew nut powder was prepared from cashew nut kernel by selecting,cleaning,crushing,n-hexane degreasing and sieving treatment.The reliability and traceability of RM was verified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)and phylogenetic tree analysis.The cashew nut powder RM showed good homogeneity,and good stability under long-term storage at 4℃and short-term simulated transportation from-20 to 45℃.The RM was determined jointly by 8 collaborative laboratories,and the characteristic CT value was 24.732,and the extended uncertainty was 1.052%(k=2).The RM was applied to verify the amplification efficiency and the limit of detection for qPCR assay,and showed good applicability.The RM could be used for method validation and quality control,for the determination of allergenic ingredients in food mixed with trace amounts of cashew nut.展开更多
Recent years have witnessed significant advances in the development of novel techniques and methodologies for identifying active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),substantially advancing research and de...Recent years have witnessed significant advances in the development of novel techniques and methodologies for identifying active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),substantially advancing research and development efforts.Spectrum-effect correlation analysis,affinity ultrafiltration,high-content screening(HCS)imaging,and cell membrane chromatography(CMC)have emerged as essential tools,effectively linking TCM chemical constituents to their biological effects,thereby enabling efficient active ingredient screening.Additionally,molecular interaction analysis provides deeper insights into TCM-biomolecule interaction mechanisms,enhancing understanding of its therapeutic potential.Computer-aided techniques facilitate TCM active ingredient identification,optimizing the screening process for efficiency and cost-effectiveness.Molecular probe technology,as an emerging methodology,enables precise and rapid screening for novel therapeutic drug discovery.Ongoing technological advancement in this field indicates promising future developments,potentially leading to more effective and targeted TCM-based therapies.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to establish a multiplex PCR system for de- tecting transgenic ingredients from Citrus. [Method] Based on the pBI121 plasmid sequences published in GenBank and actin gene sequence of Citru...[Objective] This study aimed to establish a multiplex PCR system for de- tecting transgenic ingredients from Citrus. [Method] Based on the pBI121 plasmid sequences published in GenBank and actin gene sequence of Citrus, the primers specific to CaMV35S promoter, NOS promoter, NOS terminator and actin gene were designed, to establish a multiple PCR system which could detect four types of sequences. In addition, orthogonal tests were performed to determine the optimal concentrations of all the components in PCR reaction system, as well as the optimal PCR cycle parameters. [Result] The optimal PCR reaction system should contain 2.5μl of 10xPCR buffer, 2.0μl of MgCI2 （25 mmol/L）, 2.0 μl of dNTP mixture （2.5 mmol/L of each dNTP）, 1.0 μl of actin gene primers （10μmol/L）, 1.0μl of 35S promoter primers （10 μmol/L）, 1.5 μl of NOS promoter primers （10 μmol/L） and 0.5 μl of NOS terminator primers （10μmol/L）, 0.1 μg of template DNA, 1.25 U of Taq DNA polymerase; ddH20 was added to the total reaction system of 25μl. The PCR reaction program consisted of pre-denaturing at 94℃ for 5 min; 31 cycles of denaturing at 94℃ for 30 s, annealing at 64.1℃ for 45 s and extension at 72℃ for 50 s; final extension at 72℃ for 10 min. The reaction system optimized with the orthogonal tests could detect as less as 0.1% transgenic component in the tested samples. [Conclusion] The MPCR detection system established in this study can meet the requirements in theory for detecting the genetically modified ingredients in Citrus or the deep-processed products.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicines （TCMs） have a long history of clinical testing and reliable therapeutic efficacy. They have attracted international attention as excellent sources of bioactive compounds for the discove...Traditional Chinese medicines （TCMs） have a long history of clinical testing and reliable therapeutic efficacy. They have attracted international attention as excellent sources of bioactive compounds for the discovery of new drugs. However, TCMs usually contain hundreds or even thousands of components and only a few of these compounds are responsible for the pharmacological effects. The large number of components in TCMs makes the analysis and screening for bioactive compounds extremely difficult. Therefore, strategies for analysis and screening of bioactive compounds in TCMs have long been a focus of studies on TCMs. Cell membrane chromatography （CMC） has become a useful tool for studying the bioactive compounds of TCMs. This review summarizes the principles, characteristics, and application of CMC, and the possible problems faced when working with TCMs. This method will likely become increasingly important for screening and analysis of hioactive compounds in TCMs.展开更多
In the past two decades, a considerable amount of research has focused on the determination of the digestible(DE) and metabolizable energy(ME) contents of feed ingredients fed to swine. Compared with the DE and ME sys...In the past two decades, a considerable amount of research has focused on the determination of the digestible(DE) and metabolizable energy(ME) contents of feed ingredients fed to swine. Compared with the DE and ME systems, the net energy(NE) system is assumed to be the most accurate estimate of the energy actually available to the animal. However, published data pertaining to the measured NE content of ingredients fed to growing pigs are limited. Therefore, the Feed Data Group at the Ministry of Agricultural Feed Industry Centre(MAFIC) located at China Agricultural University has evaluated the NE content of many ingredients using indirect calorimetry. The present review summarizes the NE research works conducted at MAFIC and compares these results with those from other research groups on methodological aspect. These research projects mainly focus on estimating the energy requirements for maintenance and its impact on the determination, prediction, and validation of the NE content of several ingredients fed to swine. The estimation of maintenance energy is affected by methodology, growth stage,and previous feeding level. The fasting heat production method and the curvilinear regression method were used in MAFIC to estimate the NE requirement for maintenance. The NE contents of different feedstuffs were determined using indirect calorimetry through standard experimental procedure in MAFIC. Previously generated NE equations can also be used to predict NE in situations where calorimeters are not available. Although popular, the caloric efficiency is not a generally accepted method to validate the energy content of individual feedstuffs. In the future,more accurate and dynamic NE prediction equations aiming at specific ingredients should be established, and more practical validation approaches need to be developed.展开更多
As an important herbaceous plant, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi(Chinese skullcap) is geographically widespread and commonly used throughout the world. In the Chinese medicine market, S. baicalensis has been divided i...As an important herbaceous plant, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi(Chinese skullcap) is geographically widespread and commonly used throughout the world. In the Chinese medicine market, S. baicalensis has been divided into two primary types, "Ku Qin"(WXR) and "Tiao Qin"(TST). Moreover, TST is also divided into different grades according to the diameter of roots. To explore the distribution patterns of the contents of five biologically activate ingredients(FBAI), we used six-year-old cultivated S. baicalensis and analyzed its growth characteristics as well as the quality difference among different types and diameters in roots. Throughout the entire root, we discovered that contents of the FBAI all initially increased and subsequently decreased from the top to the bottom of the roots. The baicalin content of WXR was less than that of TST. On the contrary, the contents of baicalein, wogonin, and oroxylin A in WXR were up to about two times higher than that in TST. We also found that the 0 to 40 cm part of the S. baicalensis root possessed about 87% of the root biomass and about 92% of the contents of the active ingredients.展开更多
In this study, the IL-2 mRNA levels of T lymphocytes in normal mice stimulated by nine Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients （CHMIs） were measured using semiquantification reverse transcription polymerase chain react...In this study, the IL-2 mRNA levels of T lymphocytes in normal mice stimulated by nine Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients （CHMIs） were measured using semiquantification reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that astragalus polysaccharide （APS）, epimedium polysaccharide （EPS）, Chinese angelica polysaccharide （CAPS）, propolis flavone （PF）, and astrogalosides （AS） promoted IL-2 mRNA levels in T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo to differing degrees, and the level of IL-2 mRNA induced by propolis polysaccharide （PPS） in vitro was higher than that induced by the control, which differed from that of PPS in vivo.展开更多
To improve the function of endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs) is one of the goals in Chinese traditional therapy to treat various cardio-celebrovascular diseases. In the past decades, scholars in the field of traditio...To improve the function of endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs) is one of the goals in Chinese traditional therapy to treat various cardio-celebrovascular diseases. In the past decades, scholars in the field of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) have found fifteen active compounds to regulate the function of EPC. These metabolites are extracted from thirteen, plant-based Chinese medicine, with majority of them as potent reductive or oxidative hydrophilic molecules containing phenyl groups. These active compounds either enhance the mobilization of EPC, or inhibit their apoptosis through different signaling pathways. In this review, the molecular structure, biophysical properties, and the plant sources of these active ingredients and their regulatory effects on the function of EPC are summarized, aiming to reveal the modern basis of Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis at the progenitor cell level.展开更多
NTCP is specifically expressed on the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes, participating in the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts, especially conjugated bile salts, to maintain bile salts homeostasis. In additio...NTCP is specifically expressed on the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes, participating in the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts, especially conjugated bile salts, to maintain bile salts homeostasis. In addition, recent studies have found that NTCP is a functional receptor of HBV and HDV. Therefore, it is important to study the interaction between drugs and NTCP and identify the inhibitors/substrates of NTCP. In the present study, a LLC-PK1 cell model stably expressing human NTCP was established, which was simple and suitable for high throughput screening, and utilized to screen and verify the potential inhibitors of NTCP from 102 herbal medicinal ingredients. The results showed that ginkgolic acid(GA)(13 : 0), GA(15 : 1), GA(17 : 1), erythrosine B, silibinin, and emodin have inhibitory effects on NTCP uptake of TCNa in a concentration-dependent manner. Among them, GA(13 : 0) and GA(15 : 1) exhibited the stronger inhibitory effects, with IC_(50) values being less than 8.3 and 13.5 mmol·L^(-1), respectively, than the classical inhibitor, cyclosporin A(CsA)(IC_(50) = 20.33 mmol·L^(-1)). Further research demonstrated that GA(13 : 0), GA(15 : 1), GA(17 : 1), silibinin, and emodin were not substrates of NTCP. These findings might contribute to a better understanding of the disposition of the herbal ingredients in vivo, especially in biliary excretion.展开更多
Background: Determination of the endogenous loss of fat(ELF) is used to adjust for the estimation of true total tract digestibility(TTTD) of fat in diets and ingredients.Any factor which affected ELF may further affec...Background: Determination of the endogenous loss of fat(ELF) is used to adjust for the estimation of true total tract digestibility(TTTD) of fat in diets and ingredients.Any factor which affected ELF may further affect the digestibility of fat,including sources and concentrations of fat and fiber in the diet.There are some reports of determining the ELF using regression methods based on different levels of fat intake,while reports on effects of dietary fiber content and different fiber-rich ingredients in pig diets on ELF are very limited.Therefore,the objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary fiber content and different fiber-rich ingredients on endogenous losses of fat and fatty acids at the end of ileum and throughout the entire intestinal tract in growing pigs.Methods: In Exp.1,the effect of fiber content on endogenous loss of fat was determined using six growing pigs(Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire;27.6 ± 2.4 kg),fitted with a T-cannula at the end of ileum.The experimental design was a 6 × 6 complete Latin square design with six periods of feeding and six diets.The six experimental fat-free diets were formulated to include graded levels of neutral detergent fiber(NDF)(0,40,80,120,160 and 200 g/kg) and soybean hull(SH) was the only fiber source,providing 0,75,150,225,300 and 375 g/kg,respectively.Chromic oxide was included at4 g/kg in all diets as an indigestible marker.In Exp.2,six crossbred growing barrows(27.6 ± 1.6 kg) were used and the experimental design was the same as for Exp.1.The six fat-free diets were formulated to include six common fiber-rich ingredients and the concentration of NDF was 100 g/kg.The six fiber-rich ingredients were defatted rice bran(DRB),sugar beet pulp(SBP),rice hull(RH),corn germ meal(CGM),SH and wheat bran(WB) and they were fed at represented250,270,145,250,170 and 280 g/kg in the diet,respectively.Results: In Exp.1,the endogenous loss of fatty acids profile did not change as dietary NDF increased in growing pigs.The endogenous losses of fat,C16:0,C18:0,C18:1,C18:2,total unsaturated fatty acids(UFA) and total saturated fatty acids(SFA) in growing pigs at the end of ileum and throughout the entire intestinal tract increased linearly as NDF content of diets increased.The endogenous losses of fat,as well as C16:0 and C18:0 throughout the entire intestinal tract also increased quadratically as NDF content of diets increased.The ELF increased from 0.71 to 3.14 g/kg of dry matter intake(DMI) and 0.56 to 8.21 g/kg DMI at the end of ileum and throughout the entire intestinal tract in growing pigs,respectively.The ELF occurred in the hindgut except for the growing pigs fed 0 and 4% NDF in their diets.The endogenous losses of C16:0 and UFA occurred primarily in the upper regions of the gut and the greatest endogenous losses of C18:0 occurred in the hindgut.The endogenous losses of fat,individual SFA and total SFA throughout the entire intestinal tract were much greater than that at the end of ileum.However,the endogenous losses of individual UFA and total UFA were less throughout the intestinal tract than at the end of ileum.In Exp.2,the endogenous losses of fat at the end of ileum were greater in growing pigs fed CGM or WB diets.The endogenous loss of fatty acids profile changed to a slight degree at the end of ileum that the endogenous loss of UFA(particularly C18:1 and C18:2) in growing pigs fed CGM or WB diets were greater(P < 0.01) than that for the other four diets.The greatest(P < 0.01) endogenous loss of SFA(particularly C18:0) was in growing pigs fed the RH diet.The endogenous losses of fat,C16:0,C18:0 and SFA over the entire intestinal tract were much greater in growing pigs fed CGM or WB diets,whereas the lowest values were in growing pigs fed DRB diet.The ELF at the end of ileum in growing pigs fed CGM or WB diets were 3.50 or 4.17 g/kg DMI,respectively,and the ELF over the entire intestinal tract was 7.23 or 7.38 g/kg DMI.The contribution in percentage of ELF in the upper gut was greater than that in the hindgut of growing pigs fed DRB and RH diets,while the ELF in the upper gut and hindgut were equal in growing pigs fed SBP,CGM and WB diets.On the whole,the endogenous losses of C18:1 and C18:2 throughout the entire intestinal tract in growing pigs fed the six fiber-rich ingredients diets were less than losses at the end of ileum,whereas the endogenous loss of fat,C16:0,C18:0 and SFA were greater throughout the intestinal tract than at the end of ileum.Conclusion: The profile of loss in endogenous fatty acids did not change as dietary NDF increased in growing pigs and the endogenous losses of fatty acids(C16:0,C18:0,C18:1 and C18:2) fat,UFA and SFA increased linearly as NDF content increased in the diets of pigs.The endogenous losses of fat or fatty acids at the end of ileum were greater in growing pigs fed RH,CGM or WB diets.The endogenous losses of fat,fatty acids(C16:0 and C18:0) and SFA were greater over the entire intestinal tract in pigs fed CGM or WB diet,while these values were the lowest in growing pigs fed the DRB diet.The contribution in percentage losses of fat in the upper gut were greater than in the hindgut of growing pigs fed DRB and RH diets,while the contribution of losses of fat in the upper gut and hindgut were equal in growing pigs fed SBP,CGM and WB diets.In addition,the endogenous loss of individual or total UFA was less over the entire intestinal tract of growing pigs fed fiber diets than that at the end of ileum,and the greatest endogenous losses of fat,individual or total SFA were over the entire intestinal tract.Therefore,differences in fiber content and the nature of fiber-rich ingredients in diets of pigs have different effects to the endogenous losses of fat or fatty acids.Considering the requirement of fat or fatty acids of pigs,careful attention must be paid that the endogenous losses of fat and fatty acids when fiber ingredients are used in diets of pigs.展开更多
The topical administration of the compound Chinese herbal medicine transdermal preparation has been widely used in treating the mastitis of cows. In order to understand the metabolic process, four cows suffering from ...The topical administration of the compound Chinese herbal medicine transdermal preparation has been widely used in treating the mastitis of cows. In order to understand the metabolic process, four cows suffering from clinical mastitis were selected for the pharmacokinetic study. The transdermal preparation was applied to the diseased part of breast. Then the plasma and milk samples were collected respectively at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, and 36 h, The concentrations of baicalin and phillyrin in plasma and milk were determined by HPLC and the data of time-concentrations were analyzed by the pharmacokinetic software. The results showed that two ingredients in the plasma were not detectable, but they in the milk had linear relationship with the time. The peak concentration of baicalin [（2.84 ±0.15）μg mL^-1] appeared at （4.93 ± 0.35） h, AUC0.1OQ was （27.32 ± 7.91） mg L^-1 h^-1, and the mean retention time was （28.31 ±0.49） h. The peak concentration of phillyrin [（0.49 ± 0.41） μg mL^-1] achieved at （3.68 ± 3.14） h, AUC0-LOQ was （4.10± 0.31） mg L^-1 h^-1, and the mean retention time was （14.52 ± 0.02） h. These suggested that two ingredients had slow absorbing speed and high absorbing degree. They could not be eliminated in a short time, thus exerted the topical curative effect.展开更多
Probiotical cell fragments (PCFs) are structural components of the probiotic cell lysate(s) and exhibit similar beneficial effects on the host as live probiotic bacteria. With cell fragment technology (CFT?), the stru...Probiotical cell fragments (PCFs) are structural components of the probiotic cell lysate(s) and exhibit similar beneficial effects on the host as live probiotic bacteria. With cell fragment technology (CFT?), the structural fragments are isolated and purified from live probiotic cells. While observed to be strain-dependent as in the case of live probiotics, orally administered PCFs demonstrated a broad spectrum of immune modulation functions;anti-allergy;anti-inflammation;anti-bacterial and anti-viral properties;anti-mutagenic;and radioprotective and detoxification abilities in humans and animals. The PCFs mechanisms of action include events of motifs of cell wall peptidoglycans, DNA motifs, nucleotide containing components, lipoteichoic acids (LPAs), surface layer (S-layer) proteins, and cytoplasmic proteins. Different immunological in vivo-in vitro tests have shown that PCFs, essentially, have the ability to stimulate the macrophages, and induce cytokines such as interleukins, tumor necrosis factors (TNFs), interferons (IFNs), and natural killer (NK) cells. PCFs may be used as ingredients for foods and beverages or as nutritional supplements with long term stability and shelf-life up to 5 years. PCFs may also be used as health restorative ingredients in cosmetic products. The outcome of probiotics CFT? stands as an advantage to the food and pharmaceutical industries, regarding the formulation of novel products with unadulterated sensory characteristics of origin. Hence, PCFs are being characterized here as “novel nutraceutical ingredients” for health maintenance in both humans and animals.展开更多
Pulmonary hypertension(PH)is a severe pathophysiological condition characterized by pulmonary artery remodeling and continuous increases in pulmonary artery pressure,which may eventually develop to right heart failure...Pulmonary hypertension(PH)is a severe pathophysiological condition characterized by pulmonary artery remodeling and continuous increases in pulmonary artery pressure,which may eventually develop to right heart failure and death.Although newly discovered and incredible treatment strategies in recent years have improved the prognosis of PH,limited types of effective and economical drugs for PH still makes it as a life-threatening disease.Some drugs from Chinese materia medica(CMM)have been traditionally applied in the treatment of lung diseases.Accumulating evidence suggests active pharmaceutical ingredients(APIs)derived from those medicines brings promising future for the prevention and treatment of PH.In this review,we summarized the pharmacological effects of APIs derived from CMM which are potent in treating PH,so as to provide new thoughts for initial drug discovery and identification of potential therapeutic strategies in alternative medicine for PH.展开更多
Honeysuckle, the dry flower bud or with open flower of Lonicerajaponica in caprifoliaceae, has been touted as a cure-all for heat-clearing and detoxifying effect. Honeysuckle contains abundant components such as volat...Honeysuckle, the dry flower bud or with open flower of Lonicerajaponica in caprifoliaceae, has been touted as a cure-all for heat-clearing and detoxifying effect. Honeysuckle contains abundant components such as volatile oil, flavonoids and organic acids, playing the role of antibiosis, antivirus, antiphlogosis, immunopotenfiation and antioxidation. The active ingredients and pharmacological action of honeysuckle are reviewed in the paper, so as to lay the foundation for further application of honeysuckle in veterinary clinic.展开更多
In the development of new drugs products,especially the development of traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients,solubility and oral bioavailability are the main factors which are restricting the development of ...In the development of new drugs products,especially the development of traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients,solubility and oral bioavailability are the main factors which are restricting the development of new drugs,whereas the physicochemical properties of active ingredients are the key element to affecting these factors.Pharmaceutical cocrystal provides an excellent opportunity to develop new drugs with excellent physical and chemical properties such as melting point,solubility,stability and bioavailability while retaining the pharmacological properties of individuals active pharmaceutical ingredients among pharmaceutical cocrystal compounds.Traditional Chinese herbal medicine has the characteristics of multiple pathways and multiple targets,mainly because it contains many active ingredients,like cocrystals thereof with many components.The active ingredients extracted from traditional Chinese herbal medicine have a wide range of pharmacological activities,but most of the active ingredients affect the development of traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients due to their physical and chemical properties such as solubility.Traditional Chinese medicine pharmaceutical cocrystals can not only improve the physical and chemical properties of drugs without changing the internal structure of drugs,so as to provide a new scheme for the development of traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients.This paper reviews the research progress of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine pharmaceutical cocrystal.The preparation methods of cocrystals are summarized and the advantages of cocrystals are illustrated with examples.展开更多
Tripterygium Wilfordii Hooks. f (TW) also called yellow vine, yellow vine wood, yellow wax vine, breakgut herb etc., belongs to Galactia genus, its medicinal parts mostly belong to the wooden part of the double-layer ...Tripterygium Wilfordii Hooks. f (TW) also called yellow vine, yellow vine wood, yellow wax vine, breakgut herb etc., belongs to Galactia genus, its medicinal parts mostly belong to the wooden part of the double-layer decortical root. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) holds that it has the function of clearing Heat and removing toxin, dispelling Wind to fr- ee collateral, relaxing tendon to activate blood circulation, subsiding swelling and analgesia, insecticide and hemostasis. The studies on botanical resources, chemical ingredients and pharmacology of TW are briefly introduced as follows.展开更多
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes,China(Grant Nos.:ZZ16-YQ-037,JIPY2023003,and JJPY2022022)China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CACMS)Innovation Fund(Grant No.:CI2021A00601).
文摘In clinical practice,antibiotics have historically been utilized for the treatment of pathogenic bacteria.However,the gradual emergence of antibiotic resistance among bacterial strains has posed a significant challenge to this approach.In 2022,Escherichia coli,a Gram-negative bacterium renowned for its widespread pathogenicity and high virulence,emerged as the predominant pathogenic bacterium in China.The rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant E.coli strains has rendered antibiotics insufficient to fight E.coli infections.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has made remarkable contributions to the health of Chinese people for thousands of years,and its significant therapeutic effects have been proven in clinical practice.In this paper,we provide a comprehensive review of the advances and mechanisms of TCM and its active ingredients against antibiotic-resistant E.coli infections.First of all,this review introduces the classification,antibiotic resistance characteristics and mechanisms of E.coli.Then,the TCM formulas and extracts are listed along with their active ingredients against E.coli,including extraction solution,minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC),and the antibacterial mechanisms.In addition,there is growing evidence supporting the synergistic therapeutic strategy of combining TCM with antibiotics for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant E.coli infections,and we provide a summary of this evidence and its underlying mechanisms.In conclusion,we present a comprehensive review of TCM and highlight its potential and advantages in the prevention and treatment of E.coli infections.We hold the opinion that TCM will play an important role in global health,pharmaceutical development,and livestock farming in the future.
文摘The use of synthetic biology technology to develop cosmetic ingredients is attracting widespread attention due to its effectiveness,safety,and environmental friendliness.This article explains the concept of synthetic biology and its key technologies and current status in the production of cosmetic ingredients.It also briefly analyzes the regulatory approaches to synthetic biology-based cosmetic ingredients in different countries and regions,providing guidance for the management of this field in China.The goal is to ensure product safety,enhance consumer trust,and promote the healthy development of the industry.
文摘The 2025(15th)China Daily Chemical Industry Forum(CDCIF 2025)and its concurrent event,the 2025 China International Premium Exhibition for Personal Care Ingredients,Packaging&Machinery(IPE 2025)concluded successfully in Guangzhou from September 22nd to 24th.Hosted by the China Research Institute of Daily Chemical(RIDCI),and organized by the China Information Center of Daily Chemical Industry and Productivity Promotion Center of Surfactant and Detergent,the event gathered nearly 600 representatives from government departments,industry associations,and leading enterprises.
文摘As humanity advances at a rapid pace,both material wealth and spiritual fulfillment continue to grow and enrich our lives.“The remarkable year of 2025 marks a pinnacle in AI advancement,a quantum leap in robotics applications,and groundbreaking progress in cosmic exploration.Even Nezha II(a Chinese animated blockbuster) brilliantly integrates technology,space,culture,and AI into its narrative.Yet,none of these developments can escape humanity's enduring obsession with facial aesthetics.As civilizations flourish across all dimensions,the beauty economy emerges as a formidable industrial force,driving mankind's relentless pursuit of a better life and a more beautiful future.”
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Pro-gram of China(2021YFF0601902)the National Reference Material Development Project(S2022234).
文摘To solve the problem of the lack of reference material(RM)for determination of allergenic ingredients in food,a RM of cashew nut powder was developed in the study.Cashew nut powder was prepared from cashew nut kernel by selecting,cleaning,crushing,n-hexane degreasing and sieving treatment.The reliability and traceability of RM was verified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)and phylogenetic tree analysis.The cashew nut powder RM showed good homogeneity,and good stability under long-term storage at 4℃and short-term simulated transportation from-20 to 45℃.The RM was determined jointly by 8 collaborative laboratories,and the characteristic CT value was 24.732,and the extended uncertainty was 1.052%(k=2).The RM was applied to verify the amplification efficiency and the limit of detection for qPCR assay,and showed good applicability.The RM could be used for method validation and quality control,for the determination of allergenic ingredients in food mixed with trace amounts of cashew nut.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22175078, 52373287, 82404846, and 22467002)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (No. BK20241597)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2632024TD05)
文摘Recent years have witnessed significant advances in the development of novel techniques and methodologies for identifying active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),substantially advancing research and development efforts.Spectrum-effect correlation analysis,affinity ultrafiltration,high-content screening(HCS)imaging,and cell membrane chromatography(CMC)have emerged as essential tools,effectively linking TCM chemical constituents to their biological effects,thereby enabling efficient active ingredient screening.Additionally,molecular interaction analysis provides deeper insights into TCM-biomolecule interaction mechanisms,enhancing understanding of its therapeutic potential.Computer-aided techniques facilitate TCM active ingredient identification,optimizing the screening process for efficiency and cost-effectiveness.Molecular probe technology,as an emerging methodology,enables precise and rapid screening for novel therapeutic drug discovery.Ongoing technological advancement in this field indicates promising future developments,potentially leading to more effective and targeted TCM-based therapies.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Key Laboratories of Chongqing (CSTC)National Technology Research and Development Program of Ministry of Science and Technology for Countryside Field (863 Program,2011AA100205)+1 种基金Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of Ministry of Agriculture of China(201003067)Key Science and Technology Research Program of Ministry of Education of China (109131)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to establish a multiplex PCR system for de- tecting transgenic ingredients from Citrus. [Method] Based on the pBI121 plasmid sequences published in GenBank and actin gene sequence of Citrus, the primers specific to CaMV35S promoter, NOS promoter, NOS terminator and actin gene were designed, to establish a multiple PCR system which could detect four types of sequences. In addition, orthogonal tests were performed to determine the optimal concentrations of all the components in PCR reaction system, as well as the optimal PCR cycle parameters. [Result] The optimal PCR reaction system should contain 2.5μl of 10xPCR buffer, 2.0μl of MgCI2 （25 mmol/L）, 2.0 μl of dNTP mixture （2.5 mmol/L of each dNTP）, 1.0 μl of actin gene primers （10μmol/L）, 1.0μl of 35S promoter primers （10 μmol/L）, 1.5 μl of NOS promoter primers （10 μmol/L） and 0.5 μl of NOS terminator primers （10μmol/L）, 0.1 μg of template DNA, 1.25 U of Taq DNA polymerase; ddH20 was added to the total reaction system of 25μl. The PCR reaction program consisted of pre-denaturing at 94℃ for 5 min; 31 cycles of denaturing at 94℃ for 30 s, annealing at 64.1℃ for 45 s and extension at 72℃ for 50 s; final extension at 72℃ for 10 min. The reaction system optimized with the orthogonal tests could detect as less as 0.1% transgenic component in the tested samples. [Conclusion] The MPCR detection system established in this study can meet the requirements in theory for detecting the genetically modified ingredients in Citrus or the deep-processed products.
基金Scientific and Technological Innovation Project Foundation of Shanxi China (Grant No. 20090321099)
文摘Traditional Chinese medicines （TCMs） have a long history of clinical testing and reliable therapeutic efficacy. They have attracted international attention as excellent sources of bioactive compounds for the discovery of new drugs. However, TCMs usually contain hundreds or even thousands of components and only a few of these compounds are responsible for the pharmacological effects. The large number of components in TCMs makes the analysis and screening for bioactive compounds extremely difficult. Therefore, strategies for analysis and screening of bioactive compounds in TCMs have long been a focus of studies on TCMs. Cell membrane chromatography （CMC） has become a useful tool for studying the bioactive compounds of TCMs. This review summarizes the principles, characteristics, and application of CMC, and the possible problems faced when working with TCMs. This method will likely become increasingly important for screening and analysis of hioactive compounds in TCMs.
基金financially supported by the Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(CARS-36)Developing key equipment for digital management and monitoring environment in animal production(2013AA10230602)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31372317)the 111 Project(B16044)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘In the past two decades, a considerable amount of research has focused on the determination of the digestible(DE) and metabolizable energy(ME) contents of feed ingredients fed to swine. Compared with the DE and ME systems, the net energy(NE) system is assumed to be the most accurate estimate of the energy actually available to the animal. However, published data pertaining to the measured NE content of ingredients fed to growing pigs are limited. Therefore, the Feed Data Group at the Ministry of Agricultural Feed Industry Centre(MAFIC) located at China Agricultural University has evaluated the NE content of many ingredients using indirect calorimetry. The present review summarizes the NE research works conducted at MAFIC and compares these results with those from other research groups on methodological aspect. These research projects mainly focus on estimating the energy requirements for maintenance and its impact on the determination, prediction, and validation of the NE content of several ingredients fed to swine. The estimation of maintenance energy is affected by methodology, growth stage,and previous feeding level. The fasting heat production method and the curvilinear regression method were used in MAFIC to estimate the NE requirement for maintenance. The NE contents of different feedstuffs were determined using indirect calorimetry through standard experimental procedure in MAFIC. Previously generated NE equations can also be used to predict NE in situations where calorimeters are not available. Although popular, the caloric efficiency is not a generally accepted method to validate the energy content of individual feedstuffs. In the future,more accurate and dynamic NE prediction equations aiming at specific ingredients should be established, and more practical validation approaches need to be developed.
基金supported by the National Sci-tech Support Plan(No.2011BAI07B04 537/03430)the Beijing Municipal Agriculture Demonstration Project(No.20120615)
文摘As an important herbaceous plant, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi(Chinese skullcap) is geographically widespread and commonly used throughout the world. In the Chinese medicine market, S. baicalensis has been divided into two primary types, "Ku Qin"(WXR) and "Tiao Qin"(TST). Moreover, TST is also divided into different grades according to the diameter of roots. To explore the distribution patterns of the contents of five biologically activate ingredients(FBAI), we used six-year-old cultivated S. baicalensis and analyzed its growth characteristics as well as the quality difference among different types and diameters in roots. Throughout the entire root, we discovered that contents of the FBAI all initially increased and subsequently decreased from the top to the bottom of the roots. The baicalin content of WXR was less than that of TST. On the contrary, the contents of baicalein, wogonin, and oroxylin A in WXR were up to about two times higher than that in TST. We also found that the 0 to 40 cm part of the S. baicalensis root possessed about 87% of the root biomass and about 92% of the contents of the active ingredients.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30070566).
文摘In this study, the IL-2 mRNA levels of T lymphocytes in normal mice stimulated by nine Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients （CHMIs） were measured using semiquantification reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that astragalus polysaccharide （APS）, epimedium polysaccharide （EPS）, Chinese angelica polysaccharide （CAPS）, propolis flavone （PF）, and astrogalosides （AS） promoted IL-2 mRNA levels in T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo to differing degrees, and the level of IL-2 mRNA induced by propolis polysaccharide （PPS） in vitro was higher than that induced by the control, which differed from that of PPS in vivo.
基金supported by the IncentiveFoundation for Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Scientists ofShandong Province,China(No.BS2010YY070)
文摘To improve the function of endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs) is one of the goals in Chinese traditional therapy to treat various cardio-celebrovascular diseases. In the past decades, scholars in the field of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) have found fifteen active compounds to regulate the function of EPC. These metabolites are extracted from thirteen, plant-based Chinese medicine, with majority of them as potent reductive or oxidative hydrophilic molecules containing phenyl groups. These active compounds either enhance the mobilization of EPC, or inhibit their apoptosis through different signaling pathways. In this review, the molecular structure, biophysical properties, and the plant sources of these active ingredients and their regulatory effects on the function of EPC are summarized, aiming to reveal the modern basis of Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis at the progenitor cell level.
基金supported by National Nature Scientific Foundation of China(No.8117312)International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China(No.2014DFE30050)+1 种基金Program for Zhejiang Leading Team of S&T Innovation Team(No.2011R50014)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China Ministry of Education(2016XZZX001-08)
文摘NTCP is specifically expressed on the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes, participating in the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts, especially conjugated bile salts, to maintain bile salts homeostasis. In addition, recent studies have found that NTCP is a functional receptor of HBV and HDV. Therefore, it is important to study the interaction between drugs and NTCP and identify the inhibitors/substrates of NTCP. In the present study, a LLC-PK1 cell model stably expressing human NTCP was established, which was simple and suitable for high throughput screening, and utilized to screen and verify the potential inhibitors of NTCP from 102 herbal medicinal ingredients. The results showed that ginkgolic acid(GA)(13 : 0), GA(15 : 1), GA(17 : 1), erythrosine B, silibinin, and emodin have inhibitory effects on NTCP uptake of TCNa in a concentration-dependent manner. Among them, GA(13 : 0) and GA(15 : 1) exhibited the stronger inhibitory effects, with IC_(50) values being less than 8.3 and 13.5 mmol·L^(-1), respectively, than the classical inhibitor, cyclosporin A(CsA)(IC_(50) = 20.33 mmol·L^(-1)). Further research demonstrated that GA(13 : 0), GA(15 : 1), GA(17 : 1), silibinin, and emodin were not substrates of NTCP. These findings might contribute to a better understanding of the disposition of the herbal ingredients in vivo, especially in biliary excretion.
基金supported by the Prevention and Control of Nutritional Metabolism and Toxic Diseases in Livestock and Poultry(2016YFD0501204)the 111 Project(B16044)
文摘Background: Determination of the endogenous loss of fat(ELF) is used to adjust for the estimation of true total tract digestibility(TTTD) of fat in diets and ingredients.Any factor which affected ELF may further affect the digestibility of fat,including sources and concentrations of fat and fiber in the diet.There are some reports of determining the ELF using regression methods based on different levels of fat intake,while reports on effects of dietary fiber content and different fiber-rich ingredients in pig diets on ELF are very limited.Therefore,the objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary fiber content and different fiber-rich ingredients on endogenous losses of fat and fatty acids at the end of ileum and throughout the entire intestinal tract in growing pigs.Methods: In Exp.1,the effect of fiber content on endogenous loss of fat was determined using six growing pigs(Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire;27.6 ± 2.4 kg),fitted with a T-cannula at the end of ileum.The experimental design was a 6 × 6 complete Latin square design with six periods of feeding and six diets.The six experimental fat-free diets were formulated to include graded levels of neutral detergent fiber(NDF)(0,40,80,120,160 and 200 g/kg) and soybean hull(SH) was the only fiber source,providing 0,75,150,225,300 and 375 g/kg,respectively.Chromic oxide was included at4 g/kg in all diets as an indigestible marker.In Exp.2,six crossbred growing barrows(27.6 ± 1.6 kg) were used and the experimental design was the same as for Exp.1.The six fat-free diets were formulated to include six common fiber-rich ingredients and the concentration of NDF was 100 g/kg.The six fiber-rich ingredients were defatted rice bran(DRB),sugar beet pulp(SBP),rice hull(RH),corn germ meal(CGM),SH and wheat bran(WB) and they were fed at represented250,270,145,250,170 and 280 g/kg in the diet,respectively.Results: In Exp.1,the endogenous loss of fatty acids profile did not change as dietary NDF increased in growing pigs.The endogenous losses of fat,C16:0,C18:0,C18:1,C18:2,total unsaturated fatty acids(UFA) and total saturated fatty acids(SFA) in growing pigs at the end of ileum and throughout the entire intestinal tract increased linearly as NDF content of diets increased.The endogenous losses of fat,as well as C16:0 and C18:0 throughout the entire intestinal tract also increased quadratically as NDF content of diets increased.The ELF increased from 0.71 to 3.14 g/kg of dry matter intake(DMI) and 0.56 to 8.21 g/kg DMI at the end of ileum and throughout the entire intestinal tract in growing pigs,respectively.The ELF occurred in the hindgut except for the growing pigs fed 0 and 4% NDF in their diets.The endogenous losses of C16:0 and UFA occurred primarily in the upper regions of the gut and the greatest endogenous losses of C18:0 occurred in the hindgut.The endogenous losses of fat,individual SFA and total SFA throughout the entire intestinal tract were much greater than that at the end of ileum.However,the endogenous losses of individual UFA and total UFA were less throughout the intestinal tract than at the end of ileum.In Exp.2,the endogenous losses of fat at the end of ileum were greater in growing pigs fed CGM or WB diets.The endogenous loss of fatty acids profile changed to a slight degree at the end of ileum that the endogenous loss of UFA(particularly C18:1 and C18:2) in growing pigs fed CGM or WB diets were greater(P < 0.01) than that for the other four diets.The greatest(P < 0.01) endogenous loss of SFA(particularly C18:0) was in growing pigs fed the RH diet.The endogenous losses of fat,C16:0,C18:0 and SFA over the entire intestinal tract were much greater in growing pigs fed CGM or WB diets,whereas the lowest values were in growing pigs fed DRB diet.The ELF at the end of ileum in growing pigs fed CGM or WB diets were 3.50 or 4.17 g/kg DMI,respectively,and the ELF over the entire intestinal tract was 7.23 or 7.38 g/kg DMI.The contribution in percentage of ELF in the upper gut was greater than that in the hindgut of growing pigs fed DRB and RH diets,while the ELF in the upper gut and hindgut were equal in growing pigs fed SBP,CGM and WB diets.On the whole,the endogenous losses of C18:1 and C18:2 throughout the entire intestinal tract in growing pigs fed the six fiber-rich ingredients diets were less than losses at the end of ileum,whereas the endogenous loss of fat,C16:0,C18:0 and SFA were greater throughout the intestinal tract than at the end of ileum.Conclusion: The profile of loss in endogenous fatty acids did not change as dietary NDF increased in growing pigs and the endogenous losses of fatty acids(C16:0,C18:0,C18:1 and C18:2) fat,UFA and SFA increased linearly as NDF content increased in the diets of pigs.The endogenous losses of fat or fatty acids at the end of ileum were greater in growing pigs fed RH,CGM or WB diets.The endogenous losses of fat,fatty acids(C16:0 and C18:0) and SFA were greater over the entire intestinal tract in pigs fed CGM or WB diet,while these values were the lowest in growing pigs fed the DRB diet.The contribution in percentage losses of fat in the upper gut were greater than in the hindgut of growing pigs fed DRB and RH diets,while the contribution of losses of fat in the upper gut and hindgut were equal in growing pigs fed SBP,CGM and WB diets.In addition,the endogenous loss of individual or total UFA was less over the entire intestinal tract of growing pigs fed fiber diets than that at the end of ileum,and the greatest endogenous losses of fat,individual or total SFA were over the entire intestinal tract.Therefore,differences in fiber content and the nature of fiber-rich ingredients in diets of pigs have different effects to the endogenous losses of fat or fatty acids.Considering the requirement of fat or fatty acids of pigs,careful attention must be paid that the endogenous losses of fat and fatty acids when fiber ingredients are used in diets of pigs.
基金supported by the Major Project of Re-vitalizing the Old Industrial Bases of Science and Edu-cation Commission of Heilongjiang Province, China(1151gzd04)the 11th Five-Year Plan Major Re-search Projects of Science and Technology Commis-sion of Heilongjiang Province (GA06B202-3)
文摘The topical administration of the compound Chinese herbal medicine transdermal preparation has been widely used in treating the mastitis of cows. In order to understand the metabolic process, four cows suffering from clinical mastitis were selected for the pharmacokinetic study. The transdermal preparation was applied to the diseased part of breast. Then the plasma and milk samples were collected respectively at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, and 36 h, The concentrations of baicalin and phillyrin in plasma and milk were determined by HPLC and the data of time-concentrations were analyzed by the pharmacokinetic software. The results showed that two ingredients in the plasma were not detectable, but they in the milk had linear relationship with the time. The peak concentration of baicalin [（2.84 ±0.15）μg mL^-1] appeared at （4.93 ± 0.35） h, AUC0.1OQ was （27.32 ± 7.91） mg L^-1 h^-1, and the mean retention time was （28.31 ±0.49） h. The peak concentration of phillyrin [（0.49 ± 0.41） μg mL^-1] achieved at （3.68 ± 3.14） h, AUC0-LOQ was （4.10± 0.31） mg L^-1 h^-1, and the mean retention time was （14.52 ± 0.02） h. These suggested that two ingredients had slow absorbing speed and high absorbing degree. They could not be eliminated in a short time, thus exerted the topical curative effect.
文摘Probiotical cell fragments (PCFs) are structural components of the probiotic cell lysate(s) and exhibit similar beneficial effects on the host as live probiotic bacteria. With cell fragment technology (CFT?), the structural fragments are isolated and purified from live probiotic cells. While observed to be strain-dependent as in the case of live probiotics, orally administered PCFs demonstrated a broad spectrum of immune modulation functions;anti-allergy;anti-inflammation;anti-bacterial and anti-viral properties;anti-mutagenic;and radioprotective and detoxification abilities in humans and animals. The PCFs mechanisms of action include events of motifs of cell wall peptidoglycans, DNA motifs, nucleotide containing components, lipoteichoic acids (LPAs), surface layer (S-layer) proteins, and cytoplasmic proteins. Different immunological in vivo-in vitro tests have shown that PCFs, essentially, have the ability to stimulate the macrophages, and induce cytokines such as interleukins, tumor necrosis factors (TNFs), interferons (IFNs), and natural killer (NK) cells. PCFs may be used as ingredients for foods and beverages or as nutritional supplements with long term stability and shelf-life up to 5 years. PCFs may also be used as health restorative ingredients in cosmetic products. The outcome of probiotics CFT? stands as an advantage to the food and pharmaceutical industries, regarding the formulation of novel products with unadulterated sensory characteristics of origin. Hence, PCFs are being characterized here as “novel nutraceutical ingredients” for health maintenance in both humans and animals.
文摘Pulmonary hypertension(PH)is a severe pathophysiological condition characterized by pulmonary artery remodeling and continuous increases in pulmonary artery pressure,which may eventually develop to right heart failure and death.Although newly discovered and incredible treatment strategies in recent years have improved the prognosis of PH,limited types of effective and economical drugs for PH still makes it as a life-threatening disease.Some drugs from Chinese materia medica(CMM)have been traditionally applied in the treatment of lung diseases.Accumulating evidence suggests active pharmaceutical ingredients(APIs)derived from those medicines brings promising future for the prevention and treatment of PH.In this review,we summarized the pharmacological effects of APIs derived from CMM which are potent in treating PH,so as to provide new thoughts for initial drug discovery and identification of potential therapeutic strategies in alternative medicine for PH.
文摘Honeysuckle, the dry flower bud or with open flower of Lonicerajaponica in caprifoliaceae, has been touted as a cure-all for heat-clearing and detoxifying effect. Honeysuckle contains abundant components such as volatile oil, flavonoids and organic acids, playing the role of antibiosis, antivirus, antiphlogosis, immunopotenfiation and antioxidation. The active ingredients and pharmacological action of honeysuckle are reviewed in the paper, so as to lay the foundation for further application of honeysuckle in veterinary clinic.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81973977,No.81273872)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2021JCXK02)supported this study.
文摘In the development of new drugs products,especially the development of traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients,solubility and oral bioavailability are the main factors which are restricting the development of new drugs,whereas the physicochemical properties of active ingredients are the key element to affecting these factors.Pharmaceutical cocrystal provides an excellent opportunity to develop new drugs with excellent physical and chemical properties such as melting point,solubility,stability and bioavailability while retaining the pharmacological properties of individuals active pharmaceutical ingredients among pharmaceutical cocrystal compounds.Traditional Chinese herbal medicine has the characteristics of multiple pathways and multiple targets,mainly because it contains many active ingredients,like cocrystals thereof with many components.The active ingredients extracted from traditional Chinese herbal medicine have a wide range of pharmacological activities,but most of the active ingredients affect the development of traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients due to their physical and chemical properties such as solubility.Traditional Chinese medicine pharmaceutical cocrystals can not only improve the physical and chemical properties of drugs without changing the internal structure of drugs,so as to provide a new scheme for the development of traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients.This paper reviews the research progress of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine pharmaceutical cocrystal.The preparation methods of cocrystals are summarized and the advantages of cocrystals are illustrated with examples.
文摘Tripterygium Wilfordii Hooks. f (TW) also called yellow vine, yellow vine wood, yellow wax vine, breakgut herb etc., belongs to Galactia genus, its medicinal parts mostly belong to the wooden part of the double-layer decortical root. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) holds that it has the function of clearing Heat and removing toxin, dispelling Wind to fr- ee collateral, relaxing tendon to activate blood circulation, subsiding swelling and analgesia, insecticide and hemostasis. The studies on botanical resources, chemical ingredients and pharmacology of TW are briefly introduced as follows.
