0 INTRODUCTION Geohazards in mountainous regions pose significant risks to the construction and safe operation of transportation,water conservancy,and other critical infrastructure projects.Engineering geological inve...0 INTRODUCTION Geohazards in mountainous regions pose significant risks to the construction and safe operation of transportation,water conservancy,and other critical infrastructure projects.Engineering geological investigations are crucial for disaster prevention and mitigation.展开更多
1.Introduction Infrared Imaging Missiles(IRIMs)are advanced weapons utilizing infrared technology for target detection and tracking.Their sensors capture thermal signatures and convert them into electronic images,enab...1.Introduction Infrared Imaging Missiles(IRIMs)are advanced weapons utilizing infrared technology for target detection and tracking.Their sensors capture thermal signatures and convert them into electronic images,enabling precise target identification and tracking.To a certain extent,the all-weather adaptability of IRIMs enables their effective operation across diverse environmental conditions,providing high targeting accuracy and cost efficiency.展开更多
Aiming at intercepting large maneuvering targets precisely,the guidance law of advanced self-seeking missiles requires not only inertial line-of-sight(LOS)angular rate but also target maneuvering acceleration.Moreover...Aiming at intercepting large maneuvering targets precisely,the guidance law of advanced self-seeking missiles requires not only inertial line-of-sight(LOS)angular rate but also target maneuvering acceleration.Moreover,the semi-strapdown stabilization platform has lost the ability to measure the inertial LOS angular rate directly,which needs to be extracted by numerical calculation.The differential operation commonly used in traditional methods can magnify the measurement error of the sensor,resulting in insufficient calculation accuracy of the line-of-sight angular rate.By analyzing the mathematical relationship between the missile-target relative motion and the angle tracking system,a multi-process-fusion integrated filter model of relative motion and angle tracking is presented.To overcome the defect that the infrared seeker cannot directly measure the missile-target distance,following the snake-hot-eye visual mechanism,a visual bionic imaging guidance method of estimating the missile-target relative distance from the infrared images is proposed to improve the observability of the filter model.Finally,target-tracking simulations verify that the estimation accuracy of target acceleration is improved by four times.展开更多
Background： Despite its variety of potential applications, the wide implementation of infrared technology in cattle production faces technical, environmental and biological challenges similar to other indicators of m...Background： Despite its variety of potential applications, the wide implementation of infrared technology in cattle production faces technical, environmental and biological challenges similar to other indicators of metabolic state. Nine trials, divided into three classes （technological, environmental and biological factors） were conducted to illustrate the influence of these factors on body surface temperature assessed through infrared imaging. Results： Evaluation of technological factors indicated the following： measurements of body temperatures were strongly repeatable when taken within ]0 s; appropriateness of differing infrared camera technologies was influenced by distance to the target; and results were consistent when analysis of thermographs was compared between judges. Evaluation of environmental factors illustrated that wind and debris caused decreases in body surface temperatures without affecting metabolic rate; additionally, body surface temperature increased due to sunlight but returned to baseline values within minutes of shade exposure. Examination/investigation/exploration of animal factors demonstrated that exercise caused an increase in body surface temperature and metabolic rate. Administration of sedative and anti-sedative caused changes on body surface temperature and metabolic rate, and during late pregnancy a foetal thermal imprint was visible through abdominal infrared imaging. Conclusion： The above factors should be considered in order to standardize operational procedures for taking thermographs, thereby optimizing the use of such technology in cattle operations.展开更多
Experimental investigations were performed on the overall cooling effectiveness η of a flat effusion wall over a wide range of blowing ratio(M=0.47～5.27).The effusion wall had a staggered multi-hole pattern typical ...Experimental investigations were performed on the overall cooling effectiveness η of a flat effusion wall over a wide range of blowing ratio(M=0.47～5.27).The effusion wall had a staggered multi-hole pattern typical of gas turbine combustor application,with a ratio of hole pitch to row spacing P/S=1∶2,a porosity PS/d2=72,and an inclination angle α=30°.The current paper documented distribution of the overall cooling effectiveness on the wall surface,based on infrared imaging of the 2-D surface temperature field.Experimental results indicate:(1) The overall η increases along with the streamwise distance for the wide range of M due to the superposition effect of the multi-row film cooling.(2) The overall η substantially benefits from the multi-hole inside convective cooling.The hole convective cooling not only complements the weakest film protection at initial rows but also helps mitigate the temperature gradient.(3) The overall η increases asymptotically with increasing M,unlike adiabatic η mostly published in the past,which decreased after M reached a specific level.The current work showcased the end cooling outcome jointly driven by the filming cooling mechanism and the hole inside convective cooling mechanism.展开更多
Two discriminant methods,partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)and Fisher's discriminant analysis(FDA),were combined with Fourier transform infrared imaging(FTIRI)to differentiate healthy and osteoart...Two discriminant methods,partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)and Fisher's discriminant analysis(FDA),were combined with Fourier transform infrared imaging(FTIRI)to differentiate healthy and osteoarthritic articular cartilage in a canine model.Osteoarthritic cartilage had been developed for up to two years after the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)transection in one knee.Cartilage specimens were sectioned into 10μm thickness for FTIRI.A PLS-DA model was developed after spectral pre-processing.All IR spectra extracted from FTIR images were calculated by PLS-DA with the discriminant accuracy of 90%.Prior to FDA,principal component analysis(PCA)was performed to decompose the IR spectral matrix into informative princi pal component matrices.Based on the different discriminant mechanism,the discriminant accuracy(96%)of PCA-FDA with high convenience was higher than that of PLS-DA.No healthy cartilage sample was mis assigned by these two methods.The above mentioned suggested that both integrated technologies of FTIRI-PLS-DA and,especially,FTIRI-PCA-FDA could become a promising tool for the discrimination of healthy and osteoarthritic cartilage specimen as well as the diagnosis of cartilage lesion at microscopic level.The results of the study would be helpful for better understanding the pathology of osteoarthritics.展开更多
Fourier transform infrared imaging(FTIRI)was used to examine the depth-dependent content variations of macromolcular components,ollagen and protooglycan(PG),in osteoarthritic and healthy cartilages.Dried 6 pmm thick s...Fourier transform infrared imaging(FTIRI)was used to examine the depth-dependent content variations of macromolcular components,ollagen and protooglycan(PG),in osteoarthritic and healthy cartilages.Dried 6 pmm thick sections of canine knee cartilages were imaged at 6.25 pμrm pixel-size in FTIRI.By analyzing the infrared(IR)images and spectra,the depth dependence of characteristic band(sugar)intensity of PG show obvious difference bet ween the cartilage sections of(OA)and bealth.The result confimns that PG content decreases in the ostcoarthritic cartilage.However,no clear change occurs to collagen,suggesting that the OA influences little on the collagen content at early stage of OA.This observation will be helpful to further understand PG loss associated with pathological conditions in OA,and demonstrates that FIIRI has the po-tential to become an important analytical tool to identify early clinical signs of tissue degna-dation,such as PG loss even collagen disruption.展开更多
A novel portable infrared imaging system based on uncooled focal plane array and programmable system-on-chip（SoC）was proposed.The latest Xilinx Zynq-7000 was used to integrate the main part of the system into a sing...A novel portable infrared imaging system based on uncooled focal plane array and programmable system-on-chip（SoC）was proposed.The latest Xilinx Zynq-7000 was used to integrate the main part of the system into a single SoC.Parallel arithmetic units and digital modules were implemented on the programmable logic（PL）of Zynq-7000 to decrease system size and ensure the real-time p nonuniformity correction,while programs running on the processing system（PS）of Zynq-7000 controlled the system work flow and provided human-machine interfaces using open-source software such as Linux and OpenCV.Meanwhile,industry standard advanced extendable interface（AXI）buses were adopted to encapsulating standardized IP cores and build high speed data exchange bridges between units within Zynq-7000.Test results indicate that the image quality and real-time performance of the system can meet application requirements.And it provided a more flexible and extendable solution for evaluating and deploying infrared image enhancement and nonuniformity correction algorithms.展开更多
Based on an avalanche photodiode（ APD） detecting array working in Geiger mode（ GM-APD）, a high-performance infrared sensor readout integrated circuit（ ROIC） used for infrared 3D（ three-dimensional） imaging is ...Based on an avalanche photodiode（ APD） detecting array working in Geiger mode（ GM-APD）, a high-performance infrared sensor readout integrated circuit（ ROIC） used for infrared 3D（ three-dimensional） imaging is proposed. The system mainly consists of three functional modules, including active quenching circuit（ AQC）, time-to-digital converter（ TDC） circuit and other timing controller circuit. Each AQC and TDC circuit together constitutes the pixel circuit. Under the cooperation with other modules, the current signal generated by the GM-APD sensor is detected by the AQC, and the photon time-of-flight（ TOF） is measured and converted to a digital signal output to achieve a better noise suppression and a higher detection sensitivity by the TDC. The ROIC circuit is fabricated by the CSMC 0. 5 μm standard CMOS technology. The array size is 8 × 8, and the center distance of two adjacent cells is 100μm. The measurement results of the chip showthat the performance of the circuit is good, and the chip can achieve 1 ns time resolution with a 250 MHz reference clock, and the circuit can be used in the array structure of the infrared detection system or focal plane array（ FPA）.展开更多
An infrared imaging bolometer diagnostic has been upgraded recently to be adapted for the complications of the signal-to-noise ratio arising from the low level of plasma radiation and high reflectivity of low energy p...An infrared imaging bolometer diagnostic has been upgraded recently to be adapted for the complications of the signal-to-noise ratio arising from the low level of plasma radiation and high reflectivity of low energy photon（〈6.2 eV）.It utilizes a platinum foil,blackened on both sides with graphite spray,as the bolometer detector.The advantage of the blackened foil is the light absorption extending into the infrared.After a careful calibration of the foil,the incident power density distribution on the foil is determined by solving the heat diffusion equation with a numerical technique.The local plasma radiated power density is reconstructed with a minimum fisher information regularization method by assuming plasma emission toroidal symmetry.Comparisons of the results and the profiles measured by an ordinary bolometric detector demonstrate that this method is good enough to provide the plasma radiated power pattern.The typical plasma radiated power density distribution before and after high mode（H-mode） transition is firstly reconstructed with the infrared imaging bolometer.Moreover,during supersonic molecular beam injection（SMBI）,an enhanced radiation region is observed at the edge of the plasma.展开更多
In behaviour recognition, the development of the DL （Deep Learning） method introduced massive improvements in the field of artificial intelligence, where DL represents an upgrade of the present ANN （artificial neur...In behaviour recognition, the development of the DL （Deep Learning） method introduced massive improvements in the field of artificial intelligence, where DL represents an upgrade of the present ANN （artificial neural network） architecture. Deep Learning as a comprehensive new field of artificial intelligence completely covers the neural networks architecture that is devised to carry out certain forms of identification, such as behaviour, forms of things, trends, similarities in complex forms, etc. Regarding thermography in energy, the cases used to illustrate this are photographs of active energy components in the plant. Failures that are seen with thermography cannot be recognized by other methods. However, an expert needs to do segmentation of focusing and classification of failures. The need for daily sampling and expert work is growing. With the DL method, it can be done in real time any time. One of the popular network architectures for using DL in image analysis is the recognition algorithm--CNN （convolution neural network）. Traditional artificial intelligence methods require determining factors and computations, leading to training algorithm. Machine learning has important features as welt as the right weight to make decisions about new input data. This work presents DL as a flexible and adaptive method for the analysis of thermal images of energy facilities, as well as a tool used for the construction and implementation of an efficient fault analysis on the 10/0.4 kV service transformer.展开更多
With the increasing frequency of natural disasters and health emergencies,wearable infrared thermal imaging devices are becoming more prevalent in fire protection and medical fields.However,these devices often face im...With the increasing frequency of natural disasters and health emergencies,wearable infrared thermal imaging devices are becoming more prevalent in fire protection and medical fields.However,these devices often face imaging performance challenges such as insufficient contrast,dark areas and blurred edges,which significantly limit their practical effectiveness.To tackle these challenges,we propose a novel unsupervised lightweight 3D convolutional network(UL3DCN)specifically designed for enhancing infrared images on wearable devices.In this framework,the task of infrared image enhancement is conceptualized as generating high dynamic range infrared images from the corresponding temperature sequences during thermal equilibrium.To achieve this,we first design a learnable dynamic filtering module tailored for simulating a series of infrared image sequences under varying temperature differences.This module extends a single image from the spatial domain into the spatio-temporal domain.Subsequently,we employ a lightweight 3D convolution module to effectively extract spatio-temporal information from the image sequence.Finally,inspired by Zero-DCE,we utilize the extracted information to estimate pixel values and highorder curves,thereby enhancing the infrared images.Comprehensive experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves outstanding performance and real-time capabilities.Additionally,the proposed UL3DCN model has been successfully integrated into a wearable infrared firefighting mask.展开更多
Infrared thermal imaging technology has become a versatile and transformative tool in geotechnical engineering due to its non-contact,high-sensitivity,and real-time monitoring capabilities.This review explores the pri...Infrared thermal imaging technology has become a versatile and transformative tool in geotechnical engineering due to its non-contact,high-sensitivity,and real-time monitoring capabilities.This review explores the principles,applications,and future potential of infrared thermal imaging technology in the field.Key applications include measuring soil and rock properties,conducting geotechnical surveys,and monitoring geological hazards.Infrared thermal imaging technology has proven effective in detecting thermal anomalies,assessing geotechnical material characteristics,and monitoring hazards such as landslides and rockfalls.Despite its broad applications,challenges persist,including thermal interference,limitations in data processing,and complexities in technology integration.This review outlines advancements needed in algorithm optimization,integration with complementary technologies,and the expansion of applications into emerging areas such as ecological geotechnical engineering and heritage preservation.Addressing these challenges will unlock the full potential of infrared thermal imaging technology,positioning it as an essential tool for enhancing the safety,efficiency,and sustainability of geotechnical engineering practices.展开更多
Diradicaloids have garnered significant attention due to their unique electronic,photophysical properties and potential applications in functional materials.Characterized by a narrow band gap and near-infrared(NIR)abs...Diradicaloids have garnered significant attention due to their unique electronic,photophysical properties and potential applications in functional materials.Characterized by a narrow band gap and near-infrared(NIR)absorption,diradicaloids are promising candidates for NIR-guided photothermal therapy.However,they are often unstable and exhibit non-emissive properties due to high chemical reactivity and very efficient internal conversion.Herein,we report a remarkably stable Chichibabin diradicaloid,TT-CzPh,which exhibits NIR luminescence(λ_(em)=821 nm)with an efficient photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of 6.4%.Surprisingly,TT-CzPh not only exhibits excellent NIR imaging but also has a very high photothermal conversion efficiency(PCE)of 87.5%.In vivo experiments with TT-CzPh nanoparticles demonstrated their effectiveness in tumor photoablation guided by NIR imaging.This work not only advances the development of stable,efficient luminescent Chichibabin’s hydrocarbons but also opens new avenues for bioimaging and cancer phototherapy applications.展开更多
A pancreas surgeon’s constant goal is to do"less damage,more radical".Currently,a small number of highly trained surgeons opt for single-incision laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(SILPD)or single-incisio...A pancreas surgeon’s constant goal is to do"less damage,more radical".Currently,a small number of highly trained surgeons opt for single-incision laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(SILPD)or single-incision plus one-port LPD(SILPD+1)to minimize post-operative pain,improve convalescence,and provide a more pleas-ing cosmetic outcome[1,2].Additionally,some skilled surgeons have claimed that laparoscopic duodenum-preserving complete pancreatic head resections(LDPPHR)result in less trauma and en-hanced quality of life[3,4].However,LDPPHR is still challenging because of its lengthy learning curve and"sword-fighting"impact.Additionally,there has not been any global reporting on the suit-ability of single-incision plus one-port DPPHR with pancreaticogas-trostomy(SILDPPHR-T+1)in place of SILPD+1.This study aimed to illustrate the SILDPPHR-T+1 procedure specifics for a patient with pancreatic head intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(IPMN)(main pancreatic duct type)(MD-IPMN).展开更多
In the image fusion field,fusing infrared images(IRIs)and visible images(VIs)excelled is a key area.The differences between IRIs and VIs make it challenging to fuse both types into a high-quality image.Accordingly,eff...In the image fusion field,fusing infrared images(IRIs)and visible images(VIs)excelled is a key area.The differences between IRIs and VIs make it challenging to fuse both types into a high-quality image.Accordingly,efficiently combining the advantages of both images while overcoming their shortcomings is necessary.To handle this challenge,we developed an end-to-end IRI andVI fusionmethod based on frequency decomposition and enhancement.By applying concepts from frequency domain analysis,we used the layering mechanism to better capture the salient thermal targets from the IRIs and the rich textural information from the VIs,respectively,significantly boosting the image fusion quality and effectiveness.In addition,the backbone network combined Restormer Blocks and Dense Blocks;Restormer blocks utilize global attention to extract shallow features.Meanwhile,Dense Blocks ensure the integration between shallow and deep features,thereby avoiding the loss of shallow attributes.Extensive experiments on TNO and MSRS datasets demonstrated that the suggested method achieved state-of-the-art(SOTA)performance in various metrics:Entropy(EN),Mutual Information(MI),Standard Deviation(SD),The Structural Similarity Index Measure(SSIM),Fusion quality(Qabf),MI of the pixel(FMI_(pixel)),and modified Visual Information Fidelity(VIF_(m)).展开更多
Compact size,high brightness,and wide field of view(FOV)are key requirements for long-wave infrared imagers used in military surveillance or night navigation.However,to meet the imaging requirements of high resolution...Compact size,high brightness,and wide field of view(FOV)are key requirements for long-wave infrared imagers used in military surveillance or night navigation.However,to meet the imaging requirements of high resolution and wide FOV,infrared optical systems often adopt complex optical lens groups,which will increase the size and weight of the optical system.In this paper,a strategy based on wavefront coding(WFC)is proposed to design a compact wide-FOV infrared imager.A cubic phase mask is inserted into the pupil plane of the infrared imager to correct the aberration.The simulated results show that,the WFC infrared imager has good imaging quality in a wide FOV of±16°.In addition,the WFC infrared imager achieves compactness with its 40 mm×40 mm×40 mm size.A fast focal ratio of 1 combined with an entrance pupil diameter of 25 mm ensures brightness.This work is of significance for designing a compact wide-FOV infrared imager.展开更多
Image fusion technology aims to generate a more informative single image by integrating complementary information from multi-modal images.Despite the significant progress of deep learning-based fusion methods,existing...Image fusion technology aims to generate a more informative single image by integrating complementary information from multi-modal images.Despite the significant progress of deep learning-based fusion methods,existing algorithms are often limited to single or dual-dimensional feature interactions,thus struggling to fully exploit the profound complementarity between multi-modal images.To address this,this paper proposes a parallel multidimensional complementary fusion network,termed PMCFusion,for the task of infrared and visible image fusion.The core of this method is its unique parallel three-branch fusion module,PTFM,which pioneers the parallel synergistic perception and efficient integration of three distinct dimensions:spatial uncorrelation,channel-wise disparity,and frequency-domain complementarity.Leveraging meticulously designed cross-dimensional attention interactions,PTFM can selectively enhance multi-dimensional features to achieve deep complementarity.Furthermore,to enhance the detail clarity and structural integrity of the fused image,we have designed a dedicated multi-scale high-frequency detail enhancement module,HFDEM.It effectively improves the clarity of the fused image by actively extracting,enhancing,and injecting high-frequency components in a residual manner.The overall model employs a multi-scale architecture and is constrained by corresponding loss functions to ensure efficient and robust fusion across different resolutions.Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms current state-of-the-art fusion algorithms in both subjective visual effects and objective evaluation metrics.展开更多
A key limitation in the observation of instruments used in operations and heart sutures during a procedure is the scattering and absorption during optical imaging in the presence of blood.Therefore,we propose a novel ...A key limitation in the observation of instruments used in operations and heart sutures during a procedure is the scattering and absorption during optical imaging in the presence of blood.Therefore,we propose a novel real-time fiber-optic infrared imaging system simultaneously capturing a flexible wide field of view(FOV) and large depth of field infrared image in real time.The assessment criteria for imaging quality of the objective and coupling lens have been optimized and evaluated.Furthermore,the feasibility of manufacturing and assembly has been demonstrated with tolerance sensitivity and the Monte Carlo analysis.The simulated results show that the optical system can achieve a large working distance of 8 to25 mm,a wide FOV of 120°,and the relative illuminance is over 0.98 in the overall FOV.To achieve high imaging quality in the proposed system,the modulation transfer function is over 0.661 at 16.7 Ip/mm for a 320×256 short wavelength infrared camera sensor with a pixel size of 30 μm.展开更多
Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene)P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)is a relaxor ferroelectric polymer,which exhibits a temperature-independent electrocaloric effect at room temperature.In this work,the ele...Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene)P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)is a relaxor ferroelectric polymer,which exhibits a temperature-independent electrocaloric effect at room temperature.In this work,the electrocaloric effect in P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)film was directly analysed using infrared imaging.P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)64.8%/27.4%/7.8%(in mole)film of(15±1)mm thickness was deposited on polyethylene naphthalate substrate.Direct ECE of P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)film was measured from 15 to 35C at different electric fields.A maximum adiabatic temperature change(DTad)of 3.58 K was measured during the cooling cycle at a field of 100 V/mm at 30C.Finite element analysis of temperature dissipation through the sample estimated that the actual temperature change within P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)film was 4.3 K.Despite the thermal mass of the substrate,a substantial ECE was observed in P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)films.This electrocaloric terpolymer composition could be of interest for electrocaloric cooling applications.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3080200)。
文摘0 INTRODUCTION Geohazards in mountainous regions pose significant risks to the construction and safe operation of transportation,water conservancy,and other critical infrastructure projects.Engineering geological investigations are crucial for disaster prevention and mitigation.
基金co-supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M754304)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2025JJ60072)。
文摘1.Introduction Infrared Imaging Missiles(IRIMs)are advanced weapons utilizing infrared technology for target detection and tracking.Their sensors capture thermal signatures and convert them into electronic images,enabling precise target identification and tracking.To a certain extent,the all-weather adaptability of IRIMs enables their effective operation across diverse environmental conditions,providing high targeting accuracy and cost efficiency.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51979275the Joint Open Research Fund Program of State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering and Tsinghua—Ningxia Yinchuan Joint Institute of Internet of Waters on Digital Water Governance under Grant No.sklhse-2022-Iow08+2 种基金the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation,Ministry of Natural Resources under Grant No.KF-2021-06-115the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2018YFD0700603the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University.
文摘Aiming at intercepting large maneuvering targets precisely,the guidance law of advanced self-seeking missiles requires not only inertial line-of-sight(LOS)angular rate but also target maneuvering acceleration.Moreover,the semi-strapdown stabilization platform has lost the ability to measure the inertial LOS angular rate directly,which needs to be extracted by numerical calculation.The differential operation commonly used in traditional methods can magnify the measurement error of the sensor,resulting in insufficient calculation accuracy of the line-of-sight angular rate.By analyzing the mathematical relationship between the missile-target relative motion and the angle tracking system,a multi-process-fusion integrated filter model of relative motion and angle tracking is presented.To overcome the defect that the infrared seeker cannot directly measure the missile-target distance,following the snake-hot-eye visual mechanism,a visual bionic imaging guidance method of estimating the missile-target relative distance from the infrared images is proposed to improve the observability of the filter model.Finally,target-tracking simulations verify that the estimation accuracy of target acceleration is improved by four times.
基金the Beef Producers of Ontario,Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beef Cattle Research Council and Agri-Food Canada for financial support
文摘Background： Despite its variety of potential applications, the wide implementation of infrared technology in cattle production faces technical, environmental and biological challenges similar to other indicators of metabolic state. Nine trials, divided into three classes （technological, environmental and biological factors） were conducted to illustrate the influence of these factors on body surface temperature assessed through infrared imaging. Results： Evaluation of technological factors indicated the following： measurements of body temperatures were strongly repeatable when taken within ]0 s; appropriateness of differing infrared camera technologies was influenced by distance to the target; and results were consistent when analysis of thermographs was compared between judges. Evaluation of environmental factors illustrated that wind and debris caused decreases in body surface temperatures without affecting metabolic rate; additionally, body surface temperature increased due to sunlight but returned to baseline values within minutes of shade exposure. Examination/investigation/exploration of animal factors demonstrated that exercise caused an increase in body surface temperature and metabolic rate. Administration of sedative and anti-sedative caused changes on body surface temperature and metabolic rate, and during late pregnancy a foetal thermal imprint was visible through abdominal infrared imaging. Conclusion： The above factors should be considered in order to standardize operational procedures for taking thermographs, thereby optimizing the use of such technology in cattle operations.
文摘Experimental investigations were performed on the overall cooling effectiveness η of a flat effusion wall over a wide range of blowing ratio(M=0.47～5.27).The effusion wall had a staggered multi-hole pattern typical of gas turbine combustor application,with a ratio of hole pitch to row spacing P/S=1∶2,a porosity PS/d2=72,and an inclination angle α=30°.The current paper documented distribution of the overall cooling effectiveness on the wall surface,based on infrared imaging of the 2-D surface temperature field.Experimental results indicate:(1) The overall η increases along with the streamwise distance for the wide range of M due to the superposition effect of the multi-row film cooling.(2) The overall η substantially benefits from the multi-hole inside convective cooling.The hole convective cooling not only complements the weakest film protection at initial rows but also helps mitigate the temperature gradient.(3) The overall η increases asymptotically with increasing M,unlike adiabatic η mostly published in the past,which decreased after M reached a specific level.The current work showcased the end cooling outcome jointly driven by the filming cooling mechanism and the hole inside convective cooling mechanism.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China for the grant of 61378087Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20151478)+1 种基金Zhi-Hua Mao is grateful to the Open Funds for Graduate Innovation Lab of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics(kfjj20150309)and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.The raw data acquisition in FTIRI was mostly carried out in the lab of Professor Yang Xia at Oakland University(Rochester,Michigan,USA).Professor Xia was supported by an NIH grant R01-AR052353 during the time of the data acquisition.
文摘Two discriminant methods,partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)and Fisher's discriminant analysis(FDA),were combined with Fourier transform infrared imaging(FTIRI)to differentiate healthy and osteoarthritic articular cartilage in a canine model.Osteoarthritic cartilage had been developed for up to two years after the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)transection in one knee.Cartilage specimens were sectioned into 10μm thickness for FTIRI.A PLS-DA model was developed after spectral pre-processing.All IR spectra extracted from FTIR images were calculated by PLS-DA with the discriminant accuracy of 90%.Prior to FDA,principal component analysis(PCA)was performed to decompose the IR spectral matrix into informative princi pal component matrices.Based on the different discriminant mechanism,the discriminant accuracy(96%)of PCA-FDA with high convenience was higher than that of PLS-DA.No healthy cartilage sample was mis assigned by these two methods.The above mentioned suggested that both integrated technologies of FTIRI-PLS-DA and,especially,FTIRI-PCA-FDA could become a promising tool for the discrimination of healthy and osteoarthritic cartilage specimen as well as the diagnosis of cartilage lesion at microscopic level.The results of the study would be helpful for better understanding the pathology of osteoarthritics.
基金The authors are grateful to the National Institutes of Health in U.S.A.for the R01 grants(AR 045172,AR 052353)to Yang Xia.
文摘Fourier transform infrared imaging(FTIRI)was used to examine the depth-dependent content variations of macromolcular components,ollagen and protooglycan(PG),in osteoarthritic and healthy cartilages.Dried 6 pmm thick sections of canine knee cartilages were imaged at 6.25 pμrm pixel-size in FTIRI.By analyzing the infrared(IR)images and spectra,the depth dependence of characteristic band(sugar)intensity of PG show obvious difference bet ween the cartilage sections of(OA)and bealth.The result confimns that PG content decreases in the ostcoarthritic cartilage.However,no clear change occurs to collagen,suggesting that the OA influences little on the collagen content at early stage of OA.This observation will be helpful to further understand PG loss associated with pathological conditions in OA,and demonstrates that FIIRI has the po-tential to become an important analytical tool to identify early clinical signs of tissue degna-dation,such as PG loss even collagen disruption.
文摘A novel portable infrared imaging system based on uncooled focal plane array and programmable system-on-chip（SoC）was proposed.The latest Xilinx Zynq-7000 was used to integrate the main part of the system into a single SoC.Parallel arithmetic units and digital modules were implemented on the programmable logic（PL）of Zynq-7000 to decrease system size and ensure the real-time p nonuniformity correction,while programs running on the processing system（PS）of Zynq-7000 controlled the system work flow and provided human-machine interfaces using open-source software such as Linux and OpenCV.Meanwhile,industry standard advanced extendable interface（AXI）buses were adopted to encapsulating standardized IP cores and build high speed data exchange bridges between units within Zynq-7000.Test results indicate that the image quality and real-time performance of the system can meet application requirements.And it provided a more flexible and extendable solution for evaluating and deploying infrared image enhancement and nonuniformity correction algorithms.
基金The Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK2012559)Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province
文摘Based on an avalanche photodiode（ APD） detecting array working in Geiger mode（ GM-APD）, a high-performance infrared sensor readout integrated circuit（ ROIC） used for infrared 3D（ three-dimensional） imaging is proposed. The system mainly consists of three functional modules, including active quenching circuit（ AQC）, time-to-digital converter（ TDC） circuit and other timing controller circuit. Each AQC and TDC circuit together constitutes the pixel circuit. Under the cooperation with other modules, the current signal generated by the GM-APD sensor is detected by the AQC, and the photon time-of-flight（ TOF） is measured and converted to a digital signal output to achieve a better noise suppression and a higher detection sensitivity by the TDC. The ROIC circuit is fabricated by the CSMC 0. 5 μm standard CMOS technology. The array size is 8 × 8, and the center distance of two adjacent cells is 100μm. The measurement results of the chip showthat the performance of the circuit is good, and the chip can achieve 1 ns time resolution with a 250 MHz reference clock, and the circuit can be used in the array structure of the infrared detection system or focal plane array（ FPA）.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.10805016 and 11175061)the Chinese National Fusion Projectfor ITER(No.2014GB109001)
文摘An infrared imaging bolometer diagnostic has been upgraded recently to be adapted for the complications of the signal-to-noise ratio arising from the low level of plasma radiation and high reflectivity of low energy photon（〈6.2 eV）.It utilizes a platinum foil,blackened on both sides with graphite spray,as the bolometer detector.The advantage of the blackened foil is the light absorption extending into the infrared.After a careful calibration of the foil,the incident power density distribution on the foil is determined by solving the heat diffusion equation with a numerical technique.The local plasma radiated power density is reconstructed with a minimum fisher information regularization method by assuming plasma emission toroidal symmetry.Comparisons of the results and the profiles measured by an ordinary bolometric detector demonstrate that this method is good enough to provide the plasma radiated power pattern.The typical plasma radiated power density distribution before and after high mode（H-mode） transition is firstly reconstructed with the infrared imaging bolometer.Moreover,during supersonic molecular beam injection（SMBI）,an enhanced radiation region is observed at the edge of the plasma.
文摘In behaviour recognition, the development of the DL （Deep Learning） method introduced massive improvements in the field of artificial intelligence, where DL represents an upgrade of the present ANN （artificial neural network） architecture. Deep Learning as a comprehensive new field of artificial intelligence completely covers the neural networks architecture that is devised to carry out certain forms of identification, such as behaviour, forms of things, trends, similarities in complex forms, etc. Regarding thermography in energy, the cases used to illustrate this are photographs of active energy components in the plant. Failures that are seen with thermography cannot be recognized by other methods. However, an expert needs to do segmentation of focusing and classification of failures. The need for daily sampling and expert work is growing. With the DL method, it can be done in real time any time. One of the popular network architectures for using DL in image analysis is the recognition algorithm--CNN （convolution neural network）. Traditional artificial intelligence methods require determining factors and computations, leading to training algorithm. Machine learning has important features as welt as the right weight to make decisions about new input data. This work presents DL as a flexible and adaptive method for the analysis of thermal images of energy facilities, as well as a tool used for the construction and implementation of an efficient fault analysis on the 10/0.4 kV service transformer.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62406264 and 61727809)the project of University of Science and Technology of China-Huadong Photoelectric Co.,Ltd.,China(Grant No.OSHT-202311003)Anhui Provincial Science and Technology Major Project,China(Grant No.202203a05020042).
文摘With the increasing frequency of natural disasters and health emergencies,wearable infrared thermal imaging devices are becoming more prevalent in fire protection and medical fields.However,these devices often face imaging performance challenges such as insufficient contrast,dark areas and blurred edges,which significantly limit their practical effectiveness.To tackle these challenges,we propose a novel unsupervised lightweight 3D convolutional network(UL3DCN)specifically designed for enhancing infrared images on wearable devices.In this framework,the task of infrared image enhancement is conceptualized as generating high dynamic range infrared images from the corresponding temperature sequences during thermal equilibrium.To achieve this,we first design a learnable dynamic filtering module tailored for simulating a series of infrared image sequences under varying temperature differences.This module extends a single image from the spatial domain into the spatio-temporal domain.Subsequently,we employ a lightweight 3D convolution module to effectively extract spatio-temporal information from the image sequence.Finally,inspired by Zero-DCE,we utilize the extracted information to estimate pixel values and highorder curves,thereby enhancing the infrared images.Comprehensive experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves outstanding performance and real-time capabilities.Additionally,the proposed UL3DCN model has been successfully integrated into a wearable infrared firefighting mask.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42461160293 and 42230710)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20221250).
文摘Infrared thermal imaging technology has become a versatile and transformative tool in geotechnical engineering due to its non-contact,high-sensitivity,and real-time monitoring capabilities.This review explores the principles,applications,and future potential of infrared thermal imaging technology in the field.Key applications include measuring soil and rock properties,conducting geotechnical surveys,and monitoring geological hazards.Infrared thermal imaging technology has proven effective in detecting thermal anomalies,assessing geotechnical material characteristics,and monitoring hazards such as landslides and rockfalls.Despite its broad applications,challenges persist,including thermal interference,limitations in data processing,and complexities in technology integration.This review outlines advancements needed in algorithm optimization,integration with complementary technologies,and the expansion of applications into emerging areas such as ecological geotechnical engineering and heritage preservation.Addressing these challenges will unlock the full potential of infrared thermal imaging technology,positioning it as an essential tool for enhancing the safety,efficiency,and sustainability of geotechnical engineering practices.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFB3208303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62422404,62171194,52103210)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(No.20230101363JC).
文摘Diradicaloids have garnered significant attention due to their unique electronic,photophysical properties and potential applications in functional materials.Characterized by a narrow band gap and near-infrared(NIR)absorption,diradicaloids are promising candidates for NIR-guided photothermal therapy.However,they are often unstable and exhibit non-emissive properties due to high chemical reactivity and very efficient internal conversion.Herein,we report a remarkably stable Chichibabin diradicaloid,TT-CzPh,which exhibits NIR luminescence(λ_(em)=821 nm)with an efficient photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of 6.4%.Surprisingly,TT-CzPh not only exhibits excellent NIR imaging but also has a very high photothermal conversion efficiency(PCE)of 87.5%.In vivo experiments with TT-CzPh nanoparticles demonstrated their effectiveness in tumor photoablation guided by NIR imaging.This work not only advances the development of stable,efficient luminescent Chichibabin’s hydrocarbons but also opens new avenues for bioimaging and cancer phototherapy applications.
基金supported by grants from the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(81302161 and 82003103)the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2021YFS0375 and 2020YJ0450).
文摘A pancreas surgeon’s constant goal is to do"less damage,more radical".Currently,a small number of highly trained surgeons opt for single-incision laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(SILPD)or single-incision plus one-port LPD(SILPD+1)to minimize post-operative pain,improve convalescence,and provide a more pleas-ing cosmetic outcome[1,2].Additionally,some skilled surgeons have claimed that laparoscopic duodenum-preserving complete pancreatic head resections(LDPPHR)result in less trauma and en-hanced quality of life[3,4].However,LDPPHR is still challenging because of its lengthy learning curve and"sword-fighting"impact.Additionally,there has not been any global reporting on the suit-ability of single-incision plus one-port DPPHR with pancreaticogas-trostomy(SILDPPHR-T+1)in place of SILPD+1.This study aimed to illustrate the SILDPPHR-T+1 procedure specifics for a patient with pancreatic head intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(IPMN)(main pancreatic duct type)(MD-IPMN).
基金funded by Anhui Province University Key Science and Technology Project(2024AH053415)Anhui Province University Major Science and Technology Project(2024AH040229)+3 种基金Talent Research Initiation Fund Project of Tongling University(2024tlxyrc019)Tongling University School-Level Scientific Research Project(2024tlxyptZD07)TheUniversity Synergy Innovation Programof Anhui Province(GXXT-2023-050)Tongling City Science and Technology Major Special Project(Unveiling and Commanding Model)(200401JB004).
文摘In the image fusion field,fusing infrared images(IRIs)and visible images(VIs)excelled is a key area.The differences between IRIs and VIs make it challenging to fuse both types into a high-quality image.Accordingly,efficiently combining the advantages of both images while overcoming their shortcomings is necessary.To handle this challenge,we developed an end-to-end IRI andVI fusionmethod based on frequency decomposition and enhancement.By applying concepts from frequency domain analysis,we used the layering mechanism to better capture the salient thermal targets from the IRIs and the rich textural information from the VIs,respectively,significantly boosting the image fusion quality and effectiveness.In addition,the backbone network combined Restormer Blocks and Dense Blocks;Restormer blocks utilize global attention to extract shallow features.Meanwhile,Dense Blocks ensure the integration between shallow and deep features,thereby avoiding the loss of shallow attributes.Extensive experiments on TNO and MSRS datasets demonstrated that the suggested method achieved state-of-the-art(SOTA)performance in various metrics:Entropy(EN),Mutual Information(MI),Standard Deviation(SD),The Structural Similarity Index Measure(SSIM),Fusion quality(Qabf),MI of the pixel(FMI_(pixel)),and modified Visual Information Fidelity(VIF_(m)).
文摘Compact size,high brightness,and wide field of view(FOV)are key requirements for long-wave infrared imagers used in military surveillance or night navigation.However,to meet the imaging requirements of high resolution and wide FOV,infrared optical systems often adopt complex optical lens groups,which will increase the size and weight of the optical system.In this paper,a strategy based on wavefront coding(WFC)is proposed to design a compact wide-FOV infrared imager.A cubic phase mask is inserted into the pupil plane of the infrared imager to correct the aberration.The simulated results show that,the WFC infrared imager has good imaging quality in a wide FOV of±16°.In addition,the WFC infrared imager achieves compactness with its 40 mm×40 mm×40 mm size.A fast focal ratio of 1 combined with an entrance pupil diameter of 25 mm ensures brightness.This work is of significance for designing a compact wide-FOV infrared imager.
基金supported in part by the Funds for Central-Guided Local Science&Technology Development(Grant No.202407AC110005)Key Technologies for the Construction of a Whole-Process Intelligent Service System for Neuroendocrine Neoplasmin part by the Xingdian Talent Project of Yunnan Province.The key technology research and application of cross-domain automatic business collaboration in smart tourism(XYYC-CYCX-2022-0005)in part by the Yunnan Province Zhangjun ExpertWorkstation(No.202205AF150081).
文摘Image fusion technology aims to generate a more informative single image by integrating complementary information from multi-modal images.Despite the significant progress of deep learning-based fusion methods,existing algorithms are often limited to single or dual-dimensional feature interactions,thus struggling to fully exploit the profound complementarity between multi-modal images.To address this,this paper proposes a parallel multidimensional complementary fusion network,termed PMCFusion,for the task of infrared and visible image fusion.The core of this method is its unique parallel three-branch fusion module,PTFM,which pioneers the parallel synergistic perception and efficient integration of three distinct dimensions:spatial uncorrelation,channel-wise disparity,and frequency-domain complementarity.Leveraging meticulously designed cross-dimensional attention interactions,PTFM can selectively enhance multi-dimensional features to achieve deep complementarity.Furthermore,to enhance the detail clarity and structural integrity of the fused image,we have designed a dedicated multi-scale high-frequency detail enhancement module,HFDEM.It effectively improves the clarity of the fused image by actively extracting,enhancing,and injecting high-frequency components in a residual manner.The overall model employs a multi-scale architecture and is constrained by corresponding loss functions to ensure efficient and robust fusion across different resolutions.Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms current state-of-the-art fusion algorithms in both subjective visual effects and objective evaluation metrics.
基金supported by the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee Innovation Grant (No. 19ZR1404600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52075100)
文摘A key limitation in the observation of instruments used in operations and heart sutures during a procedure is the scattering and absorption during optical imaging in the presence of blood.Therefore,we propose a novel real-time fiber-optic infrared imaging system simultaneously capturing a flexible wide field of view(FOV) and large depth of field infrared image in real time.The assessment criteria for imaging quality of the objective and coupling lens have been optimized and evaluated.Furthermore,the feasibility of manufacturing and assembly has been demonstrated with tolerance sensitivity and the Monte Carlo analysis.The simulated results show that the optical system can achieve a large working distance of 8 to25 mm,a wide FOV of 120°,and the relative illuminance is over 0.98 in the overall FOV.To achieve high imaging quality in the proposed system,the modulation transfer function is over 0.661 at 16.7 Ip/mm for a 320×256 short wavelength infrared camera sensor with a pixel size of 30 μm.
基金Fonds National de la Recherche(FNR)of Luxembourg under the grant THERMODIMAT/C20/MS/14718071//Defay,CAMELHEAT/C17/MS/11703691/Defay,MASSENA PRIDE/MASSENA/15/10935404/Defay Siebentritt and CALPOL BRIDGES 2O2O/MS/15410586/Defay.
文摘Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene)P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)is a relaxor ferroelectric polymer,which exhibits a temperature-independent electrocaloric effect at room temperature.In this work,the electrocaloric effect in P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)film was directly analysed using infrared imaging.P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)64.8%/27.4%/7.8%(in mole)film of(15±1)mm thickness was deposited on polyethylene naphthalate substrate.Direct ECE of P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)film was measured from 15 to 35C at different electric fields.A maximum adiabatic temperature change(DTad)of 3.58 K was measured during the cooling cycle at a field of 100 V/mm at 30C.Finite element analysis of temperature dissipation through the sample estimated that the actual temperature change within P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)film was 4.3 K.Despite the thermal mass of the substrate,a substantial ECE was observed in P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)films.This electrocaloric terpolymer composition could be of interest for electrocaloric cooling applications.
