In the present paper, an ‘in-house＇ genetic algorithm was numerically and experimentally validated. The genetic algorithm was applied to an optimization problem for improving the aerodynamic performances of an aircr...In the present paper, an ‘in-house＇ genetic algorithm was numerically and experimentally validated. The genetic algorithm was applied to an optimization problem for improving the aerodynamic performances of an aircraft wing tip through upper surface morphing. The optimization was performed for 16 flight cases expressed in terms of various combinations of speeds, angles of attack and aileron deflections. The displacements resulted from the optimization were used during the wind tunnel tests of the wing tip demonstrator for the actuators control to change the upper surface shape of the wing. The results of the optimization of the flow behavior for the airfoil morphing upper-surface problem were validated with wind tunnel experimental transition results obtained with infra-red Thermography on the wing-tip demonstrator. The validation proved that the 2D numerical optimization using the ‘in-house＇ genetic algorithm was an appropriate tool in improving various aspects of a wing＇s aerodynamic performances.展开更多
A new method to detect multiple outliers in multivariate data is proposed. It is a combination of minimum subsets, resampling and self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm introduced by Kohonen,which provides a robust way w...A new method to detect multiple outliers in multivariate data is proposed. It is a combination of minimum subsets, resampling and self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm introduced by Kohonen,which provides a robust way with neural network. In this method, the number and organization of the neurons are selected by the characteristics of the spectra, e.g., the spectra data are often changed linearly with the concentration of the components and are often measured repeatedly, etc. So the spatial distribution of the neurons can be arranged by this characteristic. With this method, all the outliers in the spectra can be detected, which cannot be solved by the traditional method, and the speed of computation is higher than that of the traditional neural network method. The results of the simulation and the experiment show that this method is simple, effective, intuitionistic and all the outliers in the spectra can be detected in a short time. It is useful when associated with the regression model in the near infra-red research.展开更多
Alzheimers disease(AD)is a chronic neurodegenerative disease.The symptoms include memoryand spatial learning dificulties,language disorders,and loss of motivation,which get worse overtime,eventually ending in death.No...Alzheimers disease(AD)is a chronic neurodegenerative disease.The symptoms include memoryand spatial learning dificulties,language disorders,and loss of motivation,which get worse overtime,eventually ending in death.No ffective treatments are available for AD,currently.Currenttreatments only attenuate symptoms temporarily and are associated with severe side ffects.Nearinfra-red(NIR)light has been studied for a long time.We investigated the effect of NIR on ADusing a transgenic mouse model,which was obtained by co-injecting two vectors carrying ADmutations in amyloid precursor protein(APP)and presenilin-i(PSEN1)into C57BL/6J mice.The irradiation equipment consisted of an accommodating box and an LED array.The wave-length of NIR light emitted from LED was between 1040 nm and 1090 nm.The power densitydelivered at the level of the mice was approximately 15 mW/cm^(2),Firstly,we treated the micewith NIR for 40 days,Then,the irradiation was suspended for 28 days.Finally,another 15 daystreatment was brought to mice.We conducted Morris water maze and immunofluorescenceanalysis to evaluate the effects of treatment.Immunofuorescence analysis was based on mea-suring the quantity of plaques in mouse brain slices,Our results show that NIR light improvesmemory and spatial learning ability and reduces plaques moderately.NIR light represents apotential treatment for AD.展开更多
Introduction: Infra-red (IR) thermometry is a safe and valid method to determine internal and surface temperature in human subjects. Under conditions of brain damage (head injury or stroke) knowledge of changes in the...Introduction: Infra-red (IR) thermometry is a safe and valid method to determine internal and surface temperature in human subjects. Under conditions of brain damage (head injury or stroke) knowledge of changes in the temperature of intracranial tissue is justified because of the vulnerability of neurons to accelerated damage at temperatures at the upper end of the febrile range. Aim: To determine the temperature at the inner canthus (IC) of the eye as a potential surrogate for brain temperature. Methods: Invasive monitoring of deep brain structures, lateral ventricle and deep white matter. IR temperature readings obtained at right and left IC. Results: ?Strong correlations were evident between R and L IC and brain. Close, as well as poor, agreement between?? sites was shown in some patients and at some times. For right hemispheric lesions four had a better correlation between TbrV and TRIC when compared to TLIC.? When the correlation between TbrV and TLIC was better compared to TbrV and TRIC, four had a predominant right hemispheric lesion. Conclusions: Improved techniques for IR thermal imaging accuracy at the bedside has the potential to improve temperature measurement agreement. The predominant lesion side may have a bearing on maximum ipsilateral IC temperature Further studies are ongoing in this pilot study population.展开更多
Cases are presented to reveal how modern computerised infra-red thermal imaging has the potential to assist in early breast cancer detection. The history of thermography and some recent controversies surrounding mammo...Cases are presented to reveal how modern computerised infra-red thermal imaging has the potential to assist in early breast cancer detection. The history of thermography and some recent controversies surrounding mammography are discussed. Examples of thermal imaging combined with naturopathic interventions are described. Since 2002, more than 8000 women in New Zealand have chosen to include thermal imaging as a part of their breast health management. Breast thermal imaging combined with relevant health advice, resulted in a perceived worthwhile benefit to patients in managing overall health.展开更多
To develop efficient luminescence and optical thermometry materials for color display and non-contact temperature measurement,novel RE^(3+)(RE=Eu,Sm)doped self-activated Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12)phosphors were prepare...To develop efficient luminescence and optical thermometry materials for color display and non-contact temperature measurement,novel RE^(3+)(RE=Eu,Sm)doped self-activated Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12)phosphors were prepared by a typical solid-state reaction method.Their crystal structure,morphology,multi-color luminescence and temperature sensing properties were elaborately investigated.Under UV light excitation,an intense and broad green-yellow emission band from VO_(4)^(3-)group is observed in the Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12)matrix,indicating its potential application in solid state lighting.After the incorpo ration of Eu^(3+)and Sm^(3+)ions,efficient energy transfer(ET)from VO_(4)^(3-)group to Eu^(3+)/Sm^(3+)ions occurs and the emission color of the samples can be readily tuned among different color ranges.Besides,based on the change of luminescence intensity and lifetimes of VO_(4)^(3-)group in Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12):Eu^(3+)and Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12):Sm^(3+),the ET efficiency was analyzed and the mechanism is illustrated.Finally,large discrepancy between the thermal stability of VO_(4)^(3-)group and Eu^(3+)/Sm^(3+)ions is observed in the temperature-dependent emission spectra of Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12):Eu^(3+)and Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12):Sm^(3+).By taking advantage of the luminescence intensity ratio(LIR)between VO_(4)^(3-)group and Eu^(3+)/Sm^(3+)ions in Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12):0.01Eu^(3+)and Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12):0.07Sm^(3+),two new types of optical thermometry mediums were designed and their basic temperature sensing parameters were calculated.展开更多
Optical thermometry has attracted great attention because it enables accurate temperature measurement in harsh environments due to non-contact temperature measurement.Three-dimensional(3D)lead-free halide perovskites ...Optical thermometry has attracted great attention because it enables accurate temperature measurement in harsh environments due to non-contact temperature measurement.Three-dimensional(3D)lead-free halide perovskites have a great application potential in this field,due to its outstanding luminous properties and stability.In this work,the Sb^(3+)and Er^(3+)are introduced in Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6)double perovskites(DPs).The Sb^(3+)doping Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6)DPs exhibits bright blue emission from the Sb^(3+)activated self-trapped excitons(STEs) and Sb^(3+),Er^(3+)co-doped Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6)has efficient green emission with excellent photo luminescence quantum yields(PLQY) of 81.1% because of the presence of energy transfer from self-trapped excitons to Er^(3+)ions.Excitingly,the ratio between the fluorescence intensity at 524and 550 nm(FIR(I524 nm/I550 nm)) and the ratio between the fluorescence intensity at 524 and 456 nm(FIR(I524 nm/I456 nm)) both have a high correlation with temperature in the range of 298-473 K.The maximum of relative sensitivity values reach to 1.18%/K(I524 nm/I550 nm) and 1.19%/K(I524 nm/I456 nm) at298 K,respectively.The outstanding temperature sensitivity suggests that the Sb^(3+),Er^(3+)co-doped Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6)has enormous application potential in ratio metric optical thermometry.展开更多
To meet the high demands of modern technology for temperature sensors,Lu_(2)WO_(6):Sm^(3+)self-activated phosphors were selected to design four-mode optical thermometers.A comprehensive investigation was conducted on ...To meet the high demands of modern technology for temperature sensors,Lu_(2)WO_(6):Sm^(3+)self-activated phosphors were selected to design four-mode optical thermometers.A comprehensive investigation was conducted on the synthetic method,structural and luminescent characteristics,and energy transfer mechanism([WO6]6-→Sm^(3+)). Due to the different temperature responses of two emission centers([WO6]6-and Sm^(3+)),the temperature sensing capability of Lu_(2)WO_(6):Sm^(3+)phosphors was studied.Fluorescence intensity(FI),fluorescence intensity ratio(FIR),Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates and excitation intensity ratio are the four modes for temperature sensing,and their maximum relative sensitivities are 2.62%/K(350 K),2.06%/K(320 K),0.67%/K(329 K) and 2.42%/K(303 K),respectively.Furthermore,within 303-483 K temperature range,the relative sensitivities based on FI and FIR are bigger than 1.67%/K and 1.16%/K,respectively.Our findings suggest that Lu_(2)WO_(6):Sm^(3+)phosphors with four temperature measurement modes might be applied in multi-mode self-calibration optical thermometers.展开更多
Photothermal catalysis represents an emerging technology for solar energy conversion that combines the principles and advantages of photoand thermal catalytic mechanisms[1–5].Driven by the inter/intra-band transition...Photothermal catalysis represents an emerging technology for solar energy conversion that combines the principles and advantages of photoand thermal catalytic mechanisms[1–5].Driven by the inter/intra-band transitions and subsequent electron-phonon scattering processes,photothermal catalysts can achieve rapid and highly localized heating,providing thermal activation to the chemical conversions.Besides,direct participation of photo-generated charge carriers could also drastically reduce the activation energy barriers and modulate the catalytic pathways.However,distinction between thermal and non-thermal contributions remains a key challenge for both fundamental understandings and large-scale applications of photothermal catalysis[6,7].This issue is largely due to a lack of precise in-situ surface-temperature measurement techniques that accurately quantify the light-to-heat conversion under reaction conditions at the nanoscale.Conventional macroscopic temperature measurement techniques,such as infrared cameras and thermocouples,suffer from the lack of spatiotemporal resolutions required for the localized photothermal conversion.They are,thus,measuring an average temperature of the ambient medium.Besides,they typically cannot be applied in in-situ temperature measurements,which is crucial since inaccurate heat dissipation rates may be predicted by ex-situ temperature measurement techniques.For instance,differences in gas pressure,composition and flow rate could lead to significantly different convective heat fluxes.展开更多
To control drug effects by detecting temperature difference between biologically active point（BAP）and intact area of skin for treatment of mental illness,a device is developed for monitoring the temperature of BAP a...To control drug effects by detecting temperature difference between biologically active point（BAP）and intact area of skin for treatment of mental illness,a device is developed for monitoring the temperature of BAP and the dose medication and its change in real time to increase effectiveness of treatment.Two electrodes by Foll R method are used and BAP is determined based on topographic anatomical reference points.The temperature values are measured by integral thermometers DS18B20.the received data are processed and temperature difference is calculated and displayed under the control of microcontroller Atmega32.The obtained data confirm the correlation between the temperature difference indicators BAP C7,Gi4 and neurological scales assessing severity of mental illness.The experimetal results show that the temperature difference can be criteria for evaluating the effects of drugs,which is the basis for computer control systems of of medical process of mental patients.展开更多
Musculoskeletal injuries are among the most common causes of disability worldwide,with early detection and appropriate intervention critical to minimizing long-term complications.Infrared thermography(IRT)has emerged ...Musculoskeletal injuries are among the most common causes of disability worldwide,with early detection and appropriate intervention critical to minimizing long-term complications.Infrared thermography(IRT)has emerged as a noninvasive,real-time imaging modality that captures superficial temperature changes reflecting underlying physiological processes such as inflammation and vascular alterations.This review explores the fundamental principles of medical thermography,differentiates between passive and active approaches,and outlines key technological advancements including artificial intelligence integration.The clinical utility of IRT is discussed in various contexts–ranging from acute soft tissue injuries and overuse syndromes to chronic pain and rehabilitation monitoring.Comparative insights with conventional imaging techniques such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are also presented.While IRT offers functional imaging capabilities with advantages in portability,safety,and speed,its limitations–such as lack of deep-tissue penetration and protocol standardization–remain significant barriers to broader adoption.Future directions include the integration of IRT with other imaging modalities and digital health platforms to enhance musculoskeletal assessment and injury prevention strategies.展开更多
The recently discovered Damoqujia （大磨曲家） gold deposit is a large shear zone-hosted gold deposit of disseminated sulphides located in the north of the Zhaoping （招平） fault zone, Jiaodong （胶东） gold province...The recently discovered Damoqujia （大磨曲家） gold deposit is a large shear zone-hosted gold deposit of disseminated sulphides located in the north of the Zhaoping （招平） fault zone, Jiaodong （胶东） gold province, China. In order to distinguish the temperature range of cluster inclusions from different mineralization stages and measure their compositions, 16 fluid inclusions and 5 isotopic geochemistry samples were collected for this study. Corresponding to different mineralization stages, the multirange peaks of quartz decrepitation temperature （250-270, 310-360 and 380-430℃） indicate that the activity of ore-forming fluids is characterized by multistage. The ore-forming fluids were predominantly of high-temperature fluid system （HTFS） by CO2-rich, and SO4^2--K^＋ type magmatic fluid during the early stage of mineralization and were subsequently affected by low-temperature fluid system （LTFS） of CH4-rich, and Cl^--Na^＋/Ca^2＋ type meteoric fluid during the late stage of mineralization. Gold is transferred by Au-HS^- complex in the HTFS, and Au-Cl^- complex can be more important in the LTFS. The transition of fluids from deeper to shallow environments results in mixing between the HTFS and LTFS, which might be one of the most key reasons for gold precipitation and large-scale mineralization. The ore-forming fluids are characterized by high-temperature, strong-activity, and superimposed mineralization, so that there is a great probability of forming large and rich ore deposit in the Damoqujia gold deposit. The main bodies are preserved and extend toward deeper parts, thereby suggesting a great potential in future.展开更多
Herein,we reported Er^3+/Yb^3+co-doped CaLaAl3O7 up-conversion phosphors synthesized via solid state reaction,which was further explored as a new optical thermometry.The luminescent properties of Er^3+or Er^3+/Yb^3+do...Herein,we reported Er^3+/Yb^3+co-doped CaLaAl3O7 up-conversion phosphors synthesized via solid state reaction,which was further explored as a new optical thermometry.The luminescent properties of Er^3+or Er^3+/Yb^3+doped CaLaAl3O7 phosphor was studied in detail.The two-photon process for the green emissions of Er^3+were confirmed by the power-dependent luminescence.The up-conversion optical temperature sensing performances of the Er^3+/Yb^3+-codoped CaLaAl3O7 phosphor were investigated based on the FIR technique.The maximum sensitivity of this phosphor can reach about 0.00345 K-1 at 453 K,which reveals this phosphor can be a promising candidate for optical thermometry devices.展开更多
Er^(3+)-Yb^(3+)-Li^+:Gd_2(MoO_4)_3 and Er^(3+)-Yb^(3+)-Zn^(2+):Gd_2(MoO_4)_3 nanophosphors,synthesized by chemical co-precipitation technique were characterized through XRD,FESEM,dynamic light scattering(DLS),diffuse ...Er^(3+)-Yb^(3+)-Li^+:Gd_2(MoO_4)_3 and Er^(3+)-Yb^(3+)-Zn^(2+):Gd_2(MoO_4)_3 nanophosphors,synthesized by chemical co-precipitation technique were characterized through XRD,FESEM,dynamic light scattering(DLS),diffuse reflectance,photoluminescence,photometric and decay time analysis.The enhancement of about~28,~149 and~351 times in the green upconversion emission band is observed for the optimized Er^(3+)-Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)-Yb^(3+)-Li^+and Er^(3+)-Yb^(3+)-Zn^(2+):Gd_2(MoO_4)_3 nanophosphors in comparison to the singly Er^(3+)doped nanophosphors.The electric dipole-dipole interaction is found to be responsible for the concentration quenching.The temperature dependent behaviour of the two green thermally coupled levels of the Er^(3+)ions based on the fluorescence intensity ratio technique was studied.The maximum sensor sensitivity~38.7×10^(-3)K^(-1)at 473 K for optimized Er^(3+)-Yb^(3+)-Zn^(2+)codoped Gd_2(MoO_4)_3 nanophosphors is reported with maximum population redistribution ability~88%among the~2H_(11/2)and~4S_(3/2)levels.展开更多
In order to overcome the effect of the assumption between emissivity and wavelength on the measurement of true temperature and spectral emissivity for most engineering materials, a neural network based method is propo...In order to overcome the effect of the assumption between emissivity and wavelength on the measurement of true temperature and spectral emissivity for most engineering materials, a neural network based method is proposed for data processing while a blackbody furnace and three optical filters with known spectral transmittance curves were used to make up a true target. The experimental results show that the calculated temperatures are in good agreement with the temperature of the blackbody furnace, and the calculated spectral emissivity curves are in good agreement with the spectral transmittance curves of the filters. The method proposed has been proved to be an effective method for solving the problem of true temperature and emissivity measurement, and it can overcome the effect of the assumption between emissivity and wavelength on the measurement of true temperature and spectral emissivity for most engineering materials.展开更多
The effect of arc on radiation thermometry is analyzed in a field close to the arc during the welding process, and the ratio of signal to noise and other factors are obtained for a small current arc .The method of the...The effect of arc on radiation thermometry is analyzed in a field close to the arc during the welding process, and the ratio of signal to noise and other factors are obtained for a small current arc .The method of the temperature measurement is feasible when the arc current is decreased to a smaller value in the welding process.展开更多
Optical thermometers have aroused considerable attention in recent years,and the increasing demand of sensitivity for practical application encourages the investigation on developing innovative non-contact optical the...Optical thermometers have aroused considerable attention in recent years,and the increasing demand of sensitivity for practical application encourages the investigation on developing innovative non-contact optical thermo metric materials with higher sensitivity and accuracy.Perovskite quantum dots(QDs)with excellent temperature-dependence optical properties,provide a feasible approach to realizing the detection of temperature change,however,their poor high temperature thermal stability and the facile realization to obtain the production remain a daunting challenge.Herein,growing Tb^(3+)-doped CsPbl_(3) QDs in situ in borosilicate glass is proposed,which ensures the phase stability,and high-efficiency florescence output of the all-inorganic perovskite as a temperature sensor.A higher absolute and relative temperature sensitivity(0.0398 K^(-1) and 7.12%/K,respectively),along with the visible color change from orange-red to yellow-green with the increase of temperature is accomplished.Notably,the repeatable florescence intensity of Tb^(3+)-doped CsPbl_(3) QDs under high temperature enables their temperature sensing application.展开更多
Regulating luminescent dynamics of lanthanide-based luminescent materials via external stimuli is of great significance in the fields of optical thermometry and high-level anti-counterfeiting.However,it is still a hug...Regulating luminescent dynamics of lanthanide-based luminescent materials via external stimuli is of great significance in the fields of optical thermometry and high-level anti-counterfeiting.However,it is still a huge challenge to realize multimodal emissions with tunable color outputs from a single activator in simple structures via smart dynamic control of photon transition processes.Herein,we present a mechanistic strategy to achieve multimodal luminescence of Er^(3+)activators with color-switchable outputs in a non-core-shell host.Under the control of excitation dynamics(λ_(ex)=980,808,1532,377 nm),the population among the intermediate en ergy levels of Er^(3+)and the interaction between Er^(3+)and Yb^(3+)could be precisely modulated through energy transfer and migration processes,leading to the generation of colortunable multimodal luminescence upon diverse excitation modes(non-steady-state,single-/dual-wavelength steady,thermal activation).Inspired by its special luminescent performance,the as-obtained material exhibits great potential in noncontact thermometry,multimodal anticounterfeiting,and high-capacity information encryption by performing a series of proof-of-concept experiments.Our findings might provide a conceptual model to modulate the luminescent dynamics in a simple-structured system for the generation of color-adjustable multimodal emissions,which is convenient for the development of advanced luminescent materials toward versatile cuttingedge applications.展开更多
In order to meet the needs of new materials gradually developing towards miniaturization,integration,and light weight,multifunctional BaNb_(2)O_(6):Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+)/Tm^(3+)transparent glass-ceramics were success-fully ...In order to meet the needs of new materials gradually developing towards miniaturization,integration,and light weight,multifunctional BaNb_(2)O_(6):Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+)/Tm^(3+)transparent glass-ceramics were success-fully prepared by melt quenching and controllable crystallization.Its structure,luminescence,and en-ergy transmission were studied.Using the opposite temperature dependence of the Tm^(3+)emission band and the corresponding large energy level gap,a maximum relative sensitivity of 2.3%K^(-1)based on thermal coupling levels(TCLs)is obtained in a wide temperature range(298-673 K).The multi-ratio optical thermometry based on TCLs and non-TCLs is successfully realized by using the different emission bands of double emission centers,which makes it possible for self-reference optical temperature measurement modes.In addition,the transparent glass-ceramic exhibits excellent electrical properties under 700 kV cm^(-1)electric field:high discharge energy density(W_(d)=0.99 J cm^(-3)),huge instantaneous power density(225.3 MW cm^(-3)),and ultra-fast discharge rate(T_(0.9)≤15.8 ns).The prepared glass-ceramic is expected to be a new type of lead-free multifunctional photoelectric material for temperature sensors and transparent electronic devices.展开更多
The Er3+doped double perovskite Ba_(2)CaWO_(6) crystal is a promising ratiometric thermometer based on the fluorescence intensity ratio(FIR) of transitions from ^(2)H_(11/2) and ^(4)S_(3/2) to the lowered ^(4)I_(15/2)...The Er3+doped double perovskite Ba_(2)CaWO_(6) crystal is a promising ratiometric thermometer based on the fluorescence intensity ratio(FIR) of transitions from ^(2)H_(11/2) and ^(4)S_(3/2) to the lowered ^(4)I_(15/2) level.However,the Ca^(2+) vacancy defect caused by the charge difference between rare-earth ions and the substituted alkaline-earth ions gives rise to the non-radiative probability and limits the thermal sensitivity.Here,the up-conversion luminescence and thermometric performance of Er^(3+),Yb^(3+) dopedBa_(2)CaWO_(6) are tuned by tri-doping with alkaline ions.The Ca^(2+) vacancy defect can be eliminated by the introduction of Na^(+),which occupies the Ca^(2+) site when it is doped into Ba_(2)CaWO_(6) with Er^(3+) and Yb^(3+).On the contrary,the doping of Cs^(+) into Ba_(2)CaWO_(6) with Er^(3+) and Yb^(3+) enhances the defect concentration because it occupies the site of Ba^(2+).Thus,the tri-doping of Na^(+) reduces the non-radiative probability and enhances the quantum efficiency of Er^(3+),leading to the improvement of the thermometric sensitivity of Ba_(2)CaWO_(6).As a result,we get an excellent thermometric Ba_(2)CaWO_(6):8%Yb^(3+),3.5%Er^(3+),6%Na^(+) powder with a luminescence lifetime of 515 μs and maximum thermal sensitivity(S_(r)) of 1.45%/K,which is more than three times higher than that of the BCWO:Er^(3+) powder.展开更多
基金Bombardier Aerospace,Thales Canada,The Consortium in Research and Aerospace in Canada(CRIAQ)the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)for their financial support
文摘In the present paper, an ‘in-house＇ genetic algorithm was numerically and experimentally validated. The genetic algorithm was applied to an optimization problem for improving the aerodynamic performances of an aircraft wing tip through upper surface morphing. The optimization was performed for 16 flight cases expressed in terms of various combinations of speeds, angles of attack and aileron deflections. The displacements resulted from the optimization were used during the wind tunnel tests of the wing tip demonstrator for the actuators control to change the upper surface shape of the wing. The results of the optimization of the flow behavior for the airfoil morphing upper-surface problem were validated with wind tunnel experimental transition results obtained with infra-red Thermography on the wing-tip demonstrator. The validation proved that the 2D numerical optimization using the ‘in-house＇ genetic algorithm was an appropriate tool in improving various aspects of a wing＇s aerodynamic performances.
文摘A new method to detect multiple outliers in multivariate data is proposed. It is a combination of minimum subsets, resampling and self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm introduced by Kohonen,which provides a robust way with neural network. In this method, the number and organization of the neurons are selected by the characteristics of the spectra, e.g., the spectra data are often changed linearly with the concentration of the components and are often measured repeatedly, etc. So the spatial distribution of the neurons can be arranged by this characteristic. With this method, all the outliers in the spectra can be detected, which cannot be solved by the traditional method, and the speed of computation is higher than that of the traditional neural network method. The results of the simulation and the experiment show that this method is simple, effective, intuitionistic and all the outliers in the spectra can be detected in a short time. It is useful when associated with the regression model in the near infra-red research.
基金supported by grants awarded by the National Major Scientic Research Program of China(Grant No.2011CB910404)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61227017)+1 种基金the State Key Basic Research Development Program of China(2012CB518103)National Outstanding Young Scientist Award of China(61425006).
文摘Alzheimers disease(AD)is a chronic neurodegenerative disease.The symptoms include memoryand spatial learning dificulties,language disorders,and loss of motivation,which get worse overtime,eventually ending in death.No ffective treatments are available for AD,currently.Currenttreatments only attenuate symptoms temporarily and are associated with severe side ffects.Nearinfra-red(NIR)light has been studied for a long time.We investigated the effect of NIR on ADusing a transgenic mouse model,which was obtained by co-injecting two vectors carrying ADmutations in amyloid precursor protein(APP)and presenilin-i(PSEN1)into C57BL/6J mice.The irradiation equipment consisted of an accommodating box and an LED array.The wave-length of NIR light emitted from LED was between 1040 nm and 1090 nm.The power densitydelivered at the level of the mice was approximately 15 mW/cm^(2),Firstly,we treated the micewith NIR for 40 days,Then,the irradiation was suspended for 28 days.Finally,another 15 daystreatment was brought to mice.We conducted Morris water maze and immunofluorescenceanalysis to evaluate the effects of treatment.Immunofuorescence analysis was based on mea-suring the quantity of plaques in mouse brain slices,Our results show that NIR light improvesmemory and spatial learning ability and reduces plaques moderately.NIR light represents apotential treatment for AD.
文摘Introduction: Infra-red (IR) thermometry is a safe and valid method to determine internal and surface temperature in human subjects. Under conditions of brain damage (head injury or stroke) knowledge of changes in the temperature of intracranial tissue is justified because of the vulnerability of neurons to accelerated damage at temperatures at the upper end of the febrile range. Aim: To determine the temperature at the inner canthus (IC) of the eye as a potential surrogate for brain temperature. Methods: Invasive monitoring of deep brain structures, lateral ventricle and deep white matter. IR temperature readings obtained at right and left IC. Results: ?Strong correlations were evident between R and L IC and brain. Close, as well as poor, agreement between?? sites was shown in some patients and at some times. For right hemispheric lesions four had a better correlation between TbrV and TRIC when compared to TLIC.? When the correlation between TbrV and TLIC was better compared to TbrV and TRIC, four had a predominant right hemispheric lesion. Conclusions: Improved techniques for IR thermal imaging accuracy at the bedside has the potential to improve temperature measurement agreement. The predominant lesion side may have a bearing on maximum ipsilateral IC temperature Further studies are ongoing in this pilot study population.
文摘Cases are presented to reveal how modern computerised infra-red thermal imaging has the potential to assist in early breast cancer detection. The history of thermography and some recent controversies surrounding mammography are discussed. Examples of thermal imaging combined with naturopathic interventions are described. Since 2002, more than 8000 women in New Zealand have chosen to include thermal imaging as a part of their breast health management. Breast thermal imaging combined with relevant health advice, resulted in a perceived worthwhile benefit to patients in managing overall health.
基金Project supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020KF017,ZR2020QE053,ZR2023QB261)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2108085MB53)。
文摘To develop efficient luminescence and optical thermometry materials for color display and non-contact temperature measurement,novel RE^(3+)(RE=Eu,Sm)doped self-activated Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12)phosphors were prepared by a typical solid-state reaction method.Their crystal structure,morphology,multi-color luminescence and temperature sensing properties were elaborately investigated.Under UV light excitation,an intense and broad green-yellow emission band from VO_(4)^(3-)group is observed in the Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12)matrix,indicating its potential application in solid state lighting.After the incorpo ration of Eu^(3+)and Sm^(3+)ions,efficient energy transfer(ET)from VO_(4)^(3-)group to Eu^(3+)/Sm^(3+)ions occurs and the emission color of the samples can be readily tuned among different color ranges.Besides,based on the change of luminescence intensity and lifetimes of VO_(4)^(3-)group in Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12):Eu^(3+)and Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12):Sm^(3+),the ET efficiency was analyzed and the mechanism is illustrated.Finally,large discrepancy between the thermal stability of VO_(4)^(3-)group and Eu^(3+)/Sm^(3+)ions is observed in the temperature-dependent emission spectra of Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12):Eu^(3+)and Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12):Sm^(3+).By taking advantage of the luminescence intensity ratio(LIR)between VO_(4)^(3-)group and Eu^(3+)/Sm^(3+)ions in Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12):0.01Eu^(3+)and Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12):0.07Sm^(3+),two new types of optical thermometry mediums were designed and their basic temperature sensing parameters were calculated.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52262020)。
文摘Optical thermometry has attracted great attention because it enables accurate temperature measurement in harsh environments due to non-contact temperature measurement.Three-dimensional(3D)lead-free halide perovskites have a great application potential in this field,due to its outstanding luminous properties and stability.In this work,the Sb^(3+)and Er^(3+)are introduced in Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6)double perovskites(DPs).The Sb^(3+)doping Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6)DPs exhibits bright blue emission from the Sb^(3+)activated self-trapped excitons(STEs) and Sb^(3+),Er^(3+)co-doped Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6)has efficient green emission with excellent photo luminescence quantum yields(PLQY) of 81.1% because of the presence of energy transfer from self-trapped excitons to Er^(3+)ions.Excitingly,the ratio between the fluorescence intensity at 524and 550 nm(FIR(I524 nm/I550 nm)) and the ratio between the fluorescence intensity at 524 and 456 nm(FIR(I524 nm/I456 nm)) both have a high correlation with temperature in the range of 298-473 K.The maximum of relative sensitivity values reach to 1.18%/K(I524 nm/I550 nm) and 1.19%/K(I524 nm/I456 nm) at298 K,respectively.The outstanding temperature sensitivity suggests that the Sb^(3+),Er^(3+)co-doped Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6)has enormous application potential in ratio metric optical thermometry.
文摘To meet the high demands of modern technology for temperature sensors,Lu_(2)WO_(6):Sm^(3+)self-activated phosphors were selected to design four-mode optical thermometers.A comprehensive investigation was conducted on the synthetic method,structural and luminescent characteristics,and energy transfer mechanism([WO6]6-→Sm^(3+)). Due to the different temperature responses of two emission centers([WO6]6-and Sm^(3+)),the temperature sensing capability of Lu_(2)WO_(6):Sm^(3+)phosphors was studied.Fluorescence intensity(FI),fluorescence intensity ratio(FIR),Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates and excitation intensity ratio are the four modes for temperature sensing,and their maximum relative sensitivities are 2.62%/K(350 K),2.06%/K(320 K),0.67%/K(329 K) and 2.42%/K(303 K),respectively.Furthermore,within 303-483 K temperature range,the relative sensitivities based on FI and FIR are bigger than 1.67%/K and 1.16%/K,respectively.Our findings suggest that Lu_(2)WO_(6):Sm^(3+)phosphors with four temperature measurement modes might be applied in multi-mode self-calibration optical thermometers.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22302137,52172221,52272229,51920105005)the Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices(ZZ2201)+1 种基金the Suzhou Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Materialsthe Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science&Technology.
文摘Photothermal catalysis represents an emerging technology for solar energy conversion that combines the principles and advantages of photoand thermal catalytic mechanisms[1–5].Driven by the inter/intra-band transitions and subsequent electron-phonon scattering processes,photothermal catalysts can achieve rapid and highly localized heating,providing thermal activation to the chemical conversions.Besides,direct participation of photo-generated charge carriers could also drastically reduce the activation energy barriers and modulate the catalytic pathways.However,distinction between thermal and non-thermal contributions remains a key challenge for both fundamental understandings and large-scale applications of photothermal catalysis[6,7].This issue is largely due to a lack of precise in-situ surface-temperature measurement techniques that accurately quantify the light-to-heat conversion under reaction conditions at the nanoscale.Conventional macroscopic temperature measurement techniques,such as infrared cameras and thermocouples,suffer from the lack of spatiotemporal resolutions required for the localized photothermal conversion.They are,thus,measuring an average temperature of the ambient medium.Besides,they typically cannot be applied in in-situ temperature measurements,which is crucial since inaccurate heat dissipation rates may be predicted by ex-situ temperature measurement techniques.For instance,differences in gas pressure,composition and flow rate could lead to significantly different convective heat fluxes.
文摘To control drug effects by detecting temperature difference between biologically active point（BAP）and intact area of skin for treatment of mental illness,a device is developed for monitoring the temperature of BAP and the dose medication and its change in real time to increase effectiveness of treatment.Two electrodes by Foll R method are used and BAP is determined based on topographic anatomical reference points.The temperature values are measured by integral thermometers DS18B20.the received data are processed and temperature difference is calculated and displayed under the control of microcontroller Atmega32.The obtained data confirm the correlation between the temperature difference indicators BAP C7,Gi4 and neurological scales assessing severity of mental illness.The experimetal results show that the temperature difference can be criteria for evaluating the effects of drugs,which is the basis for computer control systems of of medical process of mental patients.
文摘Musculoskeletal injuries are among the most common causes of disability worldwide,with early detection and appropriate intervention critical to minimizing long-term complications.Infrared thermography(IRT)has emerged as a noninvasive,real-time imaging modality that captures superficial temperature changes reflecting underlying physiological processes such as inflammation and vascular alterations.This review explores the fundamental principles of medical thermography,differentiates between passive and active approaches,and outlines key technological advancements including artificial intelligence integration.The clinical utility of IRT is discussed in various contexts–ranging from acute soft tissue injuries and overuse syndromes to chronic pain and rehabilitation monitoring.Comparative insights with conventional imaging techniques such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are also presented.While IRT offers functional imaging capabilities with advantages in portability,safety,and speed,its limitations–such as lack of deep-tissue penetration and protocol standardization–remain significant barriers to broader adoption.Future directions include the integration of IRT with other imaging modalities and digital health platforms to enhance musculoskeletal assessment and injury prevention strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40672064, 40572063)the 973-Project (No. 2006CB403506)Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University and 111 Project of the Ministry of Education, China (No. B07011)
文摘The recently discovered Damoqujia （大磨曲家） gold deposit is a large shear zone-hosted gold deposit of disseminated sulphides located in the north of the Zhaoping （招平） fault zone, Jiaodong （胶东） gold province, China. In order to distinguish the temperature range of cluster inclusions from different mineralization stages and measure their compositions, 16 fluid inclusions and 5 isotopic geochemistry samples were collected for this study. Corresponding to different mineralization stages, the multirange peaks of quartz decrepitation temperature （250-270, 310-360 and 380-430℃） indicate that the activity of ore-forming fluids is characterized by multistage. The ore-forming fluids were predominantly of high-temperature fluid system （HTFS） by CO2-rich, and SO4^2--K^＋ type magmatic fluid during the early stage of mineralization and were subsequently affected by low-temperature fluid system （LTFS） of CH4-rich, and Cl^--Na^＋/Ca^2＋ type meteoric fluid during the late stage of mineralization. Gold is transferred by Au-HS^- complex in the HTFS, and Au-Cl^- complex can be more important in the LTFS. The transition of fluids from deeper to shallow environments results in mixing between the HTFS and LTFS, which might be one of the most key reasons for gold precipitation and large-scale mineralization. The ore-forming fluids are characterized by high-temperature, strong-activity, and superimposed mineralization, so that there is a great probability of forming large and rich ore deposit in the Damoqujia gold deposit. The main bodies are preserved and extend toward deeper parts, thereby suggesting a great potential in future.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51802069,61205180)the First Batch of Young Talent Support Plan of Hebei ProvinceGraduate Student Innovation Project of Hebei University(hbu2018ss62)
文摘Herein,we reported Er^3+/Yb^3+co-doped CaLaAl3O7 up-conversion phosphors synthesized via solid state reaction,which was further explored as a new optical thermometry.The luminescent properties of Er^3+or Er^3+/Yb^3+doped CaLaAl3O7 phosphor was studied in detail.The two-photon process for the green emissions of Er^3+were confirmed by the power-dependent luminescence.The up-conversion optical temperature sensing performances of the Er^3+/Yb^3+-codoped CaLaAl3O7 phosphor were investigated based on the FIR technique.The maximum sensitivity of this phosphor can reach about 0.00345 K-1 at 453 K,which reveals this phosphor can be a promising candidate for optical thermometry devices.
基金Project supported by Council of Scientific&Industrial Research(CSIR),New Delhi,India(03(1354)/16/EMR-II)
文摘Er^(3+)-Yb^(3+)-Li^+:Gd_2(MoO_4)_3 and Er^(3+)-Yb^(3+)-Zn^(2+):Gd_2(MoO_4)_3 nanophosphors,synthesized by chemical co-precipitation technique were characterized through XRD,FESEM,dynamic light scattering(DLS),diffuse reflectance,photoluminescence,photometric and decay time analysis.The enhancement of about~28,~149 and~351 times in the green upconversion emission band is observed for the optimized Er^(3+)-Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)-Yb^(3+)-Li^+and Er^(3+)-Yb^(3+)-Zn^(2+):Gd_2(MoO_4)_3 nanophosphors in comparison to the singly Er^(3+)doped nanophosphors.The electric dipole-dipole interaction is found to be responsible for the concentration quenching.The temperature dependent behaviour of the two green thermally coupled levels of the Er^(3+)ions based on the fluorescence intensity ratio technique was studied.The maximum sensor sensitivity~38.7×10^(-3)K^(-1)at 473 K for optimized Er^(3+)-Yb^(3+)-Zn^(2+)codoped Gd_2(MoO_4)_3 nanophosphors is reported with maximum population redistribution ability~88%among the~2H_(11/2)and~4S_(3/2)levels.
文摘In order to overcome the effect of the assumption between emissivity and wavelength on the measurement of true temperature and spectral emissivity for most engineering materials, a neural network based method is proposed for data processing while a blackbody furnace and three optical filters with known spectral transmittance curves were used to make up a true target. The experimental results show that the calculated temperatures are in good agreement with the temperature of the blackbody furnace, and the calculated spectral emissivity curves are in good agreement with the spectral transmittance curves of the filters. The method proposed has been proved to be an effective method for solving the problem of true temperature and emissivity measurement, and it can overcome the effect of the assumption between emissivity and wavelength on the measurement of true temperature and spectral emissivity for most engineering materials.
文摘The effect of arc on radiation thermometry is analyzed in a field close to the arc during the welding process, and the ratio of signal to noise and other factors are obtained for a small current arc .The method of the temperature measurement is feasible when the arc current is decreased to a smaller value in the welding process.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China of China(11664022)the Reserve Talents Project of Yunnan Province(2017HB011)+1 种基金Yunnan Ten Thousand Talents Plan Young&Elite Talents Project(YNWR-QNBJ-2018-295,YNWR-QNBJ-2018-325)the Excellent Youth Project of Yunnan Province Applied Basic Research Project(2019FI001)。
文摘Optical thermometers have aroused considerable attention in recent years,and the increasing demand of sensitivity for practical application encourages the investigation on developing innovative non-contact optical thermo metric materials with higher sensitivity and accuracy.Perovskite quantum dots(QDs)with excellent temperature-dependence optical properties,provide a feasible approach to realizing the detection of temperature change,however,their poor high temperature thermal stability and the facile realization to obtain the production remain a daunting challenge.Herein,growing Tb^(3+)-doped CsPbl_(3) QDs in situ in borosilicate glass is proposed,which ensures the phase stability,and high-efficiency florescence output of the all-inorganic perovskite as a temperature sensor.A higher absolute and relative temperature sensitivity(0.0398 K^(-1) and 7.12%/K,respectively),along with the visible color change from orange-red to yellow-green with the increase of temperature is accomplished.Notably,the repeatable florescence intensity of Tb^(3+)-doped CsPbl_(3) QDs under high temperature enables their temperature sensing application.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20211280)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51702074)Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,Nanjing Forestry University。
文摘Regulating luminescent dynamics of lanthanide-based luminescent materials via external stimuli is of great significance in the fields of optical thermometry and high-level anti-counterfeiting.However,it is still a huge challenge to realize multimodal emissions with tunable color outputs from a single activator in simple structures via smart dynamic control of photon transition processes.Herein,we present a mechanistic strategy to achieve multimodal luminescence of Er^(3+)activators with color-switchable outputs in a non-core-shell host.Under the control of excitation dynamics(λ_(ex)=980,808,1532,377 nm),the population among the intermediate en ergy levels of Er^(3+)and the interaction between Er^(3+)and Yb^(3+)could be precisely modulated through energy transfer and migration processes,leading to the generation of colortunable multimodal luminescence upon diverse excitation modes(non-steady-state,single-/dual-wavelength steady,thermal activation).Inspired by its special luminescent performance,the as-obtained material exhibits great potential in noncontact thermometry,multimodal anticounterfeiting,and high-capacity information encryption by performing a series of proof-of-concept experiments.Our findings might provide a conceptual model to modulate the luminescent dynamics in a simple-structured system for the generation of color-adjustable multimodal emissions,which is convenient for the development of advanced luminescent materials toward versatile cuttingedge applications.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61865003)Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials(No.211009-Z).
文摘In order to meet the needs of new materials gradually developing towards miniaturization,integration,and light weight,multifunctional BaNb_(2)O_(6):Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+)/Tm^(3+)transparent glass-ceramics were success-fully prepared by melt quenching and controllable crystallization.Its structure,luminescence,and en-ergy transmission were studied.Using the opposite temperature dependence of the Tm^(3+)emission band and the corresponding large energy level gap,a maximum relative sensitivity of 2.3%K^(-1)based on thermal coupling levels(TCLs)is obtained in a wide temperature range(298-673 K).The multi-ratio optical thermometry based on TCLs and non-TCLs is successfully realized by using the different emission bands of double emission centers,which makes it possible for self-reference optical temperature measurement modes.In addition,the transparent glass-ceramic exhibits excellent electrical properties under 700 kV cm^(-1)electric field:high discharge energy density(W_(d)=0.99 J cm^(-3)),huge instantaneous power density(225.3 MW cm^(-3)),and ultra-fast discharge rate(T_(0.9)≤15.8 ns).The prepared glass-ceramic is expected to be a new type of lead-free multifunctional photoelectric material for temperature sensors and transparent electronic devices.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51972061,22109025,22171045,52072076)。
文摘The Er3+doped double perovskite Ba_(2)CaWO_(6) crystal is a promising ratiometric thermometer based on the fluorescence intensity ratio(FIR) of transitions from ^(2)H_(11/2) and ^(4)S_(3/2) to the lowered ^(4)I_(15/2) level.However,the Ca^(2+) vacancy defect caused by the charge difference between rare-earth ions and the substituted alkaline-earth ions gives rise to the non-radiative probability and limits the thermal sensitivity.Here,the up-conversion luminescence and thermometric performance of Er^(3+),Yb^(3+) dopedBa_(2)CaWO_(6) are tuned by tri-doping with alkaline ions.The Ca^(2+) vacancy defect can be eliminated by the introduction of Na^(+),which occupies the Ca^(2+) site when it is doped into Ba_(2)CaWO_(6) with Er^(3+) and Yb^(3+).On the contrary,the doping of Cs^(+) into Ba_(2)CaWO_(6) with Er^(3+) and Yb^(3+) enhances the defect concentration because it occupies the site of Ba^(2+).Thus,the tri-doping of Na^(+) reduces the non-radiative probability and enhances the quantum efficiency of Er^(3+),leading to the improvement of the thermometric sensitivity of Ba_(2)CaWO_(6).As a result,we get an excellent thermometric Ba_(2)CaWO_(6):8%Yb^(3+),3.5%Er^(3+),6%Na^(+) powder with a luminescence lifetime of 515 μs and maximum thermal sensitivity(S_(r)) of 1.45%/K,which is more than three times higher than that of the BCWO:Er^(3+) powder.
