In the present paper, an ‘in-house＇ genetic algorithm was numerically and experimentally validated. The genetic algorithm was applied to an optimization problem for improving the aerodynamic performances of an aircr...In the present paper, an ‘in-house＇ genetic algorithm was numerically and experimentally validated. The genetic algorithm was applied to an optimization problem for improving the aerodynamic performances of an aircraft wing tip through upper surface morphing. The optimization was performed for 16 flight cases expressed in terms of various combinations of speeds, angles of attack and aileron deflections. The displacements resulted from the optimization were used during the wind tunnel tests of the wing tip demonstrator for the actuators control to change the upper surface shape of the wing. The results of the optimization of the flow behavior for the airfoil morphing upper-surface problem were validated with wind tunnel experimental transition results obtained with infra-red Thermography on the wing-tip demonstrator. The validation proved that the 2D numerical optimization using the ‘in-house＇ genetic algorithm was an appropriate tool in improving various aspects of a wing＇s aerodynamic performances.展开更多
A new method to detect multiple outliers in multivariate data is proposed. It is a combination of minimum subsets, resampling and self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm introduced by Kohonen,which provides a robust way w...A new method to detect multiple outliers in multivariate data is proposed. It is a combination of minimum subsets, resampling and self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm introduced by Kohonen,which provides a robust way with neural network. In this method, the number and organization of the neurons are selected by the characteristics of the spectra, e.g., the spectra data are often changed linearly with the concentration of the components and are often measured repeatedly, etc. So the spatial distribution of the neurons can be arranged by this characteristic. With this method, all the outliers in the spectra can be detected, which cannot be solved by the traditional method, and the speed of computation is higher than that of the traditional neural network method. The results of the simulation and the experiment show that this method is simple, effective, intuitionistic and all the outliers in the spectra can be detected in a short time. It is useful when associated with the regression model in the near infra-red research.展开更多
Alzheimers disease(AD)is a chronic neurodegenerative disease.The symptoms include memoryand spatial learning dificulties,language disorders,and loss of motivation,which get worse overtime,eventually ending in death.No...Alzheimers disease(AD)is a chronic neurodegenerative disease.The symptoms include memoryand spatial learning dificulties,language disorders,and loss of motivation,which get worse overtime,eventually ending in death.No ffective treatments are available for AD,currently.Currenttreatments only attenuate symptoms temporarily and are associated with severe side ffects.Nearinfra-red(NIR)light has been studied for a long time.We investigated the effect of NIR on ADusing a transgenic mouse model,which was obtained by co-injecting two vectors carrying ADmutations in amyloid precursor protein(APP)and presenilin-i(PSEN1)into C57BL/6J mice.The irradiation equipment consisted of an accommodating box and an LED array.The wave-length of NIR light emitted from LED was between 1040 nm and 1090 nm.The power densitydelivered at the level of the mice was approximately 15 mW/cm^(2),Firstly,we treated the micewith NIR for 40 days,Then,the irradiation was suspended for 28 days.Finally,another 15 daystreatment was brought to mice.We conducted Morris water maze and immunofluorescenceanalysis to evaluate the effects of treatment.Immunofuorescence analysis was based on mea-suring the quantity of plaques in mouse brain slices,Our results show that NIR light improvesmemory and spatial learning ability and reduces plaques moderately.NIR light represents apotential treatment for AD.展开更多
Introduction: Infra-red (IR) thermometry is a safe and valid method to determine internal and surface temperature in human subjects. Under conditions of brain damage (head injury or stroke) knowledge of changes in the...Introduction: Infra-red (IR) thermometry is a safe and valid method to determine internal and surface temperature in human subjects. Under conditions of brain damage (head injury or stroke) knowledge of changes in the temperature of intracranial tissue is justified because of the vulnerability of neurons to accelerated damage at temperatures at the upper end of the febrile range. Aim: To determine the temperature at the inner canthus (IC) of the eye as a potential surrogate for brain temperature. Methods: Invasive monitoring of deep brain structures, lateral ventricle and deep white matter. IR temperature readings obtained at right and left IC. Results: ?Strong correlations were evident between R and L IC and brain. Close, as well as poor, agreement between?? sites was shown in some patients and at some times. For right hemispheric lesions four had a better correlation between TbrV and TRIC when compared to TLIC.? When the correlation between TbrV and TLIC was better compared to TbrV and TRIC, four had a predominant right hemispheric lesion. Conclusions: Improved techniques for IR thermal imaging accuracy at the bedside has the potential to improve temperature measurement agreement. The predominant lesion side may have a bearing on maximum ipsilateral IC temperature Further studies are ongoing in this pilot study population.展开更多
Cases are presented to reveal how modern computerised infra-red thermal imaging has the potential to assist in early breast cancer detection. The history of thermography and some recent controversies surrounding mammo...Cases are presented to reveal how modern computerised infra-red thermal imaging has the potential to assist in early breast cancer detection. The history of thermography and some recent controversies surrounding mammography are discussed. Examples of thermal imaging combined with naturopathic interventions are described. Since 2002, more than 8000 women in New Zealand have chosen to include thermal imaging as a part of their breast health management. Breast thermal imaging combined with relevant health advice, resulted in a perceived worthwhile benefit to patients in managing overall health.展开更多
To develop efficient luminescence and optical thermometry materials for color display and non-contact temperature measurement,novel RE^(3+)(RE=Eu,Sm)doped self-activated Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12)phosphors were prepare...To develop efficient luminescence and optical thermometry materials for color display and non-contact temperature measurement,novel RE^(3+)(RE=Eu,Sm)doped self-activated Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12)phosphors were prepared by a typical solid-state reaction method.Their crystal structure,morphology,multi-color luminescence and temperature sensing properties were elaborately investigated.Under UV light excitation,an intense and broad green-yellow emission band from VO_(4)^(3-)group is observed in the Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12)matrix,indicating its potential application in solid state lighting.After the incorpo ration of Eu^(3+)and Sm^(3+)ions,efficient energy transfer(ET)from VO_(4)^(3-)group to Eu^(3+)/Sm^(3+)ions occurs and the emission color of the samples can be readily tuned among different color ranges.Besides,based on the change of luminescence intensity and lifetimes of VO_(4)^(3-)group in Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12):Eu^(3+)and Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12):Sm^(3+),the ET efficiency was analyzed and the mechanism is illustrated.Finally,large discrepancy between the thermal stability of VO_(4)^(3-)group and Eu^(3+)/Sm^(3+)ions is observed in the temperature-dependent emission spectra of Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12):Eu^(3+)and Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12):Sm^(3+).By taking advantage of the luminescence intensity ratio(LIR)between VO_(4)^(3-)group and Eu^(3+)/Sm^(3+)ions in Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12):0.01Eu^(3+)and Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12):0.07Sm^(3+),two new types of optical thermometry mediums were designed and their basic temperature sensing parameters were calculated.展开更多
Optical thermometry has attracted great attention because it enables accurate temperature measurement in harsh environments due to non-contact temperature measurement.Three-dimensional(3D)lead-free halide perovskites ...Optical thermometry has attracted great attention because it enables accurate temperature measurement in harsh environments due to non-contact temperature measurement.Three-dimensional(3D)lead-free halide perovskites have a great application potential in this field,due to its outstanding luminous properties and stability.In this work,the Sb^(3+)and Er^(3+)are introduced in Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6)double perovskites(DPs).The Sb^(3+)doping Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6)DPs exhibits bright blue emission from the Sb^(3+)activated self-trapped excitons(STEs) and Sb^(3+),Er^(3+)co-doped Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6)has efficient green emission with excellent photo luminescence quantum yields(PLQY) of 81.1% because of the presence of energy transfer from self-trapped excitons to Er^(3+)ions.Excitingly,the ratio between the fluorescence intensity at 524and 550 nm(FIR(I524 nm/I550 nm)) and the ratio between the fluorescence intensity at 524 and 456 nm(FIR(I524 nm/I456 nm)) both have a high correlation with temperature in the range of 298-473 K.The maximum of relative sensitivity values reach to 1.18%/K(I524 nm/I550 nm) and 1.19%/K(I524 nm/I456 nm) at298 K,respectively.The outstanding temperature sensitivity suggests that the Sb^(3+),Er^(3+)co-doped Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6)has enormous application potential in ratio metric optical thermometry.展开更多
To meet the high demands of modern technology for temperature sensors,Lu_(2)WO_(6):Sm^(3+)self-activated phosphors were selected to design four-mode optical thermometers.A comprehensive investigation was conducted on ...To meet the high demands of modern technology for temperature sensors,Lu_(2)WO_(6):Sm^(3+)self-activated phosphors were selected to design four-mode optical thermometers.A comprehensive investigation was conducted on the synthetic method,structural and luminescent characteristics,and energy transfer mechanism([WO6]6-→Sm^(3+)). Due to the different temperature responses of two emission centers([WO6]6-and Sm^(3+)),the temperature sensing capability of Lu_(2)WO_(6):Sm^(3+)phosphors was studied.Fluorescence intensity(FI),fluorescence intensity ratio(FIR),Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates and excitation intensity ratio are the four modes for temperature sensing,and their maximum relative sensitivities are 2.62%/K(350 K),2.06%/K(320 K),0.67%/K(329 K) and 2.42%/K(303 K),respectively.Furthermore,within 303-483 K temperature range,the relative sensitivities based on FI and FIR are bigger than 1.67%/K and 1.16%/K,respectively.Our findings suggest that Lu_(2)WO_(6):Sm^(3+)phosphors with four temperature measurement modes might be applied in multi-mode self-calibration optical thermometers.展开更多
Photothermal catalysis represents an emerging technology for solar energy conversion that combines the principles and advantages of photoand thermal catalytic mechanisms[1–5].Driven by the inter/intra-band transition...Photothermal catalysis represents an emerging technology for solar energy conversion that combines the principles and advantages of photoand thermal catalytic mechanisms[1–5].Driven by the inter/intra-band transitions and subsequent electron-phonon scattering processes,photothermal catalysts can achieve rapid and highly localized heating,providing thermal activation to the chemical conversions.Besides,direct participation of photo-generated charge carriers could also drastically reduce the activation energy barriers and modulate the catalytic pathways.However,distinction between thermal and non-thermal contributions remains a key challenge for both fundamental understandings and large-scale applications of photothermal catalysis[6,7].This issue is largely due to a lack of precise in-situ surface-temperature measurement techniques that accurately quantify the light-to-heat conversion under reaction conditions at the nanoscale.Conventional macroscopic temperature measurement techniques,such as infrared cameras and thermocouples,suffer from the lack of spatiotemporal resolutions required for the localized photothermal conversion.They are,thus,measuring an average temperature of the ambient medium.Besides,they typically cannot be applied in in-situ temperature measurements,which is crucial since inaccurate heat dissipation rates may be predicted by ex-situ temperature measurement techniques.For instance,differences in gas pressure,composition and flow rate could lead to significantly different convective heat fluxes.展开更多
To control drug effects by detecting temperature difference between biologically active point（BAP）and intact area of skin for treatment of mental illness,a device is developed for monitoring the temperature of BAP a...To control drug effects by detecting temperature difference between biologically active point（BAP）and intact area of skin for treatment of mental illness,a device is developed for monitoring the temperature of BAP and the dose medication and its change in real time to increase effectiveness of treatment.Two electrodes by Foll R method are used and BAP is determined based on topographic anatomical reference points.The temperature values are measured by integral thermometers DS18B20.the received data are processed and temperature difference is calculated and displayed under the control of microcontroller Atmega32.The obtained data confirm the correlation between the temperature difference indicators BAP C7,Gi4 and neurological scales assessing severity of mental illness.The experimetal results show that the temperature difference can be criteria for evaluating the effects of drugs,which is the basis for computer control systems of of medical process of mental patients.展开更多
Musculoskeletal injuries are among the most common causes of disability worldwide,with early detection and appropriate intervention critical to minimizing long-term complications.Infrared thermography(IRT)has emerged ...Musculoskeletal injuries are among the most common causes of disability worldwide,with early detection and appropriate intervention critical to minimizing long-term complications.Infrared thermography(IRT)has emerged as a noninvasive,real-time imaging modality that captures superficial temperature changes reflecting underlying physiological processes such as inflammation and vascular alterations.This review explores the fundamental principles of medical thermography,differentiates between passive and active approaches,and outlines key technological advancements including artificial intelligence integration.The clinical utility of IRT is discussed in various contexts–ranging from acute soft tissue injuries and overuse syndromes to chronic pain and rehabilitation monitoring.Comparative insights with conventional imaging techniques such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are also presented.While IRT offers functional imaging capabilities with advantages in portability,safety,and speed,its limitations–such as lack of deep-tissue penetration and protocol standardization–remain significant barriers to broader adoption.Future directions include the integration of IRT with other imaging modalities and digital health platforms to enhance musculoskeletal assessment and injury prevention strategies.展开更多
基金Bombardier Aerospace,Thales Canada,The Consortium in Research and Aerospace in Canada(CRIAQ)the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)for their financial support
文摘In the present paper, an ‘in-house＇ genetic algorithm was numerically and experimentally validated. The genetic algorithm was applied to an optimization problem for improving the aerodynamic performances of an aircraft wing tip through upper surface morphing. The optimization was performed for 16 flight cases expressed in terms of various combinations of speeds, angles of attack and aileron deflections. The displacements resulted from the optimization were used during the wind tunnel tests of the wing tip demonstrator for the actuators control to change the upper surface shape of the wing. The results of the optimization of the flow behavior for the airfoil morphing upper-surface problem were validated with wind tunnel experimental transition results obtained with infra-red Thermography on the wing-tip demonstrator. The validation proved that the 2D numerical optimization using the ‘in-house＇ genetic algorithm was an appropriate tool in improving various aspects of a wing＇s aerodynamic performances.
文摘A new method to detect multiple outliers in multivariate data is proposed. It is a combination of minimum subsets, resampling and self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm introduced by Kohonen,which provides a robust way with neural network. In this method, the number and organization of the neurons are selected by the characteristics of the spectra, e.g., the spectra data are often changed linearly with the concentration of the components and are often measured repeatedly, etc. So the spatial distribution of the neurons can be arranged by this characteristic. With this method, all the outliers in the spectra can be detected, which cannot be solved by the traditional method, and the speed of computation is higher than that of the traditional neural network method. The results of the simulation and the experiment show that this method is simple, effective, intuitionistic and all the outliers in the spectra can be detected in a short time. It is useful when associated with the regression model in the near infra-red research.
基金supported by grants awarded by the National Major Scientic Research Program of China(Grant No.2011CB910404)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61227017)+1 种基金the State Key Basic Research Development Program of China(2012CB518103)National Outstanding Young Scientist Award of China(61425006).
文摘Alzheimers disease(AD)is a chronic neurodegenerative disease.The symptoms include memoryand spatial learning dificulties,language disorders,and loss of motivation,which get worse overtime,eventually ending in death.No ffective treatments are available for AD,currently.Currenttreatments only attenuate symptoms temporarily and are associated with severe side ffects.Nearinfra-red(NIR)light has been studied for a long time.We investigated the effect of NIR on ADusing a transgenic mouse model,which was obtained by co-injecting two vectors carrying ADmutations in amyloid precursor protein(APP)and presenilin-i(PSEN1)into C57BL/6J mice.The irradiation equipment consisted of an accommodating box and an LED array.The wave-length of NIR light emitted from LED was between 1040 nm and 1090 nm.The power densitydelivered at the level of the mice was approximately 15 mW/cm^(2),Firstly,we treated the micewith NIR for 40 days,Then,the irradiation was suspended for 28 days.Finally,another 15 daystreatment was brought to mice.We conducted Morris water maze and immunofluorescenceanalysis to evaluate the effects of treatment.Immunofuorescence analysis was based on mea-suring the quantity of plaques in mouse brain slices,Our results show that NIR light improvesmemory and spatial learning ability and reduces plaques moderately.NIR light represents apotential treatment for AD.
文摘Introduction: Infra-red (IR) thermometry is a safe and valid method to determine internal and surface temperature in human subjects. Under conditions of brain damage (head injury or stroke) knowledge of changes in the temperature of intracranial tissue is justified because of the vulnerability of neurons to accelerated damage at temperatures at the upper end of the febrile range. Aim: To determine the temperature at the inner canthus (IC) of the eye as a potential surrogate for brain temperature. Methods: Invasive monitoring of deep brain structures, lateral ventricle and deep white matter. IR temperature readings obtained at right and left IC. Results: ?Strong correlations were evident between R and L IC and brain. Close, as well as poor, agreement between?? sites was shown in some patients and at some times. For right hemispheric lesions four had a better correlation between TbrV and TRIC when compared to TLIC.? When the correlation between TbrV and TLIC was better compared to TbrV and TRIC, four had a predominant right hemispheric lesion. Conclusions: Improved techniques for IR thermal imaging accuracy at the bedside has the potential to improve temperature measurement agreement. The predominant lesion side may have a bearing on maximum ipsilateral IC temperature Further studies are ongoing in this pilot study population.
文摘Cases are presented to reveal how modern computerised infra-red thermal imaging has the potential to assist in early breast cancer detection. The history of thermography and some recent controversies surrounding mammography are discussed. Examples of thermal imaging combined with naturopathic interventions are described. Since 2002, more than 8000 women in New Zealand have chosen to include thermal imaging as a part of their breast health management. Breast thermal imaging combined with relevant health advice, resulted in a perceived worthwhile benefit to patients in managing overall health.
基金Project supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020KF017,ZR2020QE053,ZR2023QB261)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2108085MB53)。
文摘To develop efficient luminescence and optical thermometry materials for color display and non-contact temperature measurement,novel RE^(3+)(RE=Eu,Sm)doped self-activated Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12)phosphors were prepared by a typical solid-state reaction method.Their crystal structure,morphology,multi-color luminescence and temperature sensing properties were elaborately investigated.Under UV light excitation,an intense and broad green-yellow emission band from VO_(4)^(3-)group is observed in the Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12)matrix,indicating its potential application in solid state lighting.After the incorpo ration of Eu^(3+)and Sm^(3+)ions,efficient energy transfer(ET)from VO_(4)^(3-)group to Eu^(3+)/Sm^(3+)ions occurs and the emission color of the samples can be readily tuned among different color ranges.Besides,based on the change of luminescence intensity and lifetimes of VO_(4)^(3-)group in Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12):Eu^(3+)and Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12):Sm^(3+),the ET efficiency was analyzed and the mechanism is illustrated.Finally,large discrepancy between the thermal stability of VO_(4)^(3-)group and Eu^(3+)/Sm^(3+)ions is observed in the temperature-dependent emission spectra of Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12):Eu^(3+)and Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12):Sm^(3+).By taking advantage of the luminescence intensity ratio(LIR)between VO_(4)^(3-)group and Eu^(3+)/Sm^(3+)ions in Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12):0.01Eu^(3+)and Na_(2)LuMg_(2)V_(3)O_(12):0.07Sm^(3+),two new types of optical thermometry mediums were designed and their basic temperature sensing parameters were calculated.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52262020)。
文摘Optical thermometry has attracted great attention because it enables accurate temperature measurement in harsh environments due to non-contact temperature measurement.Three-dimensional(3D)lead-free halide perovskites have a great application potential in this field,due to its outstanding luminous properties and stability.In this work,the Sb^(3+)and Er^(3+)are introduced in Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6)double perovskites(DPs).The Sb^(3+)doping Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6)DPs exhibits bright blue emission from the Sb^(3+)activated self-trapped excitons(STEs) and Sb^(3+),Er^(3+)co-doped Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6)has efficient green emission with excellent photo luminescence quantum yields(PLQY) of 81.1% because of the presence of energy transfer from self-trapped excitons to Er^(3+)ions.Excitingly,the ratio between the fluorescence intensity at 524and 550 nm(FIR(I524 nm/I550 nm)) and the ratio between the fluorescence intensity at 524 and 456 nm(FIR(I524 nm/I456 nm)) both have a high correlation with temperature in the range of 298-473 K.The maximum of relative sensitivity values reach to 1.18%/K(I524 nm/I550 nm) and 1.19%/K(I524 nm/I456 nm) at298 K,respectively.The outstanding temperature sensitivity suggests that the Sb^(3+),Er^(3+)co-doped Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6)has enormous application potential in ratio metric optical thermometry.
文摘To meet the high demands of modern technology for temperature sensors,Lu_(2)WO_(6):Sm^(3+)self-activated phosphors were selected to design four-mode optical thermometers.A comprehensive investigation was conducted on the synthetic method,structural and luminescent characteristics,and energy transfer mechanism([WO6]6-→Sm^(3+)). Due to the different temperature responses of two emission centers([WO6]6-and Sm^(3+)),the temperature sensing capability of Lu_(2)WO_(6):Sm^(3+)phosphors was studied.Fluorescence intensity(FI),fluorescence intensity ratio(FIR),Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates and excitation intensity ratio are the four modes for temperature sensing,and their maximum relative sensitivities are 2.62%/K(350 K),2.06%/K(320 K),0.67%/K(329 K) and 2.42%/K(303 K),respectively.Furthermore,within 303-483 K temperature range,the relative sensitivities based on FI and FIR are bigger than 1.67%/K and 1.16%/K,respectively.Our findings suggest that Lu_(2)WO_(6):Sm^(3+)phosphors with four temperature measurement modes might be applied in multi-mode self-calibration optical thermometers.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22302137,52172221,52272229,51920105005)the Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices(ZZ2201)+1 种基金the Suzhou Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Materialsthe Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science&Technology.
文摘Photothermal catalysis represents an emerging technology for solar energy conversion that combines the principles and advantages of photoand thermal catalytic mechanisms[1–5].Driven by the inter/intra-band transitions and subsequent electron-phonon scattering processes,photothermal catalysts can achieve rapid and highly localized heating,providing thermal activation to the chemical conversions.Besides,direct participation of photo-generated charge carriers could also drastically reduce the activation energy barriers and modulate the catalytic pathways.However,distinction between thermal and non-thermal contributions remains a key challenge for both fundamental understandings and large-scale applications of photothermal catalysis[6,7].This issue is largely due to a lack of precise in-situ surface-temperature measurement techniques that accurately quantify the light-to-heat conversion under reaction conditions at the nanoscale.Conventional macroscopic temperature measurement techniques,such as infrared cameras and thermocouples,suffer from the lack of spatiotemporal resolutions required for the localized photothermal conversion.They are,thus,measuring an average temperature of the ambient medium.Besides,they typically cannot be applied in in-situ temperature measurements,which is crucial since inaccurate heat dissipation rates may be predicted by ex-situ temperature measurement techniques.For instance,differences in gas pressure,composition and flow rate could lead to significantly different convective heat fluxes.
文摘To control drug effects by detecting temperature difference between biologically active point（BAP）and intact area of skin for treatment of mental illness,a device is developed for monitoring the temperature of BAP and the dose medication and its change in real time to increase effectiveness of treatment.Two electrodes by Foll R method are used and BAP is determined based on topographic anatomical reference points.The temperature values are measured by integral thermometers DS18B20.the received data are processed and temperature difference is calculated and displayed under the control of microcontroller Atmega32.The obtained data confirm the correlation between the temperature difference indicators BAP C7,Gi4 and neurological scales assessing severity of mental illness.The experimetal results show that the temperature difference can be criteria for evaluating the effects of drugs,which is the basis for computer control systems of of medical process of mental patients.
文摘Musculoskeletal injuries are among the most common causes of disability worldwide,with early detection and appropriate intervention critical to minimizing long-term complications.Infrared thermography(IRT)has emerged as a noninvasive,real-time imaging modality that captures superficial temperature changes reflecting underlying physiological processes such as inflammation and vascular alterations.This review explores the fundamental principles of medical thermography,differentiates between passive and active approaches,and outlines key technological advancements including artificial intelligence integration.The clinical utility of IRT is discussed in various contexts–ranging from acute soft tissue injuries and overuse syndromes to chronic pain and rehabilitation monitoring.Comparative insights with conventional imaging techniques such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are also presented.While IRT offers functional imaging capabilities with advantages in portability,safety,and speed,its limitations–such as lack of deep-tissue penetration and protocol standardization–remain significant barriers to broader adoption.Future directions include the integration of IRT with other imaging modalities and digital health platforms to enhance musculoskeletal assessment and injury prevention strategies.
