In the present paper, an ‘in-house＇ genetic algorithm was numerically and experimentally validated. The genetic algorithm was applied to an optimization problem for improving the aerodynamic performances of an aircr...In the present paper, an ‘in-house＇ genetic algorithm was numerically and experimentally validated. The genetic algorithm was applied to an optimization problem for improving the aerodynamic performances of an aircraft wing tip through upper surface morphing. The optimization was performed for 16 flight cases expressed in terms of various combinations of speeds, angles of attack and aileron deflections. The displacements resulted from the optimization were used during the wind tunnel tests of the wing tip demonstrator for the actuators control to change the upper surface shape of the wing. The results of the optimization of the flow behavior for the airfoil morphing upper-surface problem were validated with wind tunnel experimental transition results obtained with infra-red Thermography on the wing-tip demonstrator. The validation proved that the 2D numerical optimization using the ‘in-house＇ genetic algorithm was an appropriate tool in improving various aspects of a wing＇s aerodynamic performances.展开更多
With the infra-red thermography,73tests of the effect of Heat-Toniflcation ma-neuvers on body surface temperature weremade.The experiments showed that applica-tion of Heat-Tonification produced markedelevation of temp...With the infra-red thermography,73tests of the effect of Heat-Toniflcation ma-neuvers on body surface temperature weremade.The experiments showed that applica-tion of Heat-Tonification produced markedelevation of temperature at the site of punc-ture,over the face and the front of the neck.The differences between pre-and post-need-ling temperatures were statistically significant(P【0.02 and P【0.01).Furthermore,44.8%展开更多
Primary molar ankylosis with infraocclusion can retard dental arch development and cause dental asymmetry. Despite its widespread prevalence, little is known about its molecular etiology and pathogenesis. To address t...Primary molar ankylosis with infraocclusion can retard dental arch development and cause dental asymmetry. Despite its widespread prevalence, little is known about its molecular etiology and pathogenesis. To address this, RNA sequencing was used to generate transcriptomes of furcal bone from infraoccluded(n = 7) and non-infraoccluded(n = 9) primary second molars, all without succeeding biscuspids. Of the 18 529 expressed genes, 432(2.3%) genes were differentially expressed between the two groups(false discovery rate < 0.05). Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis showed clear separation in gene expression between infraoccluded and non-infraoccluded samples. Pathway analyses indicated that molar ankylosis is associated with the expression of genes consistent with the cellular inflammatory response and epithelial cell turnover. Independent validation using six expressed genes by immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the corresponding proteins are strongly expressed in the developing molar tooth germ, in particular the dental follicle and inner enamel epithelium. The descendants of these structures include the periodontal ligament, cementum, bone and epithelial rests of Malassez;tissues that are central to the ankylotic process.We therefore propose that ankylosis involves an increased inflammatory response associated with disruptions to the developmental remnants of the dental follicle and epithelial rests of Malassez.展开更多
Objective： Infra-pyloric artery （IPA） is an important anatomical landmark in treatment of gastric cancer and is the key vessel for pylorus-preserving gastrectomy and subgroup of infra-pyloric lymph nodes. However, ...Objective： Infra-pyloric artery （IPA） is an important anatomical landmark in treatment of gastric cancer and is the key vessel for pylorus-preserving gastrectomy and subgroup of infra-pyloric lymph nodes. However, its anatomical variation is not thoroughly understood. Our study aimed to clarify the origination of the IPA. Methods： We did this prospective, multicenter, open-label, observational study at gastric surgery departments of 34 hospitals in China. Gastric cancer patients aged 18 years or older and scheduled to undergo elective total or distal gastrectomy were assigned. During the surgery, IPA dissecting and exposing the origination point with photographs or video clips were required. The primary outcome was the origination of the IPA. Analysis of variance, χ2 tests and Fisher＇s tests were used to analyze the differences between groups. The study is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov （No. NCT03071237）. Results： Between May 8 and July 31, 2017, 429 patients were assigned for the study, and 419 （97.7%） patients had the IPA dissected and recorded through photograph or video and were included in the primary outcome analysis. The median age was 62 years old, and 73.7% were male. Among the patients, 78.5% received laparoscopic surgery. Single IPA origination was identified in 398 （95.0%） patients, including gastroduodenal artery （GDA） in 154 （36.8%） patients, anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery （ASPDA） in 130 （31.0%） patients, and right gastroepiploic artery （RGEA） in 114 （27.2%） patients. Fifteen （3.6%） patients were identified with multiple IPA and 6 （1.4%） patients were identified as IPA absence. The differences in the distribution of surgical approach （P=0.003） and geographic area （P=0.030） were statistically significant. No difference was shown in sex, age, gastrectomy type, tumor location, and clinical T, N and M stage. Conclusions： Our study found that the IPA originates from GDA, ASPDA and RGEA in similar proportions. Laparoscopic surgery may be more helpful in dissection of the IPA than open surgery.展开更多
Application of surgical endoscope, used alone or in combination with the surgical microscope, for the operative management of ear and temporal bone conditions may allow improved access and clearance of disease. Preser...Application of surgical endoscope, used alone or in combination with the surgical microscope, for the operative management of ear and temporal bone conditions may allow improved access and clearance of disease. Preservation of normal structures may also be improved.As the use of this tool is increasing, the need for better understanding of the anatomy of the ear is becoming evident. This is particularly so for endoscopic surgery aiming at removal of lesions involving the infra-cochlear corridor and/or petrous apex.Human temporal bone-derived labyrinth casts(molds), originally made for endolymphatic duct and sac analysis which genuinely represent the membranous labyrinth and its adjacent soft tissues, were morphometrically analyzed in terms of the anatomic relations between structures in and around the infra-cochlear corridor. The distance between the petrous carotid artery(PCA) and the basal turn of the cochlea, the distance between PCA and infra-cochlear vein(ICV)/cochlear aqueduct(CA), and the distance between the lower surface of basal cochlear turn and the point where the carotid artery and jugular vein(JV) meet close to the jugular foramen, were measured to be around 1.3 mm, 6 mm and 8 mm respectively, thus constituting an approximate 6?8 mm2 infra-cochlear corridor. This analysis and further study with larger samples might be helpful for operation via this corridor led to the petrous apex where cholesterol granuloma, cholesteatoma and other lesions are not uncommon.展开更多
Objective To observe the effect of stimulating Yinttang （印堂 EX-HN 3） and Baihui（百会 GV 20） with electroacupuncture （EA） on blood oxygenation level of brain and explore the feasibility of measuring the therape...Objective To observe the effect of stimulating Yinttang （印堂 EX-HN 3） and Baihui（百会 GV 20） with electroacupuncture （EA） on blood oxygenation level of brain and explore the feasibility of measuring the therapeutic effect of acupuncture by applying near infra red spectrum （NIRS）. Methods Ten participants semi-randomly selected from 158 adults （random test sequence） were stimulated with EA at the acupoints of EX-HN 3 and GV 20. Verbal fluency task was conducted before and after acupuncture, and changes in blood oxygenation level of cerebral cortex were tested by applying NIRS. Quantitative data were processed with JMP 10.0.2 software, and changes in waveforms of blood oxygenation level of brain before and after treatment were compared by applying NIRS. Results ① The mean of reacting dose （integral value） of blood oxygenation level of cerebral cortex of the 158 adults in the verbal fluency task was 10.6 ± 1.1, and the mean of the whole reacting dose of blood oxygenation level of cerebral cortex at 1/2 period of time during the test （centroids value） was 46.8 ± 1.6. ② In the EA group, the mean of integral value and centroids value of 10 adults were 8.4 ± 5.1 and 54.7± 12.2 before EA while 9.8±3.5 and 41.2±6.7 after EA. The integral value and centroids value of the EA group were closer to the mean of all the subjects. Conclusion It was found by NIRS that the blood oxygenation level of cerebral cortex could be regulated in bi- directional way by stimulating EX-HN 3 and GV 20 with EA, and a further research on whether it directly related to EA is to be made.展开更多
In the background of new socialist countryside construction,rural infrastructure construction is favorable to consolidating fundamental position of agriculture,expanding rural job opportunities,increasing farmers'...In the background of new socialist countryside construction,rural infrastructure construction is favorable to consolidating fundamental position of agriculture,expanding rural job opportunities,increasing farmers' income,and favorable to development of rural economy and the national economy. Rural infrastructure construction mainly includes construction of agricultural basic production conditions,construction of rural ecological environment,construction of agricultural service system,and construction of rural living facilities. Finally,we put forward approaches and methods for strengthening rural infrastructure construction: firstly,increase fund input to provide financial support for rural infrastructure construction; second ly,make scientific village planning to ensure sustainability of rural infrastructure construction; thirdly,arouse farmers' enthusiasm and initiative to promote stable development of rural infrastructure construction.展开更多
A physical parameter, fib, which was used to meet the forcing of primary short waves to be off-resonant before wave breaking, has been considered as an applicable parameter in the infra-gravity wave generation. Since ...A physical parameter, fib, which was used to meet the forcing of primary short waves to be off-resonant before wave breaking, has been considered as an applicable parameter in the infra-gravity wave generation. Since a series of modulating wave groups for different wave conditions are perfonned to proceed with the resonant mechanism of infra- gravity waves prior to wave breaking, the amplitude growth of incident bound long wave is assumed to be simply controlled by the normalized bed slope, fib. The results appear a large dependence of the growth rate, a, of incident bound long wave, separated by the three-array method, on the normalized bed slope, fib. High spatial resolution of wave records enables identification of the cross-correlation between squared short-wave envelopes and infra-gravity waves. The cross- shore structure of infra-gravity waves over beaches presents the mechanics of incident bound- and outgoing free long waves with the formation of free standing long waves in the nearshore region. The wave run-up and amplification of infra-gravity waves in the swash zone appear that the additional long waves generated by the breaking process would modify the cross-shore structure of free standing long waves. Finally, this paper would further discuss the contribution of long wave breaking and bottom friction to the energy dissipation of infra-gravity waves based on different slope conditions.展开更多
To analyze the type of Algerian’s gallstones and put forward relative measures of prevention and treatment, The NICOLET 170SX FT-IR spectrometer was used to measure the infra-red spectrum and analyze the feature of s...To analyze the type of Algerian’s gallstones and put forward relative measures of prevention and treatment, The NICOLET 170SX FT-IR spectrometer was used to measure the infra-red spectrum and analyze the feature of spectrum of Algerian’s gallstones. The results shown that Algerian have cholesterol gallstones. Reasons to form Algerian’s multiple cholesterol gallstones were investigated. We have put forward five suggestions to prevent and treat cholelithiasis.展开更多
The electrical conductivity of pure CaTiO3 and that containing 0.5~5.0 mole fraction CuO as dopant were measured in the temperature range 291~773 K. The conductivity values varied as a ...The electrical conductivity of pure CaTiO3 and that containing 0.5~5.0 mole fraction CuO as dopant were measured in the temperature range 291~773 K. The conductivity values varied as a function of temperature and dopant concentration. The activation energy in the lower temper- ature range depended on the impurity content while in the high temperature range it indicated a value of energy gap width. The infrared absorption spectra in the range of 100~4000 cm-1 revealed the presence of two main bands at 340 and 570 cm-1 which were assigned to Ti06 oc- tahedral normal mode. Bands in the range of 106~270 cm-1 were due to the vibration of anion TiO3-2. Some bands were observed at higher values due to the presence of lattice imperfections. There was a slight shift in band position with increasing dopant concentration which favors the formation of orthorhombic modification.展开更多
Objectives: Critical limb ischaemia (CLI) requiring infra-inguinal bypass is a common presentation to the vascular surgery service. A significant number of CLI patients also present with anaemia as a comorbidity, the ...Objectives: Critical limb ischaemia (CLI) requiring infra-inguinal bypass is a common presentation to the vascular surgery service. A significant number of CLI patients also present with anaemia as a comorbidity, the impact of which is unknown. We reviewed the impact of anaemia on mortality and amputation in patients who underwent infra-inguinal bypass surgery. Methods: Demographic data from all patients who underwent infra-inguinal bypass surgery for CLI at the Flinders Medical Centre & Repatriation General Hospital, South Australia between January 2005 and January 2010 were recorded. Haemoglobin (Hb) level, serum creatinine (SCr) level, mortality and amputation events were also recorded for retrospective analysis. Results: 190 patients (141M, 49F) who underwent infra-inguinal bypass surgery over a 5 year period were analyzed. 100 (53%) of these patients had mild anaemia (mean Hb 113 g/L, mean for females 103 g/L, mean for males 116 g/L). Those who presented with anaemia were more likely to have diabetes and renal dysfunction as comorbidities. Anaemia had a significant negative impact on mortality with 30% deaths in those who were anaemic compared to 15.6% deaths in those without anaemia odds ratio (OR) 1.76, 95% CI: 0.90 - 3.48, p < 0.01. This relationship was similar when looking at amputation as an outcome;with the number of amputations in those who were anaemic preoperatively 14% vs 6.7% in those who were not anaemic, OR 2.56, 95% CI: 1.00 - 6.54, p = 0.05. The negative impact of anaemia on mortality 43.5% vs 18.8% was also noted in patients who did not have diabetes or impaired renal function as a comorbidity p < 0.05. Conclusions: Anaemia is a common comorbidity in patients presenting with CLI and it predicts poor outcomes after infra-inguinal bypass. The role of transfusion is debatable, but it is clear that this group of patients requires careful management during the perioperative period to ensure they are medically optimized.展开更多
Background: Accurate temperature measurement is a critical step in evaluating health or disease especially in children and immmunocompromised subjects;inaccurate measurement may lead to improper diagnosis, wrong treat...Background: Accurate temperature measurement is a critical step in evaluating health or disease especially in children and immmunocompromised subjects;inaccurate measurement may lead to improper diagnosis, wrong treatment or inappropriate intervention. Several methods of temperature measurements exist and comparing these gives room for choosing a near ideal method in terms of speed, safety and accuracy. The study aimed to compare the forehead non touch infra-red thermometer with the axilllary mercury-in-glass method of temperature measurement in the Paediatric age-group. Methods: Study was given ethical approval as part of a larger study. Four hundred and thirty seven children aged 1 to 24 months were studied at the well-baby/immunizationclinic of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital over a 6-months period. Both non-touch infrared and theregular mercury-in-glass thermometers were used to take the body temperatures. Data were analysed with SPSS version 21. Pearson correlation was used to determine the relationship between the two methods of temperature measurements, while Bland-Altman method was used to test for level of agreement between them. Results: The mean age and SD was 5.81 ± 4.04 months. Pearson correlation showed a positive correlation between the axillary mercury-in-glass and forehead non-touch infra-red thermometry readings (r = 0.281, p < 0.001). Also, Bland-Altman method revealed a good agreement between both methods of thermometry as 96% of the readings were within the limits of agreement. Mean difference was 0.09°C (95% confidence interval 0.05 - 0.13). Conclusion: Axillary mercury-in-glass thermometer and forehead non touch infra-red thermometers have a good agreement and can be used interchangeably.展开更多
This study evaluated the possibility of infrared thermography to measure accurately the temperature of elements of a rotating device, within the scope of condition monitoring. The tested machine was a blower coupled t...This study evaluated the possibility of infrared thermography to measure accurately the temperature of elements of a rotating device, within the scope of condition monitoring. The tested machine was a blower coupled to a 500 kW electric motor, that operated in multiples regimes. The thermograms were acquired by a fixed thermographic camera and were processed and recorded every 15 minutes. Because the normal temperature variations could easily mask a drift caused by a failure, a corrected temperature was computed using autorecursive models. It was shown that an efficient temperature correction should compensate for the variations of the process, and for the ambient temperatures variations, either daily or seasonal. The standard deviation of the corrected temperature was of a few tenth of degree, making possible the detection of a drift of less than one degree and the prediction of potential failure.展开更多
Introduction: Infra-red (IR) thermometry is a safe and valid method to determine internal and surface temperature in human subjects. Under conditions of brain damage (head injury or stroke) knowledge of changes in the...Introduction: Infra-red (IR) thermometry is a safe and valid method to determine internal and surface temperature in human subjects. Under conditions of brain damage (head injury or stroke) knowledge of changes in the temperature of intracranial tissue is justified because of the vulnerability of neurons to accelerated damage at temperatures at the upper end of the febrile range. Aim: To determine the temperature at the inner canthus (IC) of the eye as a potential surrogate for brain temperature. Methods: Invasive monitoring of deep brain structures, lateral ventricle and deep white matter. IR temperature readings obtained at right and left IC. Results: ?Strong correlations were evident between R and L IC and brain. Close, as well as poor, agreement between?? sites was shown in some patients and at some times. For right hemispheric lesions four had a better correlation between TbrV and TRIC when compared to TLIC.? When the correlation between TbrV and TLIC was better compared to TbrV and TRIC, four had a predominant right hemispheric lesion. Conclusions: Improved techniques for IR thermal imaging accuracy at the bedside has the potential to improve temperature measurement agreement. The predominant lesion side may have a bearing on maximum ipsilateral IC temperature Further studies are ongoing in this pilot study population.展开更多
Cases are presented to reveal how modern computerised infra-red thermal imaging has the potential to assist in early breast cancer detection. The history of thermography and some recent controversies surrounding mammo...Cases are presented to reveal how modern computerised infra-red thermal imaging has the potential to assist in early breast cancer detection. The history of thermography and some recent controversies surrounding mammography are discussed. Examples of thermal imaging combined with naturopathic interventions are described. Since 2002, more than 8000 women in New Zealand have chosen to include thermal imaging as a part of their breast health management. Breast thermal imaging combined with relevant health advice, resulted in a perceived worthwhile benefit to patients in managing overall health.展开更多
基金Bombardier Aerospace,Thales Canada,The Consortium in Research and Aerospace in Canada(CRIAQ)the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)for their financial support
文摘In the present paper, an ‘in-house＇ genetic algorithm was numerically and experimentally validated. The genetic algorithm was applied to an optimization problem for improving the aerodynamic performances of an aircraft wing tip through upper surface morphing. The optimization was performed for 16 flight cases expressed in terms of various combinations of speeds, angles of attack and aileron deflections. The displacements resulted from the optimization were used during the wind tunnel tests of the wing tip demonstrator for the actuators control to change the upper surface shape of the wing. The results of the optimization of the flow behavior for the airfoil morphing upper-surface problem were validated with wind tunnel experimental transition results obtained with infra-red Thermography on the wing-tip demonstrator. The validation proved that the 2D numerical optimization using the ‘in-house＇ genetic algorithm was an appropriate tool in improving various aspects of a wing＇s aerodynamic performances.
文摘With the infra-red thermography,73tests of the effect of Heat-Toniflcation ma-neuvers on body surface temperature weremade.The experiments showed that applica-tion of Heat-Tonification produced markedelevation of temperature at the site of punc-ture,over the face and the front of the neck.The differences between pre-and post-need-ling temperatures were statistically significant(P【0.02 and P【0.01).Furthermore,44.8%
基金supported by a grant from the Australian Society of Orthodontists Foundation for Research and Education(ASOFRE).
文摘Primary molar ankylosis with infraocclusion can retard dental arch development and cause dental asymmetry. Despite its widespread prevalence, little is known about its molecular etiology and pathogenesis. To address this, RNA sequencing was used to generate transcriptomes of furcal bone from infraoccluded(n = 7) and non-infraoccluded(n = 9) primary second molars, all without succeeding biscuspids. Of the 18 529 expressed genes, 432(2.3%) genes were differentially expressed between the two groups(false discovery rate < 0.05). Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis showed clear separation in gene expression between infraoccluded and non-infraoccluded samples. Pathway analyses indicated that molar ankylosis is associated with the expression of genes consistent with the cellular inflammatory response and epithelial cell turnover. Independent validation using six expressed genes by immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the corresponding proteins are strongly expressed in the developing molar tooth germ, in particular the dental follicle and inner enamel epithelium. The descendants of these structures include the periodontal ligament, cementum, bone and epithelial rests of Malassez;tissues that are central to the ankylotic process.We therefore propose that ankylosis involves an increased inflammatory response associated with disruptions to the developmental remnants of the dental follicle and epithelial rests of Malassez.
基金funded by the Gastric Cancer Diagnose and Treatment Project(D171100006517004,D17110700650000)of Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commissionsupported by Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospital Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support(ZYLX201701)
文摘Objective： Infra-pyloric artery （IPA） is an important anatomical landmark in treatment of gastric cancer and is the key vessel for pylorus-preserving gastrectomy and subgroup of infra-pyloric lymph nodes. However, its anatomical variation is not thoroughly understood. Our study aimed to clarify the origination of the IPA. Methods： We did this prospective, multicenter, open-label, observational study at gastric surgery departments of 34 hospitals in China. Gastric cancer patients aged 18 years or older and scheduled to undergo elective total or distal gastrectomy were assigned. During the surgery, IPA dissecting and exposing the origination point with photographs or video clips were required. The primary outcome was the origination of the IPA. Analysis of variance, χ2 tests and Fisher＇s tests were used to analyze the differences between groups. The study is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov （No. NCT03071237）. Results： Between May 8 and July 31, 2017, 429 patients were assigned for the study, and 419 （97.7%） patients had the IPA dissected and recorded through photograph or video and were included in the primary outcome analysis. The median age was 62 years old, and 73.7% were male. Among the patients, 78.5% received laparoscopic surgery. Single IPA origination was identified in 398 （95.0%） patients, including gastroduodenal artery （GDA） in 154 （36.8%） patients, anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery （ASPDA） in 130 （31.0%） patients, and right gastroepiploic artery （RGEA） in 114 （27.2%） patients. Fifteen （3.6%） patients were identified with multiple IPA and 6 （1.4%） patients were identified as IPA absence. The differences in the distribution of surgical approach （P=0.003） and geographic area （P=0.030） were statistically significant. No difference was shown in sex, age, gastrectomy type, tumor location, and clinical T, N and M stage. Conclusions： Our study found that the IPA originates from GDA, ASPDA and RGEA in similar proportions. Laparoscopic surgery may be more helpful in dissection of the IPA than open surgery.
文摘Application of surgical endoscope, used alone or in combination with the surgical microscope, for the operative management of ear and temporal bone conditions may allow improved access and clearance of disease. Preservation of normal structures may also be improved.As the use of this tool is increasing, the need for better understanding of the anatomy of the ear is becoming evident. This is particularly so for endoscopic surgery aiming at removal of lesions involving the infra-cochlear corridor and/or petrous apex.Human temporal bone-derived labyrinth casts(molds), originally made for endolymphatic duct and sac analysis which genuinely represent the membranous labyrinth and its adjacent soft tissues, were morphometrically analyzed in terms of the anatomic relations between structures in and around the infra-cochlear corridor. The distance between the petrous carotid artery(PCA) and the basal turn of the cochlea, the distance between PCA and infra-cochlear vein(ICV)/cochlear aqueduct(CA), and the distance between the lower surface of basal cochlear turn and the point where the carotid artery and jugular vein(JV) meet close to the jugular foramen, were measured to be around 1.3 mm, 6 mm and 8 mm respectively, thus constituting an approximate 6?8 mm2 infra-cochlear corridor. This analysis and further study with larger samples might be helpful for operation via this corridor led to the petrous apex where cholesterol granuloma, cholesteatoma and other lesions are not uncommon.
文摘Objective To observe the effect of stimulating Yinttang （印堂 EX-HN 3） and Baihui（百会 GV 20） with electroacupuncture （EA） on blood oxygenation level of brain and explore the feasibility of measuring the therapeutic effect of acupuncture by applying near infra red spectrum （NIRS）. Methods Ten participants semi-randomly selected from 158 adults （random test sequence） were stimulated with EA at the acupoints of EX-HN 3 and GV 20. Verbal fluency task was conducted before and after acupuncture, and changes in blood oxygenation level of cerebral cortex were tested by applying NIRS. Quantitative data were processed with JMP 10.0.2 software, and changes in waveforms of blood oxygenation level of brain before and after treatment were compared by applying NIRS. Results ① The mean of reacting dose （integral value） of blood oxygenation level of cerebral cortex of the 158 adults in the verbal fluency task was 10.6 ± 1.1, and the mean of the whole reacting dose of blood oxygenation level of cerebral cortex at 1/2 period of time during the test （centroids value） was 46.8 ± 1.6. ② In the EA group, the mean of integral value and centroids value of 10 adults were 8.4 ± 5.1 and 54.7± 12.2 before EA while 9.8±3.5 and 41.2±6.7 after EA. The integral value and centroids value of the EA group were closer to the mean of all the subjects. Conclusion It was found by NIRS that the blood oxygenation level of cerebral cortex could be regulated in bi- directional way by stimulating EX-HN 3 and GV 20 with EA, and a further research on whether it directly related to EA is to be made.
文摘In the background of new socialist countryside construction,rural infrastructure construction is favorable to consolidating fundamental position of agriculture,expanding rural job opportunities,increasing farmers' income,and favorable to development of rural economy and the national economy. Rural infrastructure construction mainly includes construction of agricultural basic production conditions,construction of rural ecological environment,construction of agricultural service system,and construction of rural living facilities. Finally,we put forward approaches and methods for strengthening rural infrastructure construction: firstly,increase fund input to provide financial support for rural infrastructure construction; second ly,make scientific village planning to ensure sustainability of rural infrastructure construction; thirdly,arouse farmers' enthusiasm and initiative to promote stable development of rural infrastructure construction.
基金sponsored by the Research Center of Ocean Environment and Technology under Grant No. D99-1500the Science Council under Grant No. NSC-99-2915-I-006-044
文摘A physical parameter, fib, which was used to meet the forcing of primary short waves to be off-resonant before wave breaking, has been considered as an applicable parameter in the infra-gravity wave generation. Since a series of modulating wave groups for different wave conditions are perfonned to proceed with the resonant mechanism of infra- gravity waves prior to wave breaking, the amplitude growth of incident bound long wave is assumed to be simply controlled by the normalized bed slope, fib. The results appear a large dependence of the growth rate, a, of incident bound long wave, separated by the three-array method, on the normalized bed slope, fib. High spatial resolution of wave records enables identification of the cross-correlation between squared short-wave envelopes and infra-gravity waves. The cross- shore structure of infra-gravity waves over beaches presents the mechanics of incident bound- and outgoing free long waves with the formation of free standing long waves in the nearshore region. The wave run-up and amplification of infra-gravity waves in the swash zone appear that the additional long waves generated by the breaking process would modify the cross-shore structure of free standing long waves. Finally, this paper would further discuss the contribution of long wave breaking and bottom friction to the energy dissipation of infra-gravity waves based on different slope conditions.
文摘To analyze the type of Algerian’s gallstones and put forward relative measures of prevention and treatment, The NICOLET 170SX FT-IR spectrometer was used to measure the infra-red spectrum and analyze the feature of spectrum of Algerian’s gallstones. The results shown that Algerian have cholesterol gallstones. Reasons to form Algerian’s multiple cholesterol gallstones were investigated. We have put forward five suggestions to prevent and treat cholelithiasis.
文摘The electrical conductivity of pure CaTiO3 and that containing 0.5~5.0 mole fraction CuO as dopant were measured in the temperature range 291~773 K. The conductivity values varied as a function of temperature and dopant concentration. The activation energy in the lower temper- ature range depended on the impurity content while in the high temperature range it indicated a value of energy gap width. The infrared absorption spectra in the range of 100~4000 cm-1 revealed the presence of two main bands at 340 and 570 cm-1 which were assigned to Ti06 oc- tahedral normal mode. Bands in the range of 106~270 cm-1 were due to the vibration of anion TiO3-2. Some bands were observed at higher values due to the presence of lattice imperfections. There was a slight shift in band position with increasing dopant concentration which favors the formation of orthorhombic modification.
文摘Objectives: Critical limb ischaemia (CLI) requiring infra-inguinal bypass is a common presentation to the vascular surgery service. A significant number of CLI patients also present with anaemia as a comorbidity, the impact of which is unknown. We reviewed the impact of anaemia on mortality and amputation in patients who underwent infra-inguinal bypass surgery. Methods: Demographic data from all patients who underwent infra-inguinal bypass surgery for CLI at the Flinders Medical Centre & Repatriation General Hospital, South Australia between January 2005 and January 2010 were recorded. Haemoglobin (Hb) level, serum creatinine (SCr) level, mortality and amputation events were also recorded for retrospective analysis. Results: 190 patients (141M, 49F) who underwent infra-inguinal bypass surgery over a 5 year period were analyzed. 100 (53%) of these patients had mild anaemia (mean Hb 113 g/L, mean for females 103 g/L, mean for males 116 g/L). Those who presented with anaemia were more likely to have diabetes and renal dysfunction as comorbidities. Anaemia had a significant negative impact on mortality with 30% deaths in those who were anaemic compared to 15.6% deaths in those without anaemia odds ratio (OR) 1.76, 95% CI: 0.90 - 3.48, p < 0.01. This relationship was similar when looking at amputation as an outcome;with the number of amputations in those who were anaemic preoperatively 14% vs 6.7% in those who were not anaemic, OR 2.56, 95% CI: 1.00 - 6.54, p = 0.05. The negative impact of anaemia on mortality 43.5% vs 18.8% was also noted in patients who did not have diabetes or impaired renal function as a comorbidity p < 0.05. Conclusions: Anaemia is a common comorbidity in patients presenting with CLI and it predicts poor outcomes after infra-inguinal bypass. The role of transfusion is debatable, but it is clear that this group of patients requires careful management during the perioperative period to ensure they are medically optimized.
文摘Background: Accurate temperature measurement is a critical step in evaluating health or disease especially in children and immmunocompromised subjects;inaccurate measurement may lead to improper diagnosis, wrong treatment or inappropriate intervention. Several methods of temperature measurements exist and comparing these gives room for choosing a near ideal method in terms of speed, safety and accuracy. The study aimed to compare the forehead non touch infra-red thermometer with the axilllary mercury-in-glass method of temperature measurement in the Paediatric age-group. Methods: Study was given ethical approval as part of a larger study. Four hundred and thirty seven children aged 1 to 24 months were studied at the well-baby/immunizationclinic of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital over a 6-months period. Both non-touch infrared and theregular mercury-in-glass thermometers were used to take the body temperatures. Data were analysed with SPSS version 21. Pearson correlation was used to determine the relationship between the two methods of temperature measurements, while Bland-Altman method was used to test for level of agreement between them. Results: The mean age and SD was 5.81 ± 4.04 months. Pearson correlation showed a positive correlation between the axillary mercury-in-glass and forehead non-touch infra-red thermometry readings (r = 0.281, p < 0.001). Also, Bland-Altman method revealed a good agreement between both methods of thermometry as 96% of the readings were within the limits of agreement. Mean difference was 0.09°C (95% confidence interval 0.05 - 0.13). Conclusion: Axillary mercury-in-glass thermometer and forehead non touch infra-red thermometers have a good agreement and can be used interchangeably.
文摘This study evaluated the possibility of infrared thermography to measure accurately the temperature of elements of a rotating device, within the scope of condition monitoring. The tested machine was a blower coupled to a 500 kW electric motor, that operated in multiples regimes. The thermograms were acquired by a fixed thermographic camera and were processed and recorded every 15 minutes. Because the normal temperature variations could easily mask a drift caused by a failure, a corrected temperature was computed using autorecursive models. It was shown that an efficient temperature correction should compensate for the variations of the process, and for the ambient temperatures variations, either daily or seasonal. The standard deviation of the corrected temperature was of a few tenth of degree, making possible the detection of a drift of less than one degree and the prediction of potential failure.
文摘Introduction: Infra-red (IR) thermometry is a safe and valid method to determine internal and surface temperature in human subjects. Under conditions of brain damage (head injury or stroke) knowledge of changes in the temperature of intracranial tissue is justified because of the vulnerability of neurons to accelerated damage at temperatures at the upper end of the febrile range. Aim: To determine the temperature at the inner canthus (IC) of the eye as a potential surrogate for brain temperature. Methods: Invasive monitoring of deep brain structures, lateral ventricle and deep white matter. IR temperature readings obtained at right and left IC. Results: ?Strong correlations were evident between R and L IC and brain. Close, as well as poor, agreement between?? sites was shown in some patients and at some times. For right hemispheric lesions four had a better correlation between TbrV and TRIC when compared to TLIC.? When the correlation between TbrV and TLIC was better compared to TbrV and TRIC, four had a predominant right hemispheric lesion. Conclusions: Improved techniques for IR thermal imaging accuracy at the bedside has the potential to improve temperature measurement agreement. The predominant lesion side may have a bearing on maximum ipsilateral IC temperature Further studies are ongoing in this pilot study population.
文摘Cases are presented to reveal how modern computerised infra-red thermal imaging has the potential to assist in early breast cancer detection. The history of thermography and some recent controversies surrounding mammography are discussed. Examples of thermal imaging combined with naturopathic interventions are described. Since 2002, more than 8000 women in New Zealand have chosen to include thermal imaging as a part of their breast health management. Breast thermal imaging combined with relevant health advice, resulted in a perceived worthwhile benefit to patients in managing overall health.
