Background:For secondary cavity-nesting bird species that do not add lining materials to nests,the presence of old nest material or organic remains that have accumulated within nest cavities from previous breeding eve...Background:For secondary cavity-nesting bird species that do not add lining materials to nests,the presence of old nest material or organic remains that have accumulated within nest cavities from previous breeding events may be a cue of nest-site quality.These materials potentially contain information about past breeding success in con-and heterospecifics and may improve the thermal insulation of eggs during incubation.However,few studies have addressed whether the presence of old nest materials serves as a cue for cavity-nesting raptors when choosing specific nest sites.Methods:We conducted a 9-year nest box experiment to test whether old nest materials from con-and heterospecifics serve as informative cues to the European Kestrel(Falco tinnunculus)when making nest selection decisions,as this species uses nest boxes without adding nesting material.Results:The presence of old nest materials and entrance size best discriminated nest boxes occupied by European Kestrels from unoccupied boxes.Nest boxes containing conspecific organic remains,artificial dry leaf and branch material,and material left behind by Great Tits(Parus major)were reused at higher rates,especially those containing conspecific nest material,than nest boxes containing true or simulated nest materials from predators.In 2010,no single nest box was occupied by the same banded individual that occupied the box in the previous year(10 females and 2 males were banded in 2009).Conclusions:European Kestrels preferred nest boxes containing old nest material over empty boxes,which is consistent with previous findings that they exploit con-and heterospecific cues when deciding where to settle and breed,as old nest or organic material provides substrate for incubating females.Kestrels may be able to assess the predation risks associated with a specific nest site based on experience or the presence of prey remains.The repeated use of nest boxes across breeding seasons by kestrels cannot be entirely ascribed to philopatry.This study provides evidence that old nest materials are potentially used as informative cues when making nest-site selection decisions in European Kestrels.展开更多
The paper discusses the quantitative definition of the s/n (signal to noise ratio) by means of new computational parameters derived (and computed) by the Fourier analysis. The theme is of great relevance when the geom...The paper discusses the quantitative definition of the s/n (signal to noise ratio) by means of new computational parameters derived (and computed) by the Fourier analysis. The theme is of great relevance when the geomagnetic observed field has high transient noise and high energy content (i.e.geomagnetic signal interfered by human activity magnetic band) and when the signal analysis action is oriented to the detection of magnetic sources characterized by quasi-punctiform size, low energy level and kinetic mechanical status (i.e.uw armed terrorist). The paper shows the results obtained introducing two new informative spectral parameters: the informative capability “C” and the enhanced informative capability “eC”. These parameters are depending on the comparison of the energy of the target signal with total field energy and they are characteristics of each elementary signal. C classifies the energy of the spectrum in two metrological bands: elementary signal informative energy EI (band or single signal) and passive energy EP. This metrological classification of the energy overtakes the concept of noise: each signal is part of the noise band when it is not under observation and becomes out of the band when it is under observation (numerical observation→computation). C (and eC) allows to compute the value of the “visibility” of the informative signals in a high energy geomagnetic field (or spectrum). C is a fundamental parameter for the evaluation of the effectiveness of singularity magnetic metrology in the passive detection of small magnetic sources in high noised magnetic field.展开更多
Closed-loop identification is important and necessary to various model-based advanced process control strategies, whose performance depends greatly on the informative property of the data set. Switching control is an ...Closed-loop identification is important and necessary to various model-based advanced process control strategies, whose performance depends greatly on the informative property of the data set. Switching control is an important method in process control. Therefore, this paper studies the informative property of a data set in a single-input single-output (SISO) closed-loop system with a switching controller. It is proved that this data set is informative if the controller switches among at least two modes (i.e., feedback laws). Our result does not require any assumption on the way of switch and removes the constraints on the switching manner required in some classical literature. Finally, simulation case studies based on a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) process are given to validate the results.展开更多
Sentiment classification is a useful tool to classify reviews about sentiments and attitudes towards a product or service.Existing studies heavily rely on sentiment classification methods that require fully annotated ...Sentiment classification is a useful tool to classify reviews about sentiments and attitudes towards a product or service.Existing studies heavily rely on sentiment classification methods that require fully annotated inputs.However,there is limited labelled text available,making the acquirement process of the fully annotated input costly and labour-intensive.Lately,semi-supervised methods emerge as they require only partially labelled input but perform comparably to supervised methods.Nevertheless,some works reported that the performance of the semi-supervised model degraded after adding unlabelled instances into training.Literature also shows that not all unlabelled instances are equally useful;thus identifying the informative unlabelled instances is beneficial in training a semi-supervised model.To achieve this,an informative score is proposed and incorporated into semisupervised sentiment classification.The evaluation is performed on a semisupervised method without an informative score and with an informative score.By using the informative score in the instance selection strategy to identify informative unlabelled instances,semi-supervised models perform better compared to models that do not incorporate informative scores into their training.Although the performance of semi-supervised models incorporated with an informative score is not able to surpass the supervised models,the results are still found promising as the differences in performance are subtle with a small difference of 2%to 5%,but the number of labelled instances used is greatly reduced from100%to 40%.The best finding of the proposed instance selection strategy is achieved when incorporating an informative score with a baseline confidence score at a 0.5:0.5 ratio using only 40%labelled data.展开更多
In this paper we study estimator of mean residual life function in fixed design regression model when life times are subjected to informative random censoring from both sides. We prove an asymptotic normality of estim...In this paper we study estimator of mean residual life function in fixed design regression model when life times are subjected to informative random censoring from both sides. We prove an asymptotic normality of estimators.展开更多
Multimedia Interactive Informative Systems (MIIS) are software applications resulting from the convergence of multiples technologies such as audiovisual, computing and communication. They aim to transmit information t...Multimedia Interactive Informative Systems (MIIS) are software applications resulting from the convergence of multiples technologies such as audiovisual, computing and communication. They aim to transmit information to a large, diverse and dispersed public. As with other mass media, the fulfillment of MIIS goals depends largely on the quality of communication between the system and end users. Therefore, those systems should be developed in order to ensure that this quality requirement is satisfied. If MIIS are constructed according to usual software engineering practices, the analysis discipline of the development process includes requirements identification and specification;however, these techniques are focused on functional requirements, and they do not give much importance to non-functional requirements. In this paper, we propose a development process based on the production of videogames which has two different phases: preproduction and production. The first phase, corresponding to requirements identification, derives into the concept of system. In order to translate this concept into a specification, we propose the use of new communicational attributes and a MIIS metamodel. The establishment of MIIS non-functional specification is the result of analyzing class diagrams through quality attributes. In order to evaluate if the specifications are responding to communicational attributes, a functional prototype is built and evaluated with end users. The proposed methodology is applied to a real case study.展开更多
In Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province,there exists a quite special and interesting cultural phenomenon of the Bai ethnic group,which is the belief in Benzhu.There are a lot of poems and couplets in Benzhu ...In Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province,there exists a quite special and interesting cultural phenomenon of the Bai ethnic group,which is the belief in Benzhu.There are a lot of poems and couplets in Benzhu temples.The poems are carved on the walls and tablets.The couplets,being on both sides of the doors,are carved on planks or written on red paper.Lan guage used in the poems and couplets plays the informative function.展开更多
This paper explores whether the level of stock price informativeness about listed companies’future earnings is influenced by investor sentiment.In prior studies,investor sentiment,which can be regarded as the mood of...This paper explores whether the level of stock price informativeness about listed companies’future earnings is influenced by investor sentiment.In prior studies,investor sentiment,which can be regarded as the mood of the market,is defined as a belief about unjustified firms’future cash flow,investment returns and risks in capital markets.At the same time,stock price informativeness indicates how much information about a firm’s future earnings is reflected by stock prices.Higher price informativeness indicates a higher market efficiency level.Using linear regression analysis based on panel data from China’s stock market and listed companies,this research documents how stock price informativeness can be reduced by investor sentiment during market pessimism.However,although the explanatory power of future earnings over stock returns is strengthened by positive sentiment,it is not certain that positive sentiment increases price informativeness since the asset price bubble exists with extreme market optimism.Furthermore,the effect of sentiment on price informativeness would be weakened by higher state-owned shareholding.These empirical results imply that sentiment,to a certain degree,causes the investors’ignorance during pessimism and exaggeration during optimism over firms’earning prospects.Moreover,investors usually lack favour for state-owned enterprises during optimism,even though these companies actually have considerable earning prospects.While during pessimism,which usually happens after a crisis,the profitability and reliability of these state-owned enterprises are again emphasised by investors.展开更多
Intertextile Beijing Apparel Fabrics,will be held from 29-31 March 2009 at the China International Exhibition Centre,will showcase the latest textiles from around the world on 48,000 sqm of exhibition space.The event ...Intertextile Beijing Apparel Fabrics,will be held from 29-31 March 2009 at the China International Exhibition Centre,will showcase the latest textiles from around the world on 48,000 sqm of exhibition space.The event has confirmed 1100 exhibitors from 14 countries and regions including展开更多
In this study,efficient spectral line selection and wcightcd-avcraging-bascd processing schemes are proposed for the classification of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(UBS)measurements.For fast on-line classificat...In this study,efficient spectral line selection and wcightcd-avcraging-bascd processing schemes are proposed for the classification of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(UBS)measurements.For fast on-line classification,a set of representative spectral lines arc selected ami processed relying on the information metric,instead of the time consuming full spectrum based analysis.I he most informative spectral line sets arc investigated by the joint mutual information estimation(MIR)evaluated with the Gaussian kernel density,where dominant intensity peaks associated with the concentrated components arc not necessarily most valuable for classification.In order to further distinguish the characteristic patterns of die LIBS measured spectrum,two-dimensional spectral images are synthesized through column-wise concatenation of the peaks along with their neighbors.For fast classification while preserv ing die effect of distinctive peak patterns,column-wise Gaussian weighted averaging is applied to die synthesized images,yielding a favorable trade off between classification performance and computational complexity.To explore the applicability of the proposed schemes,two applications of alloy classification and skin cancer detection arc investigated with the multi-class and binary support vector machines classifiers,respectively.Ihc MIE measures associated with selected spectral lines in bodi applications show a strong correlation to the actual classification or detection accuracy,which enables to find out meaningful combinations of spectral lines.In addition,the peak patterns of the selected lines and their Gaussian weighted averaging with nciehbors of the selected peaks efficiently distineuish different classes of LIBS measured spectrum.展开更多
It is noted that necessity of further increase of accuracy of GPS positioning systems requires de-velopment of more perfect methods to compensate information losses occurred due to residual ionospheric delay by using ...It is noted that necessity of further increase of accuracy of GPS positioning systems requires de-velopment of more perfect methods to compensate information losses occurred due to residual ionospheric delay by using optimization procedures. According to the conditions of formulated optimization task, the signal/noise ratio in measurements of zenith wet delay depends on the second order ionospheric errors, geographic latitude and day of year. At the same time if we assume that the number of measurements at the fixed geographic site is proportional to geographic latitude and if we accept existence of only two antiphase scenarios for variation of residual ionospheric delay on latitude normed by their specific constant, there should be optimum functional dependence of precipitated water on latitude upon which the quantity of measuring information reaches the maximum. The mathematical grounding of solution of formulated optimization task is given.展开更多
Onemust interact with a specific webpage or website in order to use the Internet for communication,teamwork,and other productive activities.However,because phishing websites look benign and not all website visitors ha...Onemust interact with a specific webpage or website in order to use the Internet for communication,teamwork,and other productive activities.However,because phishing websites look benign and not all website visitors have the same knowledge and skills to inspect the trustworthiness of visited websites,they are tricked into disclosing sensitive information and making them vulnerable to malicious software attacks like ransomware.It is impossible to stop attackers fromcreating phishingwebsites,which is one of the core challenges in combating them.However,this threat can be alleviated by detecting a specific website as phishing and alerting online users to take the necessary precautions before handing over sensitive information.In this study,five machine learning(ML)and DL algorithms—cat-boost(CATB),gradient boost(GB),random forest(RF),multilayer perceptron(MLP),and deep neural network(DNN)—were tested with three different reputable datasets and two useful feature selection techniques,to assess the scalability and consistency of each classifier’s performance on varied dataset sizes.The experimental findings reveal that the CATB classifier achieved the best accuracy across all datasets(DS-1,DS-2,and DS-3)with respective values of 97.9%,95.73%,and 98.83%.The GB classifier achieved the second-best accuracy across all datasets(DS-1,DS-2,and DS-3)with respective values of 97.16%,95.18%,and 98.58%.MLP achieved the best computational time across all datasets(DS-1,DS-2,and DS-3)with respective values of 2,7,and 3 seconds despite scoring the lowest accuracy across all datasets.展开更多
Case-cohort studies are commonly used in various investigations,and many methods have been proposed for their analyses.However,most of the available methods are for right-censored data or assume that the censoring is ...Case-cohort studies are commonly used in various investigations,and many methods have been proposed for their analyses.However,most of the available methods are for right-censored data or assume that the censoring is independent of the underlying failure time of interest.In addition,they usually apply only to a specific model such as the Cox model that may often be restrictive or violated in practice.To relax these assumptions,we discuss regression analysis of interval-censored data,which arise more naturally in case-cohort studies than and include right-censored data as a special case,and propose a two-step inverse probability weighting estimation procedure under a general class of semiparametric transformation models.Among other features,the approach allows for informative censoring.In addition,an EM algorithm is developed for the determination of the proposed estimators and the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are established.Simulation results indicate that the approach workswell for practical situations and it is applied to aHIV vaccine trial that motivated this investigation.展开更多
Text classification is a pivotal task in natural language understanding,and its performance has seen remarkable advancements with the rise of Pre-trained Language Models(PLMs).Recently,the proliferation of PLMs has ma...Text classification is a pivotal task in natural language understanding,and its performance has seen remarkable advancements with the rise of Pre-trained Language Models(PLMs).Recently,the proliferation of PLMs has made it increasingly challenging to choose the most suitable model for a given dataset.Since fine-tuning the sheer number of models is impractical,Transferability Estimation(TE)has become a promising solution to efficient model selection.Unlike current TE methods that focus solely on fixed and hard class assignments to evaluate the quality of model-encoded features,our approach further takes into account the intersample and inter-model variations represented by soft class assignments.We achieve this by utilizing class embeddings to predict posterior class assignments,with the logarithm of the maximum posterior evidence serving as the transferability score.Moreover,we found that the informative sub-space of the dataset can lead to more accurate calculation of soft class assignments,where we achieve efficient annotation of informative samples by eliciting the powerful judging ability of large language model.The resulting posterior evidence over the informative sub-space,LogIPE,enables us to capture subtle differences between models,enhancing the accuracy of model selection and validated by extensive experiments conducted on a wide range of text classification datasets as well as candidate PLMs.展开更多
Aims and Objectives:The plan of study was the evaluation of genetic diversity in the tribal populations of Northern West Bengal,tribal populations of southern West Bengal and the Muslim population of West Bengal,India...Aims and Objectives:The plan of study was the evaluation of genetic diversity in the tribal populations of Northern West Bengal,tribal populations of southern West Bengal and the Muslim population of West Bengal,India,using 15 autosomal STR markers.Further investigation was done to find out the genetic relatedness of the studied populations with other previously documented Indian populations.Result:The studied tribal population of Northern West Bengal and Southern West Bengal showed a wide range of observed heterozygosity values,viz,from 0.667 to 0.878 and 0.699 to 0.863 respectively.Same was the case with the tribal population of Southern Bengal where the observed heterozygosity values ranged between 0.699 to 0.863.For the Muslim population the observed heterozygosity value was in the range of 0.742 to 0.885.The combined value of non-exclusion probability for all the studied loci was 0.00000550 for the tribal population of Northern West Bengal,0.00004445 for the Muslim population of West Bengal and 0.00000806 for the tribal population of Southern West Bengal.The neighbor joining(NJ)tree and principal component analysis(PCA)resulted in the clustering of our studied populations with other previously studied Indian populations.Conclusion:The data thus obtained demonstrated high forensic efficacy and will be therefore helpful in several population genetics studies and forensic applications.展开更多
Applying a robot system in ultrasound-guided percutaneous intervention is an effective approach for prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment.The limited space for robot manipulation restricts structure volume and motio...Applying a robot system in ultrasound-guided percutaneous intervention is an effective approach for prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment.The limited space for robot manipulation restricts structure volume and motion.In this paper,an 8-degree-of-freedom robot system is proposed for ultrasound probe manipulation,needle positioning,and needle insertion.A novel parallel structure is employed in the robot system for space saving,structural rigidity,and collision avoidance.The particle swarm optimization method based on informative value is proposed for kinematic parameter identification to calibrate the parallel structure accurately.The method identifies parameters in the modified kinematic model stepwise according to parameter discernibility.Verification experiments prove that the robot system can realize motions needed in targeting.By applying the calibration method,a reasonable,reliable forward kinematic model is built,and the average errors can be limited to 0.963 and 1.846 mm for insertion point and target point,respectively.展开更多
Panel count data occur in many clinical and observational studies and in some situations the observation process is informative. In this article, we propose a new joint model for the analysis of panel count data with ...Panel count data occur in many clinical and observational studies and in some situations the observation process is informative. In this article, we propose a new joint model for the analysis of panel count data with time-dependent covariates and possibly in the presence of informative observation process via two latent variables. For the inference on the proposed model, a class of estimating equations is developed and the resulting estimators are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal. In addition, a lack-of-fit test is provided for assessing the adequacy of the model. The finite-sample behavior of the proposed methods is examined through Monte Carlo simulation studies which suggest that the proposed approach works well for practical situations. Also an illustrative example is provided.展开更多
基金financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31770419,31272331,30970375,30400047 to HW)the Postdoctoral Program of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center in North-east China(No.150482 to WO)
文摘Background:For secondary cavity-nesting bird species that do not add lining materials to nests,the presence of old nest material or organic remains that have accumulated within nest cavities from previous breeding events may be a cue of nest-site quality.These materials potentially contain information about past breeding success in con-and heterospecifics and may improve the thermal insulation of eggs during incubation.However,few studies have addressed whether the presence of old nest materials serves as a cue for cavity-nesting raptors when choosing specific nest sites.Methods:We conducted a 9-year nest box experiment to test whether old nest materials from con-and heterospecifics serve as informative cues to the European Kestrel(Falco tinnunculus)when making nest selection decisions,as this species uses nest boxes without adding nesting material.Results:The presence of old nest materials and entrance size best discriminated nest boxes occupied by European Kestrels from unoccupied boxes.Nest boxes containing conspecific organic remains,artificial dry leaf and branch material,and material left behind by Great Tits(Parus major)were reused at higher rates,especially those containing conspecific nest material,than nest boxes containing true or simulated nest materials from predators.In 2010,no single nest box was occupied by the same banded individual that occupied the box in the previous year(10 females and 2 males were banded in 2009).Conclusions:European Kestrels preferred nest boxes containing old nest material over empty boxes,which is consistent with previous findings that they exploit con-and heterospecific cues when deciding where to settle and breed,as old nest or organic material provides substrate for incubating females.Kestrels may be able to assess the predation risks associated with a specific nest site based on experience or the presence of prey remains.The repeated use of nest boxes across breeding seasons by kestrels cannot be entirely ascribed to philopatry.This study provides evidence that old nest materials are potentially used as informative cues when making nest-site selection decisions in European Kestrels.
文摘The paper discusses the quantitative definition of the s/n (signal to noise ratio) by means of new computational parameters derived (and computed) by the Fourier analysis. The theme is of great relevance when the geomagnetic observed field has high transient noise and high energy content (i.e.geomagnetic signal interfered by human activity magnetic band) and when the signal analysis action is oriented to the detection of magnetic sources characterized by quasi-punctiform size, low energy level and kinetic mechanical status (i.e.uw armed terrorist). The paper shows the results obtained introducing two new informative spectral parameters: the informative capability “C” and the enhanced informative capability “eC”. These parameters are depending on the comparison of the energy of the target signal with total field energy and they are characteristics of each elementary signal. C classifies the energy of the spectrum in two metrological bands: elementary signal informative energy EI (band or single signal) and passive energy EP. This metrological classification of the energy overtakes the concept of noise: each signal is part of the noise band when it is not under observation and becomes out of the band when it is under observation (numerical observation→computation). C (and eC) allows to compute the value of the “visibility” of the informative signals in a high energy geomagnetic field (or spectrum). C is a fundamental parameter for the evaluation of the effectiveness of singularity magnetic metrology in the passive detection of small magnetic sources in high noised magnetic field.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB731800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60974059, 60736026, 61021063, 60904044, 61290324)Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList) Cross-discipline Foundation
文摘Closed-loop identification is important and necessary to various model-based advanced process control strategies, whose performance depends greatly on the informative property of the data set. Switching control is an important method in process control. Therefore, this paper studies the informative property of a data set in a single-input single-output (SISO) closed-loop system with a switching controller. It is proved that this data set is informative if the controller switches among at least two modes (i.e., feedback laws). Our result does not require any assumption on the way of switch and removes the constraints on the switching manner required in some classical literature. Finally, simulation case studies based on a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) process are given to validate the results.
基金This research is supported by Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS),Ministry of Education Malaysia(MOE)under the project code,FRGS/1/2018/ICT02/USM/02/9 titled,Automated Big Data Annotation for Training Semi-Supervised Deep Learning Model in Sentiment Classification.
文摘Sentiment classification is a useful tool to classify reviews about sentiments and attitudes towards a product or service.Existing studies heavily rely on sentiment classification methods that require fully annotated inputs.However,there is limited labelled text available,making the acquirement process of the fully annotated input costly and labour-intensive.Lately,semi-supervised methods emerge as they require only partially labelled input but perform comparably to supervised methods.Nevertheless,some works reported that the performance of the semi-supervised model degraded after adding unlabelled instances into training.Literature also shows that not all unlabelled instances are equally useful;thus identifying the informative unlabelled instances is beneficial in training a semi-supervised model.To achieve this,an informative score is proposed and incorporated into semisupervised sentiment classification.The evaluation is performed on a semisupervised method without an informative score and with an informative score.By using the informative score in the instance selection strategy to identify informative unlabelled instances,semi-supervised models perform better compared to models that do not incorporate informative scores into their training.Although the performance of semi-supervised models incorporated with an informative score is not able to surpass the supervised models,the results are still found promising as the differences in performance are subtle with a small difference of 2%to 5%,but the number of labelled instances used is greatly reduced from100%to 40%.The best finding of the proposed instance selection strategy is achieved when incorporating an informative score with a baseline confidence score at a 0.5:0.5 ratio using only 40%labelled data.
文摘In this paper we study estimator of mean residual life function in fixed design regression model when life times are subjected to informative random censoring from both sides. We prove an asymptotic normality of estimators.
文摘Multimedia Interactive Informative Systems (MIIS) are software applications resulting from the convergence of multiples technologies such as audiovisual, computing and communication. They aim to transmit information to a large, diverse and dispersed public. As with other mass media, the fulfillment of MIIS goals depends largely on the quality of communication between the system and end users. Therefore, those systems should be developed in order to ensure that this quality requirement is satisfied. If MIIS are constructed according to usual software engineering practices, the analysis discipline of the development process includes requirements identification and specification;however, these techniques are focused on functional requirements, and they do not give much importance to non-functional requirements. In this paper, we propose a development process based on the production of videogames which has two different phases: preproduction and production. The first phase, corresponding to requirements identification, derives into the concept of system. In order to translate this concept into a specification, we propose the use of new communicational attributes and a MIIS metamodel. The establishment of MIIS non-functional specification is the result of analyzing class diagrams through quality attributes. In order to evaluate if the specifications are responding to communicational attributes, a functional prototype is built and evaluated with end users. The proposed methodology is applied to a real case study.
文摘In Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province,there exists a quite special and interesting cultural phenomenon of the Bai ethnic group,which is the belief in Benzhu.There are a lot of poems and couplets in Benzhu temples.The poems are carved on the walls and tablets.The couplets,being on both sides of the doors,are carved on planks or written on red paper.Lan guage used in the poems and couplets plays the informative function.
文摘This paper explores whether the level of stock price informativeness about listed companies’future earnings is influenced by investor sentiment.In prior studies,investor sentiment,which can be regarded as the mood of the market,is defined as a belief about unjustified firms’future cash flow,investment returns and risks in capital markets.At the same time,stock price informativeness indicates how much information about a firm’s future earnings is reflected by stock prices.Higher price informativeness indicates a higher market efficiency level.Using linear regression analysis based on panel data from China’s stock market and listed companies,this research documents how stock price informativeness can be reduced by investor sentiment during market pessimism.However,although the explanatory power of future earnings over stock returns is strengthened by positive sentiment,it is not certain that positive sentiment increases price informativeness since the asset price bubble exists with extreme market optimism.Furthermore,the effect of sentiment on price informativeness would be weakened by higher state-owned shareholding.These empirical results imply that sentiment,to a certain degree,causes the investors’ignorance during pessimism and exaggeration during optimism over firms’earning prospects.Moreover,investors usually lack favour for state-owned enterprises during optimism,even though these companies actually have considerable earning prospects.While during pessimism,which usually happens after a crisis,the profitability and reliability of these state-owned enterprises are again emphasised by investors.
文摘Intertextile Beijing Apparel Fabrics,will be held from 29-31 March 2009 at the China International Exhibition Centre,will showcase the latest textiles from around the world on 48,000 sqm of exhibition space.The event has confirmed 1100 exhibitors from 14 countries and regions including
文摘In this study,efficient spectral line selection and wcightcd-avcraging-bascd processing schemes are proposed for the classification of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(UBS)measurements.For fast on-line classification,a set of representative spectral lines arc selected ami processed relying on the information metric,instead of the time consuming full spectrum based analysis.I he most informative spectral line sets arc investigated by the joint mutual information estimation(MIR)evaluated with the Gaussian kernel density,where dominant intensity peaks associated with the concentrated components arc not necessarily most valuable for classification.In order to further distinguish the characteristic patterns of die LIBS measured spectrum,two-dimensional spectral images are synthesized through column-wise concatenation of the peaks along with their neighbors.For fast classification while preserv ing die effect of distinctive peak patterns,column-wise Gaussian weighted averaging is applied to die synthesized images,yielding a favorable trade off between classification performance and computational complexity.To explore the applicability of the proposed schemes,two applications of alloy classification and skin cancer detection arc investigated with the multi-class and binary support vector machines classifiers,respectively.Ihc MIE measures associated with selected spectral lines in bodi applications show a strong correlation to the actual classification or detection accuracy,which enables to find out meaningful combinations of spectral lines.In addition,the peak patterns of the selected lines and their Gaussian weighted averaging with nciehbors of the selected peaks efficiently distineuish different classes of LIBS measured spectrum.
文摘It is noted that necessity of further increase of accuracy of GPS positioning systems requires de-velopment of more perfect methods to compensate information losses occurred due to residual ionospheric delay by using optimization procedures. According to the conditions of formulated optimization task, the signal/noise ratio in measurements of zenith wet delay depends on the second order ionospheric errors, geographic latitude and day of year. At the same time if we assume that the number of measurements at the fixed geographic site is proportional to geographic latitude and if we accept existence of only two antiphase scenarios for variation of residual ionospheric delay on latitude normed by their specific constant, there should be optimum functional dependence of precipitated water on latitude upon which the quantity of measuring information reaches the maximum. The mathematical grounding of solution of formulated optimization task is given.
文摘Onemust interact with a specific webpage or website in order to use the Internet for communication,teamwork,and other productive activities.However,because phishing websites look benign and not all website visitors have the same knowledge and skills to inspect the trustworthiness of visited websites,they are tricked into disclosing sensitive information and making them vulnerable to malicious software attacks like ransomware.It is impossible to stop attackers fromcreating phishingwebsites,which is one of the core challenges in combating them.However,this threat can be alleviated by detecting a specific website as phishing and alerting online users to take the necessary precautions before handing over sensitive information.In this study,five machine learning(ML)and DL algorithms—cat-boost(CATB),gradient boost(GB),random forest(RF),multilayer perceptron(MLP),and deep neural network(DNN)—were tested with three different reputable datasets and two useful feature selection techniques,to assess the scalability and consistency of each classifier’s performance on varied dataset sizes.The experimental findings reveal that the CATB classifier achieved the best accuracy across all datasets(DS-1,DS-2,and DS-3)with respective values of 97.9%,95.73%,and 98.83%.The GB classifier achieved the second-best accuracy across all datasets(DS-1,DS-2,and DS-3)with respective values of 97.16%,95.18%,and 98.58%.MLP achieved the best computational time across all datasets(DS-1,DS-2,and DS-3)with respective values of 2,7,and 3 seconds despite scoring the lowest accuracy across all datasets.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant#12101522the second author’s work in part by the U.S.National Science Foundation grant DMS1916170.
文摘Case-cohort studies are commonly used in various investigations,and many methods have been proposed for their analyses.However,most of the available methods are for right-censored data or assume that the censoring is independent of the underlying failure time of interest.In addition,they usually apply only to a specific model such as the Cox model that may often be restrictive or violated in practice.To relax these assumptions,we discuss regression analysis of interval-censored data,which arise more naturally in case-cohort studies than and include right-censored data as a special case,and propose a two-step inverse probability weighting estimation procedure under a general class of semiparametric transformation models.Among other features,the approach allows for informative censoring.In addition,an EM algorithm is developed for the determination of the proposed estimators and the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are established.Simulation results indicate that the approach workswell for practical situations and it is applied to aHIV vaccine trial that motivated this investigation.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62477001).
文摘Text classification is a pivotal task in natural language understanding,and its performance has seen remarkable advancements with the rise of Pre-trained Language Models(PLMs).Recently,the proliferation of PLMs has made it increasingly challenging to choose the most suitable model for a given dataset.Since fine-tuning the sheer number of models is impractical,Transferability Estimation(TE)has become a promising solution to efficient model selection.Unlike current TE methods that focus solely on fixed and hard class assignments to evaluate the quality of model-encoded features,our approach further takes into account the intersample and inter-model variations represented by soft class assignments.We achieve this by utilizing class embeddings to predict posterior class assignments,with the logarithm of the maximum posterior evidence serving as the transferability score.Moreover,we found that the informative sub-space of the dataset can lead to more accurate calculation of soft class assignments,where we achieve efficient annotation of informative samples by eliciting the powerful judging ability of large language model.The resulting posterior evidence over the informative sub-space,LogIPE,enables us to capture subtle differences between models,enhancing the accuracy of model selection and validated by extensive experiments conducted on a wide range of text classification datasets as well as candidate PLMs.
文摘Aims and Objectives:The plan of study was the evaluation of genetic diversity in the tribal populations of Northern West Bengal,tribal populations of southern West Bengal and the Muslim population of West Bengal,India,using 15 autosomal STR markers.Further investigation was done to find out the genetic relatedness of the studied populations with other previously documented Indian populations.Result:The studied tribal population of Northern West Bengal and Southern West Bengal showed a wide range of observed heterozygosity values,viz,from 0.667 to 0.878 and 0.699 to 0.863 respectively.Same was the case with the tribal population of Southern Bengal where the observed heterozygosity values ranged between 0.699 to 0.863.For the Muslim population the observed heterozygosity value was in the range of 0.742 to 0.885.The combined value of non-exclusion probability for all the studied loci was 0.00000550 for the tribal population of Northern West Bengal,0.00004445 for the Muslim population of West Bengal and 0.00000806 for the tribal population of Southern West Bengal.The neighbor joining(NJ)tree and principal component analysis(PCA)resulted in the clustering of our studied populations with other previously studied Indian populations.Conclusion:The data thus obtained demonstrated high forensic efficacy and will be therefore helpful in several population genetics studies and forensic applications.
基金This paper was supported by the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51521003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61803341)the Self-Planned Task of State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System(Harbin Institute of Technology,China)(Grant No.SKLRS202009B).No conflicts of interest exist in this paper.
文摘Applying a robot system in ultrasound-guided percutaneous intervention is an effective approach for prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment.The limited space for robot manipulation restricts structure volume and motion.In this paper,an 8-degree-of-freedom robot system is proposed for ultrasound probe manipulation,needle positioning,and needle insertion.A novel parallel structure is employed in the robot system for space saving,structural rigidity,and collision avoidance.The particle swarm optimization method based on informative value is proposed for kinematic parameter identification to calibrate the parallel structure accurately.The method identifies parameters in the modified kinematic model stepwise according to parameter discernibility.Verification experiments prove that the robot system can realize motions needed in targeting.By applying the calibration method,a reasonable,reliable forward kinematic model is built,and the average errors can be limited to 0.963 and 1.846 mm for insertion point and target point,respectively.
基金partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11671267)Scientific Research Level Improvement Quota Project of Capital University of Economics and Business and Scientific Research Foundation for Young Teachers of Capital University of Economics and Business(00591654490336)+6 种基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11301212,11401146)partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grants(No.11231010,11171330 and 11021161)Key Laboratory of RCSDS,CAS(No.2008DP173182)partly supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11271155)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(20110061110003)Scientific Research Fund of Jilin University(201100011)Jilin Province Natural Science Foundation(20101596)
文摘Panel count data occur in many clinical and observational studies and in some situations the observation process is informative. In this article, we propose a new joint model for the analysis of panel count data with time-dependent covariates and possibly in the presence of informative observation process via two latent variables. For the inference on the proposed model, a class of estimating equations is developed and the resulting estimators are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal. In addition, a lack-of-fit test is provided for assessing the adequacy of the model. The finite-sample behavior of the proposed methods is examined through Monte Carlo simulation studies which suggest that the proposed approach works well for practical situations. Also an illustrative example is provided.
