Electrical and electronic devices are becoming an increasingly important part of our society. In Africa, and in Senegal in particular, the handling and management of electronic and electrical equipment (EEE) that has ...Electrical and electronic devices are becoming an increasingly important part of our society. In Africa, and in Senegal in particular, the handling and management of electronic and electrical equipment (EEE) that has reached the end of its life is mainly informal. This professional environment is characterized by the disintegration of the sector and the social heterogeneity that can be found there. The objective of this study is to assess the standard of living of electrical and electronic equipment waste handlers in the Dakar region, as well as their perception of their health. A survey was used to obtain information on sociodemographic background, living arrangements, perception of health status, and good practices to be implemented in case of work-related health problems. Life style, perception of general health and health problems were ranged as excellent, very good, good, average and poor. Informal recyclers in the Dakar region lived mainly in rooms and buildings as tenants (49.1%), or in family homes (48.4%) before starting this activity, and 51.2% continue to live in rooms and buildings as tenants compared to 41.4% who still live in a family home. The perception of health status ranged from poor to excellent, and 4.9% believe that they are limited in work due to a disability or health problem. Informal work is a heterogeneous phenomenon that makes research and policymaking particularly complex. There are several external factors within informal WEEE re-cyclers that can cause health problems or functional disability. However, the living conditions and the perception they have of their state of health are contradictory to the working conditions and the social environment to which they belong. A biomedical approach would consolidate these achievements by confirming or invalidating them.展开更多
The following general status concerning nation-wide health institutions, hospital beds, personnel and hospital work as well as causes of diseases and death is briefly reported according to the Information Centre of He...The following general status concerning nation-wide health institutions, hospital beds, personnel and hospital work as well as causes of diseases and death is briefly reported according to the Information Centre of Health Statistics of the Ministry of Public Health of China. HEALTH INSTITUTION, HOSPITAL BEDS AND PERSONNEL In 1994 there was a slight decrease in the number of China’s health institutions while the increasing rate of hospital beds was slowed down and the nmnber of health personnel continued to increase. Health institutions. In 1994 the number of various health institutions in China totalled 191.7 thousand. with a decrease of 1844 as against 1993: there展开更多
The fast-developing intelligent infrastructure landscape catalyzes transformative new relationships of human,technology,and environment and requires new socio-technical configurations of information practice and knowl...The fast-developing intelligent infrastructure landscape catalyzes transformative new relationships of human,technology,and environment and requires new socio-technical configurations of information practice and knowledge work.With a focus on data as the source of intelligence,this paper aims to explore the shifting scenarios and indicative features of data science solutions for intelligent system applications and identify the evolving knowledge spaces and integrative learning practices in the“smart”landscape.It projects and discusses the democratization of data science platforms,the distribution of data intelligence on the edge,and the transition from vertical to horizontal data solutions in solving intelligent system problems.Through mapping the changing data research landscape,this work further reveals essential new roles of knowledge architects and social engineers in enabling dynamic data linking,interaction,and exploration for transdisciplinary data convergence.展开更多
In the 1950s, aided by the Soviet Union, the Chinese government established a multilevel science and technology(S&T) information system covering many regions and professional departments across the country.The sys...In the 1950s, aided by the Soviet Union, the Chinese government established a multilevel science and technology(S&T) information system covering many regions and professional departments across the country.The system's primary objective was to improve scientific research conditions and promote information exchange. With the deterioration of the Western technological blockade in the 1960s, the system's primary focus shifted to the acquisition of foreign S&T information. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the set-up, growth and activities of China's S&T information system between 1956 and 1966, with particular emphasis on the Institute of Scientific and Technical Information, its core establishment. The article examines how China facilitated S&T exchanges, despite the challenging international environment, and the role of the S&T information system as a crucial information pathway during China's early years under the People's Republic.展开更多
The West African region has long been known for its gold endowment and gold production.Apart from the last 20 to 30 years,this production was largely derived from informal artisanal workings covering large areas of We...The West African region has long been known for its gold endowment and gold production.Apart from the last 20 to 30 years,this production was largely derived from informal artisanal workings covering large areas of West Africa.For a period of over a thousand years until 1500 AD,West Africa was the world’s most important supplier of gold,much of which formed part of the trans-Sahara trade with the Arab world,whose monetary system was based on gold.Artisanal gold mining is still widespread across West Africa and a significant number of modern gold mines in the region were founded on artisanal mining sites.展开更多
文摘Electrical and electronic devices are becoming an increasingly important part of our society. In Africa, and in Senegal in particular, the handling and management of electronic and electrical equipment (EEE) that has reached the end of its life is mainly informal. This professional environment is characterized by the disintegration of the sector and the social heterogeneity that can be found there. The objective of this study is to assess the standard of living of electrical and electronic equipment waste handlers in the Dakar region, as well as their perception of their health. A survey was used to obtain information on sociodemographic background, living arrangements, perception of health status, and good practices to be implemented in case of work-related health problems. Life style, perception of general health and health problems were ranged as excellent, very good, good, average and poor. Informal recyclers in the Dakar region lived mainly in rooms and buildings as tenants (49.1%), or in family homes (48.4%) before starting this activity, and 51.2% continue to live in rooms and buildings as tenants compared to 41.4% who still live in a family home. The perception of health status ranged from poor to excellent, and 4.9% believe that they are limited in work due to a disability or health problem. Informal work is a heterogeneous phenomenon that makes research and policymaking particularly complex. There are several external factors within informal WEEE re-cyclers that can cause health problems or functional disability. However, the living conditions and the perception they have of their state of health are contradictory to the working conditions and the social environment to which they belong. A biomedical approach would consolidate these achievements by confirming or invalidating them.
文摘The following general status concerning nation-wide health institutions, hospital beds, personnel and hospital work as well as causes of diseases and death is briefly reported according to the Information Centre of Health Statistics of the Ministry of Public Health of China. HEALTH INSTITUTION, HOSPITAL BEDS AND PERSONNEL In 1994 there was a slight decrease in the number of China’s health institutions while the increasing rate of hospital beds was slowed down and the nmnber of health personnel continued to increase. Health institutions. In 1994 the number of various health institutions in China totalled 191.7 thousand. with a decrease of 1844 as against 1993: there
文摘The fast-developing intelligent infrastructure landscape catalyzes transformative new relationships of human,technology,and environment and requires new socio-technical configurations of information practice and knowledge work.With a focus on data as the source of intelligence,this paper aims to explore the shifting scenarios and indicative features of data science solutions for intelligent system applications and identify the evolving knowledge spaces and integrative learning practices in the“smart”landscape.It projects and discusses the democratization of data science platforms,the distribution of data intelligence on the edge,and the transition from vertical to horizontal data solutions in solving intelligent system problems.Through mapping the changing data research landscape,this work further reveals essential new roles of knowledge architects and social engineers in enabling dynamic data linking,interaction,and exploration for transdisciplinary data convergence.
文摘In the 1950s, aided by the Soviet Union, the Chinese government established a multilevel science and technology(S&T) information system covering many regions and professional departments across the country.The system's primary objective was to improve scientific research conditions and promote information exchange. With the deterioration of the Western technological blockade in the 1960s, the system's primary focus shifted to the acquisition of foreign S&T information. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the set-up, growth and activities of China's S&T information system between 1956 and 1966, with particular emphasis on the Institute of Scientific and Technical Information, its core establishment. The article examines how China facilitated S&T exchanges, despite the challenging international environment, and the role of the S&T information system as a crucial information pathway during China's early years under the People's Republic.
文摘The West African region has long been known for its gold endowment and gold production.Apart from the last 20 to 30 years,this production was largely derived from informal artisanal workings covering large areas of West Africa.For a period of over a thousand years until 1500 AD,West Africa was the world’s most important supplier of gold,much of which formed part of the trans-Sahara trade with the Arab world,whose monetary system was based on gold.Artisanal gold mining is still widespread across West Africa and a significant number of modern gold mines in the region were founded on artisanal mining sites.
