Influenza A virus(IAV) has a wide host range,including wild birds,poultry,various mammals,and even humans(Xu et al.2024).Currently,two subtypes of canine influenza virus(CIV),H3N8 and H3N2,are primarily circulating in...Influenza A virus(IAV) has a wide host range,including wild birds,poultry,various mammals,and even humans(Xu et al.2024).Currently,two subtypes of canine influenza virus(CIV),H3N8 and H3N2,are primarily circulating in dogs.The H3N8 CIV was introduced from horses into dogs in 2004(Crawford et al.2005),while the H3N2 CIV originated from chickens in Asia in 2007(Song et al.2008).In China,H3N2 is the predominant CIV subtype,with a prevalence rate of up to 5.63% in the canine population,as reported by Chen et al.(2023).CIV infection typically manifests with symptoms such as coughing,sneezing,runny nose,and fever but is rarely fatal.However,co-infection with other pathogens(e.g.,Streptococcus,Mycoplasma or canine parainfluenza virus) can exacerbate symptoms and lead to lethal outcomes(Yondo et al.2023).展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of annual trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine(IIV3)under the context of Zhejiang province.Methods:A state transition simulation model was constructed to estimate the he...Objective:To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of annual trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine(IIV3)under the context of Zhejiang province.Methods:A state transition simulation model was constructed to estimate the health and economic outcomes of IIV3 vaccination program compared to no vaccination for hypothetical cohorts of Zhejiang province stratified by age and risk status.Model input parameters were chosen based on published literatures and expert advices.The analysis used societal perspectives and a one-year time horizon,and permanent outcomes were also included.The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio(ICER),with expression of US dollars per quality adjusted life years(QALYs)gained.Results:In subgroups not at high risk for influenza-related complications(non-high risk subgroup),ICER ranged from $6268/QALY(for adults aged 50-64 years)to $11260/QALY(for children aged from 6 months to 4 years).In subgroups at high risk for influenza-related complications(high risk subgroup),ICER ranged from cost-saving(adults aged≥65 years)to $5260/QALY(for children aged from 6 months to 4 years).ICER were most sensitive to changes in probability of influenza illness,cost of hospitalization,and probability of death for adults aged 18-49 years with non-high risk status.Conclusions:ICERs of annual influenza vaccination varied by age and risk status but were less than the Gross Domestic Product(GDP)per capita of Zhejiang province($17745 in 2023),which remained cost-effective for all-age and different risk status groups from a societal perspective.展开更多
To meet the need for cultivating application-oriented talents in local universities,this study introduced a project-based learning approach into the reform of bioinformatics experimental teaching.The course was struct...To meet the need for cultivating application-oriented talents in local universities,this study introduced a project-based learning approach into the reform of bioinformatics experimental teaching.The course was structured around a project titled"Influenza Virus Analysis",comprising four progressive modules:database utilization and information retrieval,sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis,functional and structural prediction,and omics data analysis.These modules were integrated into a coherent research workflow that connected fragmented knowledge and technical skills.During implementation,flipped classroom and group collaboration methods were employed,alongside the establishment of a diversified assessment system emphasizing process evaluation.Teaching practice indicates that the reform effectively enhances students professional application skills,learning experience,and scientific literacy,facilitating a shift from"tool operation"to"problem-solving"capabilities.This study provides a reference model for the reform of bioinformatics experimental teaching in local universities.展开更多
Dear Editor,The highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses(HPAIVs)are important epizootic and zoonotic pathogens that cause significant economic losses to the poultry industry and pose a serious risk to veterinary and ...Dear Editor,The highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses(HPAIVs)are important epizootic and zoonotic pathogens that cause significant economic losses to the poultry industry and pose a serious risk to veterinary and public health.Wild birds have been recognized as the primary reservoirs for influenza A virus,and some species show little sign of clinical disease or even can be asymptomatic during long distance carriers of the virus(Lycett et al.,2019).Since it was first discovered in 1959,the H5Nx HPAIVs have spread globally and cause outbreaks in wild birds,poultry and sporadic human and other mammalian infections(Lycett et al.,2019).Due to the reassortant events of diverse strains facilitated by migratory waterfowl,the clade 2.3.4.4 of H5Nx viruses acquiring neuraminidase(NA)gene from other low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses(LPAIVs)emerged in 2014 and gradually became the dominant sub-clade(Lee et al.,2017).展开更多
The study examined the association between weekly mean temperature and influenza cases across 122 countries/regions(2014–2019)using a distributed lag non-linear model.We analyzed 3145206 cases of overall influenza(Fl...The study examined the association between weekly mean temperature and influenza cases across 122 countries/regions(2014–2019)using a distributed lag non-linear model.We analyzed 3145206 cases of overall influenza(Flu-All),with influenza A(Flu-A)and influenza B(Flu-B)accounting for 73.49%and 26.51%,respectively.Within a lag of two weeks,Flu-All incidence demonstrated a bimodal temperature relationship,with peak relative risks(RR)of 6.02(95%confidence interval[CI]:1.92–20.77)at–8℃and 3.08(95%CI:1.27–7.49)at 22℃.Flu-A exhibited a similar bimodal pattern,with RRs of 3.76(95%CI:2.39–5.91)at-8℃and 2.08(95%CI:1.55–2.80)at 22℃.Flu-B demonstrated a single risk peak at 1℃(RR=4.48,95%CI:1.74–11.55).Subgroup analyses of climate zones revealed variations:tropical zones peaked at 12℃(RR=1.37,95%CI:1.08–1.74),while dry and temperate zones exhibited the highest risks at-5℃,with RRs of 4.49(95%CI:2.46–7.15)and 5.23(95%CI:3.17–8.64),respectively.Cold zones peaked at 1℃(RR=5.96,95%CI:3.76–9.43).Subgroup analyses of influenza transmission zones revealed variations:Africa showed a higher risk between 6℃and 14℃,Asia showed a higher risk below 3℃,and Europe exhibited distinct risks of influenza peaks at-1℃(Eastern Europe),1℃(Southwestern Europe),and-20℃(Northern Europe).Elevated risks above 11℃were identified in the Americas and Oceania.These findings establish a predictive framework for influenza outbreak preparedness by integrating regional temperature patterns with global climate variability.展开更多
Background:The COVID-1’s impact on influenza activity is of interest to inform future flu prevention and control strategies.Our study aim to examine COVID-19’s effects on influenza in Fujian Province,China,using a r...Background:The COVID-1’s impact on influenza activity is of interest to inform future flu prevention and control strategies.Our study aim to examine COVID-19’s effects on influenza in Fujian Province,China,using a regression discontinuity design.Methods:We utilized influenza-like illness(ILI)percentage as an indicator of influenza activity,with data from all sentinel hospitals between Week 4,2020,and Week 51,2023.The data is divided into two groups:the COVID-19 epidemic period and the post-epidemic period.Statistical analysis was performed with R software using robust RD design methods to account for potential confounders including seasonality,temperature,and influenza vaccination rates.Results:There was a discernible increase in the ILI percentage during the post-epidemic period.The robustness of the findings was confirmed with various RD design bandwidth selection methods and placebo tests,with certwo bandwidth providing the largest estimated effect size:a 14.6-percentage-point increase in the ILI percentage(β=0.146;95%CI:0.096–0.196).Sensitivity analyses and adjustments for confounders consistently pointed to an increased ILI percentage during the post-epidemic period compared to the epidemic period.Conclusion:The 14.6 percentage-point increase in the ILI percentage in Fujian Province,China,after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic suggests that there may be a need to re-evaluate and possibly enhance public health measures to control influenza transmission.Further research is needed to fully understand the factors contributing to this rise and to assess the ongoing impacts of post-pandemic behavioral changes.展开更多
Influenza is a significant global public health challenge,with seasonal epidemics imposing substantial burdens on healthcare systems and vulnerable populations,causing 3 to 5 million severe cases and 290,000 to 650,00...Influenza is a significant global public health challenge,with seasonal epidemics imposing substantial burdens on healthcare systems and vulnerable populations,causing 3 to 5 million severe cases and 290,000 to 650,000 respiratory-related deaths worldwide each year[1].Vaccines are an effective means of preventing influenza.In recent years,China has made progress in vaccine development and immunization strategies.The population is recommended to receive influenza vaccines annually;however,their coverage remain suboptimal[2].The World Health Organization(WHO)highlights that all countries should consider implementing seasonal influenza immunization programs,with priority groups determined based on local epidemiological contexts.In alignment with the Immunization Agenda 2030,the use of seasonal influenza vaccines contributes to strengthening the life course of immunization and serves as a critical component for addressing influenza pandemics,as outlined in the WHO Global Influenza Strategy 2019-2030.展开更多
Objective:To assess knowledge levels regarding seasonal influenza and its vaccine among high-risk Malaysian urban dwellers and identify factors associated with both knowledge acquisition and vaccination behavior.Metho...Objective:To assess knowledge levels regarding seasonal influenza and its vaccine among high-risk Malaysian urban dwellers and identify factors associated with both knowledge acquisition and vaccination behavior.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study conducted between April-July 2024 in two urban communities in Malaysia.High-risk participants(n=390)including adults≥65 years or aged 18+with chronic illnesses,were recruited through convenience sampling from public areas.Knowledge was assessed using a validated 12-item questionnaire(Cronbach'sα=0.977),categorized as good(7-12 points)or poor(0-6 points).Primary outcomes included knowledge scores,vaccination uptake rates,and associated demographic and clinical factors.Multivariate logistic regression identified independent predictors of good knowledge and vaccination behavior.Results:A total of 390 respondents were included in this study The mean age of the respondents were(58.4±12.7)years,and the majority of them were aged 65 or above(113/390,29.0%),males(212/390,54.4%),and of Chinese ethnicity(363/390,93.1%).Though 68.7%(268/390;95%CI 63.9%-73.2%)demonstrated good influenza knowledge,only 12.1%(47/390;95%CI 9.0%-15.8%)received annual vaccination.Independent predictors of good knowledge included female sex(aOR 1.65,95%CI 1.04-2.62,P=0.034),tertiary education(aOR 8.76,95%CI 2.79-27.51,P<0.001),diabetes(aOR 2.68,95%CI 1.07-6.69,P=0.035),and vaccination history(aOR 1.89,95%CI 1.09-3.28,P=0.024).Only 24.4%(95/390)respondents received physician vaccination recommendations.Social media constituted the primary information source(34.6%vs.24.4%from physicians).Conclusions:A substantial knowledge-behavior gap exists in influenza vaccination among high-risk Malaysian adults.Despite good knowledge levels,vaccination rates remain critically low,highlighting that knowledge alone is insufficient to drive vaccination behavior.Low physician recommendation rates represent a critical missed opportunity for prevention.Healthcare system interventions focusing on provider education,systematic vaccination recommendations,and evidence-based social media campaigns are essential to improve vaccination coverage in high-risk populations.展开更多
Forecasting future outbreaks can help in minimizing their spread.Influenza is a disease primarily found in animals but transferred to humans through pigs.In 1918,influenza became a pandemic and spread rapidly all over...Forecasting future outbreaks can help in minimizing their spread.Influenza is a disease primarily found in animals but transferred to humans through pigs.In 1918,influenza became a pandemic and spread rapidly all over the world becoming the cause behind killing one-third of the human population and killing one-fourth of the pig population.Afterwards,that influenza became a pandemic several times on a local and global levels.In 2009,influenza‘A’subtype H1N1 again took many human lives.The disease spread like in a pandemic quickly.This paper proposes a forecasting modeling system for the influenza pandemic using a feed-forward propagation neural network(MSDII-FFNN).This model helps us predict the outbreak,and determines which type of influenza becomes a pandemic,as well as which geographical area is infected.Data collection for the model is done by using IoT devices.This model is divided into 2 phases:The training phase and the validation phase,both being connected through the cloud.In the training phase,the model is trained using FFNN and is updated on the cloud.In the validation phase,whenever the input is submitted through the IoT devices,the system model is updated through the cloud and predicts the pandemic alert.In our dataset,the data is divided into an 85%training ratio and a 15%validation ratio.By applying the proposed model to our dataset,the predicted output precision is 90%.展开更多
Influenza,a highly contagious respiratory infectious disease caused by an influenza virus,is a threat to public health worldwide.Avian influenza viruses(AIVs)have the potential to cause the next pandemic by crossing t...Influenza,a highly contagious respiratory infectious disease caused by an influenza virus,is a threat to public health worldwide.Avian influenza viruses(AIVs)have the potential to cause the next pandemic by crossing the species barrier through mutation of viral genome.Here,we investigated the pathogenicity of AIVs obtained from South Korea and Mongolia during 2018–2019 by measuring viral titers in the lungs and extrapulmonary organs of mouse models.In addition,we assessed the pathogenicity of AIVs in ferret models.Moreover,we compared the ability of viruses to replicate in mammalian cells,as well as the receptor-binding preferences of AIV isolates.Genetic analyses were finally performed to identify the genetic relationships and amino acid substitutions between viral proteins during mammalian adaptation.Of the 24 AIV isolates tested,A/Mallard/South Korea/KNU2019-34/2019(KNU19-34;H1N1)caused severe bodyweight loss and high mortality in mice.The virus replicated in the lungs,kidneys,and heart.Importantly,KNU19-34-infected ferrets showed high viral loads in both nasal washes and lungs.KNU19-34 replicated rapidly in A549 and bound preferentially to human likeα2,6-linked sialic acids rather than to avian-likeα2,3-linked sialic acids,similar to the pandemic A/California/04/2009(H1N1)strain.Gene segments of KNU19-34 were distributed in Egypt and Asia lineages from 2015 to 2018,and the virus had several amino acid substitutions compared to H1N1 AIV isolates that were non-pathogenic in mice.Collectively,the data suggest that KNU19-34 has zoonotic potential and the possibility of new mutations responsible for mammalian adaptation.展开更多
Artemisia annua L.is a medicinal herb with multiple therapeutic applications,whereas its antiinfluenza A virus(IAV)efficiency and mechanism of action are still unclear.Here,we investigated the inhibition activity and ...Artemisia annua L.is a medicinal herb with multiple therapeutic applications,whereas its antiinfluenza A virus(IAV)efficiency and mechanism of action are still unclear.Here,we investigated the inhibition activity and mechanism of A.annua leaf methanol extracts(AALME)against IAV in vitro and in vivo.Our results revealed that AALME exhibits potent anti-IAV activity by interacting with IAV particles.Mechanistically,AALME directly targets the IAV nucleoprotein(NP)protein and abolishes the nuclear import of IAV NP.AALME profoundly suppresses IAV-induced mitochondrial apoptosis via suppressing ROS-mediated AIF-dependent pathways.More importantly,we found that AALME plays a crucial role in protecting mice from IAV infection and mitigating IAV pathogenicity.This current work provides mechanistic insight into the mechanism by which AALME controls IAV infection in vitro and in vivo,potentially contributing to the development of antiviral treatments for IAV infection.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic effects of Jinxin oral liquid(金欣口服液,JX)on influenza A virus(H1N1)influenza virus infected mice.METHODS:We established a model of by intranasally infecting the mice with H1...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic effects of Jinxin oral liquid(金欣口服液,JX)on influenza A virus(H1N1)influenza virus infected mice.METHODS:We established a model of by intranasally infecting the mice with H1N1 virus.The mice were then orally administered JX or ribavirin to evaluate their therapeutic effects in vivo.We conducted histologic and immunohistochemical analyses,enzyme linked immunosorbent assay or quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to assess lung damage and the expression of inflammatory cytokines.Western blot(WB)experiments was conducted to measure the activation of NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)pathway.Flow cytometry was employed to quantify the populations of alveolar macrophages(AMs).To block the NLRP3 pathway,mice were treated with MCC950.For AMs depletion,mice were intranasally administered a single dose of clodronate liposome.RESULTS:Administration of JX demonstrated a protective effect against H1N1-induced lung pathology by reducing lung injury,suppressing lung inflammation,and decreasing viral titer.JX significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines,such as interleukin(IL)-1βand tumor necrosis factor-ɑ,in H1N1-infected mice.JX inhibits the activation of NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)/apoptosis-associated specklike protein containing a caspase recruitment domain/caspase 1 pathway in the lungs and AMs of H1N1-infected mice.The inhibitory effect of JX on IL-1βsecretion was mediated by blocking the NLRP3 pathway activation in AMs.CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggest that JX holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for suppressing the aggressive pro-inflammatory response induced by H1N1 infection.Further research and development are warranted to explore the full potential of JX in the prevention and treatment of H1N1 infection。展开更多
Introduction: Influenza A (Flu A) and B (Flu B) viruses are responsible for severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) worldwide, with a morbidity of 5 million and mortality of 29,000 - 650,000 deaths per year. Influe...Introduction: Influenza A (Flu A) and B (Flu B) viruses are responsible for severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) worldwide, with a morbidity of 5 million and mortality of 29,000 - 650,000 deaths per year. Influenza B viruses are an important cause of respiratory infections in humans, but they tend to be underappreciated due to the predominance of Influenza A. No molecular study on Influenza B has been carried out in the DRC. This study was conducted to document the molecular evolution of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene in the circulating Influenza B strains over the eight consecutive epidemic seasons (from 2015 to 2022). Methods: Samples were collected from outpatient cases suspected of influenza-like illness (ILI) and in all hospitalized patients with SARI from January 2015 to December 2022. Molecular analysis was done to determine influenza type and subtype, and then segments encoding the HA gene of Influenza B viruses were performed. Results: Of 8497 samples collected and tested, 639 (7.5%) were positive for influenza viruses, including 389 (60.8%) for Influenza A viruses and 248 (38,8%) for Influenza B viruses. Of the positive Influenza B samples, 91 were sequenced, including 26 belonging to the B/Yamagata lineage and 65 to the B/Victoria lineage. The HA gene of Influenza B viruses circulating in the DRC showed deletions in the HA1 region. Molecular analysis of Influenza B viruses reflects the genetic diversity of Influenza B/Yam virus clades (Y2, Y3, Y3V1A) alternating with Influenza B/Victoria virus clades (V1A, V1A.3) depending on the year and influenza seasons. The phylogenetic analysis of these Influenza B strains shows compatibility with the corresponding vaccine strains that the WHO had validated for each influenza season. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of continuous molecular surveillance of Influenza B viruses in the DRC to understand their epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics. Identifying mutations, such as HA deletions, is critical for assessing their impact on transmissibility vaccine efficacy and guiding effective vaccination and control strategies.展开更多
Probiotics show anti-influenza activity,offering a potential variant-resistant alternative for infection prevention and control.In this study,we evaluated whether a specially formulated yogurt enriched with synbiotics...Probiotics show anti-influenza activity,offering a potential variant-resistant alternative for infection prevention and control.In this study,we evaluated whether a specially formulated yogurt enriched with synbiotics(named yogurt 1)with 7 probiotics and 6 prebiotics,has anti-influenza effects and its underlying mechanisms using a mouse model challenged with influenza virus H1N1 PR8 strain.The mice were treated with phosphate-buffered saline(negative control),yogurt matrix,yogurt 1,and oseltamivir(positive control),respectively.Yogurt 1 treatment improved the survival of infected mice(from 0%to 30%),alleviated pathological injuries in the lungs and colon,and reduced the viral load of influenza virus on day 3 and day 7 post-infection.Yogurt 1 also downregulated some inflammation-related signaling pathways and reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines or chemokines in the lungs or serum,including interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and keratinocyte chemoattractant(KC).The levels of short-chain fatty acids in the cecal content were increased,the diversity of the intestinal flora was partially restored,and influenza-specific Ig G and interferon-secreting lymphocytes were enhanced following yogurt 1 administration.Thus,yogurt 1,as a commercial and easily accessible dairy product,demonstrated a notable anti-influenza effect in mice by inhibiting viral proliferation,suppressing excessive inflammatory responses,and promoting influenza virus-specific adaptive humoral and cellular immune responses,demonstrating its potential for influenza epidemic prevention and control.展开更多
Immunomodulatory cancer therapy is witnessing the rise of viral immunotherapy.The oncolytic influenza A virus,although promising in preclinical investigations,remains to be implemented in clinical practice.Recent prog...Immunomodulatory cancer therapy is witnessing the rise of viral immunotherapy.The oncolytic influenza A virus,although promising in preclinical investigations,remains to be implemented in clinical practice.Recent progress in genetic engineering,coupled with experiential insights,offers opportunities to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the influenza A virus.This review explores the use of the influenza virus,its attenuated forms,and associated vaccines in cancer immunotherapy,highlighting their respective advantages and challenges.We further elucidate methods for engineering influenza viruses and innovative approaches to augment them with cytokines or immune checkpoint inhibitors,aiming to maximize their clinical impact.Our goal is to provide insights essential for refining influenza A virus-based viral tumor immunotherapies.展开更多
Climate change is a pressing global environmental issue^([1]).The gradual rise in global surface temperature is the most immediate and direct among its public health impacts.Influenza,the leading cause of human respir...Climate change is a pressing global environmental issue^([1]).The gradual rise in global surface temperature is the most immediate and direct among its public health impacts.Influenza,the leading cause of human respiratory viral infections,remains a substantial public health concern owing to its considerable disease burden,particularly in highrisk groups.Mounting epidemiological evidence has linked influenza to extreme heat and cold weather^([2–4]).展开更多
Predicting cross-immunity between viral strains is vital for public health surveillance and vaccine development.Traditional neural network methods,such as BiLSTM,could be ineffective due to the lack of lab data for mo...Predicting cross-immunity between viral strains is vital for public health surveillance and vaccine development.Traditional neural network methods,such as BiLSTM,could be ineffective due to the lack of lab data for model training and the overshadowing of crucial features within sequence concatenation.The current work proposes a less data-consuming model incorporating a pre-trained gene sequence model and a mutual information inference operator.Our methodology utilizes gene alignment and deduplication algorithms to preprocess gene sequences,enhancing the model’s capacity to discern and focus on distinctions among input gene pairs.The model,i.e.,DNA Pretrained Cross-Immunity Protection Inference model(DPCIPI),outperforms state-of-theart(SOTA)models in predicting hemagglutination inhibition titer from influenza viral gene sequences only.Improvement in binary cross-immunity prediction is 1.58%in F1,2.34%in precision,1.57%in recall,and 1.57%in Accuracy.For multilevel cross-immunity improvements,the improvement is 2.12%in F1,3.50%in precision,2.19%in recall,and 2.19%in Accuracy.Our study showcases the potential of pre-trained gene models to improve predictions of antigenic variation and cross-immunity.With expanding gene data and advancements in pre-trained models,this approach promises significant impacts on vaccine development and public health.展开更多
Dear Editor,The circulation of respiratory viruses,primarily the influenza virus,has been disrupted by the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and SARS-CoV-2.Epidemiological surveillance data during the COVID-19 pandem...Dear Editor,The circulation of respiratory viruses,primarily the influenza virus,has been disrupted by the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and SARS-CoV-2.Epidemiological surveillance data during the COVID-19 pandemic indicate a decline in the circulation of the influenza B Yamagata lineage in recent periods,suggesting a dynamic shift in the epidemiology of influenza B viruses(IBVs).展开更多
Avian influenza viruses(AIVs)represent an ongoing threat to global health due to their capacity for genetic evolution,zoonotic transmission,and pandemic emergence.This review highlights recent progress in understandin...Avian influenza viruses(AIVs)represent an ongoing threat to global health due to their capacity for genetic evolution,zoonotic transmission,and pandemic emergence.This review highlights recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying AIV infection,including viral immune evasion strategies and host-virus interactions.It discusses recent outbreaks involving reassortant strains such as H5N1 and H9N2,and examines their public health co-nsequences.Advancements in antiviral therapy,including resistance patterns,and the development of next-generation vaccines such as messenger RNA and universal influenza vaccines are reviewed.The integration of genomic surveillance,artificial intelligence-driven prediction,and One Health approaches is emphasized as essential for pandemic preparedness.This comprehensive overview aims to provide researchers and policymakers with actionable insights for controlling the evolving threat of avian influenza.展开更多
Objective Despite the global decrease in influenza infections during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,seasonal influenza remains a significant health issue.South Korea,known for its robust pandemic respo...Objective Despite the global decrease in influenza infections during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,seasonal influenza remains a significant health issue.South Korea,known for its robust pandemic response and high influenza vaccination rates,offers a unique context for examining changes in vaccination trends during the pandemic.Using nationally representative data,we aimed to understand the impact of the pandemic on influenza vaccination behavior over a 12-year period and to identify vulnerable groups.Methods We analyzed influenza vaccination rates in South Korea between 2011-2022,focusing on pandemic-related impacts.The data of 2,426,139 adults(≥19 years)from the Korea Community Health Survey were used to assess demographic and sociological factors influencing vaccination behaviors.Results We observed an increase in influenza vaccination rates during the pre-COVID-19 period from 2011-2013(weighted prevalence:46.68%[95%confidence interval(CI):46.55-46.82])to 2017-2019(weighted prevalence:52.50%[95%CI:52.38-52.63]).However,a significant decline was observed in 2022,the late-COVID-19 pandemic period(weighted prevalence:55.78%[95%CI:55.56-56.01]),compared with the mid-pandemic period in 2021(weighted prevalence:59.12%[95%CI:58.91-59.32]),particularly among populations traditionally prioritized for influenza vaccination,including older adults(≥65 years)and patients with chronic diseases and low educational and income levels.Conclusion The influenza vaccination rate in South Korea was significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic,showing a notable decrease among vulnerable demographic groups.This suggests the need for targeted public health strategies to address vaccine hesitancy and improve vaccination rates,particularly among high-risk populations.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD1800200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32170539)。
文摘Influenza A virus(IAV) has a wide host range,including wild birds,poultry,various mammals,and even humans(Xu et al.2024).Currently,two subtypes of canine influenza virus(CIV),H3N8 and H3N2,are primarily circulating in dogs.The H3N8 CIV was introduced from horses into dogs in 2004(Crawford et al.2005),while the H3N2 CIV originated from chickens in Asia in 2007(Song et al.2008).In China,H3N2 is the predominant CIV subtype,with a prevalence rate of up to 5.63% in the canine population,as reported by Chen et al.(2023).CIV infection typically manifests with symptoms such as coughing,sneezing,runny nose,and fever but is rarely fatal.However,co-infection with other pathogens(e.g.,Streptococcus,Mycoplasma or canine parainfluenza virus) can exacerbate symptoms and lead to lethal outcomes(Yondo et al.2023).
基金funded by Medical and Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang province(Grant number:2023KY633).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of annual trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine(IIV3)under the context of Zhejiang province.Methods:A state transition simulation model was constructed to estimate the health and economic outcomes of IIV3 vaccination program compared to no vaccination for hypothetical cohorts of Zhejiang province stratified by age and risk status.Model input parameters were chosen based on published literatures and expert advices.The analysis used societal perspectives and a one-year time horizon,and permanent outcomes were also included.The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio(ICER),with expression of US dollars per quality adjusted life years(QALYs)gained.Results:In subgroups not at high risk for influenza-related complications(non-high risk subgroup),ICER ranged from $6268/QALY(for adults aged 50-64 years)to $11260/QALY(for children aged from 6 months to 4 years).In subgroups at high risk for influenza-related complications(high risk subgroup),ICER ranged from cost-saving(adults aged≥65 years)to $5260/QALY(for children aged from 6 months to 4 years).ICER were most sensitive to changes in probability of influenza illness,cost of hospitalization,and probability of death for adults aged 18-49 years with non-high risk status.Conclusions:ICERs of annual influenza vaccination varied by age and risk status but were less than the Gross Domestic Product(GDP)per capita of Zhejiang province($17745 in 2023),which remained cost-effective for all-age and different risk status groups from a societal perspective.
基金Supported by Undergraduate Higher Education Teaching Quality and Reform Projects of Guangdong Province(Yuejiao Gao Han[2024]No.9,Yuejiao Gao Han[2024]No.30)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515110973)+1 种基金Guangdong Provincial Young Innovative Talents Project of General Colleges and Universities(2023KQNCX089)Quality Engineering and Teaching Reform Projects of Zhaoqing University(zlgc202239,zlgc202207,zlgc2024005,zlgc2024038).
文摘To meet the need for cultivating application-oriented talents in local universities,this study introduced a project-based learning approach into the reform of bioinformatics experimental teaching.The course was structured around a project titled"Influenza Virus Analysis",comprising four progressive modules:database utilization and information retrieval,sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis,functional and structural prediction,and omics data analysis.These modules were integrated into a coherent research workflow that connected fragmented knowledge and technical skills.During implementation,flipped classroom and group collaboration methods were employed,alongside the establishment of a diversified assessment system emphasizing process evaluation.Teaching practice indicates that the reform effectively enhances students professional application skills,learning experience,and scientific literacy,facilitating a shift from"tool operation"to"problem-solving"capabilities.This study provides a reference model for the reform of bioinformatics experimental teaching in local universities.
基金supported by Zhejiang Province Science and Technology Cooperation Project of“Three Rural and Nine Parties”(grant number 2023SNJF059).
文摘Dear Editor,The highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses(HPAIVs)are important epizootic and zoonotic pathogens that cause significant economic losses to the poultry industry and pose a serious risk to veterinary and public health.Wild birds have been recognized as the primary reservoirs for influenza A virus,and some species show little sign of clinical disease or even can be asymptomatic during long distance carriers of the virus(Lycett et al.,2019).Since it was first discovered in 1959,the H5Nx HPAIVs have spread globally and cause outbreaks in wild birds,poultry and sporadic human and other mammalian infections(Lycett et al.,2019).Due to the reassortant events of diverse strains facilitated by migratory waterfowl,the clade 2.3.4.4 of H5Nx viruses acquiring neuraminidase(NA)gene from other low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses(LPAIVs)emerged in 2014 and gradually became the dominant sub-clade(Lee et al.,2017).
基金supported by the Nanjing Important Science&Technology Specific Projects(Grant No.2021-11005 to P.H.)。
文摘The study examined the association between weekly mean temperature and influenza cases across 122 countries/regions(2014–2019)using a distributed lag non-linear model.We analyzed 3145206 cases of overall influenza(Flu-All),with influenza A(Flu-A)and influenza B(Flu-B)accounting for 73.49%and 26.51%,respectively.Within a lag of two weeks,Flu-All incidence demonstrated a bimodal temperature relationship,with peak relative risks(RR)of 6.02(95%confidence interval[CI]:1.92–20.77)at–8℃and 3.08(95%CI:1.27–7.49)at 22℃.Flu-A exhibited a similar bimodal pattern,with RRs of 3.76(95%CI:2.39–5.91)at-8℃and 2.08(95%CI:1.55–2.80)at 22℃.Flu-B demonstrated a single risk peak at 1℃(RR=4.48,95%CI:1.74–11.55).Subgroup analyses of climate zones revealed variations:tropical zones peaked at 12℃(RR=1.37,95%CI:1.08–1.74),while dry and temperate zones exhibited the highest risks at-5℃,with RRs of 4.49(95%CI:2.46–7.15)and 5.23(95%CI:3.17–8.64),respectively.Cold zones peaked at 1℃(RR=5.96,95%CI:3.76–9.43).Subgroup analyses of influenza transmission zones revealed variations:Africa showed a higher risk between 6℃and 14℃,Asia showed a higher risk below 3℃,and Europe exhibited distinct risks of influenza peaks at-1℃(Eastern Europe),1℃(Southwestern Europe),and-20℃(Northern Europe).Elevated risks above 11℃were identified in the Americas and Oceania.These findings establish a predictive framework for influenza outbreak preparedness by integrating regional temperature patterns with global climate variability.
基金supported by the Youth Scientific Research Project of Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention(2022QN02)the Fujian Provincial Health Youth Scientific Research Project(2023QNA040).
文摘Background:The COVID-1’s impact on influenza activity is of interest to inform future flu prevention and control strategies.Our study aim to examine COVID-19’s effects on influenza in Fujian Province,China,using a regression discontinuity design.Methods:We utilized influenza-like illness(ILI)percentage as an indicator of influenza activity,with data from all sentinel hospitals between Week 4,2020,and Week 51,2023.The data is divided into two groups:the COVID-19 epidemic period and the post-epidemic period.Statistical analysis was performed with R software using robust RD design methods to account for potential confounders including seasonality,temperature,and influenza vaccination rates.Results:There was a discernible increase in the ILI percentage during the post-epidemic period.The robustness of the findings was confirmed with various RD design bandwidth selection methods and placebo tests,with certwo bandwidth providing the largest estimated effect size:a 14.6-percentage-point increase in the ILI percentage(β=0.146;95%CI:0.096–0.196).Sensitivity analyses and adjustments for confounders consistently pointed to an increased ILI percentage during the post-epidemic period compared to the epidemic period.Conclusion:The 14.6 percentage-point increase in the ILI percentage in Fujian Province,China,after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic suggests that there may be a need to re-evaluate and possibly enhance public health measures to control influenza transmission.Further research is needed to fully understand the factors contributing to this rise and to assess the ongoing impacts of post-pandemic behavioral changes.
基金supported by the Chinese Association of Preventive Medicine-Vaccine and Immunization Youth Talent Support Project(CPMAQT-YM0314)。
文摘Influenza is a significant global public health challenge,with seasonal epidemics imposing substantial burdens on healthcare systems and vulnerable populations,causing 3 to 5 million severe cases and 290,000 to 650,000 respiratory-related deaths worldwide each year[1].Vaccines are an effective means of preventing influenza.In recent years,China has made progress in vaccine development and immunization strategies.The population is recommended to receive influenza vaccines annually;however,their coverage remain suboptimal[2].The World Health Organization(WHO)highlights that all countries should consider implementing seasonal influenza immunization programs,with priority groups determined based on local epidemiological contexts.In alignment with the Immunization Agenda 2030,the use of seasonal influenza vaccines contributes to strengthening the life course of immunization and serves as a critical component for addressing influenza pandemics,as outlined in the WHO Global Influenza Strategy 2019-2030.
文摘Objective:To assess knowledge levels regarding seasonal influenza and its vaccine among high-risk Malaysian urban dwellers and identify factors associated with both knowledge acquisition and vaccination behavior.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study conducted between April-July 2024 in two urban communities in Malaysia.High-risk participants(n=390)including adults≥65 years or aged 18+with chronic illnesses,were recruited through convenience sampling from public areas.Knowledge was assessed using a validated 12-item questionnaire(Cronbach'sα=0.977),categorized as good(7-12 points)or poor(0-6 points).Primary outcomes included knowledge scores,vaccination uptake rates,and associated demographic and clinical factors.Multivariate logistic regression identified independent predictors of good knowledge and vaccination behavior.Results:A total of 390 respondents were included in this study The mean age of the respondents were(58.4±12.7)years,and the majority of them were aged 65 or above(113/390,29.0%),males(212/390,54.4%),and of Chinese ethnicity(363/390,93.1%).Though 68.7%(268/390;95%CI 63.9%-73.2%)demonstrated good influenza knowledge,only 12.1%(47/390;95%CI 9.0%-15.8%)received annual vaccination.Independent predictors of good knowledge included female sex(aOR 1.65,95%CI 1.04-2.62,P=0.034),tertiary education(aOR 8.76,95%CI 2.79-27.51,P<0.001),diabetes(aOR 2.68,95%CI 1.07-6.69,P=0.035),and vaccination history(aOR 1.89,95%CI 1.09-3.28,P=0.024).Only 24.4%(95/390)respondents received physician vaccination recommendations.Social media constituted the primary information source(34.6%vs.24.4%from physicians).Conclusions:A substantial knowledge-behavior gap exists in influenza vaccination among high-risk Malaysian adults.Despite good knowledge levels,vaccination rates remain critically low,highlighting that knowledge alone is insufficient to drive vaccination behavior.Low physician recommendation rates represent a critical missed opportunity for prevention.Healthcare system interventions focusing on provider education,systematic vaccination recommendations,and evidence-based social media campaigns are essential to improve vaccination coverage in high-risk populations.
基金Data and Artificial Intelligence Scientific Chair at UmmAlQura University.
文摘Forecasting future outbreaks can help in minimizing their spread.Influenza is a disease primarily found in animals but transferred to humans through pigs.In 1918,influenza became a pandemic and spread rapidly all over the world becoming the cause behind killing one-third of the human population and killing one-fourth of the pig population.Afterwards,that influenza became a pandemic several times on a local and global levels.In 2009,influenza‘A’subtype H1N1 again took many human lives.The disease spread like in a pandemic quickly.This paper proposes a forecasting modeling system for the influenza pandemic using a feed-forward propagation neural network(MSDII-FFNN).This model helps us predict the outbreak,and determines which type of influenza becomes a pandemic,as well as which geographical area is infected.Data collection for the model is done by using IoT devices.This model is divided into 2 phases:The training phase and the validation phase,both being connected through the cloud.In the training phase,the model is trained using FFNN and is updated on the cloud.In the validation phase,whenever the input is submitted through the IoT devices,the system model is updated through the cloud and predicts the pandemic alert.In our dataset,the data is divided into an 85%training ratio and a 15%validation ratio.By applying the proposed model to our dataset,the predicted output precision is 90%.
基金funded by grants from the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(2018M3A9H4055203 and 2023R1A2C2003679)from the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI),funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea(HV23C1857)from KRIBB Research Initiative Program(KGM9942421).
文摘Influenza,a highly contagious respiratory infectious disease caused by an influenza virus,is a threat to public health worldwide.Avian influenza viruses(AIVs)have the potential to cause the next pandemic by crossing the species barrier through mutation of viral genome.Here,we investigated the pathogenicity of AIVs obtained from South Korea and Mongolia during 2018–2019 by measuring viral titers in the lungs and extrapulmonary organs of mouse models.In addition,we assessed the pathogenicity of AIVs in ferret models.Moreover,we compared the ability of viruses to replicate in mammalian cells,as well as the receptor-binding preferences of AIV isolates.Genetic analyses were finally performed to identify the genetic relationships and amino acid substitutions between viral proteins during mammalian adaptation.Of the 24 AIV isolates tested,A/Mallard/South Korea/KNU2019-34/2019(KNU19-34;H1N1)caused severe bodyweight loss and high mortality in mice.The virus replicated in the lungs,kidneys,and heart.Importantly,KNU19-34-infected ferrets showed high viral loads in both nasal washes and lungs.KNU19-34 replicated rapidly in A549 and bound preferentially to human likeα2,6-linked sialic acids rather than to avian-likeα2,3-linked sialic acids,similar to the pandemic A/California/04/2009(H1N1)strain.Gene segments of KNU19-34 were distributed in Egypt and Asia lineages from 2015 to 2018,and the virus had several amino acid substitutions compared to H1N1 AIV isolates that were non-pathogenic in mice.Collectively,the data suggest that KNU19-34 has zoonotic potential and the possibility of new mutations responsible for mammalian adaptation.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170937)Shenzhen Medical Research Fund(SMRF,A2303015)+3 种基金Pearl River Talent Project of Guangdong Province(2021QN02Y426)Shenzhen Peacock Plan Project(827/000655)to Liang Yethe Yunnan Provincial Key Areas Science and Technology Plan Project(202303AC100025)Yunnan Scholar of Yunling(YNWRYLXZ-2019-019)to Rongping Zhang.
文摘Artemisia annua L.is a medicinal herb with multiple therapeutic applications,whereas its antiinfluenza A virus(IAV)efficiency and mechanism of action are still unclear.Here,we investigated the inhibition activity and mechanism of A.annua leaf methanol extracts(AALME)against IAV in vitro and in vivo.Our results revealed that AALME exhibits potent anti-IAV activity by interacting with IAV particles.Mechanistically,AALME directly targets the IAV nucleoprotein(NP)protein and abolishes the nuclear import of IAV NP.AALME profoundly suppresses IAV-induced mitochondrial apoptosis via suppressing ROS-mediated AIF-dependent pathways.More importantly,we found that AALME plays a crucial role in protecting mice from IAV infection and mitigating IAV pathogenicity.This current work provides mechanistic insight into the mechanism by which AALME controls IAV infection in vitro and in vivo,potentially contributing to the development of antiviral treatments for IAV infection.
基金Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by Chinese Association for Clinical Medicine(2021-QNRC2-B14)Colleges and universities in Jiangsu Province Natural Science Research:Investigating the Mechanism of Jinping Decoction Inhibiting the Differentiation of Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells and Regulating Lipid Metabolism(22KJA360004)+3 种基金Jiangsu Graduate Practice Innovation Program:A Study on the Mechanism of Xiaofeng Xuanqiao Decoction in Treating Pediatric Rhinitis based on Interleukin-33/Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2(SJCX23_0803)Wuxi Health Commission Scientific Research Project:Observation on the Efficacy of Xiaofeng Xuanqiao Decoction in Treating Pediatric Rhinitis(WindPhlegm Obstructing Orifices Syndrome)and Its Influence on Serum IgE and Related Inflammatory Cytokine Levels(M202035)Project of High-level Construction of Key Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)Disciplines,China:Research on Tic Disorders from the Perspective of the Five Viscera Syndrome Treatment(NZYEK004)Project of Highlevel Construction of Key TCM Disciplines,China:Research on the Mechanism of Xiaofeng Xuanqiao Decoction in Treating Allergic Rhinitis based on the Interleukin-33/ST2 Axis(NZYEK006)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic effects of Jinxin oral liquid(金欣口服液,JX)on influenza A virus(H1N1)influenza virus infected mice.METHODS:We established a model of by intranasally infecting the mice with H1N1 virus.The mice were then orally administered JX or ribavirin to evaluate their therapeutic effects in vivo.We conducted histologic and immunohistochemical analyses,enzyme linked immunosorbent assay or quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to assess lung damage and the expression of inflammatory cytokines.Western blot(WB)experiments was conducted to measure the activation of NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)pathway.Flow cytometry was employed to quantify the populations of alveolar macrophages(AMs).To block the NLRP3 pathway,mice were treated with MCC950.For AMs depletion,mice were intranasally administered a single dose of clodronate liposome.RESULTS:Administration of JX demonstrated a protective effect against H1N1-induced lung pathology by reducing lung injury,suppressing lung inflammation,and decreasing viral titer.JX significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines,such as interleukin(IL)-1βand tumor necrosis factor-ɑ,in H1N1-infected mice.JX inhibits the activation of NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)/apoptosis-associated specklike protein containing a caspase recruitment domain/caspase 1 pathway in the lungs and AMs of H1N1-infected mice.The inhibitory effect of JX on IL-1βsecretion was mediated by blocking the NLRP3 pathway activation in AMs.CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggest that JX holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for suppressing the aggressive pro-inflammatory response induced by H1N1 infection.Further research and development are warranted to explore the full potential of JX in the prevention and treatment of H1N1 infection。
文摘Introduction: Influenza A (Flu A) and B (Flu B) viruses are responsible for severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) worldwide, with a morbidity of 5 million and mortality of 29,000 - 650,000 deaths per year. Influenza B viruses are an important cause of respiratory infections in humans, but they tend to be underappreciated due to the predominance of Influenza A. No molecular study on Influenza B has been carried out in the DRC. This study was conducted to document the molecular evolution of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene in the circulating Influenza B strains over the eight consecutive epidemic seasons (from 2015 to 2022). Methods: Samples were collected from outpatient cases suspected of influenza-like illness (ILI) and in all hospitalized patients with SARI from January 2015 to December 2022. Molecular analysis was done to determine influenza type and subtype, and then segments encoding the HA gene of Influenza B viruses were performed. Results: Of 8497 samples collected and tested, 639 (7.5%) were positive for influenza viruses, including 389 (60.8%) for Influenza A viruses and 248 (38,8%) for Influenza B viruses. Of the positive Influenza B samples, 91 were sequenced, including 26 belonging to the B/Yamagata lineage and 65 to the B/Victoria lineage. The HA gene of Influenza B viruses circulating in the DRC showed deletions in the HA1 region. Molecular analysis of Influenza B viruses reflects the genetic diversity of Influenza B/Yam virus clades (Y2, Y3, Y3V1A) alternating with Influenza B/Victoria virus clades (V1A, V1A.3) depending on the year and influenza seasons. The phylogenetic analysis of these Influenza B strains shows compatibility with the corresponding vaccine strains that the WHO had validated for each influenza season. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of continuous molecular surveillance of Influenza B viruses in the DRC to understand their epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics. Identifying mutations, such as HA deletions, is critical for assessing their impact on transmissibility vaccine efficacy and guiding effective vaccination and control strategies.
基金supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072191)Special Funds for Guiding Local Scientific and Technological Development by the Central Government(Guike ZY22096025)。
文摘Probiotics show anti-influenza activity,offering a potential variant-resistant alternative for infection prevention and control.In this study,we evaluated whether a specially formulated yogurt enriched with synbiotics(named yogurt 1)with 7 probiotics and 6 prebiotics,has anti-influenza effects and its underlying mechanisms using a mouse model challenged with influenza virus H1N1 PR8 strain.The mice were treated with phosphate-buffered saline(negative control),yogurt matrix,yogurt 1,and oseltamivir(positive control),respectively.Yogurt 1 treatment improved the survival of infected mice(from 0%to 30%),alleviated pathological injuries in the lungs and colon,and reduced the viral load of influenza virus on day 3 and day 7 post-infection.Yogurt 1 also downregulated some inflammation-related signaling pathways and reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines or chemokines in the lungs or serum,including interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and keratinocyte chemoattractant(KC).The levels of short-chain fatty acids in the cecal content were increased,the diversity of the intestinal flora was partially restored,and influenza-specific Ig G and interferon-secreting lymphocytes were enhanced following yogurt 1 administration.Thus,yogurt 1,as a commercial and easily accessible dairy product,demonstrated a notable anti-influenza effect in mice by inhibiting viral proliferation,suppressing excessive inflammatory responses,and promoting influenza virus-specific adaptive humoral and cellular immune responses,demonstrating its potential for influenza epidemic prevention and control.
基金supported by the Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang(No.2022R01002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82272300 and 82102893)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.226-2024-00062),China.
文摘Immunomodulatory cancer therapy is witnessing the rise of viral immunotherapy.The oncolytic influenza A virus,although promising in preclinical investigations,remains to be implemented in clinical practice.Recent progress in genetic engineering,coupled with experiential insights,offers opportunities to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the influenza A virus.This review explores the use of the influenza virus,its attenuated forms,and associated vaccines in cancer immunotherapy,highlighting their respective advantages and challenges.We further elucidate methods for engineering influenza viruses and innovative approaches to augment them with cytokines or immune checkpoint inhibitors,aiming to maximize their clinical impact.Our goal is to provide insights essential for refining influenza A virus-based viral tumor immunotherapies.
基金supported by a Grant-inAid for Scientific Research(KAKENHI)from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(grant no.22J23183)。
文摘Climate change is a pressing global environmental issue^([1]).The gradual rise in global surface temperature is the most immediate and direct among its public health impacts.Influenza,the leading cause of human respiratory viral infections,remains a substantial public health concern owing to its considerable disease burden,particularly in highrisk groups.Mounting epidemiological evidence has linked influenza to extreme heat and cold weather^([2–4]).
基金supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Minderoo Foundation
文摘Predicting cross-immunity between viral strains is vital for public health surveillance and vaccine development.Traditional neural network methods,such as BiLSTM,could be ineffective due to the lack of lab data for model training and the overshadowing of crucial features within sequence concatenation.The current work proposes a less data-consuming model incorporating a pre-trained gene sequence model and a mutual information inference operator.Our methodology utilizes gene alignment and deduplication algorithms to preprocess gene sequences,enhancing the model’s capacity to discern and focus on distinctions among input gene pairs.The model,i.e.,DNA Pretrained Cross-Immunity Protection Inference model(DPCIPI),outperforms state-of-theart(SOTA)models in predicting hemagglutination inhibition titer from influenza viral gene sequences only.Improvement in binary cross-immunity prediction is 1.58%in F1,2.34%in precision,1.57%in recall,and 1.57%in Accuracy.For multilevel cross-immunity improvements,the improvement is 2.12%in F1,3.50%in precision,2.19%in recall,and 2.19%in Accuracy.Our study showcases the potential of pre-trained gene models to improve predictions of antigenic variation and cross-immunity.With expanding gene data and advancements in pre-trained models,this approach promises significant impacts on vaccine development and public health.
文摘Dear Editor,The circulation of respiratory viruses,primarily the influenza virus,has been disrupted by the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and SARS-CoV-2.Epidemiological surveillance data during the COVID-19 pandemic indicate a decline in the circulation of the influenza B Yamagata lineage in recent periods,suggesting a dynamic shift in the epidemiology of influenza B viruses(IBVs).
文摘Avian influenza viruses(AIVs)represent an ongoing threat to global health due to their capacity for genetic evolution,zoonotic transmission,and pandemic emergence.This review highlights recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying AIV infection,including viral immune evasion strategies and host-virus interactions.It discusses recent outbreaks involving reassortant strains such as H5N1 and H9N2,and examines their public health co-nsequences.Advancements in antiviral therapy,including resistance patterns,and the development of next-generation vaccines such as messenger RNA and universal influenza vaccines are reviewed.The integration of genomic surveillance,artificial intelligence-driven prediction,and One Health approaches is emphasized as essential for pandemic preparedness.This comprehensive overview aims to provide researchers and policymakers with actionable insights for controlling the evolving threat of avian influenza.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea,funded by the Ministry of Education(RS-2024-00460379).
文摘Objective Despite the global decrease in influenza infections during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,seasonal influenza remains a significant health issue.South Korea,known for its robust pandemic response and high influenza vaccination rates,offers a unique context for examining changes in vaccination trends during the pandemic.Using nationally representative data,we aimed to understand the impact of the pandemic on influenza vaccination behavior over a 12-year period and to identify vulnerable groups.Methods We analyzed influenza vaccination rates in South Korea between 2011-2022,focusing on pandemic-related impacts.The data of 2,426,139 adults(≥19 years)from the Korea Community Health Survey were used to assess demographic and sociological factors influencing vaccination behaviors.Results We observed an increase in influenza vaccination rates during the pre-COVID-19 period from 2011-2013(weighted prevalence:46.68%[95%confidence interval(CI):46.55-46.82])to 2017-2019(weighted prevalence:52.50%[95%CI:52.38-52.63]).However,a significant decline was observed in 2022,the late-COVID-19 pandemic period(weighted prevalence:55.78%[95%CI:55.56-56.01]),compared with the mid-pandemic period in 2021(weighted prevalence:59.12%[95%CI:58.91-59.32]),particularly among populations traditionally prioritized for influenza vaccination,including older adults(≥65 years)and patients with chronic diseases and low educational and income levels.Conclusion The influenza vaccination rate in South Korea was significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic,showing a notable decrease among vulnerable demographic groups.This suggests the need for targeted public health strategies to address vaccine hesitancy and improve vaccination rates,particularly among high-risk populations.
