Measuring global trade in line with the principle of 'the country of origin' fails to reflect the complexities of global commerce where the design, manufacturing and assembly of products involve several countr...Measuring global trade in line with the principle of 'the country of origin' fails to reflect the complexities of global commerce where the design, manufacturing and assembly of products involve several countries,展开更多
Continuously increasing inflation is a major challenge in presenting reliable and relevant financial reports,especially in developing countries like Indonesia.This study aims to analyze the role of inflation accountin...Continuously increasing inflation is a major challenge in presenting reliable and relevant financial reports,especially in developing countries like Indonesia.This study aims to analyze the role of inflation accounting in increasing the reliability of financial reports during times of high inflation.With a qualitative-descriptive approach,this research examines two main methods in inflation accounting,namely General Price Level Accounting(GPLA)and Current Cost Accounting(CCA),and their impact on the value of assets,liabilities,income,and costs.The analysis results show that historical cost-based financial reports do not reflect actual economic conditions during inflation,so they can be misleading in decision making.The application of inflation accounting,through adjustments to purchasing power and current prices,has been proven to be able to increase the relevance and reliability of financial information.However,limitations in implementation in Indonesia are due to the lack of regulations and practical understanding regarding this method.Therefore,the application of inflation accounting is important in supporting the quality of financial reports and more accurate decision making amidst economic instability.展开更多
In the Turkish Economy,there were radical changes in the structure of the economy with the policies of opening up to the outside world and transition to a free market economy in the 1980s,and the last step of this ope...In the Turkish Economy,there were radical changes in the structure of the economy with the policies of opening up to the outside world and transition to a free market economy in the 1980s,and the last step of this opening up and liberalization process was realized with the decision number 32 in 1989.We can say that with the liberalization of capital movements in the 1990s,economic growth and development were tried to be achieved through hot money inflows rather than direct foreign investments.This trend made the economy more open to crises,and for the first time,a crisis occurred in the form of the 1994 economic crisis,which was understood to be caused by hot money.The same economic structure experienced a financial and economic crisis caused by hot money again in November 2000 and February 2001.While the crisis was overcome with the stand-by agreement made with the IMF(International Monetary Fund)and the announced Transition to a Strong Economy program,the economy started to grow rapidly with the ease of using foreign resources,and political stability seems to have enabled this economic growth process to continue uninterruptedly except 2009.There was also a decrease in inflation rates.The same economic structure continued in the period between 2010 and 2020,and the financing need of economic growth was met by outsourcing.However,this process was different from the previous decade and there was no economic and financial crisis other than the sudden increase in exchange rates in 2018.We can say that the sudden exchange rate increase in 2018 was perceived as a harbinger of possible exchange rate shocks in the following years.展开更多
In the first half of 2025,the global textile machinery market continued to face significant headwinds,including economic slowdown,persistent inflation,and dampened consumer sentiment.According to Dr.Harald Weber,Manag...In the first half of 2025,the global textile machinery market continued to face significant headwinds,including economic slowdown,persistent inflation,and dampened consumer sentiment.According to Dr.Harald Weber,Managing Director of the VDMA Textile Machinery Association,German exports of textile machinery and accessories saw a yearon-year decrease of approximately 9%between January and May.This trend was not unique to Germany,as exports from all European countries also declined amid ongoing geopolitical tensions and unpredictable trade policies.Despite these challenges,the incoming orders are bottoming out,potentially signaling the beginning of an industry recovery.However,the protectionist policies have contributed to a cautious investment climate worldwide.And the protectionism is not limited to the U.S.,with subsidies and other unfair advantages for domestic companies distorting competition in multiple regions.Now,trade barriers are the most pressing challenge for the global textile industry,urging manufacturers to reduce strategic dependencies to mitigate risks.展开更多
The inflation tests of rubbery membranes have been widely employed as an efficient method to characterize the stress response as biaxial loading states.However,most of the previous theoretical works have employed clas...The inflation tests of rubbery membranes have been widely employed as an efficient method to characterize the stress response as biaxial loading states.However,most of the previous theoretical works have employed classic hyperelastic models to analyze the deformation behaviors of inflated membranes.The classic models have been demonstrated to lack the ability to capturing the biaxial deformation of rubbers.To address this issue,we have combined the analytical method and the finite element simulation to investigate the deformation response of soft membranes with different constitutive relationships.For the analytical method,the governing ordinary differential equations have been set up for the boundary value problem of inflation tests and further solved using the shooting method.The analytical results are consistent with those obtained from finite element simulation.The results show that the deformation belongs to the unequal biaxial condition rather than the equi-biaxial state unless a neo-Hookean model is adopted.We also perform a parameter study using the extended eight-chain model,which shows that a change in different parameters affects the mechanical response of inflation tests variously.This work may shed light on the future experimental characterization of soft materials using inflation experiments.展开更多
Inflatable deployable structures inspired by origami have significant applications in space missions such as solar arrays and antennas.In this paper,a generalized Miura-ori tubular cell(GMTC)is presented as the basic ...Inflatable deployable structures inspired by origami have significant applications in space missions such as solar arrays and antennas.In this paper,a generalized Miura-ori tubular cell(GMTC)is presented as the basic cell to design a family of inflatable origami tubular structures with the targeted configuration.First,the classification of rigid foldable degree-4 vertices is studied thoroughly.Since the proposed GMTC is comprised of forming units(FU)and linking units(LU),types of FUs and LUs are investigated based on the classification of degree-4 vertices,respectively.The rigid foldability of the GMTC is presented by studying the kinematics of the FUs and LUs.Volume of the GMTC is analyzed to investigate multistable configurations of the basic cell.The variations in volume of the GMTC offer great potential for developing the inflatable tubular structure.Design method and parametric optimization of the tubular structure with targeted configuration are proposed.The feasibility of the approach is validated by the approximation of four different cases,namely parabolic,semicircular,trapezoidal,and straight-arc hybrid tubular structures.展开更多
The use of water resources for energy generation has become increasingly prevalent,encompassing the conversion of kinetic energy from streams,tides,and waves into renewable electrical power.Water energy sources offer ...The use of water resources for energy generation has become increasingly prevalent,encompassing the conversion of kinetic energy from streams,tides,and waves into renewable electrical power.Water energy sources offer numerous benefits,including widespread availability,stability,and the absence of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions,making them a clean and environmentally friendly form of energy.In this work,we develop a droplet-based liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator(LS-TENG)using sophisticatedly designed inflatable columnar structures with inner and outer dual-electrodes.This device can be utilized to harvest both the internal droplet-rolling mechanical energy and the external droplet-falling mechanical energy,capable of being assembled into various structures for versatile applications.The design incorporates a combined structure of both internal and external TENG to optimize output performance via multiple energy harvesting strategies.The internal structure features a dual-electrode columnar-shaped LS-TENG,designed to harvest fluid kinetic energy from water droplets.By leveraging the back-and-forth motion of a small amount of water within the air column,mechanical energy can be readily collected,achieving a maximum mass power density of 9.02 W·Kg^(−1)and an energy conversion efficiency of 10.358%.The external component is a droplet-based LS-TENG,which utilizes a double-layer capacitor switch effect elucidated with an equivalent circuit model.Remarkably,without the need for pre-charging,a single droplet can generate over 140 V of high voltage,achieving a maximum power density of 7.35 W·m^(−2)and an energy conversion efficiency of 22.058%.The combined LS-TENG with a sophisticated inflatable columnar structure can simultaneously collect multiple types of energy with high efficacy,exhibiting great significance in potential applications such as TENG aeration rollers,inflatable lifejacket,wind energy harvesting,TENG tents,and green houses.展开更多
Inflatable penile prosthesis(IPP)implantation is the gold standard treatment for patients with erectile dysfunction who are refractory to medical therapy.The standard placement of the reservoir in the space of Retzius...Inflatable penile prosthesis(IPP)implantation is the gold standard treatment for patients with erectile dysfunction who are refractory to medical therapy.The standard placement of the reservoir in the space of Retzius(SOR)may be contraindicated in patients with prior pelvic or abdominal surgery due to altered anatomy and increased risk of complications.This has led to the development of alternative ectopic reservoir placement techniques.In this narrative review,we summarize the literature on various ectopic reservoir approaches,including low and high submuscular placements,submuscular techniques with counter incisions or transfascial fixation,midline submuscular placement,subcutaneous placement,and lateral retroperitoneal approaches.We describe the surgical methods,outcomes,and complication rates associated with each technique.While most methods demonstrate low complication and revision rates,direct comparisons remain limited due to heterogeneity and lack of prospective data.This review highlights the importance of individualized technique selection based on prior surgical history,body habitus,and surgeon experience.As ectopic placement becomes more widely adopted,familiarity with multiple approaches is essential for prosthetic surgeons.展开更多
The Darjeeling Himalayan region,characterized by its complex topography and vulnerability to multiple environmental hazards,faces significant challenges including landslides,earthquakes,flash floods,and soil loss that...The Darjeeling Himalayan region,characterized by its complex topography and vulnerability to multiple environmental hazards,faces significant challenges including landslides,earthquakes,flash floods,and soil loss that critically threaten ecosystem stability.Among these challenges,soil erosion emerges as a silent disaster-a gradual yet relentless process whose impacts accumulate over time,progressively degrading landscape integrity and disrupting ecological sustainability.Unlike catastrophic events with immediate visibility,soil erosion’s most devastating consequences often manifest decades later through diminished agricultural productivity,habitat fragmentation,and irreversible biodiversity loss.This study developed a scalable predictive framework employing Random Forest(RF)and Gradient Boosting Tree(GBT)machine learning models to assess and map soil erosion susceptibility across the region.A comprehensive geo-database was developed incorporating 11 erosion triggering factors:slope,elevation,rainfall,drainage density,topographic wetness index,normalized difference vegetation index,curvature,soil texture,land use,geology,and aspect.A total of 2,483 historical soil erosion locations were identified and randomly divided into two sets:70%for model building and 30%for validation purposes.The models revealed distinct spatial patterns of erosion risks,with GBT classifying 60.50%of the area as very low susceptibility,while RF identified 28.92%in this category.Notable differences emerged in high-risk zone identification,with GBT highlighting 7.42%and RF indicating 2.21%as very high erosion susceptibility areas.Both models demonstrated robust predictive capabilities,with GBT achieving 80.77%accuracy and 0.975 AUC,slightly outperforming RF’s 79.67%accuracy and 0.972 AUC.Analysis of predictor variables identified elevation,slope,rainfall and NDVI as the primary factors influencing erosion susceptibility,highlighting the complex interrelationship between geo-environmental factors and erosion processes.This research offers a strategic framework for targeted conservation and sustainable land management in the fragile Himalayan region,providing valuable insights to help policymakers implement effective soil erosion mitigation strategies and support long-term environmental sustainability.展开更多
Arabic Sign Language(ArSL)recognition plays a vital role in enhancing the communication for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing(DHH)community.Researchers have proposed multiple methods for automated recognition of ArSL;howev...Arabic Sign Language(ArSL)recognition plays a vital role in enhancing the communication for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing(DHH)community.Researchers have proposed multiple methods for automated recognition of ArSL;however,these methods face multiple challenges that include high gesture variability,occlusions,limited signer diversity,and the scarcity of large annotated datasets.Existing methods,often relying solely on either skeletal data or video-based features,struggle with generalization and robustness,especially in dynamic and real-world conditions.This paper proposes a novel multimodal ensemble classification framework that integrates geometric features derived from 3D skeletal joint distances and angles with temporal features extracted from RGB videos using the Inflated 3D ConvNet(I3D).By fusing these complementary modalities at the feature level and applying a majority-voting ensemble of XGBoost,Random Forest,and Support Vector Machine classifiers,the framework robustly captures both spatial configurations and motion dynamics of sign gestures.Feature selection using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient further enhances efficiency by reducing redundancy.Extensive experiments on the ArabSign dataset,which includes RGB videos and corresponding skeletal data,demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods,achieving an average F1-score of 97%using a majority-voting ensemble of XGBoost,Random Forest,and SVM classifiers,and improving recognition accuracy by more than 7%over previous best methods.This work not only advances the technical stateof-the-art in ArSL recognition but also provides a scalable,real-time solution for practical deployment in educational,social,and assistive communication technologies.Even though this study is about Arabic Sign Language,the framework proposed here can be extended to different sign languages,creating possibilities for potentially worldwide applicability in sign language recognition tasks.展开更多
A computational framework for parachute inflation is developed based on the immersed boundary/finite element approach within the open-source IBAMR library.The fluid motion is solved by Peskin's diffuse-interface i...A computational framework for parachute inflation is developed based on the immersed boundary/finite element approach within the open-source IBAMR library.The fluid motion is solved by Peskin's diffuse-interface immersed boundary(IB)method,which is attractive for simulating moving-boundary flows with large deformations.The adaptive mesh refinement technique is employed to reduce the computational cost while retain the desired resolution.The dynamic response of the parachute is solved with the finite element approach.The canopy and cables of the parachute system are modeled with the hyperelastic material.A tether force is introduced to impose rigidity constraints for the parachute system.The accuracy and reliability of the present framework is validated by simulating inflation of a constrained square plate.Application of the present framework on several canonical cases further demonstrates its versatility for simulation of parachute inflation.展开更多
In the Turkish Economy,there were radical changes in the structure of the economy with the policies of opening up to the outside world and transition to a free market economy in the 1980s,and the last step of this ope...In the Turkish Economy,there were radical changes in the structure of the economy with the policies of opening up to the outside world and transition to a free market economy in the 1980s,and the last step of this opening up and liberalization process was realized with the decision number 32 in 1989.We can say that with the liberalization of capital movements in the 1990s,economic growth and development were tried to be achieved through hot money inflows rather than direct foreign investments.This trend made the economy more open to crises,and for the first time,a crisis occurred in the form of the 1994 economic crisis,which was understood to be caused by hot money.The same economic structure experienced a financial and economic crisis caused by hot money again in November 2000 and February 2001.While the crisis was overcome with the stand-by agreement made with the IMF(International Monetary Fund)and the announced Transition to a Strong Economy program,the economy started to grow rapidly with the ease of using foreign resources,and political stability seems to have enabled this economic growth process to continue uninterruptedly except 2009.There was also a decrease in inflation rates.The same economic structure continued in the period between 2010 and 2020,and the financing need of economic growth was met by outsourcing.However,this process was different from the previous decade and there was no economic and financial crisis other than the sudden increase in exchange rates in 2018.We can say that the sudden exchange rate increase in 2018 was perceived as a harbinger of possible exchange rate shocks in the following years.展开更多
We investigate the constant-roll inflation with non-minimally kinetic coupling to the Einstein tensor.With the slow-roll parameterηφ=-φ/(Hφ)being a constant,we calculate the power spectra for scalar and tensor per...We investigate the constant-roll inflation with non-minimally kinetic coupling to the Einstein tensor.With the slow-roll parameterηφ=-φ/(Hφ)being a constant,we calculate the power spectra for scalar and tensor perturbations,and derive the expressions for the scalar spectral tilt n_(s),the tensor spectral tilt n_(T),and the tensor-to-scalar ratio r.We find that the expressions for n_(s)are different with different ordering of taking the derivative of the scalar power spectrum with respect to the scale k and the horizon crossing condition c_(sk)=a H in the constant-roll inflation,the consistency relation r=-8n_(T)does not hold if|η_(φ)|is not small,and the duality of the tensorto-scalar ratio between the slow-roll inflation and ultra-slow-roll inflation does not exist in inflationary models with non-minimally derivative coupling.The result offers a fresh perspective on the understanding of the inflationary models with non-minimally derivative coupling and is helpful for the production of scalar induced gravitational waves in the framework of ultra-slowroll inflation with non-minimally derivative coupling.展开更多
The recent stochastic signal observed jointly by NANOGrav,parkes pulsar timing array,European pulsar timing array,and Chinese pulsar timing array can be accounted for by scalarinduced gravitational waves(SIGWs).The so...The recent stochastic signal observed jointly by NANOGrav,parkes pulsar timing array,European pulsar timing array,and Chinese pulsar timing array can be accounted for by scalarinduced gravitational waves(SIGWs).The source of the SIGWs is from the primordial curvature perturbations,and the main contribution to the SIGWs is from the peak of the primordial curvature power spectrum.To effectively model this peak,we apply the Taylor expansion to parameterize it.With the Taylor expansion parameterization,we apply Bayesian methods to constrain the primordial curvature power spectrum based on the NANOGrav 15 year data set.The constraint on the primordial curvature power spectrum possesses a degree of generality,as the Taylor expansion can effectively approximate a wide range of function profiles.展开更多
Recently,observational hints for supermassive black holes have been accumulating,prompting the question:Can primordial black holes(PBHs)be supermassive,particularly with masses M■10^(9)M_(⊙)?A supercritical bubble,c...Recently,observational hints for supermassive black holes have been accumulating,prompting the question:Can primordial black holes(PBHs)be supermassive,particularly with masses M■10^(9)M_(⊙)?A supercritical bubble,containing an inflating baby universe,that nucleated during inflation can evolve into a PBH in our observable universe.We find that when the inflaton slowly transitions past a neighboring vacuum,the nucleation rate of supercritical bubbles inevitably peaks,leading to a mass distribution of multiverse PBHs with a peak mass up to M■10^(11)M_(⊙).Thus,our mechanism naturally provides a primordial origin for supermassive black holes.展开更多
Historically,geopolitical risk(GPR)has posed significant challenges to international economic,social,and political frameworks.This study investigated how internal GPR in the selected five Southeast Asian countries(Ind...Historically,geopolitical risk(GPR)has posed significant challenges to international economic,social,and political frameworks.This study investigated how internal GPR in the selected five Southeast Asian countries(Indonesia,South Korea,Malaysia,the Philippines,and Thailand)influences foreign direct investment(FDI)during 1996-2019.The stationarity of the data was assessed using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller(ADF)unit root test,which shows that the data became stationary after the first difference.The Kao,Pedroni,and Westerlund cointegration tests were employed to examine long-term cointegration among the selected variables(FDI,GPR index(GPRI),gross domestic product(GDP),inflation,interest rate,and trade openness(TOP)).The results indicated that these variables have a long-term cointegration.Consequently,regression analysis using the Pooled Ordinary Least Squares(OLS)regression,fixed effect,random effect,Arellano-Bond dynamic panel-data estimation,and system generalized moment method(GMM)revealed that GPRI and TOP negatively impacted FDI in the selected five Southeast Asian countries.At the same time,GDP,inflation,and interest rate positively influenced FDI in these countries.Because FDI is crucial to shaping a country’s macroeconomic structure,this study recommends that governments and central banks of the selected five Southeast Asian countries should implement policies and strategies to encourage foreign investments.展开更多
In the Turkish Economy,with the policies of opening up to the outside world and transition to a free market economy in the 1980s,there have been radical changes in the structure of the economy and the prices of all go...In the Turkish Economy,with the policies of opening up to the outside world and transition to a free market economy in the 1980s,there have been radical changes in the structure of the economy and the prices of all goods and services have begun to be determined by the market under market conditions.In the 1980s,which can be called the transition process to a free market economy and open economy,on the one hand,efforts were made to privatize state institutions in order to withdraw the state from economic life and to ensure that the prices of goods and services were determined under free market conditions,while on the other hand,efforts were made to grant freedom to foreign trade.While these two main issues were being realized,the import substitution industrialization strategy was abandoned and an export-based growth model was started to be implemented.The last step of this opening up and liberalization process was realized with the decision numbered 32 in 1989.With the liberalization of capital movements in the 1990s,we can say that economic growth and development was attempted to be achieved through hot money inflows rather than direct foreign investments.This orientation made the economy more vulnerable to crises,and for the first time,a crisis occurred in the form of the 1994 economic crisis,which was understood to be caused by hot money.The 1994 economic crisis was attempted to be overcome by providing state guarantees for bank deposits and applying high interest rates.Thus,it is noteworthy that high inflation was experienced in the period leading up to the 2001 economic crisis.Indeed,while the increase in the wholesale price index rarely remained below 30%on an annual basis between 1980 and 1990,increases of 50%and 60%began to be seen.However,the period between 1990 and 2000 was a period in which higher inflation rates were encountered.As a result of the environment created in the 1990s,we can say that the financial crisis experienced in 2001 deepened into an economic crisis and that this crisis had economic and political effects.Although there have been many economic crises in the history of the Republic,this crisis is considered to be the most deeply effective.While the crisis was overcome with the stand-by agreement made by the IMF and the announced Transition to a Strong Economy program,the economy began to grow rapidly with the ease of use of foreign resources,and the existence of political stability seems to have ensured that this economic growth process continued uninterruptedly except for 2009.A decrease was also experienced in inflation rates.After 2015,inflation rates began to rise again,and although negative economic growth rates were experienced between the 3rd quarter of 2018 and the 3rd quarter of 2019 during the exchange rate shock period in 2018,we can say that this was not effective enough to turn annual average growth rates into negatives.The exchange rate shock experienced in November 2021 both caused changes in economic policies and the adoption of new policies,and seems to have led to an economic crisis wave caused by the large increase in inflation rates.Within this framework,a post-Keynesian policy of combating inflation has been implemented,and with the new economic policies announced in June 2023,the Central Bank has gradually increased policy interest rates and started to implement tight monetary policy in cooperation with the Ministry of Treasury and Finance,and we can say that a new phase has been entered in the post-Keynesian policy of combating inflation.However,in our opinion,it is necessary to determine well where inflation originates from and what ensures its continuation.In this context,Turkey’s inflation problem will be analyzed by utilizing the views of post-Keynesians on inflation and the profit-push inflation approach.展开更多
The Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric is an exact solution of the Einstein field equations and it describes a homogeneous, isotropic and expanding universe. The FLRW metric and the Friedmann equat...The Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric is an exact solution of the Einstein field equations and it describes a homogeneous, isotropic and expanding universe. The FLRW metric and the Friedmann equations form the basis of the ΛCDM model. In this article, a metric which is based on the FLRW metric and that includes a space scale factor and a newly introduced time scale factor T(t)is elaborated. The assumption is that the expansion or contraction of the dimensions of space and time in a homogeneous and isotropic universe depend on the energy density. The Christoffel symbols, Ricci tensor and Ricci scalar are derived. By evaluating the results using Einstein’s field equations and the energy momentum tensor, a hypothetical modified cosmological model is obtained. This theoretical model provides for a cosmic inflation, the accelerated expansion of spacetime as well avoids the flatness and fine-tuning problems.展开更多
Hollow tubular tissues and organs of our body have various functions: gastrointestinal (esophagus), respiratory (trachea), and vascular (veins, arteries). A panel of pathologies is associated with each of these tissue...Hollow tubular tissues and organs of our body have various functions: gastrointestinal (esophagus), respiratory (trachea), and vascular (veins, arteries). A panel of pathologies is associated with each of these tissues and therapeutic interventions, surgery or replacement may be necessary. A precise knowledge of the mechanical properties of these tissues is thus required in order to understand their functioning in native conditions, to be able to elaborate some prostheses, or to design appropriate surgical training tools. These tissues may undergo expansions or contractions (peristalsis) and are exposed to internal pressures. The wall of tubular organs is organized in different layers, and each layer consists of various cell types and extra-cellular matrix, depending on the physiological functions that the organ has to fulfil. This yields anisotropic and compliant structures. In inflation experiments, the linear elasticity approach is acceptable as long as the organ’s inflation remains moderate. In this paper, elasticity laws are revisited and supplemented in order to show that, coupled with modern experimental characterization tools, they provide useful information (compliances, directional Young moduli, Poisson ratios) for the design of artificial tubular organs. The importance of a precise determination of the wall thickness and its evolution during inflation is pointed out.展开更多
文摘Measuring global trade in line with the principle of 'the country of origin' fails to reflect the complexities of global commerce where the design, manufacturing and assembly of products involve several countries,
文摘Continuously increasing inflation is a major challenge in presenting reliable and relevant financial reports,especially in developing countries like Indonesia.This study aims to analyze the role of inflation accounting in increasing the reliability of financial reports during times of high inflation.With a qualitative-descriptive approach,this research examines two main methods in inflation accounting,namely General Price Level Accounting(GPLA)and Current Cost Accounting(CCA),and their impact on the value of assets,liabilities,income,and costs.The analysis results show that historical cost-based financial reports do not reflect actual economic conditions during inflation,so they can be misleading in decision making.The application of inflation accounting,through adjustments to purchasing power and current prices,has been proven to be able to increase the relevance and reliability of financial information.However,limitations in implementation in Indonesia are due to the lack of regulations and practical understanding regarding this method.Therefore,the application of inflation accounting is important in supporting the quality of financial reports and more accurate decision making amidst economic instability.
文摘In the Turkish Economy,there were radical changes in the structure of the economy with the policies of opening up to the outside world and transition to a free market economy in the 1980s,and the last step of this opening up and liberalization process was realized with the decision number 32 in 1989.We can say that with the liberalization of capital movements in the 1990s,economic growth and development were tried to be achieved through hot money inflows rather than direct foreign investments.This trend made the economy more open to crises,and for the first time,a crisis occurred in the form of the 1994 economic crisis,which was understood to be caused by hot money.The same economic structure experienced a financial and economic crisis caused by hot money again in November 2000 and February 2001.While the crisis was overcome with the stand-by agreement made with the IMF(International Monetary Fund)and the announced Transition to a Strong Economy program,the economy started to grow rapidly with the ease of using foreign resources,and political stability seems to have enabled this economic growth process to continue uninterruptedly except 2009.There was also a decrease in inflation rates.The same economic structure continued in the period between 2010 and 2020,and the financing need of economic growth was met by outsourcing.However,this process was different from the previous decade and there was no economic and financial crisis other than the sudden increase in exchange rates in 2018.We can say that the sudden exchange rate increase in 2018 was perceived as a harbinger of possible exchange rate shocks in the following years.
文摘In the first half of 2025,the global textile machinery market continued to face significant headwinds,including economic slowdown,persistent inflation,and dampened consumer sentiment.According to Dr.Harald Weber,Managing Director of the VDMA Textile Machinery Association,German exports of textile machinery and accessories saw a yearon-year decrease of approximately 9%between January and May.This trend was not unique to Germany,as exports from all European countries also declined amid ongoing geopolitical tensions and unpredictable trade policies.Despite these challenges,the incoming orders are bottoming out,potentially signaling the beginning of an industry recovery.However,the protectionist policies have contributed to a cautious investment climate worldwide.And the protectionism is not limited to the U.S.,with subsidies and other unfair advantages for domestic companies distorting competition in multiple regions.Now,trade barriers are the most pressing challenge for the global textile industry,urging manufacturers to reduce strategic dependencies to mitigate risks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12211530061 and 12321002)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LD22A020001)the 111 Project(Grant No.B21034).
文摘The inflation tests of rubbery membranes have been widely employed as an efficient method to characterize the stress response as biaxial loading states.However,most of the previous theoretical works have employed classic hyperelastic models to analyze the deformation behaviors of inflated membranes.The classic models have been demonstrated to lack the ability to capturing the biaxial deformation of rubbers.To address this issue,we have combined the analytical method and the finite element simulation to investigate the deformation response of soft membranes with different constitutive relationships.For the analytical method,the governing ordinary differential equations have been set up for the boundary value problem of inflation tests and further solved using the shooting method.The analytical results are consistent with those obtained from finite element simulation.The results show that the deformation belongs to the unequal biaxial condition rather than the equi-biaxial state unless a neo-Hookean model is adopted.We also perform a parameter study using the extended eight-chain model,which shows that a change in different parameters affects the mechanical response of inflation tests variously.This work may shed light on the future experimental characterization of soft materials using inflation experiments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52222501,52075016,52192632)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.YWF-23-L-904).
文摘Inflatable deployable structures inspired by origami have significant applications in space missions such as solar arrays and antennas.In this paper,a generalized Miura-ori tubular cell(GMTC)is presented as the basic cell to design a family of inflatable origami tubular structures with the targeted configuration.First,the classification of rigid foldable degree-4 vertices is studied thoroughly.Since the proposed GMTC is comprised of forming units(FU)and linking units(LU),types of FUs and LUs are investigated based on the classification of degree-4 vertices,respectively.The rigid foldability of the GMTC is presented by studying the kinematics of the FUs and LUs.Volume of the GMTC is analyzed to investigate multistable configurations of the basic cell.The variations in volume of the GMTC offer great potential for developing the inflatable tubular structure.Design method and parametric optimization of the tubular structure with targeted configuration are proposed.The feasibility of the approach is validated by the approximation of four different cases,namely parabolic,semicircular,trapezoidal,and straight-arc hybrid tubular structures.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3208102,2021YFB3200304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52073031)+2 种基金Beijing Nova Program(Z211100002121148)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(E0EG6801X2)the‘Hundred Talents Program’of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘The use of water resources for energy generation has become increasingly prevalent,encompassing the conversion of kinetic energy from streams,tides,and waves into renewable electrical power.Water energy sources offer numerous benefits,including widespread availability,stability,and the absence of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions,making them a clean and environmentally friendly form of energy.In this work,we develop a droplet-based liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator(LS-TENG)using sophisticatedly designed inflatable columnar structures with inner and outer dual-electrodes.This device can be utilized to harvest both the internal droplet-rolling mechanical energy and the external droplet-falling mechanical energy,capable of being assembled into various structures for versatile applications.The design incorporates a combined structure of both internal and external TENG to optimize output performance via multiple energy harvesting strategies.The internal structure features a dual-electrode columnar-shaped LS-TENG,designed to harvest fluid kinetic energy from water droplets.By leveraging the back-and-forth motion of a small amount of water within the air column,mechanical energy can be readily collected,achieving a maximum mass power density of 9.02 W·Kg^(−1)and an energy conversion efficiency of 10.358%.The external component is a droplet-based LS-TENG,which utilizes a double-layer capacitor switch effect elucidated with an equivalent circuit model.Remarkably,without the need for pre-charging,a single droplet can generate over 140 V of high voltage,achieving a maximum power density of 7.35 W·m^(−2)and an energy conversion efficiency of 22.058%.The combined LS-TENG with a sophisticated inflatable columnar structure can simultaneously collect multiple types of energy with high efficacy,exhibiting great significance in potential applications such as TENG aeration rollers,inflatable lifejacket,wind energy harvesting,TENG tents,and green houses.
文摘Inflatable penile prosthesis(IPP)implantation is the gold standard treatment for patients with erectile dysfunction who are refractory to medical therapy.The standard placement of the reservoir in the space of Retzius(SOR)may be contraindicated in patients with prior pelvic or abdominal surgery due to altered anatomy and increased risk of complications.This has led to the development of alternative ectopic reservoir placement techniques.In this narrative review,we summarize the literature on various ectopic reservoir approaches,including low and high submuscular placements,submuscular techniques with counter incisions or transfascial fixation,midline submuscular placement,subcutaneous placement,and lateral retroperitoneal approaches.We describe the surgical methods,outcomes,and complication rates associated with each technique.While most methods demonstrate low complication and revision rates,direct comparisons remain limited due to heterogeneity and lack of prospective data.This review highlights the importance of individualized technique selection based on prior surgical history,body habitus,and surgeon experience.As ectopic placement becomes more widely adopted,familiarity with multiple approaches is essential for prosthetic surgeons.
文摘The Darjeeling Himalayan region,characterized by its complex topography and vulnerability to multiple environmental hazards,faces significant challenges including landslides,earthquakes,flash floods,and soil loss that critically threaten ecosystem stability.Among these challenges,soil erosion emerges as a silent disaster-a gradual yet relentless process whose impacts accumulate over time,progressively degrading landscape integrity and disrupting ecological sustainability.Unlike catastrophic events with immediate visibility,soil erosion’s most devastating consequences often manifest decades later through diminished agricultural productivity,habitat fragmentation,and irreversible biodiversity loss.This study developed a scalable predictive framework employing Random Forest(RF)and Gradient Boosting Tree(GBT)machine learning models to assess and map soil erosion susceptibility across the region.A comprehensive geo-database was developed incorporating 11 erosion triggering factors:slope,elevation,rainfall,drainage density,topographic wetness index,normalized difference vegetation index,curvature,soil texture,land use,geology,and aspect.A total of 2,483 historical soil erosion locations were identified and randomly divided into two sets:70%for model building and 30%for validation purposes.The models revealed distinct spatial patterns of erosion risks,with GBT classifying 60.50%of the area as very low susceptibility,while RF identified 28.92%in this category.Notable differences emerged in high-risk zone identification,with GBT highlighting 7.42%and RF indicating 2.21%as very high erosion susceptibility areas.Both models demonstrated robust predictive capabilities,with GBT achieving 80.77%accuracy and 0.975 AUC,slightly outperforming RF’s 79.67%accuracy and 0.972 AUC.Analysis of predictor variables identified elevation,slope,rainfall and NDVI as the primary factors influencing erosion susceptibility,highlighting the complex interrelationship between geo-environmental factors and erosion processes.This research offers a strategic framework for targeted conservation and sustainable land management in the fragile Himalayan region,providing valuable insights to help policymakers implement effective soil erosion mitigation strategies and support long-term environmental sustainability.
基金funding this work through Research Group No.KS-2024-376.
文摘Arabic Sign Language(ArSL)recognition plays a vital role in enhancing the communication for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing(DHH)community.Researchers have proposed multiple methods for automated recognition of ArSL;however,these methods face multiple challenges that include high gesture variability,occlusions,limited signer diversity,and the scarcity of large annotated datasets.Existing methods,often relying solely on either skeletal data or video-based features,struggle with generalization and robustness,especially in dynamic and real-world conditions.This paper proposes a novel multimodal ensemble classification framework that integrates geometric features derived from 3D skeletal joint distances and angles with temporal features extracted from RGB videos using the Inflated 3D ConvNet(I3D).By fusing these complementary modalities at the feature level and applying a majority-voting ensemble of XGBoost,Random Forest,and Support Vector Machine classifiers,the framework robustly captures both spatial configurations and motion dynamics of sign gestures.Feature selection using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient further enhances efficiency by reducing redundancy.Extensive experiments on the ArabSign dataset,which includes RGB videos and corresponding skeletal data,demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods,achieving an average F1-score of 97%using a majority-voting ensemble of XGBoost,Random Forest,and SVM classifiers,and improving recognition accuracy by more than 7%over previous best methods.This work not only advances the technical stateof-the-art in ArSL recognition but also provides a scalable,real-time solution for practical deployment in educational,social,and assistive communication technologies.Even though this study is about Arabic Sign Language,the framework proposed here can be extended to different sign languages,creating possibilities for potentially worldwide applicability in sign language recognition tasks.
基金supported by the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Aerospace EDLA,CASC(No.EDL19092208)。
文摘A computational framework for parachute inflation is developed based on the immersed boundary/finite element approach within the open-source IBAMR library.The fluid motion is solved by Peskin's diffuse-interface immersed boundary(IB)method,which is attractive for simulating moving-boundary flows with large deformations.The adaptive mesh refinement technique is employed to reduce the computational cost while retain the desired resolution.The dynamic response of the parachute is solved with the finite element approach.The canopy and cables of the parachute system are modeled with the hyperelastic material.A tether force is introduced to impose rigidity constraints for the parachute system.The accuracy and reliability of the present framework is validated by simulating inflation of a constrained square plate.Application of the present framework on several canonical cases further demonstrates its versatility for simulation of parachute inflation.
文摘In the Turkish Economy,there were radical changes in the structure of the economy with the policies of opening up to the outside world and transition to a free market economy in the 1980s,and the last step of this opening up and liberalization process was realized with the decision number 32 in 1989.We can say that with the liberalization of capital movements in the 1990s,economic growth and development were tried to be achieved through hot money inflows rather than direct foreign investments.This trend made the economy more open to crises,and for the first time,a crisis occurred in the form of the 1994 economic crisis,which was understood to be caused by hot money.The same economic structure experienced a financial and economic crisis caused by hot money again in November 2000 and February 2001.While the crisis was overcome with the stand-by agreement made with the IMF(International Monetary Fund)and the announced Transition to a Strong Economy program,the economy started to grow rapidly with the ease of using foreign resources,and political stability seems to have enabled this economic growth process to continue uninterruptedly except 2009.There was also a decrease in inflation rates.The same economic structure continued in the period between 2010 and 2020,and the financing need of economic growth was met by outsourcing.However,this process was different from the previous decade and there was no economic and financial crisis other than the sudden increase in exchange rates in 2018.We can say that the sudden exchange rate increase in 2018 was perceived as a harbinger of possible exchange rate shocks in the following years.
基金supported by the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.121MS033partially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2020YFC2201504supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.12205015。
文摘We investigate the constant-roll inflation with non-minimally kinetic coupling to the Einstein tensor.With the slow-roll parameterηφ=-φ/(Hφ)being a constant,we calculate the power spectra for scalar and tensor perturbations,and derive the expressions for the scalar spectral tilt n_(s),the tensor spectral tilt n_(T),and the tensor-to-scalar ratio r.We find that the expressions for n_(s)are different with different ordering of taking the derivative of the scalar power spectrum with respect to the scale k and the horizon crossing condition c_(sk)=a H in the constant-roll inflation,the consistency relation r=-8n_(T)does not hold if|η_(φ)|is not small,and the duality of the tensorto-scalar ratio between the slow-roll inflation and ultra-slow-roll inflation does not exist in inflationary models with non-minimally derivative coupling.The result offers a fresh perspective on the understanding of the inflationary models with non-minimally derivative coupling and is helpful for the production of scalar induced gravitational waves in the framework of ultra-slowroll inflation with non-minimally derivative coupling.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.12305060the Talent-Introduction Program of Hubei Polytechnic University under Grant No.19xjk25R。
文摘The recent stochastic signal observed jointly by NANOGrav,parkes pulsar timing array,European pulsar timing array,and Chinese pulsar timing array can be accounted for by scalarinduced gravitational waves(SIGWs).The source of the SIGWs is from the primordial curvature perturbations,and the main contribution to the SIGWs is from the peak of the primordial curvature power spectrum.To effectively model this peak,we apply the Taylor expansion to parameterize it.With the Taylor expansion parameterization,we apply Bayesian methods to constrain the primordial curvature power spectrum based on the NANOGrav 15 year data set.The constraint on the primordial curvature power spectrum possesses a degree of generality,as the Taylor expansion can effectively approximate a wide range of function profiles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,grant No.12075246)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities+5 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant No.E2EG6602X2 and grant No.E2ET0209X2)supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province and Zhengzhou University(grant Nos.242300420231,JC23149007,35220136)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant No.2021M692942)the NSFC(grant No.11905224)the NSFC(grant No,12147103)supported by the scientific research starting grants from University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant No.118900M061)。
文摘Recently,observational hints for supermassive black holes have been accumulating,prompting the question:Can primordial black holes(PBHs)be supermassive,particularly with masses M■10^(9)M_(⊙)?A supercritical bubble,containing an inflating baby universe,that nucleated during inflation can evolve into a PBH in our observable universe.We find that when the inflaton slowly transitions past a neighboring vacuum,the nucleation rate of supercritical bubbles inevitably peaks,leading to a mass distribution of multiverse PBHs with a peak mass up to M■10^(11)M_(⊙).Thus,our mechanism naturally provides a primordial origin for supermassive black holes.
文摘Historically,geopolitical risk(GPR)has posed significant challenges to international economic,social,and political frameworks.This study investigated how internal GPR in the selected five Southeast Asian countries(Indonesia,South Korea,Malaysia,the Philippines,and Thailand)influences foreign direct investment(FDI)during 1996-2019.The stationarity of the data was assessed using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller(ADF)unit root test,which shows that the data became stationary after the first difference.The Kao,Pedroni,and Westerlund cointegration tests were employed to examine long-term cointegration among the selected variables(FDI,GPR index(GPRI),gross domestic product(GDP),inflation,interest rate,and trade openness(TOP)).The results indicated that these variables have a long-term cointegration.Consequently,regression analysis using the Pooled Ordinary Least Squares(OLS)regression,fixed effect,random effect,Arellano-Bond dynamic panel-data estimation,and system generalized moment method(GMM)revealed that GPRI and TOP negatively impacted FDI in the selected five Southeast Asian countries.At the same time,GDP,inflation,and interest rate positively influenced FDI in these countries.Because FDI is crucial to shaping a country’s macroeconomic structure,this study recommends that governments and central banks of the selected five Southeast Asian countries should implement policies and strategies to encourage foreign investments.
文摘In the Turkish Economy,with the policies of opening up to the outside world and transition to a free market economy in the 1980s,there have been radical changes in the structure of the economy and the prices of all goods and services have begun to be determined by the market under market conditions.In the 1980s,which can be called the transition process to a free market economy and open economy,on the one hand,efforts were made to privatize state institutions in order to withdraw the state from economic life and to ensure that the prices of goods and services were determined under free market conditions,while on the other hand,efforts were made to grant freedom to foreign trade.While these two main issues were being realized,the import substitution industrialization strategy was abandoned and an export-based growth model was started to be implemented.The last step of this opening up and liberalization process was realized with the decision numbered 32 in 1989.With the liberalization of capital movements in the 1990s,we can say that economic growth and development was attempted to be achieved through hot money inflows rather than direct foreign investments.This orientation made the economy more vulnerable to crises,and for the first time,a crisis occurred in the form of the 1994 economic crisis,which was understood to be caused by hot money.The 1994 economic crisis was attempted to be overcome by providing state guarantees for bank deposits and applying high interest rates.Thus,it is noteworthy that high inflation was experienced in the period leading up to the 2001 economic crisis.Indeed,while the increase in the wholesale price index rarely remained below 30%on an annual basis between 1980 and 1990,increases of 50%and 60%began to be seen.However,the period between 1990 and 2000 was a period in which higher inflation rates were encountered.As a result of the environment created in the 1990s,we can say that the financial crisis experienced in 2001 deepened into an economic crisis and that this crisis had economic and political effects.Although there have been many economic crises in the history of the Republic,this crisis is considered to be the most deeply effective.While the crisis was overcome with the stand-by agreement made by the IMF and the announced Transition to a Strong Economy program,the economy began to grow rapidly with the ease of use of foreign resources,and the existence of political stability seems to have ensured that this economic growth process continued uninterruptedly except for 2009.A decrease was also experienced in inflation rates.After 2015,inflation rates began to rise again,and although negative economic growth rates were experienced between the 3rd quarter of 2018 and the 3rd quarter of 2019 during the exchange rate shock period in 2018,we can say that this was not effective enough to turn annual average growth rates into negatives.The exchange rate shock experienced in November 2021 both caused changes in economic policies and the adoption of new policies,and seems to have led to an economic crisis wave caused by the large increase in inflation rates.Within this framework,a post-Keynesian policy of combating inflation has been implemented,and with the new economic policies announced in June 2023,the Central Bank has gradually increased policy interest rates and started to implement tight monetary policy in cooperation with the Ministry of Treasury and Finance,and we can say that a new phase has been entered in the post-Keynesian policy of combating inflation.However,in our opinion,it is necessary to determine well where inflation originates from and what ensures its continuation.In this context,Turkey’s inflation problem will be analyzed by utilizing the views of post-Keynesians on inflation and the profit-push inflation approach.
文摘The Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric is an exact solution of the Einstein field equations and it describes a homogeneous, isotropic and expanding universe. The FLRW metric and the Friedmann equations form the basis of the ΛCDM model. In this article, a metric which is based on the FLRW metric and that includes a space scale factor and a newly introduced time scale factor T(t)is elaborated. The assumption is that the expansion or contraction of the dimensions of space and time in a homogeneous and isotropic universe depend on the energy density. The Christoffel symbols, Ricci tensor and Ricci scalar are derived. By evaluating the results using Einstein’s field equations and the energy momentum tensor, a hypothetical modified cosmological model is obtained. This theoretical model provides for a cosmic inflation, the accelerated expansion of spacetime as well avoids the flatness and fine-tuning problems.
文摘Hollow tubular tissues and organs of our body have various functions: gastrointestinal (esophagus), respiratory (trachea), and vascular (veins, arteries). A panel of pathologies is associated with each of these tissues and therapeutic interventions, surgery or replacement may be necessary. A precise knowledge of the mechanical properties of these tissues is thus required in order to understand their functioning in native conditions, to be able to elaborate some prostheses, or to design appropriate surgical training tools. These tissues may undergo expansions or contractions (peristalsis) and are exposed to internal pressures. The wall of tubular organs is organized in different layers, and each layer consists of various cell types and extra-cellular matrix, depending on the physiological functions that the organ has to fulfil. This yields anisotropic and compliant structures. In inflation experiments, the linear elasticity approach is acceptable as long as the organ’s inflation remains moderate. In this paper, elasticity laws are revisited and supplemented in order to show that, coupled with modern experimental characterization tools, they provide useful information (compliances, directional Young moduli, Poisson ratios) for the design of artificial tubular organs. The importance of a precise determination of the wall thickness and its evolution during inflation is pointed out.
