1.Introduction The 21st century has witnessed a concerning escalation of viral threats,ranging from seasonal influenza to global pandemics such as COVID-19.These outbreaks,including SARS,Ebola,and MERS,have highlighte...1.Introduction The 21st century has witnessed a concerning escalation of viral threats,ranging from seasonal influenza to global pandemics such as COVID-19.These outbreaks,including SARS,Ebola,and MERS,have highlighted critical weaknesses in traditional public health systems:delayed outbreak detection and identification due to fragmented data surveillance,inadequate preparedness for zoonotic spillovers,and inequitable distribution of resources,all challenges necessitating innovative solutions.The persistent increase in global infectious disease threats,particularly the COVID-19 pandemic,has prompted the integration of artificial intelligence(AI)into modern public health systems.By leveraging its unparalleled capabilities in data processing and pattern recognition,AI technologies have proven to be powerful tools for predicting,detecting,and mitigating the spread of infectious diseases,offering transformative pathways for their prevention and control.Key advantages span six key domains:pathogen identification,infection risk assessment,therapeutic development,and containment strategies.展开更多
The outbreak of COVID-19 pneumonia has had a serious impact on the world and has led to a greater awareness of the importance of infectious disease prevention and control.Biology is closely related to life sciences an...The outbreak of COVID-19 pneumonia has had a serious impact on the world and has led to a greater awareness of the importance of infectious disease prevention and control.Biology is closely related to life sciences and is an ideal discipline to penetrate infectious disease education.Conducting infectious disease prevention and control education can help increase students’knowledge of infectious disease prevention and control and prompt them to form good living habits.展开更多
Objective: to explore the application of health education in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Methods: 80 cases of infectious diseases in our hospital were divided into two groups by double blind ran...Objective: to explore the application of health education in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Methods: 80 cases of infectious diseases in our hospital were divided into two groups by double blind random method. The control group was given routine nursing, and the experimental group was given routine nursing combined health education. The cognition degree of infectious disease prevention knowledge, nursing satisfaction and infectious disease recurrence rate were compared between the two groups before and after nursing care. Results: the degree of cognition of infectious disease prevention knowledge in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group, the degree of nursing satisfaction was higher than that in the control group, and the rate of infectious disease recurrence was lower than that in the control group, with significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusion: the effect of routine nursing combined with health education for infectious disease patients is definite, which can effectively improve the condition of patients, improve their knowledge and cognition level, and reduce the occurrence of infectious disease recurrence. It is worth popularizing and applying.展开更多
Objectives:This article aims to summarize a series of contingency management strategies of the Nursing Department in the centralized treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Methods:The strategies...Objectives:This article aims to summarize a series of contingency management strategies of the Nursing Department in the centralized treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Methods:The strategies of the Nursing Department included an early warning for prevention and control,taking functions of vertically commanding and horizontally coordinating,and reasonably allocating nursing workforce,to facilitate centralized treatment work in the in-hospital fever clinic,isolation wards and ICU,and referral and admission of critical patients.Five special groups were established in charge of training and examination,management and supervision,psychological support,logistical support,and reporting and publicity,respectively.Results:It was achieved that no deaths from critical patients and no medical staff,no other patients were infected.Conclusion:Through the implementation of these strategies,safe and efficient centralized treatment was ensured timely,orderly and sustainably.展开更多
Objective:Studies on the occupational health risks and experiences of healthcare waste handlers since the decline in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)incidence are scarce in Nigeria.The current study aimed to examine...Objective:Studies on the occupational health risks and experiences of healthcare waste handlers since the decline in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)incidence are scarce in Nigeria.The current study aimed to examine what seemed as the"hidden"and rarely researched area of practice from the standpoint of different stakeholders in a Nigerian Lassa fever treatment hospital.The primary objective was to understand the nature of waste handlers'practices and experiences and identify areas for improvement centred on supporting the development of best practices,in accordance with the World Health Organisation(WHO)guidelines.Methods:This study employed a qualitative case study design,gathering data from healthcare waste handlers(n=34)through four focus groups.Additionally,four in-depth interviews were conducted with ward managers and the infection control team to gain insight into the organisational framing of waste handling practice,the perceived challenges faced by waste handlers from their perspectives,and the provision of training and support.The qualitative data were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim through manual processes and subjected to a reflexive thematic analysis conducted manually.Results:The findings revealed that waste handlers were subjected to various occupational health risks,including back pain,needlestick injuries,psychological distress,fatigue,anxiety,and prolonged exposure to sunlight.Concerns were raised regarding the inadequate supply of personal protective equipment and other essential tools,which suggests a need for organisational commitment to ensure the continual availability of these resources to protect the health and safety of these employees.A critical issue identified was the lack of comprehensive training for waste handlers,highlighting a form of organisational negligence.The consensual views expressed by the waste handlers indicated a sense of dissatisfaction with their working environment,largely attributable to organisational and societal stigmatisation.Furthermore,the study underscored that the hospital management faced significant financial constraints and advocated for increased funding to effectively implement best practice standards.Conclusion:To effectively manage healthcare waste and reduce hazards to waste handlers,the organisational leadership should prioritise training and support.This initiative will not only benefit the waste handlers but also the patients,other healthcare workers,and the general public.Although the findings focus on the case context of a Nigerian Lassa fever treatment hospital,the wider implications of this study are linked to the role of institutional support for waste handling practice.Moreover,it extends to the potential positions of institutions as displaying a form of"benign anomie"in not ensuring the wellbeing of waste handlers through sufficient regulation and governance focused on prioritisation,processes,and procedures.The study highlights the relevance of embedding WHO guidelines in other similar contexts as part of implementation across institutions involved with waste handling.展开更多
The transmission of infectious diseases is a dynamic process determined by multiple factors originating from disease pathogens and/or parasites,vector species,and human populations.These factors interact with each oth...The transmission of infectious diseases is a dynamic process determined by multiple factors originating from disease pathogens and/or parasites,vector species,and human populations.These factors interact with each other and demonstrate the intrinsic mechanisms of the disease transmission temporally,spatially,and socially.In this article,we provide a comprehensive perspective,named as systems thinking,for investigating disease dynamics and associated impact factors,by means of emphasizing the entirety of a system’s components and the complexity of their interrelated behaviors.We further develop the general steps for performing systems approach to tackling infectious diseases in the real-world settings,so as to expand our abilities to understand,predict,and mitigate infectious diseases.展开更多
目的分析2002—2017年全国31省(自治区、直辖市)传染病防控人力资源的有效激励水平及变化趋势,针对人员激励现状探讨有效激励因素的地区分布情况。方法系统收集中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Science数据库中1997—2017年发表的全国31个省(自...目的分析2002—2017年全国31省(自治区、直辖市)传染病防控人力资源的有效激励水平及变化趋势,针对人员激励现状探讨有效激励因素的地区分布情况。方法系统收集中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Science数据库中1997—2017年发表的全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)关于传染病防控人员激励问题的研究文献,运用内容分析法进行评阅,判断人员激励问题的严重程度。将文献中提到的人员激励问题的影响因素分成4类并计数,运用卡方检验分析各地区人员有效激励因素的分布情况。结果当前我国传染病防控队伍的有效激励水平不高,仅为31.84%;而且地区差异大,2017年结果显示,地区之间变异系数为32.44%。2002—2017年,各地传染病防控队伍有效激励的改进幅度有限,增长幅度仅为11.13%。全国范围内,经济类因素成为影响传染病防控人员工作积极性的主要原因,在各类因素中占46.25%。在地区层面,中部地区人员激励水平(28.03%)一直落后于东部地区(35.90%)和西部地区(30.67%)。在有效激励因素上,东部地区对教育类因素的关注度(东部地区为17.53%,中部地区为6.82%,西部地区为6.25%)和西部地区对个人与专业支持类因素的关注度(东部地区为15.46%,中部地区为18.18%,西部地区为35.71%)明显高于其他地区。结论我国传染病防控人员激励机制有待完善,特别是中部地区尤为迫切。经济类因素如薪酬待遇已然成为全国范围内影响人员队伍稳定性的主要因素。此外,西部地区应在改善卫生人员生活与工作条件方面继续加强,而东部地区仍可在人才培养、继续教育方面进一步完善激励机制。展开更多
With the rapid pace of population ageing,tuberculosis(TB)in the elderly increasingly becomes a public health challenge.Despite the increasing burden and high risks for TB in the elderly,targeted strategy has not been ...With the rapid pace of population ageing,tuberculosis(TB)in the elderly increasingly becomes a public health challenge.Despite the increasing burden and high risks for TB in the elderly,targeted strategy has not been well understood and evaluated.We undertook a scoping review to identify current TB strategies,research and policy gaps in the elderly and summarized the results within a strategic framework towards End TB targets.Databases of Embase,MEDLINE,Global health and EBM reviews were searched for original studies,review articles,and policy papers published in English between January 1990 and December 2015.Articles examining TB strategy,program,guideline or intervention in the elderly from public health perspective were included.Nineteen articles met the inclusion criteria.Most of them were qualitative studies,issued in high-and middle-income countries and after 2000.To break the chain of TB transmission and reactivation in the elderly,infection control,interventions of avoiding delay in diagnosis and containment are essential for preventing transmission,especially in elderly institutions and aged immigrants;screening of latent TB infection and preventive therapy had effective impacts on reducing the risk of reactivation and should be used less reluctantly in older people;optimizing early case-finding with a high index of suspicion,systematic screening for prioritized high-risk groups,initial empirical and adequate follow-up treatment with close monitoring and evaluation,as well as enhanced programmatic management are fundamental pillars for active TB elimination.Evaluation of TB epidemiology,risk factors,impacts and cost-effectiveness of interventions,adopting accurate and rapid diagnostic tools,shorter and less toxic preventive therapy,are critical issues for developing strategy in the elderly towards End TB targets.TB control strategies in the elderly were comprehensively mapped in a causal link pathway.The framework and principals identified in this study will help to evaluate and improve current program,develop targeted strategy,as well as raise more discussions on the research priority settings and policy transitions.Given the scarceness of policy and evaluated interventions,as well as the unawareness of shifting TB epidemiology and strategy especially in developing countries,the increasing need of a ready TB program for the elderly warrants further research.展开更多
The emergence of novel infectious diseases has become a serious global problem.Convenient transportation networks lead to rapid mobilization in the context of globalization,which is an important factor underlying the ...The emergence of novel infectious diseases has become a serious global problem.Convenient transportation networks lead to rapid mobilization in the context of globalization,which is an important factor underlying the rapid spread of infectious diseases.Transportation systems can cause the transmission of viruses during the epidemic period,but they also support the reopening of economies after the epidemic.Understanding the mechanism of the impact of mobility on the spread of infectious diseases is thus important,as is establishing the risk model of the spread of infectious diseases in transportation networks.In this study,the basic structure and application of various epidemic spread models are reviewed,including mathematical models,statistical models,network-based models,and simulation models.The advantages and limitations of model applications within transportation systems are analyzed,including dynamic characteristics of epidemic transmission and decision supports for management and control.Lastly,research trends and prospects are discussed.It is suggested that there is a need for more in-depth research to examine the mutual feedback mechanism of epidemics and individual behavior,as well as the proposal and evaluation of intervention measures.The findings in this study can help evaluate disease intervention strategies,provide decision supports for transport policy during the epidemic period,and ameliorate the deficiencies of the existing system.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82330103).
文摘1.Introduction The 21st century has witnessed a concerning escalation of viral threats,ranging from seasonal influenza to global pandemics such as COVID-19.These outbreaks,including SARS,Ebola,and MERS,have highlighted critical weaknesses in traditional public health systems:delayed outbreak detection and identification due to fragmented data surveillance,inadequate preparedness for zoonotic spillovers,and inequitable distribution of resources,all challenges necessitating innovative solutions.The persistent increase in global infectious disease threats,particularly the COVID-19 pandemic,has prompted the integration of artificial intelligence(AI)into modern public health systems.By leveraging its unparalleled capabilities in data processing and pattern recognition,AI technologies have proven to be powerful tools for predicting,detecting,and mitigating the spread of infectious diseases,offering transformative pathways for their prevention and control.Key advantages span six key domains:pathogen identification,infection risk assessment,therapeutic development,and containment strategies.
基金Anqing Normal University School-Level Teaching and Research Project(2022aqnujyxm32)Anqing Normal University Provincial Graduate Online CourseAnhui Province Graduate Student Online Course on Animal Ecology。
文摘The outbreak of COVID-19 pneumonia has had a serious impact on the world and has led to a greater awareness of the importance of infectious disease prevention and control.Biology is closely related to life sciences and is an ideal discipline to penetrate infectious disease education.Conducting infectious disease prevention and control education can help increase students’knowledge of infectious disease prevention and control and prompt them to form good living habits.
文摘Objective: to explore the application of health education in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Methods: 80 cases of infectious diseases in our hospital were divided into two groups by double blind random method. The control group was given routine nursing, and the experimental group was given routine nursing combined health education. The cognition degree of infectious disease prevention knowledge, nursing satisfaction and infectious disease recurrence rate were compared between the two groups before and after nursing care. Results: the degree of cognition of infectious disease prevention knowledge in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group, the degree of nursing satisfaction was higher than that in the control group, and the rate of infectious disease recurrence was lower than that in the control group, with significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusion: the effect of routine nursing combined with health education for infectious disease patients is definite, which can effectively improve the condition of patients, improve their knowledge and cognition level, and reduce the occurrence of infectious disease recurrence. It is worth popularizing and applying.
基金Zhejiang Medical Science and Technology Plan Project(2019RC167).
文摘Objectives:This article aims to summarize a series of contingency management strategies of the Nursing Department in the centralized treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Methods:The strategies of the Nursing Department included an early warning for prevention and control,taking functions of vertically commanding and horizontally coordinating,and reasonably allocating nursing workforce,to facilitate centralized treatment work in the in-hospital fever clinic,isolation wards and ICU,and referral and admission of critical patients.Five special groups were established in charge of training and examination,management and supervision,psychological support,logistical support,and reporting and publicity,respectively.Results:It was achieved that no deaths from critical patients and no medical staff,no other patients were infected.Conclusion:Through the implementation of these strategies,safe and efficient centralized treatment was ensured timely,orderly and sustainably.
基金Bangor University,UK supported this study through the International Science Partnerships Fund(ISPF)。
文摘Objective:Studies on the occupational health risks and experiences of healthcare waste handlers since the decline in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)incidence are scarce in Nigeria.The current study aimed to examine what seemed as the"hidden"and rarely researched area of practice from the standpoint of different stakeholders in a Nigerian Lassa fever treatment hospital.The primary objective was to understand the nature of waste handlers'practices and experiences and identify areas for improvement centred on supporting the development of best practices,in accordance with the World Health Organisation(WHO)guidelines.Methods:This study employed a qualitative case study design,gathering data from healthcare waste handlers(n=34)through four focus groups.Additionally,four in-depth interviews were conducted with ward managers and the infection control team to gain insight into the organisational framing of waste handling practice,the perceived challenges faced by waste handlers from their perspectives,and the provision of training and support.The qualitative data were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim through manual processes and subjected to a reflexive thematic analysis conducted manually.Results:The findings revealed that waste handlers were subjected to various occupational health risks,including back pain,needlestick injuries,psychological distress,fatigue,anxiety,and prolonged exposure to sunlight.Concerns were raised regarding the inadequate supply of personal protective equipment and other essential tools,which suggests a need for organisational commitment to ensure the continual availability of these resources to protect the health and safety of these employees.A critical issue identified was the lack of comprehensive training for waste handlers,highlighting a form of organisational negligence.The consensual views expressed by the waste handlers indicated a sense of dissatisfaction with their working environment,largely attributable to organisational and societal stigmatisation.Furthermore,the study underscored that the hospital management faced significant financial constraints and advocated for increased funding to effectively implement best practice standards.Conclusion:To effectively manage healthcare waste and reduce hazards to waste handlers,the organisational leadership should prioritise training and support.This initiative will not only benefit the waste handlers but also the patients,other healthcare workers,and the general public.Although the findings focus on the case context of a Nigerian Lassa fever treatment hospital,the wider implications of this study are linked to the role of institutional support for waste handling practice.Moreover,it extends to the potential positions of institutions as displaying a form of"benign anomie"in not ensuring the wellbeing of waste handlers through sufficient regulation and governance focused on prioritisation,processes,and procedures.The study highlights the relevance of embedding WHO guidelines in other similar contexts as part of implementation across institutions involved with waste handling.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81502858 and No.81273192)The authors would like to acknowledge support from Hong Kong Research Grants Council(HKBU 12202415)The funders had no role in the study design,data collection and analysis,decision to publish,or preparation of the paper.
文摘The transmission of infectious diseases is a dynamic process determined by multiple factors originating from disease pathogens and/or parasites,vector species,and human populations.These factors interact with each other and demonstrate the intrinsic mechanisms of the disease transmission temporally,spatially,and socially.In this article,we provide a comprehensive perspective,named as systems thinking,for investigating disease dynamics and associated impact factors,by means of emphasizing the entirety of a system’s components and the complexity of their interrelated behaviors.We further develop the general steps for performing systems approach to tackling infectious diseases in the real-world settings,so as to expand our abilities to understand,predict,and mitigate infectious diseases.
文摘目的分析2002—2017年全国31省(自治区、直辖市)传染病防控人力资源的有效激励水平及变化趋势,针对人员激励现状探讨有效激励因素的地区分布情况。方法系统收集中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Science数据库中1997—2017年发表的全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)关于传染病防控人员激励问题的研究文献,运用内容分析法进行评阅,判断人员激励问题的严重程度。将文献中提到的人员激励问题的影响因素分成4类并计数,运用卡方检验分析各地区人员有效激励因素的分布情况。结果当前我国传染病防控队伍的有效激励水平不高,仅为31.84%;而且地区差异大,2017年结果显示,地区之间变异系数为32.44%。2002—2017年,各地传染病防控队伍有效激励的改进幅度有限,增长幅度仅为11.13%。全国范围内,经济类因素成为影响传染病防控人员工作积极性的主要原因,在各类因素中占46.25%。在地区层面,中部地区人员激励水平(28.03%)一直落后于东部地区(35.90%)和西部地区(30.67%)。在有效激励因素上,东部地区对教育类因素的关注度(东部地区为17.53%,中部地区为6.82%,西部地区为6.25%)和西部地区对个人与专业支持类因素的关注度(东部地区为15.46%,中部地区为18.18%,西部地区为35.71%)明显高于其他地区。结论我国传染病防控人员激励机制有待完善,特别是中部地区尤为迫切。经济类因素如薪酬待遇已然成为全国范围内影响人员队伍稳定性的主要因素。此外,西部地区应在改善卫生人员生活与工作条件方面继续加强,而东部地区仍可在人才培养、继续教育方面进一步完善激励机制。
基金This scoping review was kindly supported by the Health and Medical Research Fund[Number:CU-15-C12]Food and Health Bureau,Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China.
文摘With the rapid pace of population ageing,tuberculosis(TB)in the elderly increasingly becomes a public health challenge.Despite the increasing burden and high risks for TB in the elderly,targeted strategy has not been well understood and evaluated.We undertook a scoping review to identify current TB strategies,research and policy gaps in the elderly and summarized the results within a strategic framework towards End TB targets.Databases of Embase,MEDLINE,Global health and EBM reviews were searched for original studies,review articles,and policy papers published in English between January 1990 and December 2015.Articles examining TB strategy,program,guideline or intervention in the elderly from public health perspective were included.Nineteen articles met the inclusion criteria.Most of them were qualitative studies,issued in high-and middle-income countries and after 2000.To break the chain of TB transmission and reactivation in the elderly,infection control,interventions of avoiding delay in diagnosis and containment are essential for preventing transmission,especially in elderly institutions and aged immigrants;screening of latent TB infection and preventive therapy had effective impacts on reducing the risk of reactivation and should be used less reluctantly in older people;optimizing early case-finding with a high index of suspicion,systematic screening for prioritized high-risk groups,initial empirical and adequate follow-up treatment with close monitoring and evaluation,as well as enhanced programmatic management are fundamental pillars for active TB elimination.Evaluation of TB epidemiology,risk factors,impacts and cost-effectiveness of interventions,adopting accurate and rapid diagnostic tools,shorter and less toxic preventive therapy,are critical issues for developing strategy in the elderly towards End TB targets.TB control strategies in the elderly were comprehensively mapped in a causal link pathway.The framework and principals identified in this study will help to evaluate and improve current program,develop targeted strategy,as well as raise more discussions on the research priority settings and policy transitions.Given the scarceness of policy and evaluated interventions,as well as the unawareness of shifting TB epidemiology and strategy especially in developing countries,the increasing need of a ready TB program for the elderly warrants further research.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2018YFB1601100National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.71601145。
文摘The emergence of novel infectious diseases has become a serious global problem.Convenient transportation networks lead to rapid mobilization in the context of globalization,which is an important factor underlying the rapid spread of infectious diseases.Transportation systems can cause the transmission of viruses during the epidemic period,but they also support the reopening of economies after the epidemic.Understanding the mechanism of the impact of mobility on the spread of infectious diseases is thus important,as is establishing the risk model of the spread of infectious diseases in transportation networks.In this study,the basic structure and application of various epidemic spread models are reviewed,including mathematical models,statistical models,network-based models,and simulation models.The advantages and limitations of model applications within transportation systems are analyzed,including dynamic characteristics of epidemic transmission and decision supports for management and control.Lastly,research trends and prospects are discussed.It is suggested that there is a need for more in-depth research to examine the mutual feedback mechanism of epidemics and individual behavior,as well as the proposal and evaluation of intervention measures.The findings in this study can help evaluate disease intervention strategies,provide decision supports for transport policy during the epidemic period,and ameliorate the deficiencies of the existing system.
