Infectious waste management is a major environmental and public health challenge worldwide.Household infectious wastes are often mixed with other waste,collected,and disposed of without taking measures to reduce risks...Infectious waste management is a major environmental and public health challenge worldwide.Household infectious wastes are often mixed with other waste,collected,and disposed of without taking measures to reduce risks.With the emergence of the COVID-19 virus in early December 2019,there have been concerns about the dangers of infectious waste generated in healthcare facilities and homes.Therefore,this review was conducted with the aim of investigating the methods of household infectious waste management in different countries/regions and evaluating the factors affecting the management of household infectious waste.In this study,we conducted a systematic literature search in four electronic databases(PubMed,Web of Science,Scopus,and ProQuest)to answer the research questions.This process was based on the new version of PRISMA guidelines.In total,52 documents out of 6742 were selected and evaluated.The review of studies based on content analysis led to the emergence of 12 main themes,36 sub-themes,and 112 codes.The main topics included education and culture,management measures,legal social support,economic support,technology,control and evaluation,waste generation,classification and collection,temporary storage,transportation,processing and recycling,and safe disposal.The factors affecting household infectious waste management identified in this research can serve as a basis for future studies.It is also suitable for providing a comprehensive guide to the management of household infectious waste.展开更多
This study aims to estimate the quantity of healthcare waste categorically generated in four different healthcare in Dar es Salaam city namely, Muhimbili National Hospital, Mwananyamala Regional Referral Hospital, Tem...This study aims to estimate the quantity of healthcare waste categorically generated in four different healthcare in Dar es Salaam city namely, Muhimbili National Hospital, Mwananyamala Regional Referral Hospital, Temeke Regional Referral Hospital and Ilala Regional Referral Hospital to evaluate the quantities of medical waste generated based on their level and capacity. Waste was collected in different categories of non-infectious, sharps, infectious, infectious plastics, and pathological waste which were measured daily for fourteen (14) consecutive days in all hospitals by using a weighting scale and observational checklist to document related waste management information and the assessment of the healthcare waste generation in each hospital. The average general healthcare waste generation rate per healthcare ranges from 298.9 kg/day to 1554.4 kg/day. The high fluctuation in general medical waste was established to be attributed to specialization difference between one hospital to the other, and the large number of in-patients and out patients between hospitals. The overall average sharps waste generation rate was established to range from 8.5 ± 2.7 - 13.9 ± 1.8 kg/day. Higher values of sharps waste generated observed at Muhimbili hospital are due to emergency cases referred to from other hospitals located within the city and from the surrounding districts and other regions of the country. The results from this study, raise alarm to hospital administrators, and other health stakeholders working in related fields to give special attention and priority in setting a related share in their budgets for proper management of medical waste in their health facilities.展开更多
Laboratory wastewater has been suggested as an important escape route for microorganisms from research environments.Likely reasons for the unintentional release of laboratory organisms are shortcomings in the handling...Laboratory wastewater has been suggested as an important escape route for microorganisms from research environments.Likely reasons for the unintentional release of laboratory organisms are shortcomings in the handling of infectious liquid biological waste(LBW)and inadequate inactivation procedures.We developed an analytical approach to investigate the use of chemical inactivation(CI)procedures in Swiss research laboratories by on-site random sampling of presumably inactivated infectious LBW and testing it for the presence of infectious lentiviruses(HIV-1)and adenoviruses(AdV).In addition,standard operating procedures(SOPs)for CI were collected and evaluated,and laboratorystaff knowledge of CI processes was assessed using a questionnaire.Although we found several deficiencies in the technical knowledge and training of laboratory staff on the CI of LBW,as documented by 27 returned questionnaires,no infectious viruses were detected in the eight LBW samples collected.Whilst we acknowledge that the number of LBW samples and SOPs is small,we conclude that CI of LBW containing infectious lentiviruses and adenoviruses does not result in the systematic release of considerable amounts of infectious viruses into the environment from research laboratories in Switzerland.展开更多
文摘Infectious waste management is a major environmental and public health challenge worldwide.Household infectious wastes are often mixed with other waste,collected,and disposed of without taking measures to reduce risks.With the emergence of the COVID-19 virus in early December 2019,there have been concerns about the dangers of infectious waste generated in healthcare facilities and homes.Therefore,this review was conducted with the aim of investigating the methods of household infectious waste management in different countries/regions and evaluating the factors affecting the management of household infectious waste.In this study,we conducted a systematic literature search in four electronic databases(PubMed,Web of Science,Scopus,and ProQuest)to answer the research questions.This process was based on the new version of PRISMA guidelines.In total,52 documents out of 6742 were selected and evaluated.The review of studies based on content analysis led to the emergence of 12 main themes,36 sub-themes,and 112 codes.The main topics included education and culture,management measures,legal social support,economic support,technology,control and evaluation,waste generation,classification and collection,temporary storage,transportation,processing and recycling,and safe disposal.The factors affecting household infectious waste management identified in this research can serve as a basis for future studies.It is also suitable for providing a comprehensive guide to the management of household infectious waste.
文摘This study aims to estimate the quantity of healthcare waste categorically generated in four different healthcare in Dar es Salaam city namely, Muhimbili National Hospital, Mwananyamala Regional Referral Hospital, Temeke Regional Referral Hospital and Ilala Regional Referral Hospital to evaluate the quantities of medical waste generated based on their level and capacity. Waste was collected in different categories of non-infectious, sharps, infectious, infectious plastics, and pathological waste which were measured daily for fourteen (14) consecutive days in all hospitals by using a weighting scale and observational checklist to document related waste management information and the assessment of the healthcare waste generation in each hospital. The average general healthcare waste generation rate per healthcare ranges from 298.9 kg/day to 1554.4 kg/day. The high fluctuation in general medical waste was established to be attributed to specialization difference between one hospital to the other, and the large number of in-patients and out patients between hospitals. The overall average sharps waste generation rate was established to range from 8.5 ± 2.7 - 13.9 ± 1.8 kg/day. Higher values of sharps waste generated observed at Muhimbili hospital are due to emergency cases referred to from other hospitals located within the city and from the surrounding districts and other regions of the country. The results from this study, raise alarm to hospital administrators, and other health stakeholders working in related fields to give special attention and priority in setting a related share in their budgets for proper management of medical waste in their health facilities.
文摘Laboratory wastewater has been suggested as an important escape route for microorganisms from research environments.Likely reasons for the unintentional release of laboratory organisms are shortcomings in the handling of infectious liquid biological waste(LBW)and inadequate inactivation procedures.We developed an analytical approach to investigate the use of chemical inactivation(CI)procedures in Swiss research laboratories by on-site random sampling of presumably inactivated infectious LBW and testing it for the presence of infectious lentiviruses(HIV-1)and adenoviruses(AdV).In addition,standard operating procedures(SOPs)for CI were collected and evaluated,and laboratorystaff knowledge of CI processes was assessed using a questionnaire.Although we found several deficiencies in the technical knowledge and training of laboratory staff on the CI of LBW,as documented by 27 returned questionnaires,no infectious viruses were detected in the eight LBW samples collected.Whilst we acknowledge that the number of LBW samples and SOPs is small,we conclude that CI of LBW containing infectious lentiviruses and adenoviruses does not result in the systematic release of considerable amounts of infectious viruses into the environment from research laboratories in Switzerland.
