Climate and weather significantly influence the duration,timing,and intensity of disease outbreaks,reshaping the global landscape of infectious diseases.Rising temperatures and shifts in precipitation patterns driven ...Climate and weather significantly influence the duration,timing,and intensity of disease outbreaks,reshaping the global landscape of infectious diseases.Rising temperatures and shifts in precipitation patterns driven by climate change can directly impact the survival and reproduction of pathogens and vector organisms.Moreover,climate change is expected to exacerbate extreme weather events,including floods and droughts,which can disrupt infrastructure and increase the risk of waterand foodborne diseases.There are potential shifts in the temporal and spatial patterns of infectious disease transmission owing to climate change.Furthermore,climate change may alter the epidemiology of vaccine-preventable diseases.These climatic variations not only affect the ecological characteristics of pathogens and vectors but also indirectly influence human behaviors and socioeconomic conditions,further amplifying disease transmission risks.Addressing this challenge requires an interdisciplinary collaboration and comprehensive public health strategies.This review aims to synthesize the current evidence on the impact of climate change on climate-sensitive infectious diseases and elucidate the underlying mechanisms and transmission pathways.Additionally,we explored adaptive policy strategies to mitigate the public health burden of infectious diseases in the context of climate change,offering insights for global health governance and disease control efforts.展开更多
Viral infectious diseases,characterized by their intricate nature and wide-ranging diversity,pose substantial challenges in the domain of data management.The vast volume of data generated by these diseases,spanning fr...Viral infectious diseases,characterized by their intricate nature and wide-ranging diversity,pose substantial challenges in the domain of data management.The vast volume of data generated by these diseases,spanning from the molecular mechanisms within cells to large-scale epidemiological patterns,has surpassed the capabilities of traditional analytical methods.In the era of artificial intelligence(AI)and big data,there is an urgent necessity for the optimization of these analytical methods to more effectively handle and utilize the information.Despite the rapid accumulation of data associated with viral infections,the lack of a comprehensive framework for integrating,selecting,and analyzing these datasets has left numerous researchers uncertain about which data to select,how to access it,and how to utilize it most effectively in their research.This review endeavors to fill these gaps by exploring the multifaceted nature of viral infectious diseases and summarizing relevant data across multiple levels,from the molecular details of pathogens to broad epidemiological trends.The scope extends from the micro-scale to the macro-scale,encompassing pathogens,hosts,and vectors.In addition to data summarization,this review thoroughly investigates various dataset sources.It also traces the historical evolution of data collection in the field of viral infectious diseases,highlighting the progress achieved over time.Simultaneously,it evaluates the current limitations that impede data utilization.Furthermore,we propose strategies to surmount these challenges,focusing on the development and application of advanced computational techniques,AI-driven models,and enhanced data integration practices.By providing a comprehensive synthesis of existing knowledge,this review is designed to guide future research and contribute to more informed approaches in the surveillance,prevention,and control of viral infectious diseases,particularly within the context of the expanding big-data landscape.展开更多
Extracellular vesicles(EVs)have arisen as potential therapeutic tools in managing infectious diseases because EVs can regulate cell-to-cell signaling,function as drug transport mechanisms,and influence immune reaction...Extracellular vesicles(EVs)have arisen as potential therapeutic tools in managing infectious diseases because EVs can regulate cell-to-cell signaling,function as drug transport mechanisms,and influence immune reactions.They are obtained from a myriad of sources,such as plants,humans,and animal cells.EVs like exosomes and ectosomes can be utilized in their native form as therapeutics or engineered to encompass antimicrobials,vaccines,and oligonucleotides of interest with a targeted delivery strategy.An in-depth understanding of host-pathogen dynamics provides a solid foundation for exploiting its full potential in therapeutics against infectious diseases.This review mainly offers an extensive summary of EVs,comprising their various origins,formations,and pathogen relationships.It further provides insights into the various techniques utilized in isolating and engineering these vesicles to target infectious diseases and how challenges involving large-scale production and cargo loading efficiency should be addressed for clinical application.Finally,preclinical and clinical implementations of EVs derived from animals,plants,and microorganisms are elucidated,stressing their promise for designing innovative antimicrobial approaches.展开更多
The skin,being the largest organ in the human body,is susceptible to a wide array of diseases,particularly infectious skin diseases.Some of these skin conditions are chronic and challenging to treat,markedly impacting...The skin,being the largest organ in the human body,is susceptible to a wide array of diseases,particularly infectious skin diseases.Some of these skin conditions are chronic and challenging to treat,markedly impacting the quality of life for those affected.Moreover,some chronic skin diseases necessitate the prolonged use of antibiotics,rendering antibiotic resistance inevitable.As the problem of antibiotic resistance grows increasingly severe,finding alternative treatment options to antibiotics becomes crucial.Moxibustion,an integral component of traditional Chinese medicine,stands out as a distinctive external therapy.With a storied history in the realm of dermatological treatment,moxibustion has amassed a wealth of clinical expertise and holds certain advantages,offering viable options for managing skin conditions.Nevertheless,given the diversity of skin diseases,the application of moxibustion in dermatology requires further exploration and comprehensive research.Furthermore,the quality of current moxibustion research needs enhancement,necessitating the conduct of high-quality randomized controlled trials to facilitate the integration of moxibustion into dermatological practice.The mechanism of action for moxibustion is intricate,encompassing thermal effect,light effect,and the pharmacological effect resulting from the burning of moxa.This article aims to encapsulate the mechanisms of moxibustion and its utilization in prevalent infectious skin conditions,while also outlining existing challenges and prospective avenues for development.展开更多
The relationship between genetics and infectious diseases is important in shaping our understanding of disease susceptibility,progression,and treatment.Recent research shows the impact of genetic variations,such as he...The relationship between genetics and infectious diseases is important in shaping our understanding of disease susceptibility,progression,and treatment.Recent research shows the impact of genetic variations,such as heme-oxygenase promoter length,on diseases like malaria and sepsis,revealing both protective and inconclusive effects.Studies on vaccine responses highlight genetic markers like human leukocyte antigens,emphasizing the potential for personalized immunization strategies.The ongoing battle against drug-resistant tuberculosis(TB)illustrates the complexity of genomic variants in predicting resistance,highlighting the need for integrated diagnostic tools.Additionally,genome-wide association studies reveal antibiotic resistance mechanisms in bacterial genomes,while host genetic polymorphisms,such as those in solute carrier family 11 member 1 and vitamin D receptor,demonstrate their role in TB susceptibility.Advanced techniques like metagenomic next-generation sequencing promise detailed pathogen detection but face challenges in cost and accessibility.A case report involving a highly virulent Mycobacterium TB strain with the pks1 gene further highlights the need for genetic insights in understanding disease severity and developing targeted interventions.This evolving landscape emphasizes the role of genetics in infectious diseases,while also addressing the need for standardized studies and accessible technologies.展开更多
Infectious bronchitis(IB),a highly contagious acute respiratory disease affecting avian species,poses significant challenges to poultry production.The causative agent,infectious bronchitis virus(IBV),exhibits a high m...Infectious bronchitis(IB),a highly contagious acute respiratory disease affecting avian species,poses significant challenges to poultry production.The causative agent,infectious bronchitis virus(IBV),exhibits a high mutation rate,leading to limited cross-protection by existing vaccines.This necessitates the development of novel vaccines.This study,based on preliminary investigations conducted by our research team,identified six potential strains(PYG QX1,ZQF QX2,FQH QX3,LYZ QX4,XXX QX5,and CSL strains)for vaccine development.Previous pathogenicity test and serum cross-neutralization experiments conducted in this study have demonstrated that the FQH QX3 strain exhibited the weakest pathogenicity and the broadest spectrum of serum neutralization,while the CSL strain showed the highest pathogenicity and was the most challenging to neutralize,posing the greatest difficulty in prevention and control.Subsequently,we constructed and rescued recombinant vaccine candidates,H120-FQH QX3,and H120-CSL,expressing the S1 and N proteins of the FQH QX3 and CSL strains,respectively.Immunization protection experiments indicated that the H120-CSL recombinant vaccine candidate exhibited the most effective immune protection,making it a promising candidate for further study and evaluation as a recombinant vaccine.The S1 and N genes of the CSL strain demonstrated strong immunogenicity,making them potential candidate antigen genes for future vaccine development.展开更多
Rapid and accurate detection of infectious virus particles, not just viral nucleic acid, is essential to avoid unnecessary quarantine and effectively control the spread of viral diseases such as coronavirus disease 20...Rapid and accurate detection of infectious virus particles, not just viral nucleic acid, is essential to avoid unnecessary quarantine and effectively control the spread of viral diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was the most widely used detection technique during the COVID-19 outbreak. However, it cannot discriminate between intact infectious viruses and surface-distorted, non-infectious virus particles or naked viral RNA. In this study, we present a strategy for the specific detection of infectious coronaviruses by combining viral receptor capture and reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). We successfully applied this strategy to detect infectious virus particles of the SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus and the human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63). Virus particles were first captured on ELISA plates coated with the recombinant human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor. Viral RNA was then extracted from the particles and detected by RT-LAMP using virus-specific primers. In our experimental setting, the proposed method had a minimum detection limit (LOD) of 90 PFU/mL, sensitivity of 96.2%, and specificity of 100%. Our study provides a proof-of-concept that viral receptor capture combined with RT-LAMP can differentiate infectious coronaviruses from non-infectious virions or naked viral RNA. This paves the way for this virus detection strategy to become a mainstream tool for the management, prevention and control of epidemic coronavirus diseases.展开更多
The technology of three dimensional(3D) printing,also known as additive manufacturing,is a cuttingedge type of fabrication method that utilizes a computer-aided design platform and employs layer-bylayer stacking to co...The technology of three dimensional(3D) printing,also known as additive manufacturing,is a cuttingedge type of fabrication method that utilizes a computer-aided design platform and employs layer-bylayer stacking to construct objects with exceptional flexibility.Due to its capacity to produce a substantial quantity of products within a short period of time,3D printing has emerged as one of the most significant manufacturing technology.Over the past two decades,remarkable advancements have been made in the application of 3D printing technology in the realm of bone tissue engineering.This review presents an innovative and systematic discussion on the potential application of 3D printing technology in bone tissue engineering,particularly in the treatment of infected bone defects.It comprehensively evaluates the materials utilized in 3D printing,highlights the interplay between cells and bone regeneration,and addresses and resolves challenges associated with current 3D printing technology.These challenges include material selection,fabrication of intricate 3D structures,integration of different cell types,streamlining design processes and material selection procedures,enhancing the clinical translational potential of 3D printing technology,and ultimately exploring future applications of four dimensional(4D) printing technology.The 3D printing technology has demonstrated significant potential in the synthesis of bone substitutes,offering consistent mechanical properties and ease of use.It has found extensive applications in personalized implant customization,prosthetic limb manufacturing,surgical tool production,tissue engineering,biological modeling,and cell diagnostics.Simultaneously,3D bioprinting provides an effective solution to address the issue of organ donor shortage.However,challenges still exist in material selection,management of structural complexity,integration of different cell types,and construction of functionally mature tissues.With advancements in multi-material printing techniques as well as bioprinting and 4D printing technologies emerging on the horizon;3D printing holds immense prospects for revolutionizing the means by which infectious bone defects are repaired.展开更多
Infectious wound healing is complicated with and limited by infection and oxidative stress at the wound site.In recent years,various evidences suggest that nanozymes with multiple enzymatic activities have enabled the...Infectious wound healing is complicated with and limited by infection and oxidative stress at the wound site.In recent years,various evidences suggest that nanozymes with multiple enzymatic activities have enabled the development of novel strategies for infectious wound healing.In this study,epigallocatechin gallate loaded polydopamine(P@E)was developed to act as a potent reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenger for scavenging ROS,alleviating inflammatory responses,and promoting infectious wound healing.Combining with near infrared(NIR)irradiation,P@E presented excellent antibacterial ability of Escherichia coli(E.coli,93.6%)and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA,87.6%).Specifically,P@E+NIR exhibited the most potent antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and cell proliferation behaviors through downregulating intracellular ROS levels(81.9%and 94.3%for NIH3T3 and RAW264.7 respectively)and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)expression level(55.7%),and up-regulating the expression levels of arginase-1(Arg-1,71.4%),heat shock protein 70(HSP70,48.6%)and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule(CD31,35.3%)compared to control group.Meanwhile,it also efficiently induced M2 directional polarization of lipopolysaccharide induced murine macrophages to achieve anti-inflammation,indicated by the down-regulation of CD86(86.2%),and up-regulation of CD206(85.6%).Significantly,it was also observed that P@E+NIR presented the excellent behaviors of inhibiting wound infection,alleviating wound inflammation,as well as promoting skin tissue repairing.Altogether,it has developed the strategy of using P@E combining with NIR irradiation for the synergistic enhanced healing of infectious skin wound,which can serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for its clinical treatment.展开更多
Governments worldwide have implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)to control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and it is crucial to accurately assess the effectiveness of such measures.Many s...Governments worldwide have implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)to control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and it is crucial to accurately assess the effectiveness of such measures.Many studies have quantified the risk of infection transmission and used simulations to compare the risk before and after the implementation of NPIs to judge policies’effectiveness.However,the choice of metric used to quantify the risk can lead to different conclusions regarding the effectiveness of a policy.In this study,we analyze the correlation between different transmission-risk metrics,pedestrian environments,and types of infectious diseases using simulation-generated data.Our findings reveal conflicting results among five different metric types in specific environments.More specifically,we observe that,when the randomness of pedestrian trajectories in indoor spaces is low,the closeness centrality exhibits a higher correlation coefficient with infection-based metrics than with contact-based metrics.Furthermore,even within the same pedestrian environment,the likelihood of discrepancies between infection-based metrics and other metrics increases for infectious diseases with low transmission rates.These results highlight the variability in the measured effectiveness of NPIs depending on the chosen metric.To evaluate NPIs accurately,facility managers should consider the type of facility and infectious disease and not solely rely on a single metric.This study provides a simulation model as a tool for future research and improves the reliability of pedestrian-simulation-based NPI effectiveness analysis methods.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effect of applying safety culture construction in nursing management of infectious disease areas.Methods:During the one-year period from January 2024 to December 2024,patients admitted to the ...Objective:To explore the effect of applying safety culture construction in nursing management of infectious disease areas.Methods:During the one-year period from January 2024 to December 2024,patients admitted to the infectious disease area of our hospital were randomly selected for the study.92 patients were divided into two groups using a computerized double-blind method for intervention.The control group received routine nursing management,while the observation group applied safety culture construction management.The effects of nursing management in the two groups were studied and compared.Results:Before management,the nursing management quality scores of the two groups were evaluated,showing little difference in various scores,and the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Through the implementation of nursing management,the scores of the two groups were significantly improved,and the observation group had significantly higher scores compared to the control group(P<0.05).Compared to the incidence of nursing risk events,the observation group(6.52%)was significantly lower than the control group(30.43%),and there was a significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05).The observation group had significantly higher satisfaction scores for nursing skills,health education,service attitude,and professionalism compared to the control group,indicating patient satisfaction with safety culture construction(P<0.05).Conclusion:Applying safety culture construction in nursing management of infectious disease areas has a preventive effect on nursing risk events and is beneficial for improving patients’risk cognition level.展开更多
The outbreak of COVID-19 pneumonia has had a serious impact on the world and has led to a greater awareness of the importance of infectious disease prevention and control.Biology is closely related to life sciences an...The outbreak of COVID-19 pneumonia has had a serious impact on the world and has led to a greater awareness of the importance of infectious disease prevention and control.Biology is closely related to life sciences and is an ideal discipline to penetrate infectious disease education.Conducting infectious disease prevention and control education can help increase students’knowledge of infectious disease prevention and control and prompt them to form good living habits.展开更多
Infectious diseases are a great threat to human health.Rapid and accurate detection of pathogens is important in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases.Metagenomics next-generation sequencing(mNGS)is an un...Infectious diseases are a great threat to human health.Rapid and accurate detection of pathogens is important in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases.Metagenomics next-generation sequencing(mNGS)is an unbiased and comprehensive approach for detecting all RNA and DNA in a sample.With the development of sequencing and bioinformatics technologies,mNGS is moving from research to clinical application,which opens a new avenue for pathogen detection.Numerous studies have revealed good potential for the clinical application of mNGS in infectious diseases,especially in difficult-to-detect,rare,and novel pathogens.However,there are several hurdles in the clinical application of mNGS,such as:(1)lack of universal workflow validation and quality assurance;(2)insensitivity to high-host background and low-biomass samples;and(3)lack of standardized instructions for mass data analysis and report interpretation.Therefore,a complete understanding of this new technology will help promote the clinical application of mNGS to infectious diseases.This review briefly introduces the history of next-generation sequencing,mainstream sequencing platforms,and mNGS workflow,and discusses the clinical applications of mNGS to infectious diseases and its advantages and disadvantages.展开更多
Infectious diseases are the common enemies of mankind.In the course of historical development,they persistently threaten human health and safety.Even today,despite the developments in medical science,we cannot escape ...Infectious diseases are the common enemies of mankind.In the course of historical development,they persistently threaten human health and safety.Even today,despite the developments in medical science,we cannot escape the fear and suffering caused by infectious diseases.Whether in ancient or modern times,the source of infection,route of transmission,and a susceptible population are the three key conditions for the prevalence and spread of infectious diseases.All factors closely related to these three conditions can affect the prevalence of infectious diseases.China is one of the cradles of world civilization.The ancient people accumulated a great deal of experience and lessons in the long struggle against infectious diseases.In the face of the current threat posed by widespread infectious disease,it is imperative to review and summarize ancient Chinese ideas and health policies on epidemic prevention and control to inspire contemporary efforts in the prevention and control of infectious disease.The combination of prevention-oriented epidemic prevention ideology and traditional medicine provides valuable insights,especially for impoverished and medically underserved regions.展开更多
The global incidence of infectious diseases has increased in recent years,posing a significant threat to human health.Hospitals typically serve as frontline institutions for detecting infectious diseases.However,accur...The global incidence of infectious diseases has increased in recent years,posing a significant threat to human health.Hospitals typically serve as frontline institutions for detecting infectious diseases.However,accurately identifying warning signals of infectious diseases in a timely manner,especially emerging infectious diseases,can be challenging.Consequently,there is a pressing need to integrate treatment and disease prevention data to conduct comprehensive analyses aimed at preventing and controlling infectious diseases within hospitals.This paper examines the role of medical data in the early identification of infectious diseases,explores early warning technologies for infectious disease recognition,and assesses monitoring and early warning mechanisms for infectious diseases.We propose that hospitals adopt novel multidimensional early warning technologies to mine and analyze medical data from various systems,in compliance with national strategies to integrate clinical treatment and disease prevention.Furthermore,hospitals should establish institution-specific,clinical-based early warning models for infectious diseases to actively monitor early signals and enhance preparedness for infectious disease prevention and control.展开更多
The current study used multivariable logistic regression analysis to investigate associations between the intake frequencies of 13 food groups(or four diet groups)and infectious diseases.The analysis included 487849 p...The current study used multivariable logistic regression analysis to investigate associations between the intake frequencies of 13 food groups(or four diet groups)and infectious diseases.The analysis included 487849 participants from the UK Biobank,with 75209 participants diagnosed with infectious diseases.Participants reporting the highest intake frequency of processed meat(odds ratio[OR]=1.0964,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.0622–1.1318)and red meat(OR=1.0895,95%CI:1.0563–1.1239)had a higher risk of infectious diseases,compared with those with the lowest intake frequency.Consuming fish 2.0–2.9 times(OR=0.8221,95%CI:0.7955–0.8496),cheese≥5.0 times(OR=0.8822,95%CI:0.8559–0.9092),fruit 3.0–3.9 servings(OR=0.8867,95%CI:0.8661–0.9078),and vegetables 2.0–2.9 servings(OR=0.9372,95%CI:0.9189–0.9559)per week were associated with a lower risk of infection.Low meat-eaters(OR=0.9404,95%CI:0.9243–0.9567),fish-eaters(OR=0.8391,95%CI:0.7887–0.8919),and vegetarians(OR=0.9154,95%CI:0.8561–0.9778)had a lower risk of infectious diseases,compared with regular meat-eaters.The mediation analysis revealed that glycosylated hemoglobin,white blood cell count,and body mass index served as the mediators in the associations between diet and infectious diseases.The current study indicates that the intake frequency of food groups is a risk factor for infectious diseases,and fish-eaters have a lower risk of infection.展开更多
Infectious diseases are a global public health problem,with emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases on the rise worldwide.Therefore,their prevention and treatment are still major challenges.Bile acids are common ...Infectious diseases are a global public health problem,with emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases on the rise worldwide.Therefore,their prevention and treatment are still major challenges.Bile acids are common metabolites in both hosts and microorganisms that play a significant role in controlling the metabolism of lipids,glucose,and energy.Bile acids have historically been utilized as first-line,valuable therapeutic agents for related metabolic and hepatobiliary diseases.Notably,bile acids are the major active ingredients of cow bezoar and bear bile,which are commonly used traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)with the therapeutic effects of clearing heat,detoxification,and relieving wind and spasm.In recent years,the promising performance of bile acids against infectious diseases has attracted attention from the scientific community.This paper reviews for the first time the biological activities,possible mechanisms,production routes,and potential applications of bile acids in the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases.Compared with previous reviews,we comprehensively summarize existing studies on the use of bile acids against infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms that are leading causes of global morbidity and mortality.In addition,to ensure a stable supply of bile acids at affordable prices,it is necessary to clarify the biosynthesis of bile acids in vivo,which will assist scientists in elucidating the accumulation of bile acids and discovering how to engineer various bile acids by means of chemosynthesis,biosynthesis,and chemoenzymatic synthesis.Finally,we explore the current challenges in the field and recommend a development strategy for bile-acid-based drugs and the sustainable production of bile acids.The presented studies suggest that bile acids are potential novel therapeutic agents for managing infectious diseases and can be artificially synthesized in a sustainable way.展开更多
Avian infectious bronchitis(IB)is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by infectious bronchitis virus(IBV),which is prevalent in many countries worldwide and causes serious harm to the poultry industry.At pre...Avian infectious bronchitis(IB)is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by infectious bronchitis virus(IBV),which is prevalent in many countries worldwide and causes serious harm to the poultry industry.At present,many commercial IBV vaccines have been used for the prevention and control of IB;however,IB outbreaks occur frequently.In this study,two new strains of IBV,SX/2106 and SX/2204,were isolated from two flocks which were immunized with IBV H120 vaccine in central China.Phylogenetic and recombination analysis indicated that SX/2106,which was clustered into the GI-19 lineage,may be derived from recombination events of the GI-19 and GI-7 strains and the LDT3-A vaccine.Genetic analysis showed that SX/2204 belongs to the GVI-1 lineage,which may have originated from the recombination of the GI-13 and GVI-1 strains and the H120 vaccine.The virus cross-neutralization test showed that the antigenicity of SX/2106 and SX/2204 was different from H120.Animal experiments found that both SX/2106 and SX/2204 could replicate effectively in the lungs and kidneys of chickens and cause disease and death,and H120 immunization could not provide effective protection against the two IBV isolates.It is noteworthy that the pathogenicity of SX/2204 has significantly increased compared to the GVI-1 strains isolated previously,with a mortality rate up to 60%.Considering the continuous mutation and recombination of the IBV genome to produce new variant strains,it is important to continuously monitor epidemic strains and develop new vaccines for the prevention and control of IBV epidemics.展开更多
Wound healing in diabetic ulcers remains a significant clinical challenge,primarily due to bacterial infection and impaired angiogenesis.Periplaneta americana extract(PAE)has been widely used to treat diabetic wounds,...Wound healing in diabetic ulcers remains a significant clinical challenge,primarily due to bacterial infection and impaired angiogenesis.Periplaneta americana extract(PAE)has been widely used to treat diabetic wounds,yet its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.This study aimed to elucidate these mechanisms by analyzing long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)expressions in the wound tissues from diabetic anal fistula patients treated with or without PAE,using high-throughput sequencing.Peripheral blood monocytes from patients were differentiated into M0 macrophages with human macrophage colony-stimulating factor(hMCSF)and subsequently polarized into M1 macrophages with lipopolysaccharide.The results indicated that LINC01133 and SLAMF9 were downregulated in wound tissues of patients treated with PAE.Furthermore,PAE suppressed M1 macrophage polarization and enhanced human umbilical vein endothelial cell(HUVEC)proliferation,migration,and angiogenesis.These effects were diminished when LINC01133 or SLAMF9 were overexpressed.Mechanistically,LINC01133 was shown to upregulate SLAMF9 through interaction with ELAVL1.Overexpression of SLAMF9 reversed the effects of LINC01133 silencing on macrophage polarization and HUVEC functions.In conclusion,PAE facilitates the healing of infected diabetic ulcers by downregulating the LINC01133/SLAMF9 pathway.展开更多
AIM:To describe the surgical procedure of fusiform penetrating keratoplasty(FPK)using multiple trephines of different sizes for treating patients with severe infectious keratitis.METHODS:Fourteen eyes underwent FPK,an...AIM:To describe the surgical procedure of fusiform penetrating keratoplasty(FPK)using multiple trephines of different sizes for treating patients with severe infectious keratitis.METHODS:Fourteen eyes underwent FPK,and 15 eyes received conventional penetrating keratoplasty(PK)were included in the study.The best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),refractive outcomes,endothelial cell density,and postoperative complications were recorded.RESULTS:The FPK group was followed for an average of 15.3±2.1mo,whereas the PK group was followed for 16.1±1.9mo.The corneal ulcers were elliptical-shaped in all 14 eyes in the FPK group.The mean BCVA(logMAR,0.26±0.13)showed no statistically significant differences from that in the PK group(logMAR,0.21±0.12,P>0.05)at 1y after surgery.But the mean curvature,mean astigmatism,and mean spherical equivalent in the FPK group were lower than those in the PK group(P<0.05).Peripheral anterior synechia was observed in one patient in the FPK group,whereas 6 patients in the PK group.Suture loosening and neovascularization were observed in 4 and 5 eyes in the PK group,respectively.No graft immune rejection or elevation of intraocular pressure was observed in the two groups.CONCLUSION:For patients with elliptical-shaped corneas or corneal ulcers,FPK can avoid disrupting of corneal limbus,reduce the risk of postoperative complications,and can result in satisfactory visual quality.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 72122001).
文摘Climate and weather significantly influence the duration,timing,and intensity of disease outbreaks,reshaping the global landscape of infectious diseases.Rising temperatures and shifts in precipitation patterns driven by climate change can directly impact the survival and reproduction of pathogens and vector organisms.Moreover,climate change is expected to exacerbate extreme weather events,including floods and droughts,which can disrupt infrastructure and increase the risk of waterand foodborne diseases.There are potential shifts in the temporal and spatial patterns of infectious disease transmission owing to climate change.Furthermore,climate change may alter the epidemiology of vaccine-preventable diseases.These climatic variations not only affect the ecological characteristics of pathogens and vectors but also indirectly influence human behaviors and socioeconomic conditions,further amplifying disease transmission risks.Addressing this challenge requires an interdisciplinary collaboration and comprehensive public health strategies.This review aims to synthesize the current evidence on the impact of climate change on climate-sensitive infectious diseases and elucidate the underlying mechanisms and transmission pathways.Additionally,we explored adaptive policy strategies to mitigate the public health burden of infectious diseases in the context of climate change,offering insights for global health governance and disease control efforts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32370703)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(2022-I2M-1-021,2021-I2M-1-061)the Major Project of Guangzhou National Labora-tory(GZNL2024A01015).
文摘Viral infectious diseases,characterized by their intricate nature and wide-ranging diversity,pose substantial challenges in the domain of data management.The vast volume of data generated by these diseases,spanning from the molecular mechanisms within cells to large-scale epidemiological patterns,has surpassed the capabilities of traditional analytical methods.In the era of artificial intelligence(AI)and big data,there is an urgent necessity for the optimization of these analytical methods to more effectively handle and utilize the information.Despite the rapid accumulation of data associated with viral infections,the lack of a comprehensive framework for integrating,selecting,and analyzing these datasets has left numerous researchers uncertain about which data to select,how to access it,and how to utilize it most effectively in their research.This review endeavors to fill these gaps by exploring the multifaceted nature of viral infectious diseases and summarizing relevant data across multiple levels,from the molecular details of pathogens to broad epidemiological trends.The scope extends from the micro-scale to the macro-scale,encompassing pathogens,hosts,and vectors.In addition to data summarization,this review thoroughly investigates various dataset sources.It also traces the historical evolution of data collection in the field of viral infectious diseases,highlighting the progress achieved over time.Simultaneously,it evaluates the current limitations that impede data utilization.Furthermore,we propose strategies to surmount these challenges,focusing on the development and application of advanced computational techniques,AI-driven models,and enhanced data integration practices.By providing a comprehensive synthesis of existing knowledge,this review is designed to guide future research and contribute to more informed approaches in the surveillance,prevention,and control of viral infectious diseases,particularly within the context of the expanding big-data landscape.
基金funded by the National Science Foundation grant(IOS-1900377),received by QLM and EPSCoR GRSP Round 19 grant received by SVTW.
文摘Extracellular vesicles(EVs)have arisen as potential therapeutic tools in managing infectious diseases because EVs can regulate cell-to-cell signaling,function as drug transport mechanisms,and influence immune reactions.They are obtained from a myriad of sources,such as plants,humans,and animal cells.EVs like exosomes and ectosomes can be utilized in their native form as therapeutics or engineered to encompass antimicrobials,vaccines,and oligonucleotides of interest with a targeted delivery strategy.An in-depth understanding of host-pathogen dynamics provides a solid foundation for exploiting its full potential in therapeutics against infectious diseases.This review mainly offers an extensive summary of EVs,comprising their various origins,formations,and pathogen relationships.It further provides insights into the various techniques utilized in isolating and engineering these vesicles to target infectious diseases and how challenges involving large-scale production and cargo loading efficiency should be addressed for clinical application.Finally,preclinical and clinical implementations of EVs derived from animals,plants,and microorganisms are elucidated,stressing their promise for designing innovative antimicrobial approaches.
文摘The skin,being the largest organ in the human body,is susceptible to a wide array of diseases,particularly infectious skin diseases.Some of these skin conditions are chronic and challenging to treat,markedly impacting the quality of life for those affected.Moreover,some chronic skin diseases necessitate the prolonged use of antibiotics,rendering antibiotic resistance inevitable.As the problem of antibiotic resistance grows increasingly severe,finding alternative treatment options to antibiotics becomes crucial.Moxibustion,an integral component of traditional Chinese medicine,stands out as a distinctive external therapy.With a storied history in the realm of dermatological treatment,moxibustion has amassed a wealth of clinical expertise and holds certain advantages,offering viable options for managing skin conditions.Nevertheless,given the diversity of skin diseases,the application of moxibustion in dermatology requires further exploration and comprehensive research.Furthermore,the quality of current moxibustion research needs enhancement,necessitating the conduct of high-quality randomized controlled trials to facilitate the integration of moxibustion into dermatological practice.The mechanism of action for moxibustion is intricate,encompassing thermal effect,light effect,and the pharmacological effect resulting from the burning of moxa.This article aims to encapsulate the mechanisms of moxibustion and its utilization in prevalent infectious skin conditions,while also outlining existing challenges and prospective avenues for development.
文摘The relationship between genetics and infectious diseases is important in shaping our understanding of disease susceptibility,progression,and treatment.Recent research shows the impact of genetic variations,such as heme-oxygenase promoter length,on diseases like malaria and sepsis,revealing both protective and inconclusive effects.Studies on vaccine responses highlight genetic markers like human leukocyte antigens,emphasizing the potential for personalized immunization strategies.The ongoing battle against drug-resistant tuberculosis(TB)illustrates the complexity of genomic variants in predicting resistance,highlighting the need for integrated diagnostic tools.Additionally,genome-wide association studies reveal antibiotic resistance mechanisms in bacterial genomes,while host genetic polymorphisms,such as those in solute carrier family 11 member 1 and vitamin D receptor,demonstrate their role in TB susceptibility.Advanced techniques like metagenomic next-generation sequencing promise detailed pathogen detection but face challenges in cost and accessibility.A case report involving a highly virulent Mycobacterium TB strain with the pks1 gene further highlights the need for genetic insights in understanding disease severity and developing targeted interventions.This evolving landscape emphasizes the role of genetics in infectious diseases,while also addressing the need for standardized studies and accessible technologies.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1801000)the Heyuan Branch,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project(DT20220003)+1 种基金the construction project of modern agricultural science and technology innovation alliance in Guangdong province(2023KJ128)Provincial Science and Technology Special Fund Project for Zhongshan City(major special project+ Task list management mode)(2021sdr003).
文摘Infectious bronchitis(IB),a highly contagious acute respiratory disease affecting avian species,poses significant challenges to poultry production.The causative agent,infectious bronchitis virus(IBV),exhibits a high mutation rate,leading to limited cross-protection by existing vaccines.This necessitates the development of novel vaccines.This study,based on preliminary investigations conducted by our research team,identified six potential strains(PYG QX1,ZQF QX2,FQH QX3,LYZ QX4,XXX QX5,and CSL strains)for vaccine development.Previous pathogenicity test and serum cross-neutralization experiments conducted in this study have demonstrated that the FQH QX3 strain exhibited the weakest pathogenicity and the broadest spectrum of serum neutralization,while the CSL strain showed the highest pathogenicity and was the most challenging to neutralize,posing the greatest difficulty in prevention and control.Subsequently,we constructed and rescued recombinant vaccine candidates,H120-FQH QX3,and H120-CSL,expressing the S1 and N proteins of the FQH QX3 and CSL strains,respectively.Immunization protection experiments indicated that the H120-CSL recombinant vaccine candidate exhibited the most effective immune protection,making it a promising candidate for further study and evaluation as a recombinant vaccine.The S1 and N genes of the CSL strain demonstrated strong immunogenicity,making them potential candidate antigen genes for future vaccine development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32470160)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2300100,GZNL2023A01008)+2 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(#JSGG20200225150431472,JSGG20210901145403012,and JSGG20220301090005007)the“Pearl River Talent Plan”Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Project of Guangdong Province(2016LJ06Y540 and 2019ZT08Y464)the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province,China(2021B1212040017).
文摘Rapid and accurate detection of infectious virus particles, not just viral nucleic acid, is essential to avoid unnecessary quarantine and effectively control the spread of viral diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was the most widely used detection technique during the COVID-19 outbreak. However, it cannot discriminate between intact infectious viruses and surface-distorted, non-infectious virus particles or naked viral RNA. In this study, we present a strategy for the specific detection of infectious coronaviruses by combining viral receptor capture and reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). We successfully applied this strategy to detect infectious virus particles of the SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus and the human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63). Virus particles were first captured on ELISA plates coated with the recombinant human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor. Viral RNA was then extracted from the particles and detected by RT-LAMP using virus-specific primers. In our experimental setting, the proposed method had a minimum detection limit (LOD) of 90 PFU/mL, sensitivity of 96.2%, and specificity of 100%. Our study provides a proof-of-concept that viral receptor capture combined with RT-LAMP can differentiate infectious coronaviruses from non-infectious virions or naked viral RNA. This paves the way for this virus detection strategy to become a mainstream tool for the management, prevention and control of epidemic coronavirus diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China(Nos.82202726,82370929)the National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(No.Z20192013)+5 种基金Key research and development project of Sichuan Science and Technology Department(No.2023YFG0219)"Zeroto One" Innovation Research Project of Sichuan University(No.2022SCUH0014)Frontiers Medical Center,Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory Foundation(No.TFJC2023010001)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2022NSFSC0002)Sichuan Province Youth Science and Technology Innovation Team(No.2022JDTD0021)Research and Develop Program,West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University(Nos.RD03202302,RCDWJS2024-1)。
文摘The technology of three dimensional(3D) printing,also known as additive manufacturing,is a cuttingedge type of fabrication method that utilizes a computer-aided design platform and employs layer-bylayer stacking to construct objects with exceptional flexibility.Due to its capacity to produce a substantial quantity of products within a short period of time,3D printing has emerged as one of the most significant manufacturing technology.Over the past two decades,remarkable advancements have been made in the application of 3D printing technology in the realm of bone tissue engineering.This review presents an innovative and systematic discussion on the potential application of 3D printing technology in bone tissue engineering,particularly in the treatment of infected bone defects.It comprehensively evaluates the materials utilized in 3D printing,highlights the interplay between cells and bone regeneration,and addresses and resolves challenges associated with current 3D printing technology.These challenges include material selection,fabrication of intricate 3D structures,integration of different cell types,streamlining design processes and material selection procedures,enhancing the clinical translational potential of 3D printing technology,and ultimately exploring future applications of four dimensional(4D) printing technology.The 3D printing technology has demonstrated significant potential in the synthesis of bone substitutes,offering consistent mechanical properties and ease of use.It has found extensive applications in personalized implant customization,prosthetic limb manufacturing,surgical tool production,tissue engineering,biological modeling,and cell diagnostics.Simultaneously,3D bioprinting provides an effective solution to address the issue of organ donor shortage.However,challenges still exist in material selection,management of structural complexity,integration of different cell types,and construction of functionally mature tissues.With advancements in multi-material printing techniques as well as bioprinting and 4D printing technologies emerging on the horizon;3D printing holds immense prospects for revolutionizing the means by which infectious bone defects are repaired.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(Nos.2022GXNSFAA035505 and 2024GXNSFAA010164)the Key Research&Development Program of Guangxi(No.GuiKe2024AB08057)+1 种基金the Guangxi Medical and Health Suitable Technology Development and Popularization Applications Project(Nos.S2023093 and S2021084)the Major Talent Project of Guangxi Autonomous Region.
文摘Infectious wound healing is complicated with and limited by infection and oxidative stress at the wound site.In recent years,various evidences suggest that nanozymes with multiple enzymatic activities have enabled the development of novel strategies for infectious wound healing.In this study,epigallocatechin gallate loaded polydopamine(P@E)was developed to act as a potent reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenger for scavenging ROS,alleviating inflammatory responses,and promoting infectious wound healing.Combining with near infrared(NIR)irradiation,P@E presented excellent antibacterial ability of Escherichia coli(E.coli,93.6%)and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA,87.6%).Specifically,P@E+NIR exhibited the most potent antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and cell proliferation behaviors through downregulating intracellular ROS levels(81.9%and 94.3%for NIH3T3 and RAW264.7 respectively)and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)expression level(55.7%),and up-regulating the expression levels of arginase-1(Arg-1,71.4%),heat shock protein 70(HSP70,48.6%)and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule(CD31,35.3%)compared to control group.Meanwhile,it also efficiently induced M2 directional polarization of lipopolysaccharide induced murine macrophages to achieve anti-inflammation,indicated by the down-regulation of CD86(86.2%),and up-regulation of CD206(85.6%).Significantly,it was also observed that P@E+NIR presented the excellent behaviors of inhibiting wound infection,alleviating wound inflammation,as well as promoting skin tissue repairing.Altogether,it has developed the strategy of using P@E combining with NIR irradiation for the synergistic enhanced healing of infectious skin wound,which can serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for its clinical treatment.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT),Republic of Korea(1711185759).
文摘Governments worldwide have implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)to control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and it is crucial to accurately assess the effectiveness of such measures.Many studies have quantified the risk of infection transmission and used simulations to compare the risk before and after the implementation of NPIs to judge policies’effectiveness.However,the choice of metric used to quantify the risk can lead to different conclusions regarding the effectiveness of a policy.In this study,we analyze the correlation between different transmission-risk metrics,pedestrian environments,and types of infectious diseases using simulation-generated data.Our findings reveal conflicting results among five different metric types in specific environments.More specifically,we observe that,when the randomness of pedestrian trajectories in indoor spaces is low,the closeness centrality exhibits a higher correlation coefficient with infection-based metrics than with contact-based metrics.Furthermore,even within the same pedestrian environment,the likelihood of discrepancies between infection-based metrics and other metrics increases for infectious diseases with low transmission rates.These results highlight the variability in the measured effectiveness of NPIs depending on the chosen metric.To evaluate NPIs accurately,facility managers should consider the type of facility and infectious disease and not solely rely on a single metric.This study provides a simulation model as a tool for future research and improves the reliability of pedestrian-simulation-based NPI effectiveness analysis methods.
文摘Objective:To explore the effect of applying safety culture construction in nursing management of infectious disease areas.Methods:During the one-year period from January 2024 to December 2024,patients admitted to the infectious disease area of our hospital were randomly selected for the study.92 patients were divided into two groups using a computerized double-blind method for intervention.The control group received routine nursing management,while the observation group applied safety culture construction management.The effects of nursing management in the two groups were studied and compared.Results:Before management,the nursing management quality scores of the two groups were evaluated,showing little difference in various scores,and the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Through the implementation of nursing management,the scores of the two groups were significantly improved,and the observation group had significantly higher scores compared to the control group(P<0.05).Compared to the incidence of nursing risk events,the observation group(6.52%)was significantly lower than the control group(30.43%),and there was a significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05).The observation group had significantly higher satisfaction scores for nursing skills,health education,service attitude,and professionalism compared to the control group,indicating patient satisfaction with safety culture construction(P<0.05).Conclusion:Applying safety culture construction in nursing management of infectious disease areas has a preventive effect on nursing risk events and is beneficial for improving patients’risk cognition level.
基金Anqing Normal University School-Level Teaching and Research Project(2022aqnujyxm32)Anqing Normal University Provincial Graduate Online CourseAnhui Province Graduate Student Online Course on Animal Ecology。
文摘The outbreak of COVID-19 pneumonia has had a serious impact on the world and has led to a greater awareness of the importance of infectious disease prevention and control.Biology is closely related to life sciences and is an ideal discipline to penetrate infectious disease education.Conducting infectious disease prevention and control education can help increase students’knowledge of infectious disease prevention and control and prompt them to form good living habits.
基金supported by the Medicine and Health,Science and Technology Plan Project of Zhejiang(Nos.2020KY1009 and 2021KY387)the Jinhua Science and Technology Planning Project Social Development Key Project(No.2021-3-072),China.
文摘Infectious diseases are a great threat to human health.Rapid and accurate detection of pathogens is important in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases.Metagenomics next-generation sequencing(mNGS)is an unbiased and comprehensive approach for detecting all RNA and DNA in a sample.With the development of sequencing and bioinformatics technologies,mNGS is moving from research to clinical application,which opens a new avenue for pathogen detection.Numerous studies have revealed good potential for the clinical application of mNGS in infectious diseases,especially in difficult-to-detect,rare,and novel pathogens.However,there are several hurdles in the clinical application of mNGS,such as:(1)lack of universal workflow validation and quality assurance;(2)insensitivity to high-host background and low-biomass samples;and(3)lack of standardized instructions for mass data analysis and report interpretation.Therefore,a complete understanding of this new technology will help promote the clinical application of mNGS to infectious diseases.This review briefly introduces the history of next-generation sequencing,mainstream sequencing platforms,and mNGS workflow,and discusses the clinical applications of mNGS to infectious diseases and its advantages and disadvantages.
文摘Infectious diseases are the common enemies of mankind.In the course of historical development,they persistently threaten human health and safety.Even today,despite the developments in medical science,we cannot escape the fear and suffering caused by infectious diseases.Whether in ancient or modern times,the source of infection,route of transmission,and a susceptible population are the three key conditions for the prevalence and spread of infectious diseases.All factors closely related to these three conditions can affect the prevalence of infectious diseases.China is one of the cradles of world civilization.The ancient people accumulated a great deal of experience and lessons in the long struggle against infectious diseases.In the face of the current threat posed by widespread infectious disease,it is imperative to review and summarize ancient Chinese ideas and health policies on epidemic prevention and control to inspire contemporary efforts in the prevention and control of infectious disease.The combination of prevention-oriented epidemic prevention ideology and traditional medicine provides valuable insights,especially for impoverished and medically underserved regions.
文摘The global incidence of infectious diseases has increased in recent years,posing a significant threat to human health.Hospitals typically serve as frontline institutions for detecting infectious diseases.However,accurately identifying warning signals of infectious diseases in a timely manner,especially emerging infectious diseases,can be challenging.Consequently,there is a pressing need to integrate treatment and disease prevention data to conduct comprehensive analyses aimed at preventing and controlling infectious diseases within hospitals.This paper examines the role of medical data in the early identification of infectious diseases,explores early warning technologies for infectious disease recognition,and assesses monitoring and early warning mechanisms for infectious diseases.We propose that hospitals adopt novel multidimensional early warning technologies to mine and analyze medical data from various systems,in compliance with national strategies to integrate clinical treatment and disease prevention.Furthermore,hospitals should establish institution-specific,clinical-based early warning models for infectious diseases to actively monitor early signals and enhance preparedness for infectious disease prevention and control.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82173585 and 82273741)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(Grant Nos.21KJB330005 and 22KJB330007)+1 种基金the Nanjing Major Science and Technology Project(Grant No.2021-11005)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘The current study used multivariable logistic regression analysis to investigate associations between the intake frequencies of 13 food groups(or four diet groups)and infectious diseases.The analysis included 487849 participants from the UK Biobank,with 75209 participants diagnosed with infectious diseases.Participants reporting the highest intake frequency of processed meat(odds ratio[OR]=1.0964,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.0622–1.1318)and red meat(OR=1.0895,95%CI:1.0563–1.1239)had a higher risk of infectious diseases,compared with those with the lowest intake frequency.Consuming fish 2.0–2.9 times(OR=0.8221,95%CI:0.7955–0.8496),cheese≥5.0 times(OR=0.8822,95%CI:0.8559–0.9092),fruit 3.0–3.9 servings(OR=0.8867,95%CI:0.8661–0.9078),and vegetables 2.0–2.9 servings(OR=0.9372,95%CI:0.9189–0.9559)per week were associated with a lower risk of infection.Low meat-eaters(OR=0.9404,95%CI:0.9243–0.9567),fish-eaters(OR=0.8391,95%CI:0.7887–0.8919),and vegetarians(OR=0.9154,95%CI:0.8561–0.9778)had a lower risk of infectious diseases,compared with regular meat-eaters.The mediation analysis revealed that glycosylated hemoglobin,white blood cell count,and body mass index served as the mediators in the associations between diet and infectious diseases.The current study indicates that the intake frequency of food groups is a risk factor for infectious diseases,and fish-eaters have a lower risk of infection.
基金funded by the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CACMS)Innovation Fund(CI2021A00601)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(ZZ16-YQ-037 and JJPY2022022)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2021B017-09).
文摘Infectious diseases are a global public health problem,with emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases on the rise worldwide.Therefore,their prevention and treatment are still major challenges.Bile acids are common metabolites in both hosts and microorganisms that play a significant role in controlling the metabolism of lipids,glucose,and energy.Bile acids have historically been utilized as first-line,valuable therapeutic agents for related metabolic and hepatobiliary diseases.Notably,bile acids are the major active ingredients of cow bezoar and bear bile,which are commonly used traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)with the therapeutic effects of clearing heat,detoxification,and relieving wind and spasm.In recent years,the promising performance of bile acids against infectious diseases has attracted attention from the scientific community.This paper reviews for the first time the biological activities,possible mechanisms,production routes,and potential applications of bile acids in the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases.Compared with previous reviews,we comprehensively summarize existing studies on the use of bile acids against infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms that are leading causes of global morbidity and mortality.In addition,to ensure a stable supply of bile acids at affordable prices,it is necessary to clarify the biosynthesis of bile acids in vivo,which will assist scientists in elucidating the accumulation of bile acids and discovering how to engineer various bile acids by means of chemosynthesis,biosynthesis,and chemoenzymatic synthesis.Finally,we explore the current challenges in the field and recommend a development strategy for bile-acid-based drugs and the sustainable production of bile acids.The presented studies suggest that bile acids are potential novel therapeutic agents for managing infectious diseases and can be artificially synthesized in a sustainable way.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32202788)the Special Research Fund of Shanxi Agricultural University for High-level Talents,China(2021XG004)+3 种基金the Fund for Shanxi“1331 Project”,China(20211331-13)the Shanxi Province Excellent Doctoral Work Award-Scientific Research Project,China(SXBYKY2021063,SXBYKY2021005,and SXBYKY 2022014)the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of Shanxi Province,China(2023CYJSTX15-13)the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province,China(202103021224156)。
文摘Avian infectious bronchitis(IB)is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by infectious bronchitis virus(IBV),which is prevalent in many countries worldwide and causes serious harm to the poultry industry.At present,many commercial IBV vaccines have been used for the prevention and control of IB;however,IB outbreaks occur frequently.In this study,two new strains of IBV,SX/2106 and SX/2204,were isolated from two flocks which were immunized with IBV H120 vaccine in central China.Phylogenetic and recombination analysis indicated that SX/2106,which was clustered into the GI-19 lineage,may be derived from recombination events of the GI-19 and GI-7 strains and the LDT3-A vaccine.Genetic analysis showed that SX/2204 belongs to the GVI-1 lineage,which may have originated from the recombination of the GI-13 and GVI-1 strains and the H120 vaccine.The virus cross-neutralization test showed that the antigenicity of SX/2106 and SX/2204 was different from H120.Animal experiments found that both SX/2106 and SX/2204 could replicate effectively in the lungs and kidneys of chickens and cause disease and death,and H120 immunization could not provide effective protection against the two IBV isolates.It is noteworthy that the pathogenicity of SX/2204 has significantly increased compared to the GVI-1 strains isolated previously,with a mortality rate up to 60%.Considering the continuous mutation and recombination of the IBV genome to produce new variant strains,it is important to continuously monitor epidemic strains and develop new vaccines for the prevention and control of IBV epidemics.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2021JJ30516).
文摘Wound healing in diabetic ulcers remains a significant clinical challenge,primarily due to bacterial infection and impaired angiogenesis.Periplaneta americana extract(PAE)has been widely used to treat diabetic wounds,yet its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.This study aimed to elucidate these mechanisms by analyzing long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)expressions in the wound tissues from diabetic anal fistula patients treated with or without PAE,using high-throughput sequencing.Peripheral blood monocytes from patients were differentiated into M0 macrophages with human macrophage colony-stimulating factor(hMCSF)and subsequently polarized into M1 macrophages with lipopolysaccharide.The results indicated that LINC01133 and SLAMF9 were downregulated in wound tissues of patients treated with PAE.Furthermore,PAE suppressed M1 macrophage polarization and enhanced human umbilical vein endothelial cell(HUVEC)proliferation,migration,and angiogenesis.These effects were diminished when LINC01133 or SLAMF9 were overexpressed.Mechanistically,LINC01133 was shown to upregulate SLAMF9 through interaction with ELAVL1.Overexpression of SLAMF9 reversed the effects of LINC01133 silencing on macrophage polarization and HUVEC functions.In conclusion,PAE facilitates the healing of infected diabetic ulcers by downregulating the LINC01133/SLAMF9 pathway.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81900907,No.81870639)Taishan Scholar Program (No.20231255).
文摘AIM:To describe the surgical procedure of fusiform penetrating keratoplasty(FPK)using multiple trephines of different sizes for treating patients with severe infectious keratitis.METHODS:Fourteen eyes underwent FPK,and 15 eyes received conventional penetrating keratoplasty(PK)were included in the study.The best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),refractive outcomes,endothelial cell density,and postoperative complications were recorded.RESULTS:The FPK group was followed for an average of 15.3±2.1mo,whereas the PK group was followed for 16.1±1.9mo.The corneal ulcers were elliptical-shaped in all 14 eyes in the FPK group.The mean BCVA(logMAR,0.26±0.13)showed no statistically significant differences from that in the PK group(logMAR,0.21±0.12,P>0.05)at 1y after surgery.But the mean curvature,mean astigmatism,and mean spherical equivalent in the FPK group were lower than those in the PK group(P<0.05).Peripheral anterior synechia was observed in one patient in the FPK group,whereas 6 patients in the PK group.Suture loosening and neovascularization were observed in 4 and 5 eyes in the PK group,respectively.No graft immune rejection or elevation of intraocular pressure was observed in the two groups.CONCLUSION:For patients with elliptical-shaped corneas or corneal ulcers,FPK can avoid disrupting of corneal limbus,reduce the risk of postoperative complications,and can result in satisfactory visual quality.
