Childhood neuroblastoma,a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in young children,accounts for approximately 8%-10%of pediatric cancers1.Originating from neural crest cells of the sympathetic nervous system,these ...Childhood neuroblastoma,a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in young children,accounts for approximately 8%-10%of pediatric cancers1.Originating from neural crest cells of the sympathetic nervous system,these tumors affect primarily children younger than 5 years of age and are often diagnosed in advanced stages,because of their aggressive nature and vague early symptoms2-4.展开更多
In 2022,cervical cancer accounted for approximately 662,301 new cases worldwide,representing 6.9%of all cancers diagnosed in women.Furthermore,it was the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women~1.In ...In 2022,cervical cancer accounted for approximately 662,301 new cases worldwide,representing 6.9%of all cancers diagnosed in women.Furthermore,it was the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women~1.In China,human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination is not included in the National Immunization Program,thus creating marked urban±rural disparities:only 5.7%of rural children are vaccinated~2.Local publicly funded initiatives have increased vaccination uptake in some cities(e.g.,Shenzhen pilot;Jinan first-dose coverage>90%among eligible girls)~(3,4).展开更多
Background: Socioeconomic factors influence health outcomes and the distribution of health resources within and between countries globally. In Nigeria, there are various socio-economic factors that have been reported ...Background: Socioeconomic factors influence health outcomes and the distribution of health resources within and between countries globally. In Nigeria, there are various socio-economic factors that have been reported to be responsible for health inequities across the different geopolitical zones. Objective: To assess health inequities in relation to socio-economic factors that affect access to essential health care services in Nigeria, using family planning, maternal care, and childcare as indicators. Method: The study involved a cross-sectional secondary analysis of data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) and a literature review of transdisciplinary approaches to addressing health inequities. Result: The overall result from the findings suggests a strong influence of geographical and socioeconomic factors in the distribution of healthcare services. Specifically, family planning services were more readily available and accessible in the Southern zones of Nigeria than in the Northern zone of Nigeria, which could be attributed to socio-cultural, religious, and access-related barriers. Results also showed that access to most maternal and child health care services was often skewed towards the southern zones, which could be due to the presence of more healthcare workers who provide these services coupled with higher access to maternal care, hence a higher uptake and utilization of maternal care services. Also, children in the northern zones had lesser odds of receiving basic and age-appropriate vaccination than those in other regions, which could be attributed to the supply-side disparities that exist between the northern and southern regions. Conclusion: This study concludes that level of educational attainment, wealth quintiles, as well as financial barriers, are the major socio-economic factors that influence access to maternal and childcare services.展开更多
This study comprehensively reviews the literature to deeply explore the role of computer science and internet technologies in addressing educational inequality and socio-psychological issues,with a particular focus on...This study comprehensively reviews the literature to deeply explore the role of computer science and internet technologies in addressing educational inequality and socio-psychological issues,with a particular focus on applications of 5G,artificial intelligence(AI),and augmented/virtual reality(AR/VR).By analyzing how these technologies are reshaping learning and their potential to ameliorate educational disparities,the study reveals challenges present in ensuring educational equity.The research methodology includes exhaustive reviews of applications of AI and machine learning,the Internet of Things and wearable technologies integration,big data analytics and data mining,and the effects of online platforms and social media on socio-psychological issues.Besides,the study discusses applications of these technologies in educational inequality and socio-psychological problem-solving through the lens of 5G,AI,and AR/VR,while also delineating challenges faced by these emerging technologies and future outlooks.The study finds that while computer science and internet technologies hold promise to bridge academic divides and address socio-psychological problems,the complexity of technology access and infrastructure,lack of digital literacy and skills,and critical ethical and privacy issues can impact widespread adoption and efficacy.Overall,the study provides a novel perspective to understand the potential of computer science and internet technologies in ameliorating educational inequality and socio-psychological issues,while pointing to new directions for future research.It also emphasizes the importance of cooperation among educational institutions,technology vendors,policymakers and researchers,and establishing comprehensive ethical guidelines and regulations to ensure the responsible use of these technologies.展开更多
In this paper,we study the uniqueness of positive solutions to the following semilinear equations{-Δu=λ|x|^(α)ue^(u^(2)),in B_(1),u=0,onδB_(1)ueu2;in B_(1);u=0;on@B_(1);whereλ>0,α>-2;B_(1)denotes the unit ...In this paper,we study the uniqueness of positive solutions to the following semilinear equations{-Δu=λ|x|^(α)ue^(u^(2)),in B_(1),u=0,onδB_(1)ueu2;in B_(1);u=0;on@B_(1);whereλ>0,α>-2;B_(1)denotes the unit disk in R^(2):By delicate and relatively complicated computation of radial solutions to the above equation and the asymptotic expansion of solutions near the boundary of B_(1),the uniqueness of positive solutions is obtained.The results of this paper extend the uniqueness result for the semilinear equation with critical exponential growth in CHEN et al.(2022)to the case that includes a Henon term.展开更多
In this paper,we first establish refined versions of the Bohr inequalities for the class of holomorphic functions from the unit ball BX of a complex Banach space X into ℂ.As applications,we will establish refined Bohr...In this paper,we first establish refined versions of the Bohr inequalities for the class of holomorphic functions from the unit ball BX of a complex Banach space X into ℂ.As applications,we will establish refined Bohr inequalities of functional type or of norm type for holomorphic mappings with lacunary series on the unit ball BX with values in higher dimensional spaces.Next,we obtain the Bohr-Rogosinski inequality for the class of holomorphic functions on BX.In addition,we establish an improved version of the Bohr inequality for holomorphic functions on BX.All the results are proved to be sharp.展开更多
In this paper we investigates the problem of inequalities on Riemannian manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature.By employing the method of Jia-Wang-Xia-Zhang,two types of results on geometric inequalities are obtai...In this paper we investigates the problem of inequalities on Riemannian manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature.By employing the method of Jia-Wang-Xia-Zhang,two types of results on geometric inequalities are obtained,generalizing the results of Jia-Wang-Xia-Zhang.展开更多
Background:Cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is a powerful predictor of mortality and chronic disease risk,yet global patterns and determinants of CRF remain poorly defined,particularly in females and underrepresented pop...Background:Cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is a powerful predictor of mortality and chronic disease risk,yet global patterns and determinants of CRF remain poorly defined,particularly in females and underrepresented populations.We conducted a systematic review and quantitative synthesis of directly measured peak oxygen uptake(VO_(2peak))internationally and examined its association with human development and gender ine quality.Methods:Studies were eligible if VO_(2peak)was assessed via direct gas analysis during maximal exercise testing,and if the countries had scores for the Human Development Index(HDI)and Gender Inequality Index(GII).Studies were identified through MEDLINE/PubMed,Embase,CINAHL,and Web of Science.Risks of bias were assessed by an adaptation of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Multivariable linear regression models examined associations between VO_(2peak),age,sex,exercise modality,HDI,GII,and study year.Results:Data included 95 studies from 24 countries with HDI and GII scores,comprising 119,435 adults(42%females)with VO_(2peak)assessed via direct gas analysis during maximal exercise testing.The risk of bias was low.VO_(2peak)was positively associated with HDI(β=14.1)and negatively associated with GII(β=-3.6).Slightly stronger associations were observed in females than males(HDI:β=18.9 vs.β=13.9,GII:β=-4.6vs.β=-3.6).Young females in middle-HDI countries had higher VO_(2peak)than those in low-HDI countries(31.2mL/kg/min vs.28.5 mL/kg/min),with limited additional gams in high-HDI contexts.VO_(2peak)decreased with higher gender inequality,with the largest disparities observed in young females between high-and low-GII countries(26.3 mL/kg/min vs.32.8 mL/kg/min).Conclusion:Global variation in CRF is tied to national levels of human development and gender equality.These findings support prioritizing structural and policy-level interventions that address social and gender disparities in physical activity access and health promotion.Studies from countries with lower HDI and information on ethnicity and socioeconomic status will bridge crucial gaps in understanding factors involved in global CRF levels.展开更多
In this paper,our main goal is to study a new mathematical model which describes the frictional contact between a foundation and a deformable body which is composed of viscoplastic materials and where the process is c...In this paper,our main goal is to study a new mathematical model which describes the frictional contact between a foundation and a deformable body which is composed of viscoplastic materials and where the process is considered dynamic.The contact condition on the normal plane is modeled by a unilateral constraint condition for a version of normal velocity in which the memory effect and the adhesion are considered.On the tangential plane a frictional contact condition is governed by the Clarke subdifferential of a locally Lipschitz function,and the evolution of the bonding field is governed by an ordinary differential equation.We formulate this problem as coupled system that consists of two ordinary differential equations and a variational-hemivariational inequality.Then,the existence,uniqueness and continuous dependence of the solution on the data results concerning the abstract system are established.Finally,we use the abstract results to show the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the contact problem.展开更多
Ambient fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))pollution causes the largest environmental health risk globally,yet ex-posure levels and the resulting health risks vary across countries with different income levels.Global we...Ambient fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))pollution causes the largest environmental health risk globally,yet ex-posure levels and the resulting health risks vary across countries with different income levels.Global wealth inequality has intensified in recent years,yet the relationship between wealth inequality and health risks related to PM_(2.5) pollution remains poorly understood.In this study,we evaluated the global mortality and health cost at-tributable to PM_(2.5) exposure from 2017 to 2021,and analyzed the relationship between wealth inequality,PM_(2.5) pollution,and the associated health risks across regions with varying economic levels.We found a consistent decline in mortalities and health costs attributable to PM_(2.5) exposure from 2017 to 2020,followed by a rebound after 2020,driven primarily by the resurgence of PM_(2.5) concentrations and a deceleration in the reduction of baseline mortality rates.We also found that the average PM_(2.5) concentration and associated risks decrease as domestic wealth inequality decreases and national income level increases.However,regions with extremely high levels of wealth inequality consistently show lower national average PM_(2.5) concentrations and health risks.These findings highlight the need to consider healthcare security during emergencies,as well as policy fairness across economic regions,in the formulation of global PM_(2.5) pollution control measures to promote sustainable,more equitable economic growth and coordinated air pollution management.展开更多
In recent years,researchers have extensively investigated the Hankel determinant,which consists of coefficients appearing in a holomorphic function’s Taylor-Maclaurin series.Hankel matrices are widely used in Markov ...In recent years,researchers have extensively investigated the Hankel determinant,which consists of coefficients appearing in a holomorphic function’s Taylor-Maclaurin series.Hankel matrices are widely used in Markov processes,non-stationary signals,and other mathematical disciplines.The aim of the current research article is to first improve the bounds of coefficient-related problems by employing the well-known Carathéodory function.The problems that we are going to improve were obtained by Tang et al.The sharp estimates of the most difficult problem of geometric function theory known as the third-order Hankel determinant are also contributed here.Zalcman and Fekete-Szegöinequalities are also studied here for the defined family of holomorphic functions.展开更多
Unequal virtual water transfer may aggravate local water scarcity risk.However,the quantitative confirmation of a clear geographic convergence between virtual water transfer and water scarcity risk remains undetermine...Unequal virtual water transfer may aggravate local water scarcity risk.However,the quantitative confirmation of a clear geographic convergence between virtual water transfer and water scarcity risk remains undetermined.We present an analytical framework that reveals the spatial matching between global water scarcity risk and virtual water trade inequality.This framework integrates a three-dimensional water scarcity risk assessment,hybrid input-output analysis,pollution trade term construction,and geographic convergence identification.The framework is applied to 123 countries for long-term validation from 1991 to 2021.We show that despite global improvements in water efficiency and security,countries exceeding the maximum water vulnerability threshold have increased by 50%.South Asia is the largest net exporter of virtual water.Central Asia exhibits the most pronounced virtual water trade inequality.To achieve the same economic growth,Central Asia needs to pay several times the local water consumption costs of developed regions(15.9−83.6 times,2021).In the past 30 years,the average geographic convergence index exceeded 0.8.Countries facing severe water scarcity also exhibit pronounced inequalities in virtual water trade,indicating that a significant geographic convergence relationship exists.Effectively responding to this unsustainable relationship necessitates balancing both domestic resource risk management and global virtual water trade regulation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Regulatory agencies are increasingly recognizing that minority trial repres-entation is inadequate,contributing to healthcare disparities.The scope of min-ority population disparities in clinical trial part...BACKGROUND Regulatory agencies are increasingly recognizing that minority trial repres-entation is inadequate,contributing to healthcare disparities.The scope of min-ority population disparities in clinical trial participation remains unclear,as previous studies have compiled enrollment data from published trials,which AIM To evaluate sex,racial and ethnic inequities in liver transplantation(LT)trials participation in the United States.METHODS We used data from completed United States liver transplant clinical trials registered and reported on the National Institute of Health(NIH)website(clincaltrials.gov).Demographic data,including race,ethnicity,sex,and age were collected.To make inferences to a larger population,95%CIs were computed for estimates in each demographic group using the Wilson method for binomial proportions.We also computed the simultaneous 95%CIs by applying a Bonferroni correction to reflect the multinomial distribution of race proportions.The numbers and percentages of racial/ethnic minority and female individuals compared with United States census data from 2010 and 2018.Secondary outcome measures were inclusion by trial funding source and year of completion.RESULTS A total of 69 United States based clinical trials involving 6990 participants were included in the analysis.Of these,35 trials(51%)were randomized,and 26(38%)were conducted across multiple United States regions.All trials reported sex,while 42(61%)reported race and 27(39%)reported ethnicity.Compared to United States census data,Asian individuals were overrepresented(9.3%;95%CI:8.1%-10.5%),whereas African American(7.8%;95%CI:6.7%-8.9%)and American Indian or Alaska Native individuals(0.4%;95%CI:0.1%-0.6%)were underrepresented.The proportion of White participants(75.9%;95%CI:74.1%-77.7%)was consistent with census estimates.Hispanic participants were underrepresented(13.3%;95%CI:12.2%-14.5%)regardless of the census year referenced.In industry-sponsored trials,Asian representation was three times higher than in the general population(15%).NIH funded trials showed overrepresentation of White participants(83.8%)and underrepresentation of Black participants(4.1%)relative to census data.Women comprised 31.1%of all participants(95%CI:30.0%-32.2%),in-dicating underrepresentation.Among trials that reported racial data,62(90%)did not include participants of American Indian or Alaska Native,Native Hawaiian,or Pacific Islander descent.CONCLUSION Our analysis indicates that women,African Americans,and Hispanic individuals are underrepresented in LT clinical trials compared to the general United States population.These results highlight the need for regulatory initiatives aimed at enhancing the inclusion of historically marginalized racial and ethnic groups in clinical re-search.展开更多
Introduction:With an aging population,Indonesia must monitor health inequities and promote healthy aging.This study explores the trends and disparities in outpatient treatment utilization among Indonesian older adults...Introduction:With an aging population,Indonesia must monitor health inequities and promote healthy aging.This study explores the trends and disparities in outpatient treatment utilization among Indonesian older adults across socioeconomic position(SEP),following the implementation of universal health coverage in 2014.Methods:The unit of analysis includes 27,708 and 29,905 non-institutionalized Indonesian older adults aged 60 and over with poor self-rated health status residing in 413 and 514 districts,respectively.The data were obtained from the combined datasets of the 2015 National Socioeconomic Survey(SUSENAS)and 2014 Village Data Census(PODES),as well as the 2020 SUSENAS and 2021 PODES..Outpatient treatment utilization is the outcome variable.SEP is assessed by household wealth index and educational attainment.The slope index of inequality(SII)is calculated using multilevel-adjusted prevalence estimates(P<0.05).Results:After adjusting for age,health insurance,and percentage of villages in district with primary care services,older adults in the highest SEP accessed outpatient more than those in the lowest SEP in both 2015(P<0.001 for education and for wealth)and 2020(P<0.001 for education and for wealth).The SII revealed a statistically significant increase in the disparity in outpatient between the highest and lowest educational levels from 2015(14.1%,P<0.001)to 2020(16.9%,P<0.001).The proportions of older adults with both the highest(−7.2%,P<0.001)and lowest(−9.4%,P<0.001)education levels accessing outpatient decreased.Between 2015 and 2020,the SII demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in the disparity between the highest(15.2%,P=0.01)and lowest(12.4%,P=0.03)wealth groups.The proportion of older adults in both the highest(−7.1%,P<0.001)and lowest(−5.8%,P<0.001)wealth groups accessing outpatient declined.Conclusion:Macro-level policy interventions aimed at increasing outpatient treatment coverage should target all older adults,regardless of SEP.Further research into the broader macro-social context is warranted.展开更多
Energy poverty in developing countries is a critical issue characterized by the lack of access to modern energy services,such as electricity and clean cooking facilities,as marked in SDG 7.This study explores the corr...Energy poverty in developing countries is a critical issue characterized by the lack of access to modern energy services,such as electricity and clean cooking facilities,as marked in SDG 7.This study explores the correlations between energy poverty,energy intensity,resource abundance,and income inequality,as these factors have been theorized to play important roles in influencing energy poverty in developing countries.By observing that the dataset is heterogeneous across the countries and over the time frame,we use the Method of Moments Quantile Regression(MMQR)to analyze our developing countries’data from 2000 to 2019.Our findings indicate that energy intensity is a significant factor influencing energy poverty,suggesting that higher energy consumption relative to the sample countries can exacerbate this issue.Additionally,we observe that income inequality within the sample countries is a critical determinant of energy poverty levels,highlighting the dynamics between economic disparity and access to energy resources.Interestingly,our study reveals that resource abundance acts as a blessing rather than a curse in terms of energy poverty,implying that countries rich in natural resources may have better opportunities to combat energy deprivation.Finally,we emphasize the vital role of financial markets in addressing energy poverty on a global scale,suggesting that robust financial systems can facilitate investments and innovations aimed at improving energy access for vulnerable populations.The results from the robustness analysis support the empirical results obtained from the main estimation.The empirical findings of the present study advance important comprehensions for policymakers to adopt energy policies that address the complex challenges of energy poverty and promote inclusive energy access.展开更多
In this paper,we develop Maurey’s and Bobkov-Ledoux’s methods to prove modified Brascamp-Lieb inequalities and log-Sobolev inequalities for one-dimensional log-concave measure.To prove these inequalities,the harmoni...In this paper,we develop Maurey’s and Bobkov-Ledoux’s methods to prove modified Brascamp-Lieb inequalities and log-Sobolev inequalities for one-dimensional log-concave measure.To prove these inequalities,the harmonic Prékopa-Leindler inequality is used.We prove that these new inequalities are more efficient in estimating the variance and entropy for some functions with exponential terms.展开更多
An upper estimate of the new curvature entropy is provided,via the integral inequality of a concave function.For two origin-symmetric convex bodies in R^(n),this bound is sharper than the log-Minkowski inequality of c...An upper estimate of the new curvature entropy is provided,via the integral inequality of a concave function.For two origin-symmetric convex bodies in R^(n),this bound is sharper than the log-Minkowski inequality of curvature entropy.As its application,a novel proof of the log-Minkowski inequality of curvature entropy in the plane is given.展开更多
Two sharp Chernoff type inequalities are derived for star bodies in R2,one is an extension of the dual Chernoff-Ou-Pan inequality,and the other is the reverse Chernoff type inequality.Furthermore,we establish a genera...Two sharp Chernoff type inequalities are derived for star bodies in R2,one is an extension of the dual Chernoff-Ou-Pan inequality,and the other is the reverse Chernoff type inequality.Furthermore,we establish a generalized dual symmetric mixed Chernoff inequality for two planar star bodies.As a direct consequence,a new proof of the dual symmetric mixed isoperimetric inequality is presented.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significan...Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significant gap in detailed and consistent data on 3D building space structures with global coverage due to the challenges inherent in the data collection and model calibration processes.In this study,we constructed a global urban structure(GUS-3D)dataset,including building volume,height,and footprint information,at a 500 m spatial resolution using extensive satellite observation products and numerous reference building samples.Our analysis indicated that the total volume of buildings worldwide in2015 exceeded 1×10^(12)m^(3).Over the 1985 to 2015 period,we observed a slight increase in the magnitude of 3D building volume growth(i.e.,it increased from 166.02 km3 during the 1985–2000 period to 175.08km3 during the 2000–2015 period),while the expansion magnitudes of the two-dimensional(2D)building footprint(22.51×10^(3) vs 13.29×10^(3)km^(2))and urban extent(157×10^(3) vs 133.8×10^(3)km^(2))notably decreased.This trend highlights the significant increase in intensive vertical utilization of urban land.Furthermore,we identified significant heterogeneity in building space provision and inequality across cities worldwide.This inequality is particularly pronounced in many populous Asian cities,which has been overlooked in previous studies on economic inequality.The GUS-3D dataset shows great potential to deepen our understanding of the urban environment and creates new horizons for numerous 3D urban studies.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82470544)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.226-2024-00153).
文摘Childhood neuroblastoma,a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in young children,accounts for approximately 8%-10%of pediatric cancers1.Originating from neural crest cells of the sympathetic nervous system,these tumors affect primarily children younger than 5 years of age and are often diagnosed in advanced stages,because of their aggressive nature and vague early symptoms2-4.
基金supported by grants from the China Association for Science and Technology(KXYJS2024012)the Gates Foundation(INV-006373 and INV-023808)+1 种基金Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(2024-2-30117)Beijing Municipal Health Commission’s Funds for the Highqualified Public Health Professionals Development Project(Discipline Core-03-36)。
文摘In 2022,cervical cancer accounted for approximately 662,301 new cases worldwide,representing 6.9%of all cancers diagnosed in women.Furthermore,it was the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women~1.In China,human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination is not included in the National Immunization Program,thus creating marked urban±rural disparities:only 5.7%of rural children are vaccinated~2.Local publicly funded initiatives have increased vaccination uptake in some cities(e.g.,Shenzhen pilot;Jinan first-dose coverage>90%among eligible girls)~(3,4).
文摘Background: Socioeconomic factors influence health outcomes and the distribution of health resources within and between countries globally. In Nigeria, there are various socio-economic factors that have been reported to be responsible for health inequities across the different geopolitical zones. Objective: To assess health inequities in relation to socio-economic factors that affect access to essential health care services in Nigeria, using family planning, maternal care, and childcare as indicators. Method: The study involved a cross-sectional secondary analysis of data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) and a literature review of transdisciplinary approaches to addressing health inequities. Result: The overall result from the findings suggests a strong influence of geographical and socioeconomic factors in the distribution of healthcare services. Specifically, family planning services were more readily available and accessible in the Southern zones of Nigeria than in the Northern zone of Nigeria, which could be attributed to socio-cultural, religious, and access-related barriers. Results also showed that access to most maternal and child health care services was often skewed towards the southern zones, which could be due to the presence of more healthcare workers who provide these services coupled with higher access to maternal care, hence a higher uptake and utilization of maternal care services. Also, children in the northern zones had lesser odds of receiving basic and age-appropriate vaccination than those in other regions, which could be attributed to the supply-side disparities that exist between the northern and southern regions. Conclusion: This study concludes that level of educational attainment, wealth quintiles, as well as financial barriers, are the major socio-economic factors that influence access to maternal and childcare services.
文摘This study comprehensively reviews the literature to deeply explore the role of computer science and internet technologies in addressing educational inequality and socio-psychological issues,with a particular focus on applications of 5G,artificial intelligence(AI),and augmented/virtual reality(AR/VR).By analyzing how these technologies are reshaping learning and their potential to ameliorate educational disparities,the study reveals challenges present in ensuring educational equity.The research methodology includes exhaustive reviews of applications of AI and machine learning,the Internet of Things and wearable technologies integration,big data analytics and data mining,and the effects of online platforms and social media on socio-psychological issues.Besides,the study discusses applications of these technologies in educational inequality and socio-psychological problem-solving through the lens of 5G,AI,and AR/VR,while also delineating challenges faced by these emerging technologies and future outlooks.The study finds that while computer science and internet technologies hold promise to bridge academic divides and address socio-psychological problems,the complexity of technology access and infrastructure,lack of digital literacy and skills,and critical ethical and privacy issues can impact widespread adoption and efficacy.Overall,the study provides a novel perspective to understand the potential of computer science and internet technologies in ameliorating educational inequality and socio-psychological issues,while pointing to new directions for future research.It also emphasizes the importance of cooperation among educational institutions,technology vendors,policymakers and researchers,and establishing comprehensive ethical guidelines and regulations to ensure the responsible use of these technologies.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(12571122,12061010)。
文摘In this paper,we study the uniqueness of positive solutions to the following semilinear equations{-Δu=λ|x|^(α)ue^(u^(2)),in B_(1),u=0,onδB_(1)ueu2;in B_(1);u=0;on@B_(1);whereλ>0,α>-2;B_(1)denotes the unit disk in R^(2):By delicate and relatively complicated computation of radial solutions to the above equation and the asymptotic expansion of solutions near the boundary of B_(1),the uniqueness of positive solutions is obtained.The results of this paper extend the uniqueness result for the semilinear equation with critical exponential growth in CHEN et al.(2022)to the case that includes a Henon term.
基金supported by the SERB,SUR/2022/002244,Govt.India and the second author was supported by the UGC-JRF(NTA Ref.No.:201610135853)New Delhi,India,and the third author was partially supported by the JSPS KAKENHI(JP22K03363).
文摘In this paper,we first establish refined versions of the Bohr inequalities for the class of holomorphic functions from the unit ball BX of a complex Banach space X into ℂ.As applications,we will establish refined Bohr inequalities of functional type or of norm type for holomorphic mappings with lacunary series on the unit ball BX with values in higher dimensional spaces.Next,we obtain the Bohr-Rogosinski inequality for the class of holomorphic functions on BX.In addition,we establish an improved version of the Bohr inequality for holomorphic functions on BX.All the results are proved to be sharp.
文摘In this paper we investigates the problem of inequalities on Riemannian manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature.By employing the method of Jia-Wang-Xia-Zhang,two types of results on geometric inequalities are obtained,generalizing the results of Jia-Wang-Xia-Zhang.
基金NJP holds a Future Leader Award from the Novo Nordisk Foundation and European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes(NNF/EFSD NNF21SA0072747)a grant from the Diabetes Wellness Network Sverige(PG21-6524)+5 种基金supported by the Swedish Research Council(2015-00165)the European Research Council(ERC-2023-Ad G 101142093)a Wallenberg Scholars Award from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation(KAW 2023.0312)the Swedish Research Council for Sport Science(P2023-0093)The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research is an independent research center at the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,University of Copenhagen,Denmark partially funded by an unrestricted donation from the Novo Nordisk Foundation(NNF18CC0034900,NNF23SA0084103)supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Strategic Research Program in Diabetes at Karolinska Institutet。
文摘Background:Cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is a powerful predictor of mortality and chronic disease risk,yet global patterns and determinants of CRF remain poorly defined,particularly in females and underrepresented populations.We conducted a systematic review and quantitative synthesis of directly measured peak oxygen uptake(VO_(2peak))internationally and examined its association with human development and gender ine quality.Methods:Studies were eligible if VO_(2peak)was assessed via direct gas analysis during maximal exercise testing,and if the countries had scores for the Human Development Index(HDI)and Gender Inequality Index(GII).Studies were identified through MEDLINE/PubMed,Embase,CINAHL,and Web of Science.Risks of bias were assessed by an adaptation of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Multivariable linear regression models examined associations between VO_(2peak),age,sex,exercise modality,HDI,GII,and study year.Results:Data included 95 studies from 24 countries with HDI and GII scores,comprising 119,435 adults(42%females)with VO_(2peak)assessed via direct gas analysis during maximal exercise testing.The risk of bias was low.VO_(2peak)was positively associated with HDI(β=14.1)and negatively associated with GII(β=-3.6).Slightly stronger associations were observed in females than males(HDI:β=18.9 vs.β=13.9,GII:β=-4.6vs.β=-3.6).Young females in middle-HDI countries had higher VO_(2peak)than those in low-HDI countries(31.2mL/kg/min vs.28.5 mL/kg/min),with limited additional gams in high-HDI contexts.VO_(2peak)decreased with higher gender inequality,with the largest disparities observed in young females between high-and low-GII countries(26.3 mL/kg/min vs.32.8 mL/kg/min).Conclusion:Global variation in CRF is tied to national levels of human development and gender equality.These findings support prioritizing structural and policy-level interventions that address social and gender disparities in physical activity access and health promotion.Studies from countries with lower HDI and information on ethnicity and socioeconomic status will bridge crucial gaps in understanding factors involved in global CRF levels.
基金supported by the NSF of Shanxi(202303021221168)the Industry-university-research project of Shanxi Datong University(2022CXY10,2022CXY13).
文摘In this paper,our main goal is to study a new mathematical model which describes the frictional contact between a foundation and a deformable body which is composed of viscoplastic materials and where the process is considered dynamic.The contact condition on the normal plane is modeled by a unilateral constraint condition for a version of normal velocity in which the memory effect and the adhesion are considered.On the tangential plane a frictional contact condition is governed by the Clarke subdifferential of a locally Lipschitz function,and the evolution of the bonding field is governed by an ordinary differential equation.We formulate this problem as coupled system that consists of two ordinary differential equations and a variational-hemivariational inequality.Then,the existence,uniqueness and continuous dependence of the solution on the data results concerning the abstract system are established.Finally,we use the abstract results to show the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the contact problem.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42305089 and 42175106)the Self-supporting Program of Guangzhou Laboratory(No.SRPG22-007)+1 种基金the Youth Science and Technology Fund Project of Gansu(No.22JR5RA512)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.lzujbky-2022-pd05).
文摘Ambient fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))pollution causes the largest environmental health risk globally,yet ex-posure levels and the resulting health risks vary across countries with different income levels.Global wealth inequality has intensified in recent years,yet the relationship between wealth inequality and health risks related to PM_(2.5) pollution remains poorly understood.In this study,we evaluated the global mortality and health cost at-tributable to PM_(2.5) exposure from 2017 to 2021,and analyzed the relationship between wealth inequality,PM_(2.5) pollution,and the associated health risks across regions with varying economic levels.We found a consistent decline in mortalities and health costs attributable to PM_(2.5) exposure from 2017 to 2020,followed by a rebound after 2020,driven primarily by the resurgence of PM_(2.5) concentrations and a deceleration in the reduction of baseline mortality rates.We also found that the average PM_(2.5) concentration and associated risks decrease as domestic wealth inequality decreases and national income level increases.However,regions with extremely high levels of wealth inequality consistently show lower national average PM_(2.5) concentrations and health risks.These findings highlight the need to consider healthcare security during emergencies,as well as policy fairness across economic regions,in the formulation of global PM_(2.5) pollution control measures to promote sustainable,more equitable economic growth and coordinated air pollution management.
基金supported by the NSFC(11561001)the Program for Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(NJYT18-A14)+4 种基金the NSF of Inner Mongolia(2022MS01004,2020MS01011)the Higher School Foundation of Inner Mongolia(NJZY20200)the Program for Key Laboratory Construction of Chifeng University(CFXYZD202004)the Research and Innovation Team of Complex Analysis and Nonlinear Dynamic Systems of Chifeng University(cfxykycxtd202005)the Youth Science Foundation of Chifeng University(cfxyqn202133).
文摘In recent years,researchers have extensively investigated the Hankel determinant,which consists of coefficients appearing in a holomorphic function’s Taylor-Maclaurin series.Hankel matrices are widely used in Markov processes,non-stationary signals,and other mathematical disciplines.The aim of the current research article is to first improve the bounds of coefficient-related problems by employing the well-known Carathéodory function.The problems that we are going to improve were obtained by Tang et al.The sharp estimates of the most difficult problem of geometric function theory known as the third-order Hankel determinant are also contributed here.Zalcman and Fekete-Szegöinequalities are also studied here for the defined family of holomorphic functions.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52279027)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFC3200201)+1 种基金Key Research Project on Decision Consultation of the Strategic Development Department of China Association for Science and Technology(Grant No.2023070615CG111504)China Engineering Science and Technology Development Strategy Henan Research Institute Strategic Consulting Research Project(Grant No.2024HENYB01).
文摘Unequal virtual water transfer may aggravate local water scarcity risk.However,the quantitative confirmation of a clear geographic convergence between virtual water transfer and water scarcity risk remains undetermined.We present an analytical framework that reveals the spatial matching between global water scarcity risk and virtual water trade inequality.This framework integrates a three-dimensional water scarcity risk assessment,hybrid input-output analysis,pollution trade term construction,and geographic convergence identification.The framework is applied to 123 countries for long-term validation from 1991 to 2021.We show that despite global improvements in water efficiency and security,countries exceeding the maximum water vulnerability threshold have increased by 50%.South Asia is the largest net exporter of virtual water.Central Asia exhibits the most pronounced virtual water trade inequality.To achieve the same economic growth,Central Asia needs to pay several times the local water consumption costs of developed regions(15.9−83.6 times,2021).In the past 30 years,the average geographic convergence index exceeded 0.8.Countries facing severe water scarcity also exhibit pronounced inequalities in virtual water trade,indicating that a significant geographic convergence relationship exists.Effectively responding to this unsustainable relationship necessitates balancing both domestic resource risk management and global virtual water trade regulation.
文摘BACKGROUND Regulatory agencies are increasingly recognizing that minority trial repres-entation is inadequate,contributing to healthcare disparities.The scope of min-ority population disparities in clinical trial participation remains unclear,as previous studies have compiled enrollment data from published trials,which AIM To evaluate sex,racial and ethnic inequities in liver transplantation(LT)trials participation in the United States.METHODS We used data from completed United States liver transplant clinical trials registered and reported on the National Institute of Health(NIH)website(clincaltrials.gov).Demographic data,including race,ethnicity,sex,and age were collected.To make inferences to a larger population,95%CIs were computed for estimates in each demographic group using the Wilson method for binomial proportions.We also computed the simultaneous 95%CIs by applying a Bonferroni correction to reflect the multinomial distribution of race proportions.The numbers and percentages of racial/ethnic minority and female individuals compared with United States census data from 2010 and 2018.Secondary outcome measures were inclusion by trial funding source and year of completion.RESULTS A total of 69 United States based clinical trials involving 6990 participants were included in the analysis.Of these,35 trials(51%)were randomized,and 26(38%)were conducted across multiple United States regions.All trials reported sex,while 42(61%)reported race and 27(39%)reported ethnicity.Compared to United States census data,Asian individuals were overrepresented(9.3%;95%CI:8.1%-10.5%),whereas African American(7.8%;95%CI:6.7%-8.9%)and American Indian or Alaska Native individuals(0.4%;95%CI:0.1%-0.6%)were underrepresented.The proportion of White participants(75.9%;95%CI:74.1%-77.7%)was consistent with census estimates.Hispanic participants were underrepresented(13.3%;95%CI:12.2%-14.5%)regardless of the census year referenced.In industry-sponsored trials,Asian representation was three times higher than in the general population(15%).NIH funded trials showed overrepresentation of White participants(83.8%)and underrepresentation of Black participants(4.1%)relative to census data.Women comprised 31.1%of all participants(95%CI:30.0%-32.2%),in-dicating underrepresentation.Among trials that reported racial data,62(90%)did not include participants of American Indian or Alaska Native,Native Hawaiian,or Pacific Islander descent.CONCLUSION Our analysis indicates that women,African Americans,and Hispanic individuals are underrepresented in LT clinical trials compared to the general United States population.These results highlight the need for regulatory initiatives aimed at enhancing the inclusion of historically marginalized racial and ethnic groups in clinical re-search.
文摘Introduction:With an aging population,Indonesia must monitor health inequities and promote healthy aging.This study explores the trends and disparities in outpatient treatment utilization among Indonesian older adults across socioeconomic position(SEP),following the implementation of universal health coverage in 2014.Methods:The unit of analysis includes 27,708 and 29,905 non-institutionalized Indonesian older adults aged 60 and over with poor self-rated health status residing in 413 and 514 districts,respectively.The data were obtained from the combined datasets of the 2015 National Socioeconomic Survey(SUSENAS)and 2014 Village Data Census(PODES),as well as the 2020 SUSENAS and 2021 PODES..Outpatient treatment utilization is the outcome variable.SEP is assessed by household wealth index and educational attainment.The slope index of inequality(SII)is calculated using multilevel-adjusted prevalence estimates(P<0.05).Results:After adjusting for age,health insurance,and percentage of villages in district with primary care services,older adults in the highest SEP accessed outpatient more than those in the lowest SEP in both 2015(P<0.001 for education and for wealth)and 2020(P<0.001 for education and for wealth).The SII revealed a statistically significant increase in the disparity in outpatient between the highest and lowest educational levels from 2015(14.1%,P<0.001)to 2020(16.9%,P<0.001).The proportions of older adults with both the highest(−7.2%,P<0.001)and lowest(−9.4%,P<0.001)education levels accessing outpatient decreased.Between 2015 and 2020,the SII demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in the disparity between the highest(15.2%,P=0.01)and lowest(12.4%,P=0.03)wealth groups.The proportion of older adults in both the highest(−7.1%,P<0.001)and lowest(−5.8%,P<0.001)wealth groups accessing outpatient declined.Conclusion:Macro-level policy interventions aimed at increasing outpatient treatment coverage should target all older adults,regardless of SEP.Further research into the broader macro-social context is warranted.
文摘Energy poverty in developing countries is a critical issue characterized by the lack of access to modern energy services,such as electricity and clean cooking facilities,as marked in SDG 7.This study explores the correlations between energy poverty,energy intensity,resource abundance,and income inequality,as these factors have been theorized to play important roles in influencing energy poverty in developing countries.By observing that the dataset is heterogeneous across the countries and over the time frame,we use the Method of Moments Quantile Regression(MMQR)to analyze our developing countries’data from 2000 to 2019.Our findings indicate that energy intensity is a significant factor influencing energy poverty,suggesting that higher energy consumption relative to the sample countries can exacerbate this issue.Additionally,we observe that income inequality within the sample countries is a critical determinant of energy poverty levels,highlighting the dynamics between economic disparity and access to energy resources.Interestingly,our study reveals that resource abundance acts as a blessing rather than a curse in terms of energy poverty,implying that countries rich in natural resources may have better opportunities to combat energy deprivation.Finally,we emphasize the vital role of financial markets in addressing energy poverty on a global scale,suggesting that robust financial systems can facilitate investments and innovations aimed at improving energy access for vulnerable populations.The results from the robustness analysis support the empirical results obtained from the main estimation.The empirical findings of the present study advance important comprehensions for policymakers to adopt energy policies that address the complex challenges of energy poverty and promote inclusive energy access.
基金Supported in part by the NSFC(12071378,12461009)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(2023-JC-YB-036)the Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Mathematics and Physics(23JSQ033).
文摘In this paper,we develop Maurey’s and Bobkov-Ledoux’s methods to prove modified Brascamp-Lieb inequalities and log-Sobolev inequalities for one-dimensional log-concave measure.To prove these inequalities,the harmonic Prékopa-Leindler inequality is used.We prove that these new inequalities are more efficient in estimating the variance and entropy for some functions with exponential terms.
基金supported by the NSFC(12171378)supported by the Characteristic innovation projects of universities in Guangdong province(2023K-TSCX381)+3 种基金supported by the Young Top-Talent program of Chongqing(CQYC2021059145)the Major Special Project of NSFC(12141101)the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(KJZD-K202200509)the Natural Science Foundation Project of Chongqing(CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0937).
文摘An upper estimate of the new curvature entropy is provided,via the integral inequality of a concave function.For two origin-symmetric convex bodies in R^(n),this bound is sharper than the log-Minkowski inequality of curvature entropy.As its application,a novel proof of the log-Minkowski inequality of curvature entropy in the plane is given.
基金supported by the Postgraduate Scientic Research Innovation Project of Chongqing Normal University(YKC24010)Chunna Zeng's research was supported by the Major Special Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12141101)+2 种基金the Young Top-Talent program of Chongqing(CQYC2021059145)the Technology Research Foundation of Chongqing Educational committee(KJZD-K202200509)the Natural Science Foundation Project of Chongqing(CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0937)。
文摘Two sharp Chernoff type inequalities are derived for star bodies in R2,one is an extension of the dual Chernoff-Ou-Pan inequality,and the other is the reverse Chernoff type inequality.Furthermore,we establish a generalized dual symmetric mixed Chernoff inequality for two planar star bodies.As a direct consequence,a new proof of the dual symmetric mixed isoperimetric inequality is presented.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(42225107)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42001326,42371414,42171409,and 42271419)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(2022A1515012207)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Project of Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning(202201011539)。
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significant gap in detailed and consistent data on 3D building space structures with global coverage due to the challenges inherent in the data collection and model calibration processes.In this study,we constructed a global urban structure(GUS-3D)dataset,including building volume,height,and footprint information,at a 500 m spatial resolution using extensive satellite observation products and numerous reference building samples.Our analysis indicated that the total volume of buildings worldwide in2015 exceeded 1×10^(12)m^(3).Over the 1985 to 2015 period,we observed a slight increase in the magnitude of 3D building volume growth(i.e.,it increased from 166.02 km3 during the 1985–2000 period to 175.08km3 during the 2000–2015 period),while the expansion magnitudes of the two-dimensional(2D)building footprint(22.51×10^(3) vs 13.29×10^(3)km^(2))and urban extent(157×10^(3) vs 133.8×10^(3)km^(2))notably decreased.This trend highlights the significant increase in intensive vertical utilization of urban land.Furthermore,we identified significant heterogeneity in building space provision and inequality across cities worldwide.This inequality is particularly pronounced in many populous Asian cities,which has been overlooked in previous studies on economic inequality.The GUS-3D dataset shows great potential to deepen our understanding of the urban environment and creates new horizons for numerous 3D urban studies.
