Autism spectrum disorder（ASD）is a neurodevelopment disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication along with restricted and repetitive behavior.For a long period of time,ASD was considered t...Autism spectrum disorder（ASD）is a neurodevelopment disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication along with restricted and repetitive behavior.For a long period of time,ASD was considered to be a rare mental disorder,with a prevalence of less than1/100,000.However,the prevalence of diagnosed ASD has increased rapidly in recent years to approximately展开更多
Diabetes (DM) requires self-care that is demanding and may cause stress. Social support can buffer effects of stress. No previous study has been found comparing perceptions of foreign-born persons with DM, concerning ...Diabetes (DM) requires self-care that is demanding and may cause stress. Social support can buffer effects of stress. No previous study has been found comparing perceptions of foreign-born persons with DM, concerning the content of and need for social support with a population of origin. The aim was to compare the meaning of support and its impact on the life situation in Swedish- and foreign-born persons diagnosed with type 2 DM living in Sweden. A purposive sample of 74 persons;34 foreign- and 40 Swedish-born, aged 32-80 years, diagnosed with type 2 DM, was included. The foreign-born persons were mostly Middle Eastern and Ex-Yugoslavian refugees. Mixed methods were used and data were collected by qualitative interviews and quantitative data collected by the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire (NSSQ). Studying the figures measured by NSSQ, no significant differences were found according to gender but foreign-born men scored lower than Swedish, especially in emotional support and aid. The main findings showed that respondents, irrespective of origin, described the meaning of the concept of support mainly as information support in learning to manage DM. However, foreign-born persons also focused on medical support with regular follow-ups while Swedes emphasized the need for emotional support. Foreign- and Swedish-born persons are in general more similar than dissimilar in describing the meaning, need and impact of support. Irrespective of origin they want to learn to manage their disease and thus desire and need regular follow-up and information immediately from being diagnosed. Further studies are needed as the study is based on a limited sample.展开更多
SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in various environmental media.Community and individual-engaged precautions are recommended to stop or slow environmentally-mediated transmission.To better understand the individual’s awa...SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in various environmental media.Community and individual-engaged precautions are recommended to stop or slow environmentally-mediated transmission.To better understand the individual’s awareness of and precaution to environmental dissemination of SARS-CoV-2,an online survey was conducted in Beijing during March 14–25,2020.It is found that the waterborne(especially wastewater mediated)spreading routes are far less perceived by urban communities.The precautions for wastewater transmission are less favored by the public than airborne and solid waste mediated spreading routes.Such risk communication asymmetry in waterborne transmission will be further enlarged in places with fragile water system.Furthermore,education level is the most significant attribution(Sig.<0.05)that causes the difference of awareness and precautions of the waterborne transmission among the respondents,according to the variance analysis results.Our survey results emphasize the urgent need for evidence-based,multifactorial precautions for current and future outbreaks of COVID-19.展开更多
Societal risk classification is the fundamental issue for online societal risk monitoring. To show the challenge and feasibility of societal risk classification toward BBS posts, an empirical analysis is implemented i...Societal risk classification is the fundamental issue for online societal risk monitoring. To show the challenge and feasibility of societal risk classification toward BBS posts, an empirical analysis is implemented in this paper. Through effectiveness analysis, Support Vector Machine based on Bag-Of-Words （BOW-SVM） is adopted for challenge validation, and the distributed document embeddings of BBS posts generated by Paragraph Vector are applied to feasibility study. Based on BOW-SVM, cross-validations of BBS posts labeled by different groups and annotators are conducted. The big fluctuation of cross-validation results indicates the differences of individual risk perceptions, which brings more challenges to societal risk classification. Furthermore, based on the distributed document embeddings of BBS posts, the pairwise similarities of more than 300 thousands BBS posts from different societal risk categories are compared. The higher similarities of BBS posts in the same societal risk category reveal that BBS posts in the same societal risk category share more features than BBS posts in different categories, which manifests the feasibility of societal risk classification of BBS posts, and also reflects the possibility to improve the performance of societal risk monitoring.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31400960)
文摘Autism spectrum disorder（ASD）is a neurodevelopment disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication along with restricted and repetitive behavior.For a long period of time,ASD was considered to be a rare mental disorder,with a prevalence of less than1/100,000.However,the prevalence of diagnosed ASD has increased rapidly in recent years to approximately
基金SvenskaDiabetesforbundet (The Swedish Diabetes Association) the research profile AMER (Labour market, Migration and Ethnic Relations), University of Vaxjo, Vaxjo, Sweden.
文摘Diabetes (DM) requires self-care that is demanding and may cause stress. Social support can buffer effects of stress. No previous study has been found comparing perceptions of foreign-born persons with DM, concerning the content of and need for social support with a population of origin. The aim was to compare the meaning of support and its impact on the life situation in Swedish- and foreign-born persons diagnosed with type 2 DM living in Sweden. A purposive sample of 74 persons;34 foreign- and 40 Swedish-born, aged 32-80 years, diagnosed with type 2 DM, was included. The foreign-born persons were mostly Middle Eastern and Ex-Yugoslavian refugees. Mixed methods were used and data were collected by qualitative interviews and quantitative data collected by the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire (NSSQ). Studying the figures measured by NSSQ, no significant differences were found according to gender but foreign-born men scored lower than Swedish, especially in emotional support and aid. The main findings showed that respondents, irrespective of origin, described the meaning of the concept of support mainly as information support in learning to manage DM. However, foreign-born persons also focused on medical support with regular follow-ups while Swedes emphasized the need for emotional support. Foreign- and Swedish-born persons are in general more similar than dissimilar in describing the meaning, need and impact of support. Irrespective of origin they want to learn to manage their disease and thus desire and need regular follow-up and information immediately from being diagnosed. Further studies are needed as the study is based on a limited sample.
基金Chinese Academy of Engineering(Mechanism of the Spread of the Covid-19 in Environments and Cross-media Risk Control,2020-ZD-15).
文摘SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in various environmental media.Community and individual-engaged precautions are recommended to stop or slow environmentally-mediated transmission.To better understand the individual’s awareness of and precaution to environmental dissemination of SARS-CoV-2,an online survey was conducted in Beijing during March 14–25,2020.It is found that the waterborne(especially wastewater mediated)spreading routes are far less perceived by urban communities.The precautions for wastewater transmission are less favored by the public than airborne and solid waste mediated spreading routes.Such risk communication asymmetry in waterborne transmission will be further enlarged in places with fragile water system.Furthermore,education level is the most significant attribution(Sig.<0.05)that causes the difference of awareness and precautions of the waterborne transmission among the respondents,according to the variance analysis results.Our survey results emphasize the urgent need for evidence-based,multifactorial precautions for current and future outbreaks of COVID-19.
文摘Societal risk classification is the fundamental issue for online societal risk monitoring. To show the challenge and feasibility of societal risk classification toward BBS posts, an empirical analysis is implemented in this paper. Through effectiveness analysis, Support Vector Machine based on Bag-Of-Words （BOW-SVM） is adopted for challenge validation, and the distributed document embeddings of BBS posts generated by Paragraph Vector are applied to feasibility study. Based on BOW-SVM, cross-validations of BBS posts labeled by different groups and annotators are conducted. The big fluctuation of cross-validation results indicates the differences of individual risk perceptions, which brings more challenges to societal risk classification. Furthermore, based on the distributed document embeddings of BBS posts, the pairwise similarities of more than 300 thousands BBS posts from different societal risk categories are compared. The higher similarities of BBS posts in the same societal risk category reveal that BBS posts in the same societal risk category share more features than BBS posts in different categories, which manifests the feasibility of societal risk classification of BBS posts, and also reflects the possibility to improve the performance of societal risk monitoring.
