Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)have attracted attention in the field of biomaterials due to their excellent antibacterial property.However,the reducing and stabilizing agents used for the chemical reduction of Ag NPs are...Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)have attracted attention in the field of biomaterials due to their excellent antibacterial property.However,the reducing and stabilizing agents used for the chemical reduction of Ag NPs are usually toxic and may cause water pollution.In this work,Ag NPs(31.2 nm in diameter)were prepared using the extract of straw,an agricultural waste,as the reducing and stabilizing agent.Experimental analysis revealed that the straw extract contained lignin,the structure of which possesses phenolic hydroxyl and methoxy groups that facilitate the reduction of silver salts into Ag NPs.The surfaces of Ag NPs were negatively charged due to the encapsulation of a thin layer of lignin molecules that prevented their aggregation.After the prepared Ag NPs were added to the precursor solution of acrylamide,free radical polymerization was triggered without the need for extra heating or light irradiation,resulting in the rapid formation of an Ag NP-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel.The inhibition zone test proved that the composite hydrogel possessed excellent antibacterial ability due to the presence of Ag NPs.The prepared hydrogel may have potential applications in the fabrication of biomedical materials,such as antibacterial dressings.展开更多
Understanding the diffusion mechanisms of indium(In)in ZnS minerals can clarify the kinetic processes governing its migration,enrichment,or depletion in these typical In-host minerals,thereby establishing a theoretica...Understanding the diffusion mechanisms of indium(In)in ZnS minerals can clarify the kinetic processes governing its migration,enrichment,or depletion in these typical In-host minerals,thereby establishing a theoretical foundation for the exploration of high-grade In deposits.This study investigates sphalerite and wurtzite to identify stable In incorporation sites and diffusion pathways,and systematically calculates In transport properties in two types of ZnS minerals using first-principles calculations combined with the climbing image-nudged elastic band(CI-NEB)method.The results demonstrate that structural anisotropy significantly governs In diffusion characteristics,with wurtzite exhibiting stronger directiondependent diffusion behavior and superior In retention capacity compared to sphalerite.Across the 0−10 GPa pressure range,In diffusion in wurtzite shows markedly higher anisotropy(2−3 orders of magnitude greater than in sphalerite)and consistently lower diffusion rates.Furthermore,closure temperature calculations reveal spatial heterogeneity,with the[111]direction in sphalerite(about 65 K higher than[110]direction)and the[001]direction in wurtzite(about 100 K higher than[100]direction)displaying elevated closure thresholds.Overall,wurtzite achieves higher closure temperatures than sphalerite.These computational findings indicate that wurtzite exhibits stronger In retention capabilities than sphalerite,suggesting its potential as a critical host mineral for In.These insights provide valuable implications for understanding In geochemical cycling and offer some guidance for mineral exploration and ore genesis studies.展开更多
High-purity indium finds extensive application in the aerospace,electronics,medical,energy,and national defense sectors.Its purity and impurity contents significantly influence its performance in these applications.Hi...High-purity indium finds extensive application in the aerospace,electronics,medical,energy,and national defense sectors.Its purity and impurity contents significantly influence its performance in these applications.High-purity indium was prepared by combining zone refining with vacuum distillation.Results show that the average removal efficiency of impurity Sb can approach 95%,while the removal efficiency of impurities Sn and Bi can reach over 95%,and the removal efficiency of Si,Fe,Ni,and Pb can reach over 85%.Ultimately,the amount of Sn and Sb impurities is reduced to 2.0 and 4.1μg/kg,respectively,and that of most impurities,including Fe,Ni,Pb,and Bi,is reduced to levels below the instrumental detection limit.The average impurity removal efficiency is 90.9%,and the indium purity reaches 7N9.展开更多
A Silver-catalyzed enantioselective[3+2]cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with activated alkenes by using a P-stereogenic ligand Ganphos is reported.The method provides an efficient strategy for the effective synthes...A Silver-catalyzed enantioselective[3+2]cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with activated alkenes by using a P-stereogenic ligand Ganphos is reported.The method provides an efficient strategy for the effective synthesis of spirocyclic scaffolds containing a pyrroline motif.Notable features of this approach include good yields,remarkable enantioselectivity,as well as a broad substrate scope and significant step efficiency.展开更多
The potent antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles is primarily attributed to the release of silver ions,which disrupt cell membranes and inactivate essential enzymes through Ag−S bonding formation.[Objective]T...The potent antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles is primarily attributed to the release of silver ions,which disrupt cell membranes and inactivate essential enzymes through Ag−S bonding formation.[Objective]To explore silver ion immobilization to minimize silver release.[Methods]A macrocyclic cryptand with nitrogen bridgeheads was prepared and subsequently chelated with silver ions to produce Cage silver(I),which was then coordinated with different ratios of sulfonated chitosan(SCS)to form SCS/Cage Ag(I)complexes(SCA1,SCA2,and SCA3).The antioxidant activities of the complexes were assessed by reducing power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)free radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays.The antibacterial activities of the complexes were evaluated based on the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)and minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBCs)against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Escherichia coli O157:H7 and the inhibition rate on biofilm formation.[Results]Cage silver(I)exhibited strong antibacterial activity,with the MIC of 0.015 mg/mL and MBC of 0.031 mg/mL against S.aureus ATCC 6538,and the MIC of 0.031 mg/mL and MBC of 0.120 mg/mL against E.coli O157:H7.Significant antioxidant properties of Cage silver(I)were also observed,as demonstrated by the DPPH free radical scavenging rates of 42.2%and 53.1%at 326 nm and 517 nm,respectively.Cage silver(I)exhibited the highest antibacterial and antioxidant activities,followed by SCA1,SCA2,SCA3,and SCS,because the content of silver ions in Cage silver(I)was 10-fold higher than that in SCA1.The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of SCA1 were better than those of Cage silver(I),which further indicated that the sulfonic groups of SCS may intensely coordinate with silver ions to exert synergistic effects.[Conclusion]Combining the merits of silver ions and SCS improves the bioavailability of the agent at microbicidal concentrations,minimizes the accumulation in the environment,and reduces treatment costs.The method developed herein offers a sustainable approach to enhance microbial control while minimizing the impact on the environment.展开更多
Herein,a one-pot chemical reduction method was reported to prepare folic acid(FA)-stabilized silver nanoclusters(FA@Ag NCs),in which FA,hydrazine hydrate,and silver nitrate were used as capping agent,reducing agent,an...Herein,a one-pot chemical reduction method was reported to prepare folic acid(FA)-stabilized silver nanoclusters(FA@Ag NCs),in which FA,hydrazine hydrate,and silver nitrate were used as capping agent,reducing agent,and precursor,respectively.Several technologies were employed to investigate the structures and optical properties of FA@Ag NCs,including transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectrometer(XPS),Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR),X-ray diffractometer(XRD),fluorescence spectrometer,and ultraviolet visible absorption spectrometer.FA@Ag NCs were suggested to be highly dispersed and spherical with a size of around 2.8 nm.Moreover,the maximum excitation and emission wavelengths of FA@Ag NCs were 370 and 447 nm,respectively.Under the optimal detection conditions,FA@Ag NCs could be used to effectively detect malachite green with the linear detection range of 0.5-200μmol·L^(-1).The detection limit was 0.084μmol·L^(-1).The fluorescence-quenching mechanism was ascribed to the static quenching.The detection system based on FA@AgNCs was successfully used for the detection of malachite green in actual samples with good accuracy and reproducibility.展开更多
Outdoor jackets are engineered to protect against extreme weather while ensuring comfort and safety. Key to this protection is the thermal properties, achieved through insulation materials like down feathers and synth...Outdoor jackets are engineered to protect against extreme weather while ensuring comfort and safety. Key to this protection is the thermal properties, achieved through insulation materials like down feathers and synthetic fibers, which trap heat and minimize heat loss. Resistance to wind, rain, and snow is provided by waterproof and windproof fabrics, while breathability allows moisture to escape, maintaining a comfortable microclimate. Air permeability and water resistance are essential for achieving this balance. This study examines two outdoor jacket prototypes with six material layers each. The outer layer (Layer 1) consists of 100% polyester coated with polyurethane for waterproofing. Inner layers (Layers 2, 3, and 6) use wool/cotton and wool/polyamide blends, offering insulation and moisture-wicking properties. Down feathers are used as the filling material, providing excellent warmth. Advanced materials like graphene and silver honeycomb fabrics were included to enhance thermal conductivity and regulate heat transfer. Performance testing focused on thermal conductivity, comfort (water and air permeability), and mechanical properties like tensile strength and tear resistance. Tests also assessed spray application and fastness to evaluate durability under environmental exposure. Results showed that jackets with silver-infused honeycomb fabrics had superior thermal conductivity, enabling better heat regulation and comfort in harsh conditions. The findings highlight the advantages of integrating silver honeycomb fabrics into outdoor jackets. These materials enhance insulation, thermal regulation, and overall comfort, making them ideal for high-performance designs. Incorporating such fabrics ensures functionality, durability, and user protection in extreme environments.展开更多
Electronic 3D printing possesses a remarkable molding ability and convenience in integrated circuits,flexible wearables,and individual automobile requirements.However,traditional 3D printing technology still struggles...Electronic 3D printing possesses a remarkable molding ability and convenience in integrated circuits,flexible wearables,and individual automobile requirements.However,traditional 3D printing technology still struggles to meet the demands of high precision and high efficiency in the process of fabricating a curved surface circuit,particularly achieving precise silver circuit molding on irregular substrates.Here,a high-precision and muti-scaled conformal manufacturing method for silver circuits is presented through the digital light processing(DLP)of ultraviolet-curable silver paste(UV-SP)with adjustable photocuring properties,enabling the successful preparation of micro-scaled conductive structure on the sharply skewed hook face.The minimum modeling depth and width of the cured silver paste can be well controlled to 10 and 88µm,respectively.Compared with traditional printing technology,the printing efficiency of complex patterns has increased by over 70%.The printed silver circuit demonstrates an exceptionally high electrical conductivity,reaching as high as 1.16×10^(7) S/m.Additionally,the UV-SP exhibits significant manufacturing efficiency and superior molding resolution compared to conventional direct ink writing and inkjet printing techniques,thereby contributing to the attainment of high precision and efficiency of conformal and micro-molding manufacturing in sensors,communication antennas,and other electronic devices based on curved substrates.展开更多
Tandem solar cells(TSCs)represent an attractive technology that can overcome the single-junction Shockdey-Queisser limit.Recently,a tandem structure combining wide-bandgap metal halide perovskite with complementary ba...Tandem solar cells(TSCs)represent an attractive technology that can overcome the single-junction Shockdey-Queisser limit.Recently,a tandem structure combining wide-bandgap metal halide perovskite with complementary bandgap copper indium gallium selenide(CIGS)photovoltaic technology has demonstrated a realistic pathway to achieve the industrialization goal of pushing power conversion efficiency(PCE)approaching 30% at low-cost.In this review,we first pinpoint the unique advantage of perovskite/CIGS tandems with respect to the other mainstream photovoltaic technologies and retrospect the research progress of perovskite/CIGS TSCs from both PCE and stability perspective in the last years.Next,we comprehensively discuss the major advancements in absorbers,functional layers of the individual sub-cell,and the interconnection layer between them in the recent decade.Finally,we outline several essential scientific and engineering challenges that are to be solved toward the development of efficient,long-term stable,and large-area perovskite/CIGS TSCs in the future.展开更多
Objective:To develop chitosan-silver nanoparticles targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and verify their antibacterial performance through animal experiments.Methods:Chitosan,silver nitrate,glacial acetic acid,an...Objective:To develop chitosan-silver nanoparticles targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and verify their antibacterial performance through animal experiments.Methods:Chitosan,silver nitrate,glacial acetic acid,and other chemical reagents were used to synthesize chitosan-silver nanoparticles.The characterization,minimum inhibitory concentration,and biofilm inhibition rate of the chitosan-silver nanoparticles were tested.A total of 40 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups.After routine adaptive feeding,the control group received intraperitoneal injection of normal saline;the model group received intraperitoneal injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspension;the positive group received intraperitoneal injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspension mixed with ampicillin at a volume ratio of 1∶1;the observation group received intraperitoneal injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspension mixed with chitosan-silver nanoparticles(at minimum inhibitory concentration)at a volume ratio of 1∶1.Bacterial load,inflammatory factors,and liver and kidney function indicators in tissues were observed and compared among the four groups on the 3^(rd)day after treatment.Results:When the concentration of chitosansilver nanoparticles reached 8μg/mL or above,the OD value of the experimental wells was close to that of the control wells,indicating that 8μg/mL was the minimum inhibitory concentration of the chitosan-silver nanoparticles;at concentrations of 8μg/mL or above,the biofilm inhibition rate was greater than 80%.The bacterial load in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the model and positive groups(P<0.05).The expression levels of interleukin-6,interferon-γ,and tumor necrosis factor-αin the observation group were significantly lower than those in the model and positive groups(P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,blood urea nitrogen,and creatinine levels among the four groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:The chitosan-silver nanoparticles targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms constructed in this study exhibit good antibacterial effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and have good safety.展开更多
Infrared-transparent conductors have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in electromagnetic shielding,infrared sensors,and photovoltaic devices.However,most known materials face the cr...Infrared-transparent conductors have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in electromagnetic shielding,infrared sensors,and photovoltaic devices.However,most known materials face the critical challenge of balancing high infrared transmittance with high electrical conductivity across the broad infrared spectral band(2.5-25μm).While ultra-thin indium tin oxide(ITO)films have been demonstrated to exhibit superior infrared transmittance,their inherent low electrical conductivity necessitates additional enhancement strategies.This study systematically investigates the effects of oxygen vacancy concentration regulation and ultra-thin copper capping layer integration on the infrared optoelectronic properties of 20 nm-thick ITO films.A fundamental trade-off is revealed in ITO films that increased oxygen vacancy content enhances the electrical conductivity while compromising the infrared transmittance.Meanwhile,following the introduction of a Cu capping layer,the Cu/ITO system exhibits opposing dependencies of infrared transmittance and electrical conductivity on the capping layer thickness,with an optimum thickness of~3 nm.Finally,by constructing a Cu(3 nm)/ITO(20 nm)heterostructure with varying oxygen vacancy content,we demonstrate the combined effect of the ultra-thin Cu capping layer and moderate oxygen vacancy content on optimizing the carrier transport network.This configuration simultaneously minimizes surface/interfacial reflection and absorption losses,achieving high infrared transmittance(0.861)and a low sheet resistance of 400 W/sq.Our findings highlight the critical role of the combined effect of metal/oxide heterostructure design and defect engineering in optimizing infrared-transparent conductive properties.展开更多
Copper extraction from chalcopyrite is challenging,because acid dissolution is slow,occurring incongruently via a complex three-step reaction mechanism.Silver has been known to catalyse copper extraction from chalcopy...Copper extraction from chalcopyrite is challenging,because acid dissolution is slow,occurring incongruently via a complex three-step reaction mechanism.Silver has been known to catalyse copper extraction from chalcopyrite since the 1970's;yet the mechanism remains controversial.Microcharacterisation of experimental products obtained under optimal leaching conditions(50-150μm chalcopyrite grains in ferric/ferrous-sulfate solution with a redox potential around 500 mV vs.Ag/AgCl,approximately 1ppm Ag;[Ag]6.4×10^(−6)mol/L;70℃;4 days)highlights the heterogeneity of the reaction:µm-thick layers of a porous copper-sulfide with variable composition formed both in cracks within,and on the surface of the chalcopyrite grains.There is no evidence for formation of Ag-rich phases(Ag_(2)S_((s)),Ag_((s)^(0))).The fundamental three-step reaction mechanism remains the same with or without added silver;silver merely accelerates the initial dissolution step.An integrated model for the catalytic effect of silver is proposed that incorporates recent advances in the reactivity of sulfide minerals.The initial reaction follows a‘Fluid-Induced Solid State Diffusion Mechanism’,where diffusion of Fe in the chalcopyrite lattice is driven towards the surface by its rapid removal into solution,resulting in a Fe-deficient surface layer.The large Ag+ion,relative to Cu+/Fe3+,diffuses into this Fe-deficient surface layer and accelerates chalcopyrite dissolution in the subsequent step,whereby chalcopyrite is replaced by copper sulfides via an interface coupled dissolution reprecipitation reaction as a consequence of the sulfide-rich micro-environment at the mineral surface.Effective Ag+recycling is key to the catalytic effect of silver,and occurs as a result of the strong affinity of Ag+for bisulfide ligands accumulating at the surface of dissolving chalcopyrite.展开更多
In thefield of material sciences,nano-based formulations have attracted the attention of researchers,as they are highly suit-able for applications in differentfields.Conventionally,physical and chemical techniques have...In thefield of material sciences,nano-based formulations have attracted the attention of researchers,as they are highly suit-able for applications in differentfields.Conventionally,physical and chemical techniques have been employed to synthesize silver nanoparticles(AgNPs).However,they use hazardous and poisonous ingredients,which are toxic to human health and the environment.Therefore,it necessitates the development of an eco-friendly and economical method for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles.Biogenic AgNPs have been synthesized using plants and microorganisms due to the presence of reducing agents such as metabolites and enzymes in their extracts.The size,shape,and other properties of the biogenic AgNPs have been characterized using various biophysical techniques.AgNPs are widely used to treat infections and diseases in humans and plants.They have demonstrated antifungal and antibacterial activities and,therefore,have been applied in various therapeutic applications like the treatment of cancer,wound dressing,orthopedic and cardiovascular implants,and dental composites.Biogenic AgNPs have been applied for the remediation of environmental pollution,including that of water and air via the detoxification of synthetic dyes and other contaminants.They have improved seed germination and plant growth after application as nanofertilizers and nano-pesticides,as well as in masking the effects of stress.This review describes various biological routes used in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their potential applications in agricultural,environmental,and medicalfields.展开更多
Na metal batteries(SMBs)have emerged as a fascinating choice for large-scale energy storage.However,dendrite formation on Na metal anode has been acknowledged to cause inferior cycling stability and safety issues.Here...Na metal batteries(SMBs)have emerged as a fascinating choice for large-scale energy storage.However,dendrite formation on Na metal anode has been acknowledged to cause inferior cycling stability and safety issues.Herein,we report the design of atomic indium-decorated graphene(In/G)to inhibit the growth of Na dendrites and substantially improve the stability of high-energy-density SMBs.Benefiting from the high-valence In-O-C configuration and evenly distributed sodiophilic sites,the In/G promotes uniform nucleation and in-plane growth of Na on the electrode surface,resulting in the intrinsic suppression of Na dendrites.Remarkably,the In/G@Na||Na batteries exhibit excellent long-term cyclability with 160 h at 8 mA cm^(-2)and ultralow overpotential of 110 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2).The Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)||In/G@Na full batteries show exceptionally high reversible discharge capacity of 61 mAh g^(-1)at an ultrahigh rate of 40 C and extremely low capacity decay rate of only 0.021%per cycle over 300 cycles at 1 C.Therefore,this strategy provides a new direction for the development of next-generation high-energydensity SMBs.展开更多
The main objective of the study was to prepare a highly active antimicrobial remedy by combining active agents such as tannic acid and silver nanoparticles,which are usually used separately.This was achieved by applyi...The main objective of the study was to prepare a highly active antimicrobial remedy by combining active agents such as tannic acid and silver nanoparticles,which are usually used separately.This was achieved by applying a coating of 11 alternating layers of an insoluble complex of tannic acid with polyvinyl alcohol on paper by the layerby-layer approach,on the surface of which uniformly distributed spherical silver nanoparticles of uniform size,mainly 20–30 nm,were synthesized by in situ reduction using tannic acid,which also acts as a stabilizer,or an external reducing agent,which prevented polyphenol oxidation.This gave an insight into which form-oxidized or reduced-ismore active against microorganisms.It was shown that sterilization was not required after the coating of the paper with tannic acid and silver nanoparticles.When combined,their activity against the studied bacteria-gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus,as well as yeast Candida albicans was higher and lasting up to 7 days than when tannic acid and silver nanoparticles were used separately,indicating possible synergism in their action.展开更多
Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)to formic acid is considered an economically viable avenue toward carbon neutrality.Indium-based catalysts have garnered considerable attention in CO_(2)RR o...Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)to formic acid is considered an economically viable avenue toward carbon neutrality.Indium-based catalysts have garnered considerable attention in CO_(2)RR owing to their elevated hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)overpotential and eco-friendly characteristics.We have synthesized In2O_(3)nanofibers rich in oxygen vacancies using the electrospinning technique.The resultant 500-In_(2)O_(3)exhibited superior performance in converting CO_(2)RR to HCOOH,achieving an impressive formate Faradaic efficiency(FE)of 92.1% at a current density of-600 mA cm^(-2).Moreover,it demonstrated remarkable stability,maintaining its performance over 100 h at a current density of-300 mA cm^(-2)under a neutral electrolyte.Density functio nal theory(DFT)calculations,in conjunction with spectroscopic characterizations,have revealed that a Cl-modified In catalyst exhibits a lowered energy barrier for the formation of*HCOOH,while simultaneously inhibiting the generation of*H,in contrast to its pristine In counterpart.Ultimately,we successfully engineered a dual-electrode system capable of simultaneously producing formate at both the cathode and the anode.At a current density of-100 mA cm^(-2),our system achieves a reduction in energy consumption by 12.5% and a significant enhancement in electrical energy conversion efficiency by 39.9%.展开更多
The mainstream silver recovery has problems such as resource waste,weak silver selectivity,and complicated operation.Here,self-propelled magnetic enhanced capture hydrogel(magnetic NbFeB/MXene/GO,MNMGH)was prepared by...The mainstream silver recovery has problems such as resource waste,weak silver selectivity,and complicated operation.Here,self-propelled magnetic enhanced capture hydrogel(magnetic NbFeB/MXene/GO,MNMGH)was prepared by self-crosslinking encapsulation method.MNMGH achieved high selectivity(K_(d)=23.31 mL/g)in the acidic range,and exhibited ultrahigh silver recovery capacity(1604.8 mg/g),which greatly improved by 66%with the assistance of in-situ magnetic field.The recovered silver crystals could be directly physically exfoliated,without acid/base additions.The selective sieving effect of adsorption,MNMGH preferentially adsorbed Ag(I),and then selectively reduced to Ag(0),realizing dual-selective recovery.The in-situ magnetic field enhanced selective adsorption by enhancing mass transfer,reactivity of oxygen-containing functional groups.Furthermore,density function theory simulations demonstrated that the in-situ magnetic field could lower the silver reduction reaction energy barrier to enhance the selective reduction.Three-drive synergy system(reduction drive,adsorption drive and magnetic drive)achieved ultrahigh silver recovery performance.This study pioneered an in-situ magnetic field assisted enhancement strategy for dual-selective(adsorption/reduction)recovery of precious metal silver,which provided new idea for low-carbon recovery of noble metal from industrial waste liquids.展开更多
Silver is an elegant white precious metal,but it is easily oxidized by O3,SO2,and H2S in the air,turning yellow or dark,which affects its decorative effect.The existing silver coating,primarily prepared through the el...Silver is an elegant white precious metal,but it is easily oxidized by O3,SO2,and H2S in the air,turning yellow or dark,which affects its decorative effect.The existing silver coating,primarily prepared through the electroplating process,poses serious environmental pollution problems.It is necessary to seek new,green,and environmentally friendly coating processes while also enhancing the color palette of silver jewelry coatings.Titanium film layers were deposited on Ag925 and Ag999 surfaces using magnetron sputtering coating technology.The effects of sputtering time,substrate surface state,reaction gas type and time,and film thickness on the color of the film layers were studied,and the anti discoloration performance of the obtained film layers under the optimal process was tested.The experimental results show that when the sputtering time varies from 5 to 10 minutes,injecting argon,oxygen,and nitrogen into the coating chamber yields rich colors such as purple with a red tint,blue,yellow green,yellowish purple,and blue purple.The precise control of gas injection time has a significant impact on the color of the film layer.In terms of anti tarnish performance,the film showed good stability in the artificial sweat immersion test.From an environmental perspective,the magnetron sputtering titanium film process has no harmful gas or liquid emissions,which aligns with the sustainable development trend of the jewelry industry and holds great promise for application.This study has improved the visual effect and practical performance of the product,providing important theoretical basis and experimental data support for the application of environmentally friendly silver surface vacuum magnetron sputtering titanium thin film coating technology.展开更多
Phalaenopsis orchids are economically important ornamental crops;however,their commercial micropropagation is often limited by poor rooting efficiency and inconsistent growth.In this study,we investigated the effects ...Phalaenopsis orchids are economically important ornamental crops;however,their commercial micropropagation is often limited by poor rooting efficiency and inconsistent growth.In this study,we investigated the effects of silver nanoparticles(Ag-NPs)on the in vitro regeneration and growth of Phalaenopsis cultivar 611B to determine the optimal concentration of Ag-NPs for improved micropropagation outcomes.Shoot tip explants(2–3 mm)—derived from protocorm-like bodies were cultured on a regeneration medium containing Hyponex(20:20:20 and 6.5:6.5:19),18 g/L sugar,2 g/L peptone,0.8 g/L activated charcoal,12.5 g/L potato extract,50 mL/L apple juice,and 10 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine(6-BA),with varying concentrations of Ag-NPs(0,0.5,1.0,2.0,and 2.5 mg/L).After 10–12 weeks,shoot and root formation,plant height,fresh weight,leaf number,and chlorophyll contents were evaluated.At 1.0 mg/L Ag-NPs,shoot regeneration(5.4 vs.2.9 shoots per explant),root induction(2.1 vs.1.4 roots per explant),and shoot formation frequency(100%vs.55%)were significantly higher than the control(0 mg/L).Fresh weight(592.4 mg)and leaf number(9.7)also showed notable increases at this concentration.Although chlorophyll a and b levels peaked at 2.0 mg/L,the difference from 1.0 mg/L was not statistically significant.These results suggest that 1.0mg/LAg-NPs is the optimal concentration for enhancing shoot and root development and improving overall plantlet quality in Phalaenopsis.The findings highlight the potential of nanomaterials to improve the efficiency of orchid tissue culture systems.展开更多
Comparing to the conventional polyoxometalate(POM)-templated silver(Ag)clusters,asymmetrically covered POM-templated Ag clusters have been rarely reported.In this work,a new Ag cluster,H[Co(SiW_(11)O_(39))Co_(4)(OH)_(...Comparing to the conventional polyoxometalate(POM)-templated silver(Ag)clusters,asymmetrically covered POM-templated Ag clusters have been rarely reported.In this work,a new Ag cluster,H[Co(SiW_(11)O_(39))Co_(4)(OH)_(3)(NO_(3))_(2)(SiW_(9)O_(34))@Ag_(37)(^(t)BuC≡C)_(23)(NO_(3))_(2)(DMF)_(3)](Ag_(37)Co_(5)),has been successfully prepared using a facile solvothermal approach.Such a unique asymmetrical architecture is ascribed to the uneven charge distribution of the in situ generated[Co(SiW_(11)O_(39))]^(6-)and[Co_(4)(OH)_(3)(NO_(3))_(2)(SiW_(9)O_(34))]^(7-)moieties,leading to the asymmetrical coverage of alkynyl-protected Ag shell.Various physicochemical and catalytic studies revealed that the resulting solid-state Ag_(37)Co_(5) crystals exhibited interesting temperature-dependent photoluminescence property,efficient and recyclable photothermal conversion ability,and good catalytic activity towards the detoxication of 4-nitrophenol.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52203209)the State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials,China(No.SWR-2022-009)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.FRF-IDRY22-012)。
文摘Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)have attracted attention in the field of biomaterials due to their excellent antibacterial property.However,the reducing and stabilizing agents used for the chemical reduction of Ag NPs are usually toxic and may cause water pollution.In this work,Ag NPs(31.2 nm in diameter)were prepared using the extract of straw,an agricultural waste,as the reducing and stabilizing agent.Experimental analysis revealed that the straw extract contained lignin,the structure of which possesses phenolic hydroxyl and methoxy groups that facilitate the reduction of silver salts into Ag NPs.The surfaces of Ag NPs were negatively charged due to the encapsulation of a thin layer of lignin molecules that prevented their aggregation.After the prepared Ag NPs were added to the precursor solution of acrylamide,free radical polymerization was triggered without the need for extra heating or light irradiation,resulting in the rapid formation of an Ag NP-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel.The inhibition zone test proved that the composite hydrogel possessed excellent antibacterial ability due to the presence of Ag NPs.The prepared hydrogel may have potential applications in the fabrication of biomedical materials,such as antibacterial dressings.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41573121,42174115,42394114)Open Fundation of the United Laboratory of High-Pressure Physics and Earthquake Science(2019HPPES06)。
文摘Understanding the diffusion mechanisms of indium(In)in ZnS minerals can clarify the kinetic processes governing its migration,enrichment,or depletion in these typical In-host minerals,thereby establishing a theoretical foundation for the exploration of high-grade In deposits.This study investigates sphalerite and wurtzite to identify stable In incorporation sites and diffusion pathways,and systematically calculates In transport properties in two types of ZnS minerals using first-principles calculations combined with the climbing image-nudged elastic band(CI-NEB)method.The results demonstrate that structural anisotropy significantly governs In diffusion characteristics,with wurtzite exhibiting stronger directiondependent diffusion behavior and superior In retention capacity compared to sphalerite.Across the 0−10 GPa pressure range,In diffusion in wurtzite shows markedly higher anisotropy(2−3 orders of magnitude greater than in sphalerite)and consistently lower diffusion rates.Furthermore,closure temperature calculations reveal spatial heterogeneity,with the[111]direction in sphalerite(about 65 K higher than[110]direction)and the[001]direction in wurtzite(about 100 K higher than[100]direction)displaying elevated closure thresholds.Overall,wurtzite achieves higher closure temperatures than sphalerite.These computational findings indicate that wurtzite exhibits stronger In retention capabilities than sphalerite,suggesting its potential as a critical host mineral for In.These insights provide valuable implications for understanding In geochemical cycling and offer some guidance for mineral exploration and ore genesis studies.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC2907904)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52374364)。
文摘High-purity indium finds extensive application in the aerospace,electronics,medical,energy,and national defense sectors.Its purity and impurity contents significantly influence its performance in these applications.High-purity indium was prepared by combining zone refining with vacuum distillation.Results show that the average removal efficiency of impurity Sb can approach 95%,while the removal efficiency of impurities Sn and Bi can reach over 95%,and the removal efficiency of Si,Fe,Ni,and Pb can reach over 85%.Ultimately,the amount of Sn and Sb impurities is reduced to 2.0 and 4.1μg/kg,respectively,and that of most impurities,including Fe,Ni,Pb,and Bi,is reduced to levels below the instrumental detection limit.The average impurity removal efficiency is 90.9%,and the indium purity reaches 7N9.
文摘A Silver-catalyzed enantioselective[3+2]cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with activated alkenes by using a P-stereogenic ligand Ganphos is reported.The method provides an efficient strategy for the effective synthesis of spirocyclic scaffolds containing a pyrroline motif.Notable features of this approach include good yields,remarkable enantioselectivity,as well as a broad substrate scope and significant step efficiency.
文摘The potent antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles is primarily attributed to the release of silver ions,which disrupt cell membranes and inactivate essential enzymes through Ag−S bonding formation.[Objective]To explore silver ion immobilization to minimize silver release.[Methods]A macrocyclic cryptand with nitrogen bridgeheads was prepared and subsequently chelated with silver ions to produce Cage silver(I),which was then coordinated with different ratios of sulfonated chitosan(SCS)to form SCS/Cage Ag(I)complexes(SCA1,SCA2,and SCA3).The antioxidant activities of the complexes were assessed by reducing power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)free radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays.The antibacterial activities of the complexes were evaluated based on the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)and minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBCs)against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Escherichia coli O157:H7 and the inhibition rate on biofilm formation.[Results]Cage silver(I)exhibited strong antibacterial activity,with the MIC of 0.015 mg/mL and MBC of 0.031 mg/mL against S.aureus ATCC 6538,and the MIC of 0.031 mg/mL and MBC of 0.120 mg/mL against E.coli O157:H7.Significant antioxidant properties of Cage silver(I)were also observed,as demonstrated by the DPPH free radical scavenging rates of 42.2%and 53.1%at 326 nm and 517 nm,respectively.Cage silver(I)exhibited the highest antibacterial and antioxidant activities,followed by SCA1,SCA2,SCA3,and SCS,because the content of silver ions in Cage silver(I)was 10-fold higher than that in SCA1.The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of SCA1 were better than those of Cage silver(I),which further indicated that the sulfonic groups of SCS may intensely coordinate with silver ions to exert synergistic effects.[Conclusion]Combining the merits of silver ions and SCS improves the bioavailability of the agent at microbicidal concentrations,minimizes the accumulation in the environment,and reduces treatment costs.The method developed herein offers a sustainable approach to enhance microbial control while minimizing the impact on the environment.
文摘Herein,a one-pot chemical reduction method was reported to prepare folic acid(FA)-stabilized silver nanoclusters(FA@Ag NCs),in which FA,hydrazine hydrate,and silver nitrate were used as capping agent,reducing agent,and precursor,respectively.Several technologies were employed to investigate the structures and optical properties of FA@Ag NCs,including transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectrometer(XPS),Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR),X-ray diffractometer(XRD),fluorescence spectrometer,and ultraviolet visible absorption spectrometer.FA@Ag NCs were suggested to be highly dispersed and spherical with a size of around 2.8 nm.Moreover,the maximum excitation and emission wavelengths of FA@Ag NCs were 370 and 447 nm,respectively.Under the optimal detection conditions,FA@Ag NCs could be used to effectively detect malachite green with the linear detection range of 0.5-200μmol·L^(-1).The detection limit was 0.084μmol·L^(-1).The fluorescence-quenching mechanism was ascribed to the static quenching.The detection system based on FA@AgNCs was successfully used for the detection of malachite green in actual samples with good accuracy and reproducibility.
文摘Outdoor jackets are engineered to protect against extreme weather while ensuring comfort and safety. Key to this protection is the thermal properties, achieved through insulation materials like down feathers and synthetic fibers, which trap heat and minimize heat loss. Resistance to wind, rain, and snow is provided by waterproof and windproof fabrics, while breathability allows moisture to escape, maintaining a comfortable microclimate. Air permeability and water resistance are essential for achieving this balance. This study examines two outdoor jacket prototypes with six material layers each. The outer layer (Layer 1) consists of 100% polyester coated with polyurethane for waterproofing. Inner layers (Layers 2, 3, and 6) use wool/cotton and wool/polyamide blends, offering insulation and moisture-wicking properties. Down feathers are used as the filling material, providing excellent warmth. Advanced materials like graphene and silver honeycomb fabrics were included to enhance thermal conductivity and regulate heat transfer. Performance testing focused on thermal conductivity, comfort (water and air permeability), and mechanical properties like tensile strength and tear resistance. Tests also assessed spray application and fastness to evaluate durability under environmental exposure. Results showed that jackets with silver-infused honeycomb fabrics had superior thermal conductivity, enabling better heat regulation and comfort in harsh conditions. The findings highlight the advantages of integrating silver honeycomb fabrics into outdoor jackets. These materials enhance insulation, thermal regulation, and overall comfort, making them ideal for high-performance designs. Incorporating such fabrics ensures functionality, durability, and user protection in extreme environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51972079 and 52302062)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFB370630202 and 2022YFB3706305).
文摘Electronic 3D printing possesses a remarkable molding ability and convenience in integrated circuits,flexible wearables,and individual automobile requirements.However,traditional 3D printing technology still struggles to meet the demands of high precision and high efficiency in the process of fabricating a curved surface circuit,particularly achieving precise silver circuit molding on irregular substrates.Here,a high-precision and muti-scaled conformal manufacturing method for silver circuits is presented through the digital light processing(DLP)of ultraviolet-curable silver paste(UV-SP)with adjustable photocuring properties,enabling the successful preparation of micro-scaled conductive structure on the sharply skewed hook face.The minimum modeling depth and width of the cured silver paste can be well controlled to 10 and 88µm,respectively.Compared with traditional printing technology,the printing efficiency of complex patterns has increased by over 70%.The printed silver circuit demonstrates an exceptionally high electrical conductivity,reaching as high as 1.16×10^(7) S/m.Additionally,the UV-SP exhibits significant manufacturing efficiency and superior molding resolution compared to conventional direct ink writing and inkjet printing techniques,thereby contributing to the attainment of high precision and efficiency of conformal and micro-molding manufacturing in sensors,communication antennas,and other electronic devices based on curved substrates.
基金funding support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFB0408002)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Z240024)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22279083,22461160281,W2412076)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2022B1515120006)the Central Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Special Fund Project(Grant No.ZYYD2024JD24)。
文摘Tandem solar cells(TSCs)represent an attractive technology that can overcome the single-junction Shockdey-Queisser limit.Recently,a tandem structure combining wide-bandgap metal halide perovskite with complementary bandgap copper indium gallium selenide(CIGS)photovoltaic technology has demonstrated a realistic pathway to achieve the industrialization goal of pushing power conversion efficiency(PCE)approaching 30% at low-cost.In this review,we first pinpoint the unique advantage of perovskite/CIGS tandems with respect to the other mainstream photovoltaic technologies and retrospect the research progress of perovskite/CIGS TSCs from both PCE and stability perspective in the last years.Next,we comprehensively discuss the major advancements in absorbers,functional layers of the individual sub-cell,and the interconnection layer between them in the recent decade.Finally,we outline several essential scientific and engineering challenges that are to be solved toward the development of efficient,long-term stable,and large-area perovskite/CIGS TSCs in the future.
文摘Objective:To develop chitosan-silver nanoparticles targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and verify their antibacterial performance through animal experiments.Methods:Chitosan,silver nitrate,glacial acetic acid,and other chemical reagents were used to synthesize chitosan-silver nanoparticles.The characterization,minimum inhibitory concentration,and biofilm inhibition rate of the chitosan-silver nanoparticles were tested.A total of 40 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups.After routine adaptive feeding,the control group received intraperitoneal injection of normal saline;the model group received intraperitoneal injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspension;the positive group received intraperitoneal injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspension mixed with ampicillin at a volume ratio of 1∶1;the observation group received intraperitoneal injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspension mixed with chitosan-silver nanoparticles(at minimum inhibitory concentration)at a volume ratio of 1∶1.Bacterial load,inflammatory factors,and liver and kidney function indicators in tissues were observed and compared among the four groups on the 3^(rd)day after treatment.Results:When the concentration of chitosansilver nanoparticles reached 8μg/mL or above,the OD value of the experimental wells was close to that of the control wells,indicating that 8μg/mL was the minimum inhibitory concentration of the chitosan-silver nanoparticles;at concentrations of 8μg/mL or above,the biofilm inhibition rate was greater than 80%.The bacterial load in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the model and positive groups(P<0.05).The expression levels of interleukin-6,interferon-γ,and tumor necrosis factor-αin the observation group were significantly lower than those in the model and positive groups(P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,blood urea nitrogen,and creatinine levels among the four groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:The chitosan-silver nanoparticles targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms constructed in this study exhibit good antibacterial effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and have good safety.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3806300).
文摘Infrared-transparent conductors have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in electromagnetic shielding,infrared sensors,and photovoltaic devices.However,most known materials face the critical challenge of balancing high infrared transmittance with high electrical conductivity across the broad infrared spectral band(2.5-25μm).While ultra-thin indium tin oxide(ITO)films have been demonstrated to exhibit superior infrared transmittance,their inherent low electrical conductivity necessitates additional enhancement strategies.This study systematically investigates the effects of oxygen vacancy concentration regulation and ultra-thin copper capping layer integration on the infrared optoelectronic properties of 20 nm-thick ITO films.A fundamental trade-off is revealed in ITO films that increased oxygen vacancy content enhances the electrical conductivity while compromising the infrared transmittance.Meanwhile,following the introduction of a Cu capping layer,the Cu/ITO system exhibits opposing dependencies of infrared transmittance and electrical conductivity on the capping layer thickness,with an optimum thickness of~3 nm.Finally,by constructing a Cu(3 nm)/ITO(20 nm)heterostructure with varying oxygen vacancy content,we demonstrate the combined effect of the ultra-thin Cu capping layer and moderate oxygen vacancy content on optimizing the carrier transport network.This configuration simultaneously minimizes surface/interfacial reflection and absorption losses,achieving high infrared transmittance(0.861)and a low sheet resistance of 400 W/sq.Our findings highlight the critical role of the combined effect of metal/oxide heterostructure design and defect engineering in optimizing infrared-transparent conductive properties.
基金supporting this work through an ARC linkage grant(LP190101230)Part of this work was funded by ARC DP220100500+2 种基金The authors acknowledge the use of the instruments and scientific and technical assistance at the Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy,Monash University,a Microscopy Australia(ROR:042mm0k03)facility supported by NCRISThis research used equipment funded by Australian Research Council grant(s)(LE200100132,LE110100223).
文摘Copper extraction from chalcopyrite is challenging,because acid dissolution is slow,occurring incongruently via a complex three-step reaction mechanism.Silver has been known to catalyse copper extraction from chalcopyrite since the 1970's;yet the mechanism remains controversial.Microcharacterisation of experimental products obtained under optimal leaching conditions(50-150μm chalcopyrite grains in ferric/ferrous-sulfate solution with a redox potential around 500 mV vs.Ag/AgCl,approximately 1ppm Ag;[Ag]6.4×10^(−6)mol/L;70℃;4 days)highlights the heterogeneity of the reaction:µm-thick layers of a porous copper-sulfide with variable composition formed both in cracks within,and on the surface of the chalcopyrite grains.There is no evidence for formation of Ag-rich phases(Ag_(2)S_((s)),Ag_((s)^(0))).The fundamental three-step reaction mechanism remains the same with or without added silver;silver merely accelerates the initial dissolution step.An integrated model for the catalytic effect of silver is proposed that incorporates recent advances in the reactivity of sulfide minerals.The initial reaction follows a‘Fluid-Induced Solid State Diffusion Mechanism’,where diffusion of Fe in the chalcopyrite lattice is driven towards the surface by its rapid removal into solution,resulting in a Fe-deficient surface layer.The large Ag+ion,relative to Cu+/Fe3+,diffuses into this Fe-deficient surface layer and accelerates chalcopyrite dissolution in the subsequent step,whereby chalcopyrite is replaced by copper sulfides via an interface coupled dissolution reprecipitation reaction as a consequence of the sulfide-rich micro-environment at the mineral surface.Effective Ag+recycling is key to the catalytic effect of silver,and occurs as a result of the strong affinity of Ag+for bisulfide ligands accumulating at the surface of dissolving chalcopyrite.
文摘In thefield of material sciences,nano-based formulations have attracted the attention of researchers,as they are highly suit-able for applications in differentfields.Conventionally,physical and chemical techniques have been employed to synthesize silver nanoparticles(AgNPs).However,they use hazardous and poisonous ingredients,which are toxic to human health and the environment.Therefore,it necessitates the development of an eco-friendly and economical method for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles.Biogenic AgNPs have been synthesized using plants and microorganisms due to the presence of reducing agents such as metabolites and enzymes in their extracts.The size,shape,and other properties of the biogenic AgNPs have been characterized using various biophysical techniques.AgNPs are widely used to treat infections and diseases in humans and plants.They have demonstrated antifungal and antibacterial activities and,therefore,have been applied in various therapeutic applications like the treatment of cancer,wound dressing,orthopedic and cardiovascular implants,and dental composites.Biogenic AgNPs have been applied for the remediation of environmental pollution,including that of water and air via the detoxification of synthetic dyes and other contaminants.They have improved seed germination and plant growth after application as nanofertilizers and nano-pesticides,as well as in masking the effects of stress.This review describes various biological routes used in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their potential applications in agricultural,environmental,and medicalfields.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 22125903,51925207,22439003)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant 2022YFA1504100,2023YFB4005204)+2 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Catalysis(No:2024SKL-A-001,2024SKL-B-003)the Energy Revolution S&T Program of Yulin Innovation Institute of Clean Energy(Grant E412010508,E411070316,E411100705)DICP(DICP I202324,DICP I202471)。
文摘Na metal batteries(SMBs)have emerged as a fascinating choice for large-scale energy storage.However,dendrite formation on Na metal anode has been acknowledged to cause inferior cycling stability and safety issues.Herein,we report the design of atomic indium-decorated graphene(In/G)to inhibit the growth of Na dendrites and substantially improve the stability of high-energy-density SMBs.Benefiting from the high-valence In-O-C configuration and evenly distributed sodiophilic sites,the In/G promotes uniform nucleation and in-plane growth of Na on the electrode surface,resulting in the intrinsic suppression of Na dendrites.Remarkably,the In/G@Na||Na batteries exhibit excellent long-term cyclability with 160 h at 8 mA cm^(-2)and ultralow overpotential of 110 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2).The Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)||In/G@Na full batteries show exceptionally high reversible discharge capacity of 61 mAh g^(-1)at an ultrahigh rate of 40 C and extremely low capacity decay rate of only 0.021%per cycle over 300 cycles at 1 C.Therefore,this strategy provides a new direction for the development of next-generation high-energydensity SMBs.
基金funded by the Russian Science Foundation,grant 22-13-00337.
文摘The main objective of the study was to prepare a highly active antimicrobial remedy by combining active agents such as tannic acid and silver nanoparticles,which are usually used separately.This was achieved by applying a coating of 11 alternating layers of an insoluble complex of tannic acid with polyvinyl alcohol on paper by the layerby-layer approach,on the surface of which uniformly distributed spherical silver nanoparticles of uniform size,mainly 20–30 nm,were synthesized by in situ reduction using tannic acid,which also acts as a stabilizer,or an external reducing agent,which prevented polyphenol oxidation.This gave an insight into which form-oxidized or reduced-ismore active against microorganisms.It was shown that sterilization was not required after the coating of the paper with tannic acid and silver nanoparticles.When combined,their activity against the studied bacteria-gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus,as well as yeast Candida albicans was higher and lasting up to 7 days than when tannic acid and silver nanoparticles were used separately,indicating possible synergism in their action.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFA1508002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22472139,U23A2087,U22A20392,22227802,22372137,22172126 and 22102136)+3 种基金the Joint Fund of the Yulin University and the Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy(YLU-DNL Fund 2022008)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(2022J01044)the XMU Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates(202410384030,S_(2)02310384242)Supporting Project Number(RSP2025R304),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia。
文摘Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)to formic acid is considered an economically viable avenue toward carbon neutrality.Indium-based catalysts have garnered considerable attention in CO_(2)RR owing to their elevated hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)overpotential and eco-friendly characteristics.We have synthesized In2O_(3)nanofibers rich in oxygen vacancies using the electrospinning technique.The resultant 500-In_(2)O_(3)exhibited superior performance in converting CO_(2)RR to HCOOH,achieving an impressive formate Faradaic efficiency(FE)of 92.1% at a current density of-600 mA cm^(-2).Moreover,it demonstrated remarkable stability,maintaining its performance over 100 h at a current density of-300 mA cm^(-2)under a neutral electrolyte.Density functio nal theory(DFT)calculations,in conjunction with spectroscopic characterizations,have revealed that a Cl-modified In catalyst exhibits a lowered energy barrier for the formation of*HCOOH,while simultaneously inhibiting the generation of*H,in contrast to its pristine In counterpart.Ultimately,we successfully engineered a dual-electrode system capable of simultaneously producing formate at both the cathode and the anode.At a current density of-100 mA cm^(-2),our system achieves a reduction in energy consumption by 12.5% and a significant enhancement in electrical energy conversion efficiency by 39.9%.
基金supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China(52170087,22276137).
文摘The mainstream silver recovery has problems such as resource waste,weak silver selectivity,and complicated operation.Here,self-propelled magnetic enhanced capture hydrogel(magnetic NbFeB/MXene/GO,MNMGH)was prepared by self-crosslinking encapsulation method.MNMGH achieved high selectivity(K_(d)=23.31 mL/g)in the acidic range,and exhibited ultrahigh silver recovery capacity(1604.8 mg/g),which greatly improved by 66%with the assistance of in-situ magnetic field.The recovered silver crystals could be directly physically exfoliated,without acid/base additions.The selective sieving effect of adsorption,MNMGH preferentially adsorbed Ag(I),and then selectively reduced to Ag(0),realizing dual-selective recovery.The in-situ magnetic field enhanced selective adsorption by enhancing mass transfer,reactivity of oxygen-containing functional groups.Furthermore,density function theory simulations demonstrated that the in-situ magnetic field could lower the silver reduction reaction energy barrier to enhance the selective reduction.Three-drive synergy system(reduction drive,adsorption drive and magnetic drive)achieved ultrahigh silver recovery performance.This study pioneered an in-situ magnetic field assisted enhancement strategy for dual-selective(adsorption/reduction)recovery of precious metal silver,which provided new idea for low-carbon recovery of noble metal from industrial waste liquids.
文摘Silver is an elegant white precious metal,but it is easily oxidized by O3,SO2,and H2S in the air,turning yellow or dark,which affects its decorative effect.The existing silver coating,primarily prepared through the electroplating process,poses serious environmental pollution problems.It is necessary to seek new,green,and environmentally friendly coating processes while also enhancing the color palette of silver jewelry coatings.Titanium film layers were deposited on Ag925 and Ag999 surfaces using magnetron sputtering coating technology.The effects of sputtering time,substrate surface state,reaction gas type and time,and film thickness on the color of the film layers were studied,and the anti discoloration performance of the obtained film layers under the optimal process was tested.The experimental results show that when the sputtering time varies from 5 to 10 minutes,injecting argon,oxygen,and nitrogen into the coating chamber yields rich colors such as purple with a red tint,blue,yellow green,yellowish purple,and blue purple.The precise control of gas injection time has a significant impact on the color of the film layer.In terms of anti tarnish performance,the film showed good stability in the artificial sweat immersion test.From an environmental perspective,the magnetron sputtering titanium film process has no harmful gas or liquid emissions,which aligns with the sustainable development trend of the jewelry industry and holds great promise for application.This study has improved the visual effect and practical performance of the product,providing important theoretical basis and experimental data support for the application of environmentally friendly silver surface vacuum magnetron sputtering titanium thin film coating technology.
文摘Phalaenopsis orchids are economically important ornamental crops;however,their commercial micropropagation is often limited by poor rooting efficiency and inconsistent growth.In this study,we investigated the effects of silver nanoparticles(Ag-NPs)on the in vitro regeneration and growth of Phalaenopsis cultivar 611B to determine the optimal concentration of Ag-NPs for improved micropropagation outcomes.Shoot tip explants(2–3 mm)—derived from protocorm-like bodies were cultured on a regeneration medium containing Hyponex(20:20:20 and 6.5:6.5:19),18 g/L sugar,2 g/L peptone,0.8 g/L activated charcoal,12.5 g/L potato extract,50 mL/L apple juice,and 10 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine(6-BA),with varying concentrations of Ag-NPs(0,0.5,1.0,2.0,and 2.5 mg/L).After 10–12 weeks,shoot and root formation,plant height,fresh weight,leaf number,and chlorophyll contents were evaluated.At 1.0 mg/L Ag-NPs,shoot regeneration(5.4 vs.2.9 shoots per explant),root induction(2.1 vs.1.4 roots per explant),and shoot formation frequency(100%vs.55%)were significantly higher than the control(0 mg/L).Fresh weight(592.4 mg)and leaf number(9.7)also showed notable increases at this concentration.Although chlorophyll a and b levels peaked at 2.0 mg/L,the difference from 1.0 mg/L was not statistically significant.These results suggest that 1.0mg/LAg-NPs is the optimal concentration for enhancing shoot and root development and improving overall plantlet quality in Phalaenopsis.The findings highlight the potential of nanomaterials to improve the efficiency of orchid tissue culture systems.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21871025,21831001)the Recruitment Program of Global Experts(Young Talents)Beijing Institute of Technology(BIT)Excellent Young Scholars Research Fund.
文摘Comparing to the conventional polyoxometalate(POM)-templated silver(Ag)clusters,asymmetrically covered POM-templated Ag clusters have been rarely reported.In this work,a new Ag cluster,H[Co(SiW_(11)O_(39))Co_(4)(OH)_(3)(NO_(3))_(2)(SiW_(9)O_(34))@Ag_(37)(^(t)BuC≡C)_(23)(NO_(3))_(2)(DMF)_(3)](Ag_(37)Co_(5)),has been successfully prepared using a facile solvothermal approach.Such a unique asymmetrical architecture is ascribed to the uneven charge distribution of the in situ generated[Co(SiW_(11)O_(39))]^(6-)and[Co_(4)(OH)_(3)(NO_(3))_(2)(SiW_(9)O_(34))]^(7-)moieties,leading to the asymmetrical coverage of alkynyl-protected Ag shell.Various physicochemical and catalytic studies revealed that the resulting solid-state Ag_(37)Co_(5) crystals exhibited interesting temperature-dependent photoluminescence property,efficient and recyclable photothermal conversion ability,and good catalytic activity towards the detoxication of 4-nitrophenol.
