Indole is a signalling molecule produced both by bacteria and plants.In this review its signalling role between microbes and in particular in the human gut is discussed.Besides the natural roles,indole also has value ...Indole is a signalling molecule produced both by bacteria and plants.In this review its signalling role between microbes and in particular in the human gut is discussed.Besides the natural roles,indole also has value for flavour and fragrance applications,for example,in food industry or perfumery.Additionally,indole can be derivatized to several halogenated and oxygenated compounds that can be used as natural colourants or have promising bioactivity with therapeutic potential to treat human diseases.Indole is traditionally obtained from coal tar.Biocatalytic approaches have been developed to convert indole into halogenated and oxygenated derivatives.This review will discuss recent advances in production of indole from glucose or tryptophan by fermentation and the production of derived halogenated and oxygenated derivatives by microbial cell factories.展开更多
Indigoids,a class of bis-indoles,have long been applied in dyeing,food,and pharmaceutical industries.Recently,interest in these‘old’molecules has been renewed in the field of organic semiconductors as functional bui...Indigoids,a class of bis-indoles,have long been applied in dyeing,food,and pharmaceutical industries.Recently,interest in these‘old’molecules has been renewed in the field of organic semiconductors as functional building blocks for organic electronics due to their excellent chemical and physical properties.However,these indigo derivatives are difficult to access through chemical synthesis.In this study,we engineer cytochrome P450 BM3 from an NADPH-dependent monooxygenase to peroxygenases through directed evolution.A select number of P450 BM3 variants are used for the selective oxidation of indole derivatives to form different indigoid pigments with a spectrum of colors.Among the prepared indigoid organic photocatalysts,a majority of indigoids demonstrate a reduced band gap than indigo due to the increased light capture and improved charge separation,making them promising candidates for the development of new organic electronic devices.Thus,we present a useful enzymatic approach with broad substrate scope and cost-effectiveness by using low-cost H2O2 as a cofactor for the preparation of diversified indigoids,offering versatility in designing and manufacturing new dyestuff and electronic/sensor components.展开更多
基金Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.Support of the ERA CoBioTech project INDIE(European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No.722361)with national funding is acknowledged by KC and MM(Dutch research council(NWO)grant number 053.80.732)LF and VFW(Renewable Resources Scheme(FNR)of the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture,Germany,grant number 22023517).
文摘Indole is a signalling molecule produced both by bacteria and plants.In this review its signalling role between microbes and in particular in the human gut is discussed.Besides the natural roles,indole also has value for flavour and fragrance applications,for example,in food industry or perfumery.Additionally,indole can be derivatized to several halogenated and oxygenated compounds that can be used as natural colourants or have promising bioactivity with therapeutic potential to treat human diseases.Indole is traditionally obtained from coal tar.Biocatalytic approaches have been developed to convert indole into halogenated and oxygenated derivatives.This review will discuss recent advances in production of indole from glucose or tryptophan by fermentation and the production of derived halogenated and oxygenated derivatives by microbial cell factories.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0905100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32025001,32071266 and 32170088)+1 种基金the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2019ZD20)the State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology Open Projects Fund(Project NO.M2022-01).
文摘Indigoids,a class of bis-indoles,have long been applied in dyeing,food,and pharmaceutical industries.Recently,interest in these‘old’molecules has been renewed in the field of organic semiconductors as functional building blocks for organic electronics due to their excellent chemical and physical properties.However,these indigo derivatives are difficult to access through chemical synthesis.In this study,we engineer cytochrome P450 BM3 from an NADPH-dependent monooxygenase to peroxygenases through directed evolution.A select number of P450 BM3 variants are used for the selective oxidation of indole derivatives to form different indigoid pigments with a spectrum of colors.Among the prepared indigoid organic photocatalysts,a majority of indigoids demonstrate a reduced band gap than indigo due to the increased light capture and improved charge separation,making them promising candidates for the development of new organic electronic devices.Thus,we present a useful enzymatic approach with broad substrate scope and cost-effectiveness by using low-cost H2O2 as a cofactor for the preparation of diversified indigoids,offering versatility in designing and manufacturing new dyestuff and electronic/sensor components.
