This article is a summary of the historical background to Isatis tinctoria in France and elsewhere from the 12th to the 21st century. Isatis tinctoria, also called “Guède”, “Pastel” or “Vouède” accordi...This article is a summary of the historical background to Isatis tinctoria in France and elsewhere from the 12th to the 21st century. Isatis tinctoria, also called “Guède”, “Pastel” or “Vouède” according to the French region origin, is a plant originally used to obtain indigo blue dye mainly to produce colored blue fabrics. A local memory is well established in the Amiens region (northern France) and the Toulouse region (south-western France). No global review of its culture and trade over the long term is known. The aim of this article is to summarize the historical background of Isatis tinctoria in France and elsewhere from the twelfth to the twenty-first century.展开更多
This study presents a novel photocatalytic system exploiting the unique properties of ZrO_(2) and its integration with layered double hydroxide(LDH)films on porous coatings produced via plasma electrolytic oxidation(PE...This study presents a novel photocatalytic system exploiting the unique properties of ZrO_(2) and its integration with layered double hydroxide(LDH)films on porous coatings produced via plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO).Herein,CoFe-LDHfilms were created on the porous surface of PEO-coated AZ31 Mg alloy using a hydrothermal treatment in cobalt and iron nitrate solutions,followed by a secondary hydrothermal process in a ZrO_(2) solution for 10 h at 70℃.The impact of ZrO_(2) on the morphological,compositional,and photocatalytic performance was then compared to the case where ZrO_(2) nanoparticles were electrophoretically incorporated into the porous PEO coating.Characterization results revealed that the ZrO_(2)-modified LDH coatings exhibited a dispersedflake-like structure with an increased surface area,a reduced band gap energy of 3.14 eV,and enhanced electron-hole separation.Experimental results demonstrated an outstanding 99.8%degradation of indigo carmine within 15 mins,with remarkable multi-cycle stability overfive consecutive cycles without significant performance decline.This system demonstrates faster degradation rates and greater durability compared to previously reported catalysts,underscoring its potential for effective and sustainable environmental remediation.The synergistic integration of ZrO_(2),LDH,and PEO highlights a promising strategy for wastewater treatment,particularly for the removal of persistent organic dyes like indigo carmine.展开更多
Taking the Hotel Indigo Shanghai on the Bund as an example,this paper explores the localization of international high-end boutique hotels in China by using the methods of literature research and case study.The results...Taking the Hotel Indigo Shanghai on the Bund as an example,this paper explores the localization of international high-end boutique hotels in China by using the methods of literature research and case study.The results show that the localization of international high-end boutique hotels is embodied in brand building,spatial layout,service design and cultural activity planning,and that the perfect integration of international brand concept and local culture is an important factor for its success in the Chinese market.The research aims to provide reference for promoting the in-depth development and integration of international high-end boutique hotels in the Chinese market and the localization process of state-owned high-end boutique hotels in the future host country.展开更多
Degradation of the Indigo Carmine(IC) by the bipolar pulsed DBD in water-air mixture was studied. Effects of various parameters such as gas flow rate, solution conductivity, pulse repetitive rate and ect., on color re...Degradation of the Indigo Carmine(IC) by the bipolar pulsed DBD in water-air mixture was studied. Effects of various parameters such as gas flow rate, solution conductivity, pulse repetitive rate and ect., on color removal efficiency of dying wastewater were investigated. Concentrations of gas phase O 3 and aqueous phase H 2O 2 under various conditions were measured. Experimental results showed that air bubbling facilitates the breakdown of water and promotes generation of chemically active species. Color removal efficiency of IC solution can be greatly improved by the air aeration under various solution conductivities. Decolorization efficiency increases with the increase of the gas flow rate, and decreases with the increase of the initial solution conductivity. A higher pulse repetitive rate and a larger pulse capacitor C\-p are favorable for the decolorization process. Ozone and hydrogen peroxide formed decreases with the increase of initial solution conductivity. In addition, preliminary analysis of the decolorization mechanisms is given.展开更多
[ Object] The study aimed to discuss the decolorization on indigo dyeing wastewater by laccase from Coriolus versicolor. [ Method ] Firstly, the effects of temperature, pH, indigo concentration, HBT concentration, lac...[ Object] The study aimed to discuss the decolorization on indigo dyeing wastewater by laccase from Coriolus versicolor. [ Method ] Firstly, the effects of temperature, pH, indigo concentration, HBT concentration, laccase dosage on the decolorization of indigo dyeing wastewater by laccase/HBT, and then the synergism of laccase and acid cellulase was analyzed. [Result] Using ABTS as the substrate, the kinetic parame- ters, K,, and Vmax, were 0.318 mmol/L and 0.035 5 mmol/（ L . min） respectively. The decolorization rate of indigo reached 96.5% when the lacca- se acted on indigo for 40 min with HBT as an introducer at temperature 50 ℃, pH =4.5, indigo concentration 100 mg/L, HBT concentration 0.1% and laccase dosage 100 lU/L. Due to the synergism of laccase and acid cellulase during the bio-finishing of blue jeans, the backstaining degree of blue jeans reduced by 85% when the amount of laccase added was 15 000 IU/kg. Menawhile, the synergism of the laccase and acid cellulase de- creased indigo concentration in wastewater by 83.8%. [ Conclusion ] The laccase from Coriolus versicolor had a good prospect in the bio-finishing of blue jeans and the decolorization of indigo dyeing wastewater.展开更多
There are two major camouflage protections in modern military tactics:UV-protection and near infrared camouflage.However,not all natural and composite dyestuffs provide the mentioned properties.In this study,the cotto...There are two major camouflage protections in modern military tactics:UV-protection and near infrared camouflage.However,not all natural and composite dyestuffs provide the mentioned properties.In this study,the cotton fabric was dyed with natural indigo and the natural indigo dyeing process was optimized.Green leaves were chosen as the simulating object,and the camouflage properties of the dyed cotton fabric were evaluated.It was observed that the dyed cotton fabric had good UV-protection and near-infrared camouflage properties.The UV-protection effect was strongly dependent on the absorption characteristics of natural indigo for UV radiation.The near infrared camouflage effect was mainly dependent on the reflection spectrum characteristics of natural indigo in the near infrared waveband.展开更多
In this study, C,N,S-doped ZrO2 and a series of Eu doped C,N,S-ZrO2 photocatalysts were synthesized by a coprecipitation method using thiourea as the source of C, N and S and Eu（NO3）·6H2O as source of Eu. The m...In this study, C,N,S-doped ZrO2 and a series of Eu doped C,N,S-ZrO2 photocatalysts were synthesized by a coprecipitation method using thiourea as the source of C, N and S and Eu（NO3）·6H2O as source of Eu. The materials were characterized by X-ray dif-fraction （XRD）, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. Indigo carmine （IC） was chosen as a model for organic pollutants and used to evaluate the photocatalytic performance of the photo-catalysts under simulated solar light. Commercial ZrO2 was used as a reference material. XRD and Raman results indicated the for-mation of both tetragonal and monoclinic phase ZrO2 with particle size ranging from 8–30 nm. Multi-element doping had a great in-fluence on the optical responses manifested as red shift in the absorption edge. The highest photocatalytic activity towards IC was observed for the Eu,C,N,S-doped ZrO2 （0.6 mol.%Eu） sample （k=1.09×10–2 min–1）. The commercial ZrO2 showed the lowest photo-degradation activity （k=5.83×10–4 min–1）. The results showed that the control of Eu doping in the C,N,S-ZrO2 was very important in reducing electron-hole recombination. The synergistic effect of Eu, C, N, and S in the ZrO2 matrix led to enhanced utilization of simulated solar energy for the degradation of IC through narrowing of bandgaps.展开更多
The ability of catalyzing indole into indigo of gene engineering strain expressing P450 BM3 immobi- lized by entrapment in calcium-alginate gel capsules was examined,and various characteristics of immobilized cells we...The ability of catalyzing indole into indigo of gene engineering strain expressing P450 BM3 immobi- lized by entrapment in calcium-alginate gel capsules was examined,and various characteristics of immobilized cells were assessed.Optimum conditions for cells activity were not affected after immobilization,and pH and tempera- ture for both free and immobilized cells were found to be pH 7.5 and 35℃,respectively.The immobilized cells ex- hibited a markedly improved thermal stability than free cells.After five repeated experiments,the yield of indigo with the immobilized cells retained over 94%of their original activity,which indicated that the operational stability for recycling in batch processes was improved.展开更多
Bioconversion of lignocellulosic wastes to higher value products through fungal fermentation has economic and ecological benefits. In this study, to develop an effective strategy for production of manganese peroxidase...Bioconversion of lignocellulosic wastes to higher value products through fungal fermentation has economic and ecological benefits. In this study, to develop an effective strategy for production of manganese peroxidase(Mn P)from cassava residue by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in solid state fermentation, the stimulators of Mn P production were screened and their concentrations were optimized by one-at-a-time experiment and Box–Behnken design. The maximum Mn P activity of 186.38 nkat·g-1dry mass of the sample was achieved after 6 days of fermentation with the supplement of 79.5 mmol·L-1·kg-1acetic acid, 3.21 ml·kg-1soybean oil, and 28.5 g·kg-1alkaline lignin, indicating that cassava residue is a promising substrate for Mn P production in solid state fermentation. Meanwhile, in vitro decolorization of indigo carmine by the crude Mn P was also carried out, attaining the ratio of 90.18% after 6 h of incubation. An oxidative mechanism of indigo carmine decolorization by Mn P was proposed based on the analysis of intermediate metabolites with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Using the crude Mn P produced from cassava residue for indigo carmine decolorization gives an effective approach to treat dyeing effluents.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the protective effect of Qingdai(Indigo Naturalis,QD)on ulcerative colitis(UC)by means of in silico and in vivo approaches.METHODS:A systems pharmacology analysis was performed to predict the ac...OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the protective effect of Qingdai(Indigo Naturalis,QD)on ulcerative colitis(UC)by means of in silico and in vivo approaches.METHODS:A systems pharmacology analysis was performed to predict the active components of QD whereas the putative biological targets of QD against UC were obtained through target fishing,network cons-truction and enrichment analyses.Meanwhile,we examined the ameliorative effect of QD in a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis.During the 10-day experiment,the control and diseased mice were given with oral gavages of QD(1.3 g raw herbs·kg^(-1)·d^(-1))or 5-aminosalicylic acid(5-ASA,100 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1))every day.The underlying pharma-cological mechanisms of QD in UC were determined using polymerase chain reaction tests,histological staining,enzyme-linked immunoassays,and Western blotting analysis.RESULTS:Searching from various network pharmacology databases,29 compounds were identified in QD.According to the screening criteria suggested by TCMSP(i.e.OB≥30%and DL≥0.18),nine of them were considered the active ingredients that contribute to the ameliorative effects of QD on different mouse models of colitis.Most importantly,the protective effect of QD on DSS-induced colitis was significantly associated with modulations of the expression levels of glycogen synthase kinase 3-β(Gsk3-β)and forkhead box p3(Foxp3),which are widely considered as important regulators of excessive inflammatory responses.CONCLUSIONS:The results of this study provide solid scientific evidence for the use of QD or its core active components in the clinical management of UC.展开更多
BACKGROUND Accurate diagnosis and early resection of colorectal polyps are important to prevent the occurrence of colorectal cancer.However,technical factors and morphological factors of polyps itself can lead to miss...BACKGROUND Accurate diagnosis and early resection of colorectal polyps are important to prevent the occurrence of colorectal cancer.However,technical factors and morphological factors of polyps itself can lead to missed diagnoses.Imageenhanced endoscopy and chromoendoscopy(CE)have been developed to facilitate an accurate diagnosis.There have been no reports on visibility using a combination of texture and color enhancement imaging(TXI)and CE for colorectal tumors.AIM To investigate the visibility of margins and surfaces with the combination of TXI and CE for colorectal lesions.METHODS This retrospective study included patients who underwent lower gastrointestinal endoscopy at the Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic.We extracted polyps that were resected and diagnosed as adenomas or serrated polyps(hyperplastic polyps and sessile serrated lesions)from our endoscopic database.An expert endoscopist performed the lower gastrointestinal endoscopies and observed the lesion using white light imaging(WLI),TXI,CE,and TXI+CE modalities.Indigo carmine dye was used for CE.Three expert endoscopists rated the visibility of the margin and surface patterns in four ranks,from 1 to 4.The primary outcomes were the average visibility scores for the margin and surface patterns based on the WLI,TXI,CE,and TXI+CE observations.Visibility scores between the four modalities were compared by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests.RESULTS A total of 48 patients with 81 polyps were assessed.The histological subtypes included 50 tubular adenomas,16 hyperplastic polyps,and 15 sessile serrated lesions.The visibility scores for the margins based on WLI,TXI,CE,and TXI+CE were 2.44±0.93,2.90±0.93,3.37±0.74,and 3.75±0.49,respectively.The visibility scores for the surface based on WLI,TXI,CE,and TXI+CE were 2.25±0.80,2.84±0.84,3.12±0.72,and 3.51±0.60,respectively.The visibility scores for the detection and surface on TXI were significantly lower than that on CE but higher than that on WLI(P<0.001).The visibility scores for the margin and surface on TXI+CE were significantly higher than those on CE(P<0.001).In the sub-analysis of adenomas,the visibility for the margin and surface on TXI+CE was significantly better than that on WLI,TXI,and CE(P<0.001).In the sub-analysis of serrated polyps,the visibility for the margin and surface on TXI+CE was also significantly better than that on WLI,TXI,and CE(P<0.001).CONCLUSION TXI+CE enhanced the visibility of the margin and surface compared to WLI,TXI,and CE for colorectal lesions.展开更多
文摘This article is a summary of the historical background to Isatis tinctoria in France and elsewhere from the 12th to the 21st century. Isatis tinctoria, also called “Guède”, “Pastel” or “Vouède” according to the French region origin, is a plant originally used to obtain indigo blue dye mainly to produce colored blue fabrics. A local memory is well established in the Amiens region (northern France) and the Toulouse region (south-western France). No global review of its culture and trade over the long term is known. The aim of this article is to summarize the historical background of Isatis tinctoria in France and elsewhere from the twelfth to the twenty-first century.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.2022R1A2C1006743).
文摘This study presents a novel photocatalytic system exploiting the unique properties of ZrO_(2) and its integration with layered double hydroxide(LDH)films on porous coatings produced via plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO).Herein,CoFe-LDHfilms were created on the porous surface of PEO-coated AZ31 Mg alloy using a hydrothermal treatment in cobalt and iron nitrate solutions,followed by a secondary hydrothermal process in a ZrO_(2) solution for 10 h at 70℃.The impact of ZrO_(2) on the morphological,compositional,and photocatalytic performance was then compared to the case where ZrO_(2) nanoparticles were electrophoretically incorporated into the porous PEO coating.Characterization results revealed that the ZrO_(2)-modified LDH coatings exhibited a dispersedflake-like structure with an increased surface area,a reduced band gap energy of 3.14 eV,and enhanced electron-hole separation.Experimental results demonstrated an outstanding 99.8%degradation of indigo carmine within 15 mins,with remarkable multi-cycle stability overfive consecutive cycles without significant performance decline.This system demonstrates faster degradation rates and greater durability compared to previously reported catalysts,underscoring its potential for effective and sustainable environmental remediation.The synergistic integration of ZrO_(2),LDH,and PEO highlights a promising strategy for wastewater treatment,particularly for the removal of persistent organic dyes like indigo carmine.
基金Sponsored by application research project of social sciences of Jiangsu Province(24SZC-117).
文摘Taking the Hotel Indigo Shanghai on the Bund as an example,this paper explores the localization of international high-end boutique hotels in China by using the methods of literature research and case study.The results show that the localization of international high-end boutique hotels is embodied in brand building,spatial layout,service design and cultural activity planning,and that the perfect integration of international brand concept and local culture is an important factor for its success in the Chinese market.The research aims to provide reference for promoting the in-depth development and integration of international high-end boutique hotels in the Chinese market and the localization process of state-owned high-end boutique hotels in the future host country.
文摘Degradation of the Indigo Carmine(IC) by the bipolar pulsed DBD in water-air mixture was studied. Effects of various parameters such as gas flow rate, solution conductivity, pulse repetitive rate and ect., on color removal efficiency of dying wastewater were investigated. Concentrations of gas phase O 3 and aqueous phase H 2O 2 under various conditions were measured. Experimental results showed that air bubbling facilitates the breakdown of water and promotes generation of chemically active species. Color removal efficiency of IC solution can be greatly improved by the air aeration under various solution conductivities. Decolorization efficiency increases with the increase of the gas flow rate, and decreases with the increase of the initial solution conductivity. A higher pulse repetitive rate and a larger pulse capacitor C\-p are favorable for the decolorization process. Ozone and hydrogen peroxide formed decreases with the increase of initial solution conductivity. In addition, preliminary analysis of the decolorization mechanisms is given.
基金Supported by the Foundation for Young Scholars of Educational Commission of Jiangxi Province,China (Foundation)National Natural Science Foundation of China (51064011)
文摘[ Object] The study aimed to discuss the decolorization on indigo dyeing wastewater by laccase from Coriolus versicolor. [ Method ] Firstly, the effects of temperature, pH, indigo concentration, HBT concentration, laccase dosage on the decolorization of indigo dyeing wastewater by laccase/HBT, and then the synergism of laccase and acid cellulase was analyzed. [Result] Using ABTS as the substrate, the kinetic parame- ters, K,, and Vmax, were 0.318 mmol/L and 0.035 5 mmol/（ L . min） respectively. The decolorization rate of indigo reached 96.5% when the lacca- se acted on indigo for 40 min with HBT as an introducer at temperature 50 ℃, pH =4.5, indigo concentration 100 mg/L, HBT concentration 0.1% and laccase dosage 100 lU/L. Due to the synergism of laccase and acid cellulase during the bio-finishing of blue jeans, the backstaining degree of blue jeans reduced by 85% when the amount of laccase added was 15 000 IU/kg. Menawhile, the synergism of the laccase and acid cellulase de- creased indigo concentration in wastewater by 83.8%. [ Conclusion ] The laccase from Coriolus versicolor had a good prospect in the bio-finishing of blue jeans and the decolorization of indigo dyeing wastewater.
基金Program for Changjiang Scholars,Innovative Research Teamin University(No.IRT0654)ZSTU-Esquel Eco-textile Research Center
文摘There are two major camouflage protections in modern military tactics:UV-protection and near infrared camouflage.However,not all natural and composite dyestuffs provide the mentioned properties.In this study,the cotton fabric was dyed with natural indigo and the natural indigo dyeing process was optimized.Green leaves were chosen as the simulating object,and the camouflage properties of the dyed cotton fabric were evaluated.It was observed that the dyed cotton fabric had good UV-protection and near-infrared camouflage properties.The UV-protection effect was strongly dependent on the absorption characteristics of natural indigo for UV radiation.The near infrared camouflage effect was mainly dependent on the reflection spectrum characteristics of natural indigo in the near infrared waveband.
基金Project supported by the National Research Fund of South Africa
文摘In this study, C,N,S-doped ZrO2 and a series of Eu doped C,N,S-ZrO2 photocatalysts were synthesized by a coprecipitation method using thiourea as the source of C, N and S and Eu（NO3）·6H2O as source of Eu. The materials were characterized by X-ray dif-fraction （XRD）, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. Indigo carmine （IC） was chosen as a model for organic pollutants and used to evaluate the photocatalytic performance of the photo-catalysts under simulated solar light. Commercial ZrO2 was used as a reference material. XRD and Raman results indicated the for-mation of both tetragonal and monoclinic phase ZrO2 with particle size ranging from 8–30 nm. Multi-element doping had a great in-fluence on the optical responses manifested as red shift in the absorption edge. The highest photocatalytic activity towards IC was observed for the Eu,C,N,S-doped ZrO2 （0.6 mol.%Eu） sample （k=1.09×10–2 min–1）. The commercial ZrO2 showed the lowest photo-degradation activity （k=5.83×10–4 min–1）. The results showed that the control of Eu doping in the C,N,S-ZrO2 was very important in reducing electron-hole recombination. The synergistic effect of Eu, C, N, and S in the ZrO2 matrix led to enhanced utilization of simulated solar energy for the degradation of IC through narrowing of bandgaps.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.30570411）. The authors wish to thank Prof R. D. Schmid （Institute of Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Germany）, as he gave us some materials and much help.
文摘The ability of catalyzing indole into indigo of gene engineering strain expressing P450 BM3 immobi- lized by entrapment in calcium-alginate gel capsules was examined,and various characteristics of immobilized cells were assessed.Optimum conditions for cells activity were not affected after immobilization,and pH and tempera- ture for both free and immobilized cells were found to be pH 7.5 and 35℃,respectively.The immobilized cells ex- hibited a markedly improved thermal stability than free cells.After five repeated experiments,the yield of indigo with the immobilized cells retained over 94%of their original activity,which indicated that the operational stability for recycling in batch processes was improved.
基金Supported by the Science&Technology Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2011623)the Scientific Research Project of Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau of Jiangsu Province(2012047)
文摘Bioconversion of lignocellulosic wastes to higher value products through fungal fermentation has economic and ecological benefits. In this study, to develop an effective strategy for production of manganese peroxidase(Mn P)from cassava residue by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in solid state fermentation, the stimulators of Mn P production were screened and their concentrations were optimized by one-at-a-time experiment and Box–Behnken design. The maximum Mn P activity of 186.38 nkat·g-1dry mass of the sample was achieved after 6 days of fermentation with the supplement of 79.5 mmol·L-1·kg-1acetic acid, 3.21 ml·kg-1soybean oil, and 28.5 g·kg-1alkaline lignin, indicating that cassava residue is a promising substrate for Mn P production in solid state fermentation. Meanwhile, in vitro decolorization of indigo carmine by the crude Mn P was also carried out, attaining the ratio of 90.18% after 6 h of incubation. An oxidative mechanism of indigo carmine decolorization by Mn P was proposed based on the analysis of intermediate metabolites with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Using the crude Mn P produced from cassava residue for indigo carmine decolorization gives an effective approach to treat dyeing effluents.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province:Mechanism of Chang-An Decotion in Neuropeptide Spexin related GSK-3βRegulating Intestinal Nerve Immune Network in Ulcerative Colitis(No.2018A030310614)National Natural Science Foundation of China:Mchanism of Chang-An Decotion in Intestinal Mucosal Immunity of Ulcerative Colitis on Exocrine Mediated Rab27(No.81903963)Department of Education of Guangdong Province Project:Mchanism of Chang-An decotion of Ulcerative Colitis on Exocrine Mediated GSK-3βRegulating Th17/Treg in Ulcerative Colitis(No.2017KQNCX045)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the protective effect of Qingdai(Indigo Naturalis,QD)on ulcerative colitis(UC)by means of in silico and in vivo approaches.METHODS:A systems pharmacology analysis was performed to predict the active components of QD whereas the putative biological targets of QD against UC were obtained through target fishing,network cons-truction and enrichment analyses.Meanwhile,we examined the ameliorative effect of QD in a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis.During the 10-day experiment,the control and diseased mice were given with oral gavages of QD(1.3 g raw herbs·kg^(-1)·d^(-1))or 5-aminosalicylic acid(5-ASA,100 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1))every day.The underlying pharma-cological mechanisms of QD in UC were determined using polymerase chain reaction tests,histological staining,enzyme-linked immunoassays,and Western blotting analysis.RESULTS:Searching from various network pharmacology databases,29 compounds were identified in QD.According to the screening criteria suggested by TCMSP(i.e.OB≥30%and DL≥0.18),nine of them were considered the active ingredients that contribute to the ameliorative effects of QD on different mouse models of colitis.Most importantly,the protective effect of QD on DSS-induced colitis was significantly associated with modulations of the expression levels of glycogen synthase kinase 3-β(Gsk3-β)and forkhead box p3(Foxp3),which are widely considered as important regulators of excessive inflammatory responses.CONCLUSIONS:The results of this study provide solid scientific evidence for the use of QD or its core active components in the clinical management of UC.
基金Our study was approved by the ethics committee of the Certified Institutional Review Board of the Yoyogi Mental Clinic(certificate number.RKK227).
文摘BACKGROUND Accurate diagnosis and early resection of colorectal polyps are important to prevent the occurrence of colorectal cancer.However,technical factors and morphological factors of polyps itself can lead to missed diagnoses.Imageenhanced endoscopy and chromoendoscopy(CE)have been developed to facilitate an accurate diagnosis.There have been no reports on visibility using a combination of texture and color enhancement imaging(TXI)and CE for colorectal tumors.AIM To investigate the visibility of margins and surfaces with the combination of TXI and CE for colorectal lesions.METHODS This retrospective study included patients who underwent lower gastrointestinal endoscopy at the Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic.We extracted polyps that were resected and diagnosed as adenomas or serrated polyps(hyperplastic polyps and sessile serrated lesions)from our endoscopic database.An expert endoscopist performed the lower gastrointestinal endoscopies and observed the lesion using white light imaging(WLI),TXI,CE,and TXI+CE modalities.Indigo carmine dye was used for CE.Three expert endoscopists rated the visibility of the margin and surface patterns in four ranks,from 1 to 4.The primary outcomes were the average visibility scores for the margin and surface patterns based on the WLI,TXI,CE,and TXI+CE observations.Visibility scores between the four modalities were compared by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests.RESULTS A total of 48 patients with 81 polyps were assessed.The histological subtypes included 50 tubular adenomas,16 hyperplastic polyps,and 15 sessile serrated lesions.The visibility scores for the margins based on WLI,TXI,CE,and TXI+CE were 2.44±0.93,2.90±0.93,3.37±0.74,and 3.75±0.49,respectively.The visibility scores for the surface based on WLI,TXI,CE,and TXI+CE were 2.25±0.80,2.84±0.84,3.12±0.72,and 3.51±0.60,respectively.The visibility scores for the detection and surface on TXI were significantly lower than that on CE but higher than that on WLI(P<0.001).The visibility scores for the margin and surface on TXI+CE were significantly higher than those on CE(P<0.001).In the sub-analysis of adenomas,the visibility for the margin and surface on TXI+CE was significantly better than that on WLI,TXI,and CE(P<0.001).In the sub-analysis of serrated polyps,the visibility for the margin and surface on TXI+CE was also significantly better than that on WLI,TXI,and CE(P<0.001).CONCLUSION TXI+CE enhanced the visibility of the margin and surface compared to WLI,TXI,and CE for colorectal lesions.
