Background: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness incapacitating over 80 million people worldwide. Several pathogenetic mechanisms have been postulated to explain the optic nerve damage that occur in...Background: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness incapacitating over 80 million people worldwide. Several pathogenetic mechanisms have been postulated to explain the optic nerve damage that occur in POAG among which genetic predisposition is prominent. Gene-Linkage-based studies have identified genes associated with POAG: Myocilin, Optineurin, WDR36, Tank-Binding Kinase (TBK1) and APbb-2. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of myocilin gene mutation in adult-onset POAG patients and non-glaucoma subjects who are indigenes of Rivers State. Methodology: In this comparative cross-sectional study, 393 POAG patients attending the Glaucoma Clinic of UPTH were compared with 393 age and sex-matched phenotypically normal participants. Clinical assessment combined with findings from clinical records was used. Venous blood was obtained for genomic analyses. Extracted DNA was sequenced with specific primers for myocilin and polymerase chain reaction. Zymo-Bead Genomic DNA kit protocol was used to detect allelic differences. Results: Total of 786 participants participated in the study. The mean age was 59.8 ± 11.8 years. The prevalence of myocilin gene mutation (MYOC) in the study population was 5.3%, in the POAG group was 8.4%, and 2.3% in the non-glaucoma group. This observed difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Location of the mutant myocilin gene was in GLC1A 171638779, 171638703, 171638610 and 171638608. Conclusion: Mutations in myocilin gene are associated with adult-onset POAG in Rivers State. Its relevance as a biomarker for diagnosis of adult-onset POAG needs further investigations.展开更多
This study explores the epistemic imperative to decolonize African education systems by centering indigenous philosophies such as Ubuntu and introducing the Ubuntu Pedagogy as a pedagogical model.Ubuntu pedagogy trans...This study explores the epistemic imperative to decolonize African education systems by centering indigenous philosophies such as Ubuntu and introducing the Ubuntu Pedagogy as a pedagogical model.Ubuntu pedagogy transforms teacher-learner relationships,it provides a replicable model for relational learning,community partnerships,and reassert the dignity of indigenous epistemologies.The paper examines how language,knowledge production,and pedagogy can be restructured to reflect African epistemologies and educational sovereignty.This research also explores the relationship between mother tongue instruction and cognitive access to learning.Through a qualitative literature analysis of case studies and African scholarly discourse,this paper highlights the continued marginalization of indigenous knowledge systems and the need to embed culturally relevant teaching methodologies.The findings support the broader question of whether there exists an epistemological base for knowledge independence or production within African and Afro-Diasporic contexts,revealing culturally coherent frameworks of learning that resist colonial dominance and an exploration of reclaiming African indigenous knowledge systems for educational and cultural sovereignty.展开更多
Objective:To assess the complete vaccination coverage and timeliness of childhood vaccinations among Indigenous children in Peninsular Malaysia.Methods:The study utilized data from the 2022 Orang Asli Health Survey,a ...Objective:To assess the complete vaccination coverage and timeliness of childhood vaccinations among Indigenous children in Peninsular Malaysia.Methods:The study utilized data from the 2022 Orang Asli Health Survey,a cross-sectional survey conducted among a representative sample of Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia.A total of 68 villages were randomly selected from a pool of 853 villages,encompassing diverse geographic and sociodemographic contexts with a total of 15950 respondents Orang Asli successfully interviewed.However,this study only utilized data from surveyed children aged 12 to 59 months with a total of 1551 children included.Validated structured questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic data and health status,with nurses verifying vaccination records.Children who received all nine primary vaccinations were defined as having complete vaccination while those who received vaccine within the recommended time were defined as having timely vaccination.Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 25.0,focusing on descriptive analyses of children's vaccination status.Results:The prevalence of overall complete vaccination among Indigenous children was 87.7%,while timely vaccination was only 40.3%.The prevalence of complete vaccination for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin(BCG),the first dose of hepatitis B,three doses of DTaP-IPV-Hib,and measles,mumps,and rubella(MMR)was above 95.0%,except for the second and third doses of hepatitis B.The prevalence of timely vaccination ranged from above 95.0%for vaccines given at birth,gradually decreasing with increasing age to 57.5%for the first dose of MMR.Moreover,the completion rates for three doses of DtaP-IPV-Hib and the initial dose of MMR surpassed 90%among Indigenous children aged 12-23 months,yet the timeliness remained at a moderate level.Conclusions:While the overall complete vaccination coverage among Indigenous children in Malaysia is relatively high,there are concerning disparities in the timeliness of vaccination,particularly as children age.展开更多
The environmental and economic difficulties arising from climate change affect developing world rural populations with increasing intensity.However,the traditional knowledge serves as a major means for understanding c...The environmental and economic difficulties arising from climate change affect developing world rural populations with increasing intensity.However,the traditional knowledge serves as a major means for understanding climate change adaptation processes in Kogi State’s rural populace while contributing to policy frameworks and climate messaging strategies.Correspondingly,this study examines how traditional knowledge supports rural communities during climate change adaptation and it examines the performance of communication methods for weaving indigenous understanding into adaptation procedures.The study was anchored on the Indigenous Knowledge Systems(IKS)Theory according to which the knowledge of indigenous people is considered to be valid and culturally grounded and sustainable instrument of environmental adaptation.It employed surveys by obtaining data from 246 participants in nine(three each from the senatorial districts)rural communities of Kogi State.The analysis focused on 246 responses collected during this research.The finding showed that local weather predictions systems,agricultural traditions,as well as traditional soil preservation methods,are popular and applied by the rural population with high confidence rates to overcome changes in climate.These are community practices,and are still part of the local adaptation strategies.It is also revealed in the study that conventional forms of communication-storytelling,use of indigenous languages,and incorporation of traditional leaders are moderately useful in persuasion of climate adaptation,although there is little reparation of government when it comes to development of communication tactics.The respondents confirmed that it is important to combine the traditional knowledge with suitable formal policy.The study concludes that to become effective and culturally responsive,climate policies and related communication strategies should include participatory approaches of traditional knowledge systems.Its outcomes can be used significantly by policymakers,development practitioners,and climate communication professionals to establish resilient and inclusive adaptation channels in Nigeria and other related settings.展开更多
The share of wind and solar energy in global energy mix is rising rapidly.Despite their great potential for reducing carbon emissions,poorly planned wind and solar farms may encroach on socio-ecologically sensitive ar...The share of wind and solar energy in global energy mix is rising rapidly.Despite their great potential for reducing carbon emissions,poorly planned wind and solar farms may encroach on socio-ecologically sensitive areas,threatening biodiversity and Indigenous people's traditional land uses.However,these potential risks associated with wind and solar farm development worldwide are poorly understood.Here,we evaluate the potential biodiversity and Indigenous risks from wind and solar energy development by examining the extent to which global wind and solar farms are situated within or adjacent to socio-ecologically sensitive areas.Our analysis revealed that 13,699 wind and solar farms or 14.4%of the farms'total footprint area are within protected areas,critical habitats,and Indigenous people's lands,occupying a total of 26,840 km^(2)of those socio-ecologically sensitive areas.Wind and solar farms overlap with the distribution ranges of 2,310 threatened amphibians,birds,mammals,and reptiles,accounting for 36.3%of the world's 6,362 threatened vertebrate species.The encroachment of solar and wind farms on sensitive areas mostly occurs in economically developed countries with substantial wind and solar energy facilities,while many developing countries in the tropics tend to have a higher proportion of such farms situated within sensitive areas.Compared to wind farms,solar farms pose greater risks to biodiversity and Indigenous people's lands.These findings provide valuable insights into the socio-ecological risks of wind and solar energy development and highlight the urgent need for strategic planning to mitigate the risks.展开更多
Kefir is a probiotic fermented milk product,distributed throughout the world from the North Caucasus,formed by fermenting milk with kefir grains.Kefir grains represent a striking example of microbial symbiosis between...Kefir is a probiotic fermented milk product,distributed throughout the world from the North Caucasus,formed by fermenting milk with kefir grains.Kefir grains represent a striking example of microbial symbiosis between bacteria and fungi.Despite the extensive shifts in microbial composition during milk fermentation,the composition of kefir grains remains relatively constant.The evolutionary origin of such a stable symbiont remains unclear.There are multiple reports of differences between commercial kefir-like products and kefir prepared according to traditional techniques by fermenting milk with indigenous kefir grains.Modern research is aimed at studying the health properties of kefir and kefir grain components.To accurately represent the evolutionary origin of kefir grains,the characteristics of important species or consortia for the development of new promising products,it is essential to study the composition of samples of historical kefir origin,particularly the Karachay-Cherkess and Kabardino-Balkarian Republics of the North Caucasus.展开更多
主题语境:动物特性,篇幅:335词,建议用时:7分钟,Polar bears possess a remarkable ability to prevent ice from forming on their fur,a characteristic that has long been recognized by Indigenous Arctic peoples but only recent...主题语境:动物特性,篇幅:335词,建议用时:7分钟,Polar bears possess a remarkable ability to prevent ice from forming on their fur,a characteristic that has long been recognized by Indigenous Arctic peoples but only recently studied by scientists.Bodil Holst,a physicist from the University of Bergen in Norway,discovered that the ice resistance of polar bear fur is due to natural oils secreted(分泌)onto the hairs,rather than the fur itself.This finding came from Holsts observation that polar bears,despite having freezing fur temperatures,never appeared with ice buildup in wildlife documentaries.展开更多
Water scarcity poses a significant challenge globally,with South Africa exemplifying the severe socio-economic and environmental impacts of limited water access.Despite advances in modern water management systems,the ...Water scarcity poses a significant challenge globally,with South Africa exemplifying the severe socio-economic and environmental impacts of limited water access.Despite advances in modern water management systems,the integration of indigenous knowledge(IK)into formal frameworks remains underutilized.This study systematically reviews the role of indigenous water conservation practices in South Africa,analyzing over 50 high-quality sources using the PRISMA methodology.The findings highlight the effectiveness of IK in addressing water scarcity through techniques such as rainwater harvesting,terracing,and wetland management,which are low-cost,environmentally sustainable,and deeply rooted in cultural practices.Indigenous methods also enhance climate resilience by enabling communities to adapt to droughts and floods through practices such as weather prediction and adaptive farming techniques.Furthermore,these practices foster social inclusivity and community empowerment,ensuring equitable water access and intergenerational knowledge transfer.The study underscores the potential of integrating IK with modern water technologies to create holistic solutions that are scalable,sustainable,and aligned with South Africa’s goal of achieving water security by 2030.Policy recommendations emphasize the need for institutional support,data collection,and financial incentives to sustain and mainstream indigenous approaches.By bridging the gap between traditional and contemporary systems,this research provides a roadmap for leveraging diverse knowledge systems to address water scarcity and build resilient communities.展开更多
Home gardens serve as a crucial adaptation strategy for tribal communities in Keonjhar district,Odisha,enhancing food security,income generation,and climate resilience.This study examines the role of home gardens in s...Home gardens serve as a crucial adaptation strategy for tribal communities in Keonjhar district,Odisha,enhancing food security,income generation,and climate resilience.This study examines the role of home gardens in sustaining tribal livelihoods while addressing challenges such as climate variability,soil degradation,and market constraints.Adopting a mixed-methods approach,it integrates the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework(SLF)and socio-ecological resilience theory.Data from 120 tribal households across four villages in Banspal block were collected through structured interviews and focus group discussions.A key innovation lies in integrating indigenous knowledge systems with the Problem Facing Index(PFI)methodology to generate quantified,community-driven insights on climate adaptation barriers.Findings reveal that home gardens contribute around ₹10,000 per season to household income,reducing market dependency by over 70% during crises such as the COVID-19 lockdown.Over 75% of households face high to medium challenges due to climate variability(PFI=252),soil degradation(PFI=251),and wildlife intrusions(PFI=250).Other notable constraints include pests(75%)and poor market access(61.7%).Although 82.5% reported no issue with agricultural inputs,water scarcity remains a seasonal concern for 23%.Despite constraints,home gardens were found to enhance all five SLF capitals:natural,human,social,financial,and physical.The study recommends contextsensitive interventions,including seed distribution,organic inputs,weather-based advisories,and strengthened institutional support.It highlights the potential for scaling home garden models across other marginalized agroecological regions in India and Asia,aligning them with national rural development and climate adaptation programs.展开更多
Indigenous microbial communities were employed after subculture in stirred and column bioleaching experiments involving ion-adsorption type rare earth ore.The microbial eukaryotic communities exhibited dramatically va...Indigenous microbial communities were employed after subculture in stirred and column bioleaching experiments involving ion-adsorption type rare earth ore.The microbial eukaryotic communities exhibited dramatically varying diversity and structure across culture compositions.Compared with Czapek and sucrose medium,the community cultured in a nutrient broth(NB)medium had a high-er diversity,and it was mainly composed of Zygosaccharomyces,Ustilago,Kodamaea,Malassezia,and Aspergillus.These microorgan-isms secrete organic acids,such as citric acid,malic acid,gluconic acid,and itaconic acid,which provide effective coordination electrons through hydroxyl and carboxyl groups.Stirred bioleaching experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of community,inoculum dosage,liquid–solid ratio,and time on the leaching efficiency.Stirred bioleaching resulted in a concentration limitation phenomenon.When the inoculum dosage of the community cultured in NB medium was 70vol%,the liquid–solid ratio was 5.0 mL·g^(-1),and the time was 60 min,the upward trend of rare earths leaching rate has become very small.Specifically,the leaching rates of detectable La,Ce,and Y were approximately 92.49%,92.42%,and 94.39%,respectively.The leaching efficiency and the three influencing factors all con-formed to the Poly5 polynomial function,with variances above 0.99.Column bioleaching experiments were performed at a scale of 1 kg.The self-propelled low-pH environment increased the leaching efficiency,which resulted in a leaching rate of 98.88%for rare earths after 117 h.X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the samples mainly comprised quartz,kaolinite,orthoclase,mus-covite,and zeolite,which were predominantly present in the form of lumps,flakes,rods,and small particles.After bioleaching,the wave intensity of quartz,kaolinite,orthoclase,and muscovite increased,and that of zeolite decreased considerably.A diminution in the number of fine particles indicated the dissolution of small quantities of clay minerals.Ultimately,the differentiated bioleaching mechanism of various forms of rare earths was discussed based on experimental phenomena.展开更多
Studying the interactions and relationships between humans and animals is known as ethnozoology.Indigenous medicine that is used to prevent,diagnose,and cure physical and mental disorders is known as traditional medic...Studying the interactions and relationships between humans and animals is known as ethnozoology.Indigenous medicine that is used to prevent,diagnose,and cure physical and mental disorders is known as traditional medicine.The understanding of how various animal materials are used in conventional medicine by different ethnic communities is undocumented and largely passed through oral communication from generation to generation.Traditional medicine is the primary source of healthcare for many ethnic tribes in Ethiopia.Approximately 80%of Ethiopians rely on traditional medicine to cure a variety of human conditions.However,because they are passed down orally from generation to generation,this indigenous medical practice is being disregarded and is still disappearing as a result of inadequate documentation.Ethiopia is a land of diversity,with a wide variety of fauna and ethnic groups,each of whom uses and manipulates medicinal animals in a unique way to treat a range of human illnesses.The main participants in the curative component of traditional medicine practice are traditional healers,who go by various names in different regions of the nation.In Ethiopia,though indigenous societies medicinally used animal species for millennia,they have given little attention to their conservation.Therefore,documentation of traditional medicinal animals and indigenous healing practices of Ethiopian cultures are very important to preserve the country’s resources.展开更多
Indigenous cultures prescribed a means of maximizing the benefits they produced and enjoyed in their relationship with each other and the environment-based on their understanding of the nature of existence and how to ...Indigenous cultures prescribed a means of maximizing the benefits they produced and enjoyed in their relationship with each other and the environment-based on their understanding of the nature of existence and how to live in harmony with the forces shaping the nature of existence.The emergence of civilization introduced the claim that rational abilities superseded indigenous knowledge.This was followed by positivism and the claim that knowledge passed through three stages:mythological,philosophical,and scientific.This impacted indigenous cultures in ways that reached a height when postcolonial development experts convinced national leaders that progress required adopting advances in science.A failure to modernize was regarded as holding back progress.With the development paradigm now regarded as inadequate for achieving its goals and with the rise of the sustainability discourse,there is appreciation for indigenous knowledge.This article describes an indigenous cultural knowledge system that reflects the insight and wisdom of the world’s most respected scientific and philosophical traditions.The beliefs of the Bodo people of Northeast India are used as an example of an indigenous worldview that portrays insight proven to have value that is comparable to the natural sciences,plus theories of natural law and political philosophy.展开更多
Prominent cadmium(Cd)pollution and widespread phoxim(p H)use hinder the growth and medicinal value of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.(Chuanxiong).While bioremediation by rhizobacteria helps plants counter pollutants,the s...Prominent cadmium(Cd)pollution and widespread phoxim(p H)use hinder the growth and medicinal value of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.(Chuanxiong).While bioremediation by rhizobacteria helps plants counter pollutants,the specific roles of indigenous resistant consortia collected from polluted soils in immobilizing heavy metals,degrading pesticides,and enhancing plant stress tolerance remain insufficiently explored.Here,an indigenous pollutant-resistant consortium(RM)was developed from a highly Cd-polluted area(14.85 mg/kg Cd)as a bioremediation strategy to alleviate stress on Chuanxiong.The RM was specifically enriched with a Cd-p H co-resistant strain,Halomonas spp.TS2.Through16S r RNA sequencing,active microorganisms within RM was identified,including Bacillus,Acinetobacter,Enterococcus,Paraclostridium,and Staphylococcus.Pot experiments demonstrated that RM increased Chuanxiong biomass by 93.38%under Cd-contaminated and by 32.89%under Cd-p H co-contaminated.Furthermore,RM enhanced p H degradation,stabilized soil compounds,and reduced Cd bioavailability,thereby mitigating oxidative damage and altering the diversity and composition of Cd-p H-resistant organisms.These results indicate that utilizing indigenous microbial consortia as a bioremediation strategy can effectively improve soil health and enhance the sustainable cultivation of medicinal herbs in environments heavily contaminated.展开更多
Mythology of the San Bushmen of Southern Africa By MATHIAS GUENTHER Oxford University Press The San Bushmen,among the oldest continuous cultures on Earth,are indigenous peoples recognised as the First Nations of South...Mythology of the San Bushmen of Southern Africa By MATHIAS GUENTHER Oxford University Press The San Bushmen,among the oldest continuous cultures on Earth,are indigenous peoples recognised as the First Nations of Southern Africa.Rich in storytelling traditions,San culture preserves a vast body of myth and lore.In the book.展开更多
The Māori people are indigenous to Aotearoa New Zealand,and their language and culture are considered vital components of the nation’s cultural heritage.However,Te Reo Māori is regarded as a lowresource language ou...The Māori people are indigenous to Aotearoa New Zealand,and their language and culture are considered vital components of the nation’s cultural heritage.However,Te Reo Māori is regarded as a lowresource language outside of New Zealand,and its literary works usually rely on English as a pivot language for translation and communication.Therefore,in the process of promoting Māori literature as part of world literature by translating it into non-English languages,the accurate translation of cultural keywords is crucial to prevent dilemmas such as information loss and cultural misappropriation.In this article,we aim to explore effective translation strategies to enhance the international visibility and readership of Māori literature by analysing the rendition of Māori cultural keywords in the Chinese translation of“The Whale Rider”.展开更多
Climate crises necessitate adaptive,cost-effective,and community-driven strategies to enhance urban resilience.Tactical urban design,which includes temporary and experimental interventions,is becoming increasingly vit...Climate crises necessitate adaptive,cost-effective,and community-driven strategies to enhance urban resilience.Tactical urban design,which includes temporary and experimental interventions,is becoming increasingly vital,particularly in indigenous contexts.This study explores the spatial agency approach within tactical urbanism,emphasizing low-technology techniques,indigenous knowledge,and decentralized design as active elements in transforming public spaces.It aims to review recent trends and alternative tactical strategies in indigenous settings while identifying the attributes and mechanisms that contribute to the creation of sustainable public spaces through spatial agency.Employing an interpretive qualitative methodology that includes case studies and content analysis,the research focuses on the Open-Air Lab in Dakar,Senegal(Codesign Lab,Paolo Cascone).This project,a small-scale public infrastructure initiative born from participatory design,exemplifies a hybrid model that combines traditional craftsmanship,low-tech digital fabrication,and environmentally conscious solutions.The findings indicate that framing spatial agency as an actor-network process brings marginalized actors and practices to the forefront,fostering empowerment,social synergy,and climate-responsive design.The study advocates for a shift in tactical urban design from ephemeral placemaking toward long-term,adaptive strategies grounded in local materiality,community engagement,knowledge systems,and decentralized networks.These insights reshape the understanding of urban adaptability and provide practical guidance for architects and planners aiming to create inclusive,climate-resilient public spaces in indigenous and Global South contexts.展开更多
Multifocal epithelial hyperplasia(MEH),also known as Heck’s disease,is a rare and benign condition of the oral mucosa that is strongly associated with low-risk human papillomavirus(HPV)genotypes 13 and 32.This narrat...Multifocal epithelial hyperplasia(MEH),also known as Heck’s disease,is a rare and benign condition of the oral mucosa that is strongly associated with low-risk human papillomavirus(HPV)genotypes 13 and 32.This narrative review synthesizes recent findings regarding the epidemiology,viral mechanisms,clinical and histopathological features,diagnostic strategies-including molecular and immunohistochemical methods-and therapeutic approaches to MEH.This disease predominantly affects children and adolescents from Indigenous American countries,although cases have been increasingly reported in nonendemic regions.MEH manifests clinically as multiple,asymptomatic papules or nodules,typically exhibiting a characteristic cobblestone-like appearance.Histologically,it presents with epithelial hyperplasia,koilocytosis,and altered cytokeratin expression.Molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization are pivotal for accurate viral genotyping,while immunohistochemical markers such as CK4/13,Ki-67,and the absence of p16 can be useful adjuncts in differential diagnosis.Despite its self-limiting nature in most cases,treatment may be warranted in symptomatic or immunocompromised patients.This review highlights the need to improve diagnostic access,develop targeted vaccines,and implement public health strategies in vulnerable communities.It also highlights existing gaps in knowledge,particularly regarding host-virus interactions and the absence of standardized treatment protocols.展开更多
The medicinal herb Geranium wallichianum belongs to the family Geraniaceae. The East Asian Himalayas are its primary habitat. Overexploitation and overharvesting pose a threat to this plant, given its extensive ethnom...The medicinal herb Geranium wallichianum belongs to the family Geraniaceae. The East Asian Himalayas are its primary habitat. Overexploitation and overharvesting pose a threat to this plant, given its extensive ethnomedical utilization in the community. In Pakistan, its population has already declined by over 75%. Given its critical medicinal importance, urgent conservation efforts are needed to prevent extinction. The aim of the current research was to determine the effectiveness of sucrose and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in decelerating the growth of this medicinally important species. Nodal segments were utilized as explant with varying levels of polyethylene glycol (PEG) (0.5% and 1.5%) and sucrose (4% and 8%) as treatments on different growth attributes. Over a 45-day period, PEG treatments (0.5% and 1.5%) proved more efficient compared to sucrose in suppressing in vitro growth, with reduced shoot lengths (0.92 and 0.57 cm), dry weight (0.04 and 0.02 g), and fresh weight (0.06 and 0.04 g). PEG also significantly enhanced phenolic levels (0.96 and 0.19 mg/g) and soluble sugars (4.07 and 4.12 mg/g) while reducing total protein level (2.38 and 2.32 mg/g) and total chlorophyll content (0.17 and 0.14 mg/g). The Pearson correlation analysis showed a negative association between phenolic levels and total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b. The length of the shoot had a negative relationship with phenolic level but a positive relationship with both fresh and dry weight. The principal component analysis revealed that total sugars and phenolics that were grouped separately from other variables led to stronger responses to osmotic stress. These outcomes suggested that higher PEG was successful in reducing in vitro growth throughout short-term preservation in comparison to sucrose. The outcomes of this research could be applied for the in vitro conservation of medical plants in the future.展开更多
Global warming has led to the frequent occurrence of extreme climatic events(ECEs)in the ecologically frag ile Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Rural households face strong barriers in adaption,and food production is seriously ...Global warming has led to the frequent occurrence of extreme climatic events(ECEs)in the ecologically frag ile Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Rural households face strong barriers in adaption,and food production is seriously threatened.Current methods for increasing household adaptability take a holistic point of view,but do not ac curately identify groups experiencing different adaptive barriers.To better identify different barriers,this paper examines natural,economic,cognitive,and technical barriers.A total of 17 indicators were selected to com prehensively evaluate the degree of barriers to crops adaptation in response to ECEs.Key factors were further analyzed to identify paths to break down the barriers.The results showed the following.(1)Natural barriers were present at the highest degree,economic barriers appear to be smallest,and the overall barriers were bi ased towards the lower quartile.10.82%of the households with the highest barriers.(2)67.38%of households report taking adaptive measures in crops production.The increase of the barriers leads to an increase and then a decrease in the possibility of adaptive behavior.(3)Addressing technical barriers is key to rapidly increasing household adaptive behavior in response to ECEs.The study provides recommendations for local governments to improve household adaptation behavior from two perspectives:short-term and long-term optimization path ways.This study can help governments quickly locate households with different classes of barriers,and propose more targeted adaptation policies.The ultimate goal is to ensure the sustainability of crops production and the well-being of households in northeastern part of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.展开更多
文摘Background: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness incapacitating over 80 million people worldwide. Several pathogenetic mechanisms have been postulated to explain the optic nerve damage that occur in POAG among which genetic predisposition is prominent. Gene-Linkage-based studies have identified genes associated with POAG: Myocilin, Optineurin, WDR36, Tank-Binding Kinase (TBK1) and APbb-2. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of myocilin gene mutation in adult-onset POAG patients and non-glaucoma subjects who are indigenes of Rivers State. Methodology: In this comparative cross-sectional study, 393 POAG patients attending the Glaucoma Clinic of UPTH were compared with 393 age and sex-matched phenotypically normal participants. Clinical assessment combined with findings from clinical records was used. Venous blood was obtained for genomic analyses. Extracted DNA was sequenced with specific primers for myocilin and polymerase chain reaction. Zymo-Bead Genomic DNA kit protocol was used to detect allelic differences. Results: Total of 786 participants participated in the study. The mean age was 59.8 ± 11.8 years. The prevalence of myocilin gene mutation (MYOC) in the study population was 5.3%, in the POAG group was 8.4%, and 2.3% in the non-glaucoma group. This observed difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Location of the mutant myocilin gene was in GLC1A 171638779, 171638703, 171638610 and 171638608. Conclusion: Mutations in myocilin gene are associated with adult-onset POAG in Rivers State. Its relevance as a biomarker for diagnosis of adult-onset POAG needs further investigations.
文摘This study explores the epistemic imperative to decolonize African education systems by centering indigenous philosophies such as Ubuntu and introducing the Ubuntu Pedagogy as a pedagogical model.Ubuntu pedagogy transforms teacher-learner relationships,it provides a replicable model for relational learning,community partnerships,and reassert the dignity of indigenous epistemologies.The paper examines how language,knowledge production,and pedagogy can be restructured to reflect African epistemologies and educational sovereignty.This research also explores the relationship between mother tongue instruction and cognitive access to learning.Through a qualitative literature analysis of case studies and African scholarly discourse,this paper highlights the continued marginalization of indigenous knowledge systems and the need to embed culturally relevant teaching methodologies.The findings support the broader question of whether there exists an epistemological base for knowledge independence or production within African and Afro-Diasporic contexts,revealing culturally coherent frameworks of learning that resist colonial dominance and an exploration of reclaiming African indigenous knowledge systems for educational and cultural sovereignty.
文摘Objective:To assess the complete vaccination coverage and timeliness of childhood vaccinations among Indigenous children in Peninsular Malaysia.Methods:The study utilized data from the 2022 Orang Asli Health Survey,a cross-sectional survey conducted among a representative sample of Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia.A total of 68 villages were randomly selected from a pool of 853 villages,encompassing diverse geographic and sociodemographic contexts with a total of 15950 respondents Orang Asli successfully interviewed.However,this study only utilized data from surveyed children aged 12 to 59 months with a total of 1551 children included.Validated structured questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic data and health status,with nurses verifying vaccination records.Children who received all nine primary vaccinations were defined as having complete vaccination while those who received vaccine within the recommended time were defined as having timely vaccination.Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 25.0,focusing on descriptive analyses of children's vaccination status.Results:The prevalence of overall complete vaccination among Indigenous children was 87.7%,while timely vaccination was only 40.3%.The prevalence of complete vaccination for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin(BCG),the first dose of hepatitis B,three doses of DTaP-IPV-Hib,and measles,mumps,and rubella(MMR)was above 95.0%,except for the second and third doses of hepatitis B.The prevalence of timely vaccination ranged from above 95.0%for vaccines given at birth,gradually decreasing with increasing age to 57.5%for the first dose of MMR.Moreover,the completion rates for three doses of DtaP-IPV-Hib and the initial dose of MMR surpassed 90%among Indigenous children aged 12-23 months,yet the timeliness remained at a moderate level.Conclusions:While the overall complete vaccination coverage among Indigenous children in Malaysia is relatively high,there are concerning disparities in the timeliness of vaccination,particularly as children age.
文摘The environmental and economic difficulties arising from climate change affect developing world rural populations with increasing intensity.However,the traditional knowledge serves as a major means for understanding climate change adaptation processes in Kogi State’s rural populace while contributing to policy frameworks and climate messaging strategies.Correspondingly,this study examines how traditional knowledge supports rural communities during climate change adaptation and it examines the performance of communication methods for weaving indigenous understanding into adaptation procedures.The study was anchored on the Indigenous Knowledge Systems(IKS)Theory according to which the knowledge of indigenous people is considered to be valid and culturally grounded and sustainable instrument of environmental adaptation.It employed surveys by obtaining data from 246 participants in nine(three each from the senatorial districts)rural communities of Kogi State.The analysis focused on 246 responses collected during this research.The finding showed that local weather predictions systems,agricultural traditions,as well as traditional soil preservation methods,are popular and applied by the rural population with high confidence rates to overcome changes in climate.These are community practices,and are still part of the local adaptation strategies.It is also revealed in the study that conventional forms of communication-storytelling,use of indigenous languages,and incorporation of traditional leaders are moderately useful in persuasion of climate adaptation,although there is little reparation of government when it comes to development of communication tactics.The respondents confirmed that it is important to combine the traditional knowledge with suitable formal policy.The study concludes that to become effective and culturally responsive,climate policies and related communication strategies should include participatory approaches of traditional knowledge systems.Its outcomes can be used significantly by policymakers,development practitioners,and climate communication professionals to establish resilient and inclusive adaptation channels in Nigeria and other related settings.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.42471287 and 32201422)the Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘The share of wind and solar energy in global energy mix is rising rapidly.Despite their great potential for reducing carbon emissions,poorly planned wind and solar farms may encroach on socio-ecologically sensitive areas,threatening biodiversity and Indigenous people's traditional land uses.However,these potential risks associated with wind and solar farm development worldwide are poorly understood.Here,we evaluate the potential biodiversity and Indigenous risks from wind and solar energy development by examining the extent to which global wind and solar farms are situated within or adjacent to socio-ecologically sensitive areas.Our analysis revealed that 13,699 wind and solar farms or 14.4%of the farms'total footprint area are within protected areas,critical habitats,and Indigenous people's lands,occupying a total of 26,840 km^(2)of those socio-ecologically sensitive areas.Wind and solar farms overlap with the distribution ranges of 2,310 threatened amphibians,birds,mammals,and reptiles,accounting for 36.3%of the world's 6,362 threatened vertebrate species.The encroachment of solar and wind farms on sensitive areas mostly occurs in economically developed countries with substantial wind and solar energy facilities,while many developing countries in the tropics tend to have a higher proportion of such farms situated within sensitive areas.Compared to wind farms,solar farms pose greater risks to biodiversity and Indigenous people's lands.These findings provide valuable insights into the socio-ecological risks of wind and solar energy development and highlight the urgent need for strategic planning to mitigate the risks.
文摘Kefir is a probiotic fermented milk product,distributed throughout the world from the North Caucasus,formed by fermenting milk with kefir grains.Kefir grains represent a striking example of microbial symbiosis between bacteria and fungi.Despite the extensive shifts in microbial composition during milk fermentation,the composition of kefir grains remains relatively constant.The evolutionary origin of such a stable symbiont remains unclear.There are multiple reports of differences between commercial kefir-like products and kefir prepared according to traditional techniques by fermenting milk with indigenous kefir grains.Modern research is aimed at studying the health properties of kefir and kefir grain components.To accurately represent the evolutionary origin of kefir grains,the characteristics of important species or consortia for the development of new promising products,it is essential to study the composition of samples of historical kefir origin,particularly the Karachay-Cherkess and Kabardino-Balkarian Republics of the North Caucasus.
文摘主题语境:动物特性,篇幅:335词,建议用时:7分钟,Polar bears possess a remarkable ability to prevent ice from forming on their fur,a characteristic that has long been recognized by Indigenous Arctic peoples but only recently studied by scientists.Bodil Holst,a physicist from the University of Bergen in Norway,discovered that the ice resistance of polar bear fur is due to natural oils secreted(分泌)onto the hairs,rather than the fur itself.This finding came from Holsts observation that polar bears,despite having freezing fur temperatures,never appeared with ice buildup in wildlife documentaries.
文摘Water scarcity poses a significant challenge globally,with South Africa exemplifying the severe socio-economic and environmental impacts of limited water access.Despite advances in modern water management systems,the integration of indigenous knowledge(IK)into formal frameworks remains underutilized.This study systematically reviews the role of indigenous water conservation practices in South Africa,analyzing over 50 high-quality sources using the PRISMA methodology.The findings highlight the effectiveness of IK in addressing water scarcity through techniques such as rainwater harvesting,terracing,and wetland management,which are low-cost,environmentally sustainable,and deeply rooted in cultural practices.Indigenous methods also enhance climate resilience by enabling communities to adapt to droughts and floods through practices such as weather prediction and adaptive farming techniques.Furthermore,these practices foster social inclusivity and community empowerment,ensuring equitable water access and intergenerational knowledge transfer.The study underscores the potential of integrating IK with modern water technologies to create holistic solutions that are scalable,sustainable,and aligned with South Africa’s goal of achieving water security by 2030.Policy recommendations emphasize the need for institutional support,data collection,and financial incentives to sustain and mainstream indigenous approaches.By bridging the gap between traditional and contemporary systems,this research provides a roadmap for leveraging diverse knowledge systems to address water scarcity and build resilient communities.
文摘Home gardens serve as a crucial adaptation strategy for tribal communities in Keonjhar district,Odisha,enhancing food security,income generation,and climate resilience.This study examines the role of home gardens in sustaining tribal livelihoods while addressing challenges such as climate variability,soil degradation,and market constraints.Adopting a mixed-methods approach,it integrates the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework(SLF)and socio-ecological resilience theory.Data from 120 tribal households across four villages in Banspal block were collected through structured interviews and focus group discussions.A key innovation lies in integrating indigenous knowledge systems with the Problem Facing Index(PFI)methodology to generate quantified,community-driven insights on climate adaptation barriers.Findings reveal that home gardens contribute around ₹10,000 per season to household income,reducing market dependency by over 70% during crises such as the COVID-19 lockdown.Over 75% of households face high to medium challenges due to climate variability(PFI=252),soil degradation(PFI=251),and wildlife intrusions(PFI=250).Other notable constraints include pests(75%)and poor market access(61.7%).Although 82.5% reported no issue with agricultural inputs,water scarcity remains a seasonal concern for 23%.Despite constraints,home gardens were found to enhance all five SLF capitals:natural,human,social,financial,and physical.The study recommends contextsensitive interventions,including seed distribution,organic inputs,weather-based advisories,and strengthened institutional support.It highlights the potential for scaling home garden models across other marginalized agroecological regions in India and Asia,aligning them with national rural development and climate adaptation programs.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Ionic Rare Earth Resources and Environment,Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China(No.2022IRERE201)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BK20231074)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52404371,52274351,and 52304365)the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2021YFC2902202)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(No.2023A1515011847)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,China(Nos.20232ACB204014 and 20232ACB204016)the Open Fund for Technology Innovation Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Strategic Mineral Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources(No.CCUM-KY-2305).
文摘Indigenous microbial communities were employed after subculture in stirred and column bioleaching experiments involving ion-adsorption type rare earth ore.The microbial eukaryotic communities exhibited dramatically varying diversity and structure across culture compositions.Compared with Czapek and sucrose medium,the community cultured in a nutrient broth(NB)medium had a high-er diversity,and it was mainly composed of Zygosaccharomyces,Ustilago,Kodamaea,Malassezia,and Aspergillus.These microorgan-isms secrete organic acids,such as citric acid,malic acid,gluconic acid,and itaconic acid,which provide effective coordination electrons through hydroxyl and carboxyl groups.Stirred bioleaching experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of community,inoculum dosage,liquid–solid ratio,and time on the leaching efficiency.Stirred bioleaching resulted in a concentration limitation phenomenon.When the inoculum dosage of the community cultured in NB medium was 70vol%,the liquid–solid ratio was 5.0 mL·g^(-1),and the time was 60 min,the upward trend of rare earths leaching rate has become very small.Specifically,the leaching rates of detectable La,Ce,and Y were approximately 92.49%,92.42%,and 94.39%,respectively.The leaching efficiency and the three influencing factors all con-formed to the Poly5 polynomial function,with variances above 0.99.Column bioleaching experiments were performed at a scale of 1 kg.The self-propelled low-pH environment increased the leaching efficiency,which resulted in a leaching rate of 98.88%for rare earths after 117 h.X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the samples mainly comprised quartz,kaolinite,orthoclase,mus-covite,and zeolite,which were predominantly present in the form of lumps,flakes,rods,and small particles.After bioleaching,the wave intensity of quartz,kaolinite,orthoclase,and muscovite increased,and that of zeolite decreased considerably.A diminution in the number of fine particles indicated the dissolution of small quantities of clay minerals.Ultimately,the differentiated bioleaching mechanism of various forms of rare earths was discussed based on experimental phenomena.
文摘Studying the interactions and relationships between humans and animals is known as ethnozoology.Indigenous medicine that is used to prevent,diagnose,and cure physical and mental disorders is known as traditional medicine.The understanding of how various animal materials are used in conventional medicine by different ethnic communities is undocumented and largely passed through oral communication from generation to generation.Traditional medicine is the primary source of healthcare for many ethnic tribes in Ethiopia.Approximately 80%of Ethiopians rely on traditional medicine to cure a variety of human conditions.However,because they are passed down orally from generation to generation,this indigenous medical practice is being disregarded and is still disappearing as a result of inadequate documentation.Ethiopia is a land of diversity,with a wide variety of fauna and ethnic groups,each of whom uses and manipulates medicinal animals in a unique way to treat a range of human illnesses.The main participants in the curative component of traditional medicine practice are traditional healers,who go by various names in different regions of the nation.In Ethiopia,though indigenous societies medicinally used animal species for millennia,they have given little attention to their conservation.Therefore,documentation of traditional medicinal animals and indigenous healing practices of Ethiopian cultures are very important to preserve the country’s resources.
文摘Indigenous cultures prescribed a means of maximizing the benefits they produced and enjoyed in their relationship with each other and the environment-based on their understanding of the nature of existence and how to live in harmony with the forces shaping the nature of existence.The emergence of civilization introduced the claim that rational abilities superseded indigenous knowledge.This was followed by positivism and the claim that knowledge passed through three stages:mythological,philosophical,and scientific.This impacted indigenous cultures in ways that reached a height when postcolonial development experts convinced national leaders that progress required adopting advances in science.A failure to modernize was regarded as holding back progress.With the development paradigm now regarded as inadequate for achieving its goals and with the rise of the sustainability discourse,there is appreciation for indigenous knowledge.This article describes an indigenous cultural knowledge system that reflects the insight and wisdom of the world’s most respected scientific and philosophical traditions.The beliefs of the Bodo people of Northeast India are used as an example of an indigenous worldview that portrays insight proven to have value that is comparable to the natural sciences,plus theories of natural law and political philosophy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51978576,42207021 and 52370177)Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program(Nos.2023ZHCG0058,2025ZNSFSC0194 and 2024NSFSC0131)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2682024ZTPY012)the Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Tobacco Company of China National Tobacco Corporation(Nos.SCYC202109 and SCYC202409)。
文摘Prominent cadmium(Cd)pollution and widespread phoxim(p H)use hinder the growth and medicinal value of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.(Chuanxiong).While bioremediation by rhizobacteria helps plants counter pollutants,the specific roles of indigenous resistant consortia collected from polluted soils in immobilizing heavy metals,degrading pesticides,and enhancing plant stress tolerance remain insufficiently explored.Here,an indigenous pollutant-resistant consortium(RM)was developed from a highly Cd-polluted area(14.85 mg/kg Cd)as a bioremediation strategy to alleviate stress on Chuanxiong.The RM was specifically enriched with a Cd-p H co-resistant strain,Halomonas spp.TS2.Through16S r RNA sequencing,active microorganisms within RM was identified,including Bacillus,Acinetobacter,Enterococcus,Paraclostridium,and Staphylococcus.Pot experiments demonstrated that RM increased Chuanxiong biomass by 93.38%under Cd-contaminated and by 32.89%under Cd-p H co-contaminated.Furthermore,RM enhanced p H degradation,stabilized soil compounds,and reduced Cd bioavailability,thereby mitigating oxidative damage and altering the diversity and composition of Cd-p H-resistant organisms.These results indicate that utilizing indigenous microbial consortia as a bioremediation strategy can effectively improve soil health and enhance the sustainable cultivation of medicinal herbs in environments heavily contaminated.
文摘Mythology of the San Bushmen of Southern Africa By MATHIAS GUENTHER Oxford University Press The San Bushmen,among the oldest continuous cultures on Earth,are indigenous peoples recognised as the First Nations of Southern Africa.Rich in storytelling traditions,San culture preserves a vast body of myth and lore.In the book.
基金supported by Victoria University of Wellington 2024 PhD Faculty Grant HSSE(Grant No.:FG-HSSE-12486).
文摘The Māori people are indigenous to Aotearoa New Zealand,and their language and culture are considered vital components of the nation’s cultural heritage.However,Te Reo Māori is regarded as a lowresource language outside of New Zealand,and its literary works usually rely on English as a pivot language for translation and communication.Therefore,in the process of promoting Māori literature as part of world literature by translating it into non-English languages,the accurate translation of cultural keywords is crucial to prevent dilemmas such as information loss and cultural misappropriation.In this article,we aim to explore effective translation strategies to enhance the international visibility and readership of Māori literature by analysing the rendition of Māori cultural keywords in the Chinese translation of“The Whale Rider”.
文摘Climate crises necessitate adaptive,cost-effective,and community-driven strategies to enhance urban resilience.Tactical urban design,which includes temporary and experimental interventions,is becoming increasingly vital,particularly in indigenous contexts.This study explores the spatial agency approach within tactical urbanism,emphasizing low-technology techniques,indigenous knowledge,and decentralized design as active elements in transforming public spaces.It aims to review recent trends and alternative tactical strategies in indigenous settings while identifying the attributes and mechanisms that contribute to the creation of sustainable public spaces through spatial agency.Employing an interpretive qualitative methodology that includes case studies and content analysis,the research focuses on the Open-Air Lab in Dakar,Senegal(Codesign Lab,Paolo Cascone).This project,a small-scale public infrastructure initiative born from participatory design,exemplifies a hybrid model that combines traditional craftsmanship,low-tech digital fabrication,and environmentally conscious solutions.The findings indicate that framing spatial agency as an actor-network process brings marginalized actors and practices to the forefront,fostering empowerment,social synergy,and climate-responsive design.The study advocates for a shift in tactical urban design from ephemeral placemaking toward long-term,adaptive strategies grounded in local materiality,community engagement,knowledge systems,and decentralized networks.These insights reshape the understanding of urban adaptability and provide practical guidance for architects and planners aiming to create inclusive,climate-resilient public spaces in indigenous and Global South contexts.
文摘Multifocal epithelial hyperplasia(MEH),also known as Heck’s disease,is a rare and benign condition of the oral mucosa that is strongly associated with low-risk human papillomavirus(HPV)genotypes 13 and 32.This narrative review synthesizes recent findings regarding the epidemiology,viral mechanisms,clinical and histopathological features,diagnostic strategies-including molecular and immunohistochemical methods-and therapeutic approaches to MEH.This disease predominantly affects children and adolescents from Indigenous American countries,although cases have been increasingly reported in nonendemic regions.MEH manifests clinically as multiple,asymptomatic papules or nodules,typically exhibiting a characteristic cobblestone-like appearance.Histologically,it presents with epithelial hyperplasia,koilocytosis,and altered cytokeratin expression.Molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization are pivotal for accurate viral genotyping,while immunohistochemical markers such as CK4/13,Ki-67,and the absence of p16 can be useful adjuncts in differential diagnosis.Despite its self-limiting nature in most cases,treatment may be warranted in symptomatic or immunocompromised patients.This review highlights the need to improve diagnostic access,develop targeted vaccines,and implement public health strategies in vulnerable communities.It also highlights existing gaps in knowledge,particularly regarding host-virus interactions and the absence of standardized treatment protocols.
基金supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research,King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia,grant number KFU242733.
文摘The medicinal herb Geranium wallichianum belongs to the family Geraniaceae. The East Asian Himalayas are its primary habitat. Overexploitation and overharvesting pose a threat to this plant, given its extensive ethnomedical utilization in the community. In Pakistan, its population has already declined by over 75%. Given its critical medicinal importance, urgent conservation efforts are needed to prevent extinction. The aim of the current research was to determine the effectiveness of sucrose and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in decelerating the growth of this medicinally important species. Nodal segments were utilized as explant with varying levels of polyethylene glycol (PEG) (0.5% and 1.5%) and sucrose (4% and 8%) as treatments on different growth attributes. Over a 45-day period, PEG treatments (0.5% and 1.5%) proved more efficient compared to sucrose in suppressing in vitro growth, with reduced shoot lengths (0.92 and 0.57 cm), dry weight (0.04 and 0.02 g), and fresh weight (0.06 and 0.04 g). PEG also significantly enhanced phenolic levels (0.96 and 0.19 mg/g) and soluble sugars (4.07 and 4.12 mg/g) while reducing total protein level (2.38 and 2.32 mg/g) and total chlorophyll content (0.17 and 0.14 mg/g). The Pearson correlation analysis showed a negative association between phenolic levels and total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b. The length of the shoot had a negative relationship with phenolic level but a positive relationship with both fresh and dry weight. The principal component analysis revealed that total sugars and phenolics that were grouped separately from other variables led to stronger responses to osmotic stress. These outcomes suggested that higher PEG was successful in reducing in vitro growth throughout short-term preservation in comparison to sucrose. The outcomes of this research could be applied for the in vitro conservation of medical plants in the future.
基金supported by the Second Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai‒Xizang Plateau(Grant No.2019QZKK0405-05)method-ological support from the State Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72033005)is also appreciated greatly.
文摘Global warming has led to the frequent occurrence of extreme climatic events(ECEs)in the ecologically frag ile Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Rural households face strong barriers in adaption,and food production is seriously threatened.Current methods for increasing household adaptability take a holistic point of view,but do not ac curately identify groups experiencing different adaptive barriers.To better identify different barriers,this paper examines natural,economic,cognitive,and technical barriers.A total of 17 indicators were selected to com prehensively evaluate the degree of barriers to crops adaptation in response to ECEs.Key factors were further analyzed to identify paths to break down the barriers.The results showed the following.(1)Natural barriers were present at the highest degree,economic barriers appear to be smallest,and the overall barriers were bi ased towards the lower quartile.10.82%of the households with the highest barriers.(2)67.38%of households report taking adaptive measures in crops production.The increase of the barriers leads to an increase and then a decrease in the possibility of adaptive behavior.(3)Addressing technical barriers is key to rapidly increasing household adaptive behavior in response to ECEs.The study provides recommendations for local governments to improve household adaptation behavior from two perspectives:short-term and long-term optimization path ways.This study can help governments quickly locate households with different classes of barriers,and propose more targeted adaptation policies.The ultimate goal is to ensure the sustainability of crops production and the well-being of households in northeastern part of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.
