Analytical indicial aerodynamic functions are calculated for several trapezoidal wings in subsonic flow, with a Mach number 0.3 Ma 0.7. The formulation herein proposed extends wellknown aerodynamic theories, which are...Analytical indicial aerodynamic functions are calculated for several trapezoidal wings in subsonic flow, with a Mach number 0.3 Ma 0.7. The formulation herein proposed extends wellknown aerodynamic theories, which are limited to thin aerofoils in incompressible flow, to generic trapezoidal wing planforms. Firstly, a thorough study is executed to assess the accuracy and limitation of analytical predictions, using unsteady results from two state-of-the-art computational fluid dynamics solvers as cross-validated benchmarks. Indicial functions are calculated for a step change in the angle of attack and for a sharp-edge gust, each for four wing configurations and three Mach numbers. Then, analytical and computational indicial responses are used to predict dynamic derivatives and the maximum lift coefficient following an encounter with a one-minus-cosine gust. It is found that the analytical results are in excellent agreement with the computational results for all test cases. In particular, the deviation of the analytical results from the computational results is within the scatter or uncertainty in the data arising from using two computational fluid dynamics solvers. This indicates the usefulness of the developed analytical theories.展开更多
BACKGROUND The extensor indicis proprius(EIP)tendon is a frequently used donor for a variety of tendon transfers,most commonly for reconstruction of the extensor pollicis longus(EPL).EIP is known to have frequent anat...BACKGROUND The extensor indicis proprius(EIP)tendon is a frequently used donor for a variety of tendon transfers,most commonly for reconstruction of the extensor pollicis longus(EPL).EIP is known to have frequent anatomic variants including split tendons and variations in tendon arrangement.AIM To characterize the anatomy of the EIP at the level of the extensor retinaculum,where tendon harvest is often performed,and share our preferred technique for EIP to EPL transfer.METHODS Twenty-nine fresh-frozen cadaveric forearms without history of forearm or hand injury or surgery were dissected.Tendon circumference and relationship of the EIP and extensor digitorum communis to the index(EDCI)at the metacarpophalangeal(MCP)joint and the distal extensor retinaculum were recorded.Distance from the distal extensor retinaculum to the EIP myotendinous junction was measured.RESULTS EIP was ulnar to the EDCI in 96.5%of specimens(28/29)at the distal edge of the extensor retinaculum.In the remaining specimen,EIP was volar to EDCI.Tendon circumference at the distal extensor retinaculum averaged(9.3 mm±1.7 mm)for EDCI and 11.1 mm(±2.7 mm)for EIP(P=0.0010).The tendon circumference at the index MCP joint averaged 11.0 mm(±1.7 mm)for EDCI and 10.6 mm(±2.1 mm)for EIP(P=0.33).EIP had a greater circumference in 76%(22/29)of specimens at the distal extensor retinaculum whereas EIP had a greater circumference in only 31%(9/29)of specimens at the MCP joint.CONCLUSION The EIP tendon is frequently ulnar to and greater in circumference than the EDCI at the distal extensor retinaculum,which can be taken into consideration for tendon transfers involving EIP.展开更多
Proximal or middle lesions of the ulnar or median nerves are responsible for extensive loss of hand motor function.This occurs even when the most meticulous microsurgical techniques or nerve grafts are used.Previous s...Proximal or middle lesions of the ulnar or median nerves are responsible for extensive loss of hand motor function.This occurs even when the most meticulous microsurgical techniques or nerve grafts are used.Previous studies had proposed that nerve transfer was more effective than nerve grafting for nerve repair.Our hypothesis is that transfer of the posterior interosseous nerve,which contains mainly motor fibers,to the ulnar or median nerve can innervate the intrinsic muscles of hands.The present study sought to investigate the feasibility of reconstruction of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve and the thenar branch of median nerve by transferring the extensor indicis proprius branch of the posterior interosseous nerve obtained from adult cadavers.The results suggested that the extensor indicis proprius branch of the posterior interosseous nerve had approximately similar diameters and number of fascicles and myelinated nerve fibers to those of the deep branch of ulnar nerve and the thenar branch of the median nerve.These confirm the feasibility of extensor indicis proprius branch of posterior interosseous nerve transfer for reconstruction of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve and the thenar branch of median nerve.This procedure could be a novel and effective method for the functional recovery of the intrinsic muscles of hands after ulnar nerve or median nerve injury.展开更多
This study was conducted to establish a predictable method for a heat load of an underground structure with sufficient accuracy. As the first step, our previous paper reported the measurement results of field experime...This study was conducted to establish a predictable method for a heat load of an underground structure with sufficient accuracy. As the first step, our previous paper reported the measurement results of field experiments on an underground experimental basement under internal heat generation conditions. Also, it presented the results of numerical analyses on the heat and moisture behavior and the influence of internal heat generation of the experimental basement and ground. However, it is practically impossible to utilize the model of simultaneous heat and moisture transfer at the design phase because the prediction by the model of simultaneous heat and moisture transfer requires a long calculation time. In this paper, the authors present the simple load calculation technique, using a linearized approximation indicial response of the inner surface heat flux in a basement to outdoor air temperature change. In addition, the approximation indicial responses for each part of the single-walled concrete drawn using this technique are arranged. The heat load calculation example of application to the basement of the optional size by this technique is shown.展开更多
Objective:Chrysanthemi Indici Flos(CIF),the inflorescence of Chrysanthemum indicum L.,is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine.Traditionally,the content of active components in Chinese medicinal materials often ...Objective:Chrysanthemi Indici Flos(CIF),the inflorescence of Chrysanthemum indicum L.,is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine.Traditionally,the content of active components in Chinese medicinal materials often changes during processing.However,the variation patterns of main active components in CIF during drying remain largely unknown.This study aims to investigate the contents of multiple chemical components and in vitro bioactivity of CIF with different drying degrees,so as to provide an optimized scheme for its origin processing.Methods:Fresh CIF were dried at 60℃ to obtain samples with different water contents(80%WC,60%WC,40%WC,20%WC and DS).HPLC was used to determine eight chemical components(chlorogenic acid,3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid,galuteolin,linarin,luteolin,naringenin,kaempferol and isorhamnetin).In vitro assays evaluated antioxidant activity(radical scavenging),anti-inflammatory activity(enzyme inhibition)and antibacterial activity(disk diffusion,MIC)against several strains.Results:Among eight chemical components,chlorogenic acid and linarin decreased significantly with drying,luteolin and kaempferol first increased then decreased(peaking at 40%WC),and naringenin was highest in 80%WC.HPLC fingerprint similarity was lowest(0.559)between 80%WC and DS samples.Antioxidant(Total reducing capacity/DPPH/ABTS/OH IC50:80%WC>DS)and anti-inflammatory(XOD/LOX IC50:80%WC>DS)activities strengthened with drying.Extracts inhibited Staphylococcus aureus(MIC 1.560-3.125 mg/m L),Listeria monocytogenes(DS group inhibition zone larger)and Escherichia coli(MIC 3.125 mg/m L),but not Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Salmonella paratyphoid.Conclusion:Drying degree significantly affects CIF's chemical profiles and in vitro bioactivities,with dry samples showing superior antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties and specific antibacterial effects.These findings offer targeted guidance for optimizing primary processing parameters of CIF.展开更多
Objective:The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-diabetic effects of linarin,a flavonoid extracted from Chrysanthemi Indici Flos(CIF),and its potential mechanisms.Methods:The effects of linarin on cell v...Objective:The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-diabetic effects of linarin,a flavonoid extracted from Chrysanthemi Indici Flos(CIF),and its potential mechanisms.Methods:The effects of linarin on cell viability and glucose consumption in Hep G2 cells were measured.Meanwhile,monosodium glutamate(MSG) mouse model was constructed to monitor the changes of insulin tolerance,glucose tolerance,triglyceride and cholesterol.The protein expression levels of pAMPK,p-ACC,PEPCK and p-GS were detected by Western blot.Results:Linarin could increase the relative glucose consumption of Hep G2 cells,improve insulin tolerance and glucose tolerance,and decrease the levels of triglyceride and cholesterol of MSG mice.Simultaneously,the expression levels of p-AMPK and p-ACC in Hep G2 cells and the liver tissue of MSG mice were increased,while the expression levels of PEPCK and p-GS were decreased after treatment with linarin.Conclusion:Insulin resistance could be ameliorated by linarin in type 2 diabetes,and its mechanism may be related to AMPK signaling pathway.展开更多
目的观察野菊花提取物对糖尿病KKAy小鼠血糖和血脂水平的影响,及对醛糖还原酶(AR)的抑制作用。方法8周龄雄性KKAy小鼠,根据初始空腹血糖随机分为模型组、野菊花提取物20和100 mg·kg^(-1)组及格列美脲0.4 mg·kg^(-1)组,以雄性C...目的观察野菊花提取物对糖尿病KKAy小鼠血糖和血脂水平的影响,及对醛糖还原酶(AR)的抑制作用。方法8周龄雄性KKAy小鼠,根据初始空腹血糖随机分为模型组、野菊花提取物20和100 mg·kg^(-1)组及格列美脲0.4 mg·kg^(-1)组,以雄性C57BL/6J小鼠作为正常对照组,每天ig给药1次,连续7周。每周测量小鼠体质量和摄食量,实验结束前测定空腹血糖并进行口服葡萄糖耐量实验(OGTT)。末次给药后禁食过夜,处死小鼠,取血清进行生化检测,ELISA测定血清中胰岛素、瘦素和AR水平,解剖取肝、肾、脾、睾周脂肪和肾周脂肪,测定脏器系数并进行常规病理组织学检查。实时PCR测定肾组织匀浆中AR m RNA表达。结果与模型组比较,野菊花提取物100 mg·kg^(-1)组小鼠摄食量明显减少(P<0.01),空腹血糖明显降低(P<0.05);OGTT结果表明野菊花提取物可显著抑制葡萄糖吸收(P<0.01),血清谷丙转氨酶、葡萄糖、甘油三酯、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、胰岛素、瘦素和AR水平明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。组织病理学观察显示,模型组小鼠肝、肾、脂肪、胰腺和脾组织出现不同程度病变,野菊花提取物可抑制糖尿病引起的组织病理变化;同时可降低肾组织AR m RNA表达。结论野菊花提取物对KKAy小鼠有降血糖和血脂的作用,并能保护因糖尿病引起的肾、肝、脂肪、胰腺和脾损伤,其对肾的保护作用与降低肾组织AR m RNA表达从而抑制AR作用有关。展开更多
基金the Royal Academy of Engineering for funding this researchthe use of the IRIDIS High Performance Computing Facility, and associated support services at the University of Southampton, in the completion of this work
文摘Analytical indicial aerodynamic functions are calculated for several trapezoidal wings in subsonic flow, with a Mach number 0.3 Ma 0.7. The formulation herein proposed extends wellknown aerodynamic theories, which are limited to thin aerofoils in incompressible flow, to generic trapezoidal wing planforms. Firstly, a thorough study is executed to assess the accuracy and limitation of analytical predictions, using unsteady results from two state-of-the-art computational fluid dynamics solvers as cross-validated benchmarks. Indicial functions are calculated for a step change in the angle of attack and for a sharp-edge gust, each for four wing configurations and three Mach numbers. Then, analytical and computational indicial responses are used to predict dynamic derivatives and the maximum lift coefficient following an encounter with a one-minus-cosine gust. It is found that the analytical results are in excellent agreement with the computational results for all test cases. In particular, the deviation of the analytical results from the computational results is within the scatter or uncertainty in the data arising from using two computational fluid dynamics solvers. This indicates the usefulness of the developed analytical theories.
文摘BACKGROUND The extensor indicis proprius(EIP)tendon is a frequently used donor for a variety of tendon transfers,most commonly for reconstruction of the extensor pollicis longus(EPL).EIP is known to have frequent anatomic variants including split tendons and variations in tendon arrangement.AIM To characterize the anatomy of the EIP at the level of the extensor retinaculum,where tendon harvest is often performed,and share our preferred technique for EIP to EPL transfer.METHODS Twenty-nine fresh-frozen cadaveric forearms without history of forearm or hand injury or surgery were dissected.Tendon circumference and relationship of the EIP and extensor digitorum communis to the index(EDCI)at the metacarpophalangeal(MCP)joint and the distal extensor retinaculum were recorded.Distance from the distal extensor retinaculum to the EIP myotendinous junction was measured.RESULTS EIP was ulnar to the EDCI in 96.5%of specimens(28/29)at the distal edge of the extensor retinaculum.In the remaining specimen,EIP was volar to EDCI.Tendon circumference at the distal extensor retinaculum averaged(9.3 mm±1.7 mm)for EDCI and 11.1 mm(±2.7 mm)for EIP(P=0.0010).The tendon circumference at the index MCP joint averaged 11.0 mm(±1.7 mm)for EDCI and 10.6 mm(±2.1 mm)for EIP(P=0.33).EIP had a greater circumference in 76%(22/29)of specimens at the distal extensor retinaculum whereas EIP had a greater circumference in only 31%(9/29)of specimens at the MCP joint.CONCLUSION The EIP tendon is frequently ulnar to and greater in circumference than the EDCI at the distal extensor retinaculum,which can be taken into consideration for tendon transfers involving EIP.
基金supported by grants from the General Program of Health Department of Jiangsu Province in China,No.H201414the Science and Technology Development and Planning Program of Suzhou City in China,No.SYS201468+2 种基金the Science and Technology and Planning Program of Suzhou City in China,No.SS201636the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Preponderant Clinic Discipline Group Project in China,No.XKQ2015010the Science Pre-Research Project of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University in China,No.SDFEYQN1403
文摘Proximal or middle lesions of the ulnar or median nerves are responsible for extensive loss of hand motor function.This occurs even when the most meticulous microsurgical techniques or nerve grafts are used.Previous studies had proposed that nerve transfer was more effective than nerve grafting for nerve repair.Our hypothesis is that transfer of the posterior interosseous nerve,which contains mainly motor fibers,to the ulnar or median nerve can innervate the intrinsic muscles of hands.The present study sought to investigate the feasibility of reconstruction of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve and the thenar branch of median nerve by transferring the extensor indicis proprius branch of the posterior interosseous nerve obtained from adult cadavers.The results suggested that the extensor indicis proprius branch of the posterior interosseous nerve had approximately similar diameters and number of fascicles and myelinated nerve fibers to those of the deep branch of ulnar nerve and the thenar branch of the median nerve.These confirm the feasibility of extensor indicis proprius branch of posterior interosseous nerve transfer for reconstruction of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve and the thenar branch of median nerve.This procedure could be a novel and effective method for the functional recovery of the intrinsic muscles of hands after ulnar nerve or median nerve injury.
文摘This study was conducted to establish a predictable method for a heat load of an underground structure with sufficient accuracy. As the first step, our previous paper reported the measurement results of field experiments on an underground experimental basement under internal heat generation conditions. Also, it presented the results of numerical analyses on the heat and moisture behavior and the influence of internal heat generation of the experimental basement and ground. However, it is practically impossible to utilize the model of simultaneous heat and moisture transfer at the design phase because the prediction by the model of simultaneous heat and moisture transfer requires a long calculation time. In this paper, the authors present the simple load calculation technique, using a linearized approximation indicial response of the inner surface heat flux in a basement to outdoor air temperature change. In addition, the approximation indicial responses for each part of the single-walled concrete drawn using this technique are arranged. The heat load calculation example of application to the basement of the optional size by this technique is shown.
基金financially supported by the Upgrade Project of Chinese Pharmacopoeia Committee Pharmaceutical Standard"Chrysanthemum indicum"(No.2021Z013)Opening Project of NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.AHYJ-KFKT-202101)+1 种基金the earmarked fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System(No.JATS[2022]461)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Fund Project(No.82304684)。
文摘Objective:Chrysanthemi Indici Flos(CIF),the inflorescence of Chrysanthemum indicum L.,is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine.Traditionally,the content of active components in Chinese medicinal materials often changes during processing.However,the variation patterns of main active components in CIF during drying remain largely unknown.This study aims to investigate the contents of multiple chemical components and in vitro bioactivity of CIF with different drying degrees,so as to provide an optimized scheme for its origin processing.Methods:Fresh CIF were dried at 60℃ to obtain samples with different water contents(80%WC,60%WC,40%WC,20%WC and DS).HPLC was used to determine eight chemical components(chlorogenic acid,3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid,galuteolin,linarin,luteolin,naringenin,kaempferol and isorhamnetin).In vitro assays evaluated antioxidant activity(radical scavenging),anti-inflammatory activity(enzyme inhibition)and antibacterial activity(disk diffusion,MIC)against several strains.Results:Among eight chemical components,chlorogenic acid and linarin decreased significantly with drying,luteolin and kaempferol first increased then decreased(peaking at 40%WC),and naringenin was highest in 80%WC.HPLC fingerprint similarity was lowest(0.559)between 80%WC and DS samples.Antioxidant(Total reducing capacity/DPPH/ABTS/OH IC50:80%WC>DS)and anti-inflammatory(XOD/LOX IC50:80%WC>DS)activities strengthened with drying.Extracts inhibited Staphylococcus aureus(MIC 1.560-3.125 mg/m L),Listeria monocytogenes(DS group inhibition zone larger)and Escherichia coli(MIC 3.125 mg/m L),but not Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Salmonella paratyphoid.Conclusion:Drying degree significantly affects CIF's chemical profiles and in vitro bioactivities,with dry samples showing superior antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties and specific antibacterial effects.These findings offer targeted guidance for optimizing primary processing parameters of CIF.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 81273392)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (grant numbers 182300410348)
文摘Objective:The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-diabetic effects of linarin,a flavonoid extracted from Chrysanthemi Indici Flos(CIF),and its potential mechanisms.Methods:The effects of linarin on cell viability and glucose consumption in Hep G2 cells were measured.Meanwhile,monosodium glutamate(MSG) mouse model was constructed to monitor the changes of insulin tolerance,glucose tolerance,triglyceride and cholesterol.The protein expression levels of pAMPK,p-ACC,PEPCK and p-GS were detected by Western blot.Results:Linarin could increase the relative glucose consumption of Hep G2 cells,improve insulin tolerance and glucose tolerance,and decrease the levels of triglyceride and cholesterol of MSG mice.Simultaneously,the expression levels of p-AMPK and p-ACC in Hep G2 cells and the liver tissue of MSG mice were increased,while the expression levels of PEPCK and p-GS were decreased after treatment with linarin.Conclusion:Insulin resistance could be ameliorated by linarin in type 2 diabetes,and its mechanism may be related to AMPK signaling pathway.
文摘目的研究野菊花中萜类和黄酮类化合物对刀豆蛋白A(Con A)诱导的小鼠免疫性肝损伤的保护作用。方法将小鼠随机分成对照组,模型组,野菊花各提取部位(CIF-A,主要含萜类化合物;CIF-B,主要含萜类和黄酮类化合物;CIF-C,主要含黄酮类化合物)高、中、低剂量组,联双酯滴丸阳性对照组。小鼠首日上下午和次日下午各ig给药1次,以后每天给药1次,连续7 d,末次给药后,除对照组外,其他组小鼠尾iv Con A制备小鼠免疫性肝损伤模型。检测小鼠血清中天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)的水平;测定肝组织中MDA的量,观察肝脏病理组织学变化。结果与模型组比较,CIF-A、CIF-B均抑制血清中AST、ALT、TNF-α水平的升高;CIF-C抑制AST、ALT、IFN-γ水平的升高;CIF-B可降低肝组织中MDA的量,明显改善肝组织病变,作用优于CIF-A和CIF-C。结论野菊花中萜类和黄酮类化合物对ConA致小鼠免疫性肝损伤均具有一定的保肝作用,CIF-B作用更强。
文摘目的观察野菊花提取物对糖尿病KKAy小鼠血糖和血脂水平的影响,及对醛糖还原酶(AR)的抑制作用。方法8周龄雄性KKAy小鼠,根据初始空腹血糖随机分为模型组、野菊花提取物20和100 mg·kg^(-1)组及格列美脲0.4 mg·kg^(-1)组,以雄性C57BL/6J小鼠作为正常对照组,每天ig给药1次,连续7周。每周测量小鼠体质量和摄食量,实验结束前测定空腹血糖并进行口服葡萄糖耐量实验(OGTT)。末次给药后禁食过夜,处死小鼠,取血清进行生化检测,ELISA测定血清中胰岛素、瘦素和AR水平,解剖取肝、肾、脾、睾周脂肪和肾周脂肪,测定脏器系数并进行常规病理组织学检查。实时PCR测定肾组织匀浆中AR m RNA表达。结果与模型组比较,野菊花提取物100 mg·kg^(-1)组小鼠摄食量明显减少(P<0.01),空腹血糖明显降低(P<0.05);OGTT结果表明野菊花提取物可显著抑制葡萄糖吸收(P<0.01),血清谷丙转氨酶、葡萄糖、甘油三酯、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、胰岛素、瘦素和AR水平明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。组织病理学观察显示,模型组小鼠肝、肾、脂肪、胰腺和脾组织出现不同程度病变,野菊花提取物可抑制糖尿病引起的组织病理变化;同时可降低肾组织AR m RNA表达。结论野菊花提取物对KKAy小鼠有降血糖和血脂的作用,并能保护因糖尿病引起的肾、肝、脂肪、胰腺和脾损伤,其对肾的保护作用与降低肾组织AR m RNA表达从而抑制AR作用有关。
