The atom-bond sum-connectivity(ABS)index,put forward by[J.Math.Chem.,2022,60(10):20812093],exhibits a strong link with the acentric factor of octane isomers.The experimental physico-chemical properties of octane isome...The atom-bond sum-connectivity(ABS)index,put forward by[J.Math.Chem.,2022,60(10):20812093],exhibits a strong link with the acentric factor of octane isomers.The experimental physico-chemical properties of octane isomers,such as boiling point,of formation are found to be better measured by the ABS index than by the Randi,atom-bond connectivity(ABC),and sum-connectivity(SC)indices.One important source of information for researching the molecular structure is the bounds for its topological indices.The extrema of the ABS index of the line,total,and Mycielski graphs are calculated in this work.Moreover,the pertinent extremal graphs were illustrated.展开更多
The Gabes aquifer system,located in southeastern Tunisia,is a crucial resource for supporting local socio-economic activities.Due to its dual porosity structure,is particularly vulnerable to pollution.This study aims ...The Gabes aquifer system,located in southeastern Tunisia,is a crucial resource for supporting local socio-economic activities.Due to its dual porosity structure,is particularly vulnerable to pollution.This study aims to develop a hybrid model that combines the Fracture Aquifer Index(FAI)with the conventional GOD(Groundwater occurrence,Overall lithology,Depth to water table)method,to assess groundwater vulnerability in fractured aquifer.To develop the hybrid model,the classical GOD method was integrated with FAI to produce a single composite index.Each parameter within both GOD and FAI was scored,and a final index was calculated to delineate vulnerable areas.The results show that the study area can be classified into four vulnerability levels:Very low,low,moderate,and high,indicating that approximately 8%of the area exhibits very low vulnerability,29%has low vulnerability,25%falls into the moderate category,and 38%is considered highly vulnerable.The FAI-GOD model further incorporates fracture network characteristics.This refinement reduces the classification to three vulnerability classes:Low,medium,and high.The outcomes demonstrate that 46%of the area is highly vulnerable due to a dense concentration of fractures,while 17%represents an intermediate zone characterized by either shallow or deeper fractures.In contrast,37%corresponds to areas with lightly fractured rock,where the impact on vulnerability is minimal.Multivariate statistical analysis was employed using Principal Components Analysis(PCA)and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis(HCA)on 24 samples across six variables.The first three components account for over 76%of the total variance,reinforcing the significance of fracture dynamics in classifying vulnerability levels.The FAI-GOD model removes the very-low-vulnerability class and expands the spatial extent of low-and high-vulnerability zones,reflecting the dominant influence of fracture networks on aquifer sensitivity.While both indices use a five-class system,FAI-GOD redistributes vulnerability by eliminating very-low-vulnerability areas and amplifying low/high categories,highlighting the critical role of fractures.A strong correlation(R2=0.94)between the GOD and FAI-GOD indices,demonstrated through second-order polynomial regression,confirms the robustness of the FAI-GOD model in accurately predicting vulnerability to pollution.This model provides a useful framework for assessing the vulnerability of complex aquifers and serves as a decision-making tool for groundwater managers in similar areas.展开更多
The addition of high-content crumb rubber(HCCR)in asphalt can effectively address waste tire pollution and provide sustainable environmental and economic advantages.However,the practical application of conventional ru...The addition of high-content crumb rubber(HCCR)in asphalt can effectively address waste tire pollution and provide sustainable environmental and economic advantages.However,the practical application of conventional rubberized binders is significantly limited by high viscosity and poor storage stability.To address these issues,researchers have pretreated crumb rubber(CR)with oil,but high-temperature performance remains insufficient.Therefore,this study aimed to optimize the viscosity,storage stability,and rheological properties of high-content crumb rubber-modified asphalt(HCCRMA)by varying the pretreatment levels of CR and incorporating various additives,including styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS),deoiled asphalt(DA),or recycled low-density polyethylene(RLDPE).In addition,CR was pretreated with waste cooking oil(WCO)at various ratios,pre-swelling temperatures,and times.The results show that DA exhibits excellent storage stability and lower viscosity compared with other modifiers in HCCRMA,and the 4%RLDPE with pretreated HCCR has the greatest high-temperature rutting resistance.The inclusion of RLDPE increases the stiffness and elasticity of the modified asphalt,which results in greater high-temperature performance.Additionally,the fluorescence microscopy(FM)test confirms that SBS exhibits better dispersion than other modifiers and forms a more homogeneous phase separation in the HCCRMA.All in all,this research achieved an optimal balance of storage stability and rheological properties in asphalt modified with pretreated HCCR and 6%SBS,which provides a valuable reference for performance improvement of HCCR-modified binders.展开更多
Flubendiamide is a commonly used pesticide with low water solubility and a high organic carbon sorption constant,causing it to adhere to soil particles and negatively impact soil ecosystems.First,chili plant stems,typ...Flubendiamide is a commonly used pesticide with low water solubility and a high organic carbon sorption constant,causing it to adhere to soil particles and negatively impact soil ecosystems.First,chili plant stems,typically discarded after the harvest season,represent an abundant local biomass resource with significant potential for utilization,and were converted into biochar through pyrolysis.Here,we describe the synthesis of biochar modified with iron and chitosan to increase the diversity of functions and surface functional groups of biochar.The resulting chitosan-modified magnetic biochar(CMBC)presents a full range of functional groups of chitosan and iron oxide as shown by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.The correlation between flubendiamide concentration and the dose of biochar on adsorption was explored.The flubendiamide adsorption efficiency of CMBC(1%mass ratio of soil)reached 68.03%in 90 min.The highest adsorption capacity achieved was 0.95 mg·g^(−1).The flubendiamide adsorption mechanism by CMBC can be described with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model.The experiment data closely fit a Freundlich isotherm model(R^(2)=0.998),and the low residual sum of squares values demonstrate the high model applicability.In this study,we present a comprehensive overview of pesticides,alongside kinetic and isotherm model studies of flubendiamide adsorption by CMBC.We emphasize the potential of modified biochar to enhance environmental remediation applications.展开更多
Oral immunization is an alternative or supplementary approach that can significantly improve dog vaccination coverage,especially for free-roaming dogs.Safe and effective oral rabies vaccines for dogs are still being s...Oral immunization is an alternative or supplementary approach that can significantly improve dog vaccination coverage,especially for free-roaming dogs.Safe and effective oral rabies vaccines for dogs are still being sought.In our previous studies,we generated a genetically modified rabies virus(RABV) ERA strain,rERAG_(333E),containing a mutation from arginine(Arg,R) to glutamic acid(Glu,E) at residue 333 of the G protein(G_(333E)).Our previous results demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) was safe for adult mice and dogs,and oral vaccination with rERAG_(333E) induced a strong and long-lasting protective immune response in dogs.Here,we further investigated the safety and immunogenicity of rERAG_(333E) in nontarget species,including suckling mice,rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,piglets,goats,and sheep.Suckling mice studies demonstrated that the G_(333E) mutation significantly reduced the virulence of the ERA strain.All of the suckling mice aged 10 days and above survived and showed no apparent signs of disease after intracerebral inoculation with rERAG_(333E).Animal studies demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) was safe in rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,piglets,goats,and sheep.None of those animals inoculated orally with 10 times the intended field dose of rERAG_(333E) showed abnormal clinical signs before and after the booster immunization with Rabvac 3,an inactivated rabies vaccine.Meanwhile,oral inoculation with rERAG_(333E) induced strong neutralizing antibody(NA) responses to RABV in rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,and piglets.These results demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) has the potential to serve as a safe oral rabies vaccine for dogs.展开更多
This commentary critically appraises the study by Li et al which pioneered the exploration of the triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index as a prognostic marker in hepatitis B virus-related advanced hepatocellular carcinoma pa...This commentary critically appraises the study by Li et al which pioneered the exploration of the triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index as a prognostic marker in hepatitis B virus-related advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing combined camrelizumab and lenvatinib therapy.While we acknowledge the study’s clinical relevance in proposing an easily accessible metabolic biomarker,we delve into the mechanistic plausibility linking insulin resistance to immunotherapy response and angiogenic inhibition.We further critically examine the methodological limitations,including the retrospective design,the populationspecific TyG cut-off value,and unaddressed metabolic confounders.We highlight the imperative for future research to validate its utility across diverse etiologies and treatment settings,and to unravel the underlying immunometabolic pathways.展开更多
BACKGROUND Timely and accurate evaluation of mental disorders in adolescents using appropriate mental health literacy assessment tools is essential for improving their mental health literacy levels.AIM To develop an e...BACKGROUND Timely and accurate evaluation of mental disorders in adolescents using appropriate mental health literacy assessment tools is essential for improving their mental health literacy levels.AIM To develop an evaluation index system for the mental health literacy of adolescent patients with mental disorders,providing a scientific,comprehensive,and reliable tool for the monitoring and intervention of mental health literacy of such patients.METHODS From December 2022 to June 2023,the evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders was developed through literature reviews,semi-structured interviews,expert letter consultations,and the analytic hierarchy process.Based on this index system,a self-assessment questionnaire was compiled and administered to 305 adolescents with mental disorders to test the reliability and validity of the index system.RESULTS The final evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders included 4 first-level indicators,10 second-level indicators,and 52 third-level indicators.The overall Cronbach’sαcoefficient of the index system was 0.957,with a partial reliability of 0.826 and a content validity index of 0.975.The cumulative variance contribution rate of 10 common factors was 66.491%.The correlation coefficients between each dimension and the total questionnaire ranged from 0.672 to 0.724,while the correlation coefficients in each dimension ranged from 0.389 to 0.705.CONCLUSION The evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders,developed in this study,demonstrated notable reliability and validity,making it a valuable tool for evaluating mental health literacy in this population.展开更多
Let G be a finite group and H a subgroup of G.The normal index of H in G is defined as the order of K/H_(G),where K is a normal supplement of H in G such that|K|is minimal and H_(G)≤K■G.Let p be a prime which divide...Let G be a finite group and H a subgroup of G.The normal index of H in G is defined as the order of K/H_(G),where K is a normal supplement of H in G such that|K|is minimal and H_(G)≤K■G.Let p be a prime which divides the order of a group G.In this paper,some characterizations of G being p-solvable or p-supersolvable were obtained by analyzing the normal index of certain subgroups of G.These results can be viewed as local version of recent results in the literature.展开更多
Surface polaritons,as surface electromagnetic waves propagating along the surface of a medium,have played a crucial role in enhancing photonic spin Hall effect(PSHE)and developing highly sensitive refractive index(RI)...Surface polaritons,as surface electromagnetic waves propagating along the surface of a medium,have played a crucial role in enhancing photonic spin Hall effect(PSHE)and developing highly sensitive refractive index(RI)sensors.Among them,the traditional surface plasmon polariton(SPP)based on noble metals limits its application beyond the near-infrared(IR)regime due to the large negative permittivity and optical losses.In this contribution,we theoretically proposed a highly sensitive PSHE sensor with the structure of Ge prism-SiC-Si:InAs-sensing medium,by taking advantage of the hybrid surface plasmon phonon polariton(SPPhP)in mid-IR regime.Here,heavily Si-doped InAs(Si:InAs)and SiC excite the SPP and surface phonon polariton(SPhP),and the hybrid SPPhP is realized in this system.More importantly,the designed PSHE sensor based on this SPPhP mechanism achieves the multi-stage RI measurements from 1.00025-1.00225 to 1.70025-1.70225,and the maximal intensity sensitivity and angle sensitivity can be up to 9.4×10^(4)μm/RIU and245°/RIU,respectively.These findings provide a new pathway for the enhancement of PSHE in mid-IR regime,and offer new opportunities to develop highly sensitive RI sensors in multi-scenario applications,such as harmful gas monitoring and biosensing.展开更多
This study presents a hybrid methodology for predicting building collapses within the Intelligent Circular Resilience(ICR)framework.This uses a supervised Machine Learning(ML)approach,earthquake damage re-ports,and th...This study presents a hybrid methodology for predicting building collapses within the Intelligent Circular Resilience(ICR)framework.This uses a supervised Machine Learning(ML)approach,earthquake damage re-ports,and the Simplified Resilience Index(SRI),derived from existing earthquake damage models(EDM)-based on fragility and vulnerability functions-used in the probabilistic seismic risk assessment(PSRA).A curated building damage database comprising 89 structures(71 collapsed and 18 non-collapsed)from ten countries affected by major earthquakes(Mw 6.1-8.1,epicentral distances of 3-125 km,and PGA values ranging from 0.14 g to 0.82 g)was developed,including attributes related to exposure:occupancy,main structural material,number of stories,construction year,and hazard:magnitude,epicentral distance,intensity measures(Peak-ground acceleration,PGA,and elastic spectral acceleration).The dataset includes events such as the 2017 Puebla-Morelos earthquake(Mw 7.1,Mexico),the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake(Mw 7.6,Turkey),and the 2011 Christchurch earthquake(Mw 6.1,New Zealand),among others.Likewise,dependent attributes such as time elapsed and SRI(under 120-,180-,and 365-day recovery scenarios)were calculated using 2-EDMs.Eight Random Forest models were trained and tested for collapse and non-collapse classification using combinations of independent and dependent attributes.The results indicate that models incorporating exposure-related varia-bles-such as structural material,number of stories,construction year,and occupancy-alongside the SRI significantly improve collapse classification performance,achieving recall and F1 scores above 95%.Notably,many collapsed buildings exhibited low intensities(PGA≤0.25 g),emphasizing the influence of local site effects-particularly in Mexico City.The findings demonstrate that incorporating SRI enhances the reliability of collapse prediction and supports its use as an interpretable resilience proxy during early ICR stages.This hybrid methodology bridges empirical data,traditional PSRA models,and ML techniques,contributing to more accurate and scalable post-earthquake resilience assessments.展开更多
Modified potential ecological risk index （MRI） was proposed based on the potential ecological risk index （RI） and risk assessment code （RAC） by modifying an index. The modified index was relevant to the chemical...Modified potential ecological risk index （MRI） was proposed based on the potential ecological risk index （RI） and risk assessment code （RAC） by modifying an index. The modified index was relevant to the chemical speciation of heavy metals. Xiawan Port, a typical region contaminated by industrial production, was selected as a case study area. The total concentrations and chemical speciation of heavy metals in sediments of Xiawan Port were analyzed. The experimental data indicate that Xiawan Port is seriously polluted by heavy metals, especially by Cd. The risks of heavy metals are evaluated by RI, RAC and MRI, respectively. The resluts of MRI show that the risks of heavy metals are in the decreasing order of Cd〉Pb〉Cu〉Zn. Comparison of results by different methods reveals that MRI integrates the characters of RI and RAC. MRI is recognized to be useful for risk managemnt of heavy metals in sediments.展开更多
A self-normalized statistic the modified modal scintillation index MMSI is proposed and defined as the variance of the modulus of modal excitation normalized by the square of its expected value over some observation i...A self-normalized statistic the modified modal scintillation index MMSI is proposed and defined as the variance of the modulus of modal excitation normalized by the square of its expected value over some observation intervals.It is proved in an analytical form that the MMSI is a depth dependent signature and independent of the source level and the source range under the condition of the ideal waveguide while the classical modal scintillation index MSI depends on both the source level and the source range.The MSI and the MMSI in the Pekeris waveguide at 70 Hz are simulated with different source levels and source ranges by the Kraken normal mode model.The simulation results are consistent with the theoretical deduction.The MMSI probability density functions PDFs of different normal modes for surface and submerged sources are calculated using the mode filtering methods with the same variations of vertical motions.It is indicated that the PDFs can be used to separate the submerged and the surface sources except for the fourth mode.展开更多
BACKGROUND:This study aimed to determine whether modified shock index(MSI)is associated with mortality that is superior to heart rate,blood pressure,or the shock index(SI).in emergency patients.METHODS:A retrospective...BACKGROUND:This study aimed to determine whether modified shock index(MSI)is associated with mortality that is superior to heart rate,blood pressure,or the shock index(SI).in emergency patients.METHODS:A retrospective database review was performed on 22 161 patients who presented to Peking Union Medical College Hospital Emergency Department and received intravenous fluids from January 1 to December 31,2009.We gathered data of the patients on age,gender,vital signs,levels of consciousness,presenting complaints,and SI and MSI were calculated for all patients.RESULTS:Multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine the correlation between risk factors and outcome.There is a significant correlation between emergency patient mortality rate and patient's vital signs obtained at the triage desk(HR>120 beats/min,systolic BP<90 mmHg,diastolic BP<60 mmHg).MSI is a stronger predictor of emergency patient mortality compared to heart rate and blood pressure alone,whereas SI does not have a significant correlation with emergency patient mortality rate.CONCLUSION:MSI is a clinically significant predictor of mortality in emergency patients.It may be better than using heart rate and blood pressure alone.SI is not significantly correlated with the mortality rate of the emergency patient.展开更多
Spatio-temporal dynamic monitoring of soil moisture is highly important to management of agricultural and vegetation eco-systems.The temperature-vegetation dryness index based on the triangle or trapezoid method has b...Spatio-temporal dynamic monitoring of soil moisture is highly important to management of agricultural and vegetation eco-systems.The temperature-vegetation dryness index based on the triangle or trapezoid method has been used widely in previous studies.However,most existing studies simply used linear regression to construct empirical models to fit the edges of the feature space.This requires extensive data from a vast study area,and may lead to subjective results.In this study,a Modified Temperature-Vegetation Dryness Index(MTVDI)was used to monitor surface soil moisture status using MODIS(Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)remote sensing data,in which the dry edge conditions were determined at the pixel scale based on surface energy balance.The MTVDI was validated by field measurements at 30 sites for 10 d and compared with the Temperature-Vegetation Dryness Index(TVDI).The results showed that the R^(2) for MTVDI and soil moisture obviously improved(0.45 for TVDI,0.69 for MTVDI).As for spatial changes,MTVDI can also better reflect the actual soil moisture condition than TVDI.As a result,MTVDI can be considered an effective method to monitor the spatio-temporal changes in surface soil moisture on a regional scale.展开更多
Otindag Sandy Land in China is an important ecological barrier to Beijing;the changes in its ecological quality are major concerns for sustainable development and planning of this area.Based on principal component ana...Otindag Sandy Land in China is an important ecological barrier to Beijing;the changes in its ecological quality are major concerns for sustainable development and planning of this area.Based on principal component analysis and path analysis,we first generated a modified remote sensing ecological index(MRSEI)coupled with satellite and ground observational data during 2001–2020 that integrated four local indicators(greenness,wetness,and heatness that reflect vegetation status,water,and heat conditions,respectively,as well as soil erosion).Then,we assessed the ecological quality in Otindag Sandy Land during 2001–2020 based on the MRSEI at different time scales(i.e.,the whole year,growing season,and non-growing season).MRSEI generally increased with an upward rate of 0.006/a during 2001–2020,with clear seasonal and spatial variations.Ecological quality was significantly improved in most regions of Otindag Sandy Land but degraded in the southern part.Regions with ecological degradation expanded to 18.64%of the total area in the non-growing season.The area with the worst grade of MRSEI shrunk by 15.83%of the total area from 2001 to 2020,while the area with the best grade of MRSEI increased by 9.77%of the total area.The temporal heterogeneity of ecological conditions indicated that the improvement process of ecological quality in the growing season may be interrupted or deteriorated in the following non-growing season.The implementation of ecological restoration measures in Otindag Sandy Land should not ignore the seasonal characteristics and spatial heterogeneity of local ecological quality.The results can explore the effectiveness of ecological restoration and provide scientific guides on sustainable development measures for drylands.展开更多
A new computation scheme proposed to tackle commensurate problems is devel- oped by modifying the semi-analytic approach for minimizing computational complexity. Using the proposed scheme, the limit state equations, u...A new computation scheme proposed to tackle commensurate problems is devel- oped by modifying the semi-analytic approach for minimizing computational complexity. Using the proposed scheme, the limit state equations, usually referred to as the failure surface, are obtained from transformation of an interval variable to a normalized one. In order to minimize the computational cost, two algorithms for optimizing the calculation steps have been proposed. The monotonicity of the objective function can be determined from narrowing the scope of interval variables in normalized infinite space by incorporating the algorithms into the computational scheme. Two examples are used to illustrate the operation and computational efficiency of the approach. The results of these examples show that the proposed algorithms can greatly reduce the computation complexity without sacrificing the computational accuracy. The advantage of the proposed scheme can be even more efficient for analyzing sophistic structures.展开更多
Subsurface stormflow is a dominant runoff mechanism in steep humid mountainous areas.An insite measurement of subsurface stormflow suggests that the bedrock surface plays an important role in the runoff generation and...Subsurface stormflow is a dominant runoff mechanism in steep humid mountainous areas.An insite measurement of subsurface stormflow suggests that the bedrock surface plays an important role in the runoff generation and routing process,which was rarely adopted in hydrological modelling studies.To improve the runoff simulation performance,the bedrock surface topographic index is introduced,and a modified TOPMODEL based on the bedrock surface topographic index is developed to simulate the runoff.The modified TOPMODEL is applied to the Huangbengliu(HBL),a steep watershed in Gongga Mountain,and proved to be more appropriate for the HBL watershed,especially for peak simulation.The Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency(NSE)is improved from 0.24 to 0.58 in the calibration period and from 0.40 to 0.62 in the verification period.The result of this study can advance the understanding of the mechanism of flash floods and contribute flood control and disaster prevention in the HBL watershed and similar areas.展开更多
Groundwater is the main source for water supply in Jordan. Surface water is limited due to low precipitation rates. Studying groundwater vulnerability helps to protect this main source of depletion and degradation for...Groundwater is the main source for water supply in Jordan. Surface water is limited due to low precipitation rates. Studying groundwater vulnerability helps to protect this main source of depletion and degradation for present and coming generations. Different vulnerability indices were built taking into consideration the different environmental setting of the different areas for which these indices were established. Environmental and weather conditions are very important factors in determination groundwater vulnerability hence arid to semi arid areas conditions must be taken into account in applying different indices. The reason after selecting Azraq as a rest point is related directly to the availability of fresh water resources in the form of the wetland supported by many potential springs making Azraq a rich environment for economic activities. A modified DRASTIC vulnerability index was applied to Azraq basin area due to its special climate and wetland area conditions. The index takes the special landuse and the different groundwater depths into consideration and suggests a few measures to alleviate the vulnerability of the groundwater resources due to overexploitation and human activities changing the value of landuse. Azraq basin represents four different vulnerability classes, ranging from Low to very high vulnerability class. The lower vulnerability class areas are distributed in theareas with high depth to water table and low recharge areas with low human activities. The higher vulnerability classes are shown in the areas with high possibility of the pollutants to reach the groundwater. The modified DRASTIC index added the value of the human activity and the structural features in the area which give a more ease to pollutant to permit the aquifer.展开更多
Due to the fast development of industrialization and urbanization, shorelineextraction is necessary for the sustainable development and environment protection inmany countries. This study focused on the accurate metho...Due to the fast development of industrialization and urbanization, shorelineextraction is necessary for the sustainable development and environment protection inmany countries. This study focused on the accurate methods of extracting theinstantaneous waterline —shoreline obtained as the same instant as the satellite imageis acquired. Based on NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index) and MNDWI(Modified Normalized Difference Water Index), the study changed the bandcombination and proposed a second modified normalized water index (SMNDWI) toextract the waterline. And, this new index is applied to three types of coast to evaluatethe performance of this method with traditional ones. Results show that SNDWI isbetter than NDWI and suitable for applying to the waterline extraction.展开更多
基金Supported by Ningbo NSF(No.2021J234)Zhejiang Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Project(No.24NDJC057YB)。
文摘The atom-bond sum-connectivity(ABS)index,put forward by[J.Math.Chem.,2022,60(10):20812093],exhibits a strong link with the acentric factor of octane isomers.The experimental physico-chemical properties of octane isomers,such as boiling point,of formation are found to be better measured by the ABS index than by the Randi,atom-bond connectivity(ABC),and sum-connectivity(SC)indices.One important source of information for researching the molecular structure is the bounds for its topological indices.The extrema of the ABS index of the line,total,and Mycielski graphs are calculated in this work.Moreover,the pertinent extremal graphs were illustrated.
文摘The Gabes aquifer system,located in southeastern Tunisia,is a crucial resource for supporting local socio-economic activities.Due to its dual porosity structure,is particularly vulnerable to pollution.This study aims to develop a hybrid model that combines the Fracture Aquifer Index(FAI)with the conventional GOD(Groundwater occurrence,Overall lithology,Depth to water table)method,to assess groundwater vulnerability in fractured aquifer.To develop the hybrid model,the classical GOD method was integrated with FAI to produce a single composite index.Each parameter within both GOD and FAI was scored,and a final index was calculated to delineate vulnerable areas.The results show that the study area can be classified into four vulnerability levels:Very low,low,moderate,and high,indicating that approximately 8%of the area exhibits very low vulnerability,29%has low vulnerability,25%falls into the moderate category,and 38%is considered highly vulnerable.The FAI-GOD model further incorporates fracture network characteristics.This refinement reduces the classification to three vulnerability classes:Low,medium,and high.The outcomes demonstrate that 46%of the area is highly vulnerable due to a dense concentration of fractures,while 17%represents an intermediate zone characterized by either shallow or deeper fractures.In contrast,37%corresponds to areas with lightly fractured rock,where the impact on vulnerability is minimal.Multivariate statistical analysis was employed using Principal Components Analysis(PCA)and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis(HCA)on 24 samples across six variables.The first three components account for over 76%of the total variance,reinforcing the significance of fracture dynamics in classifying vulnerability levels.The FAI-GOD model removes the very-low-vulnerability class and expands the spatial extent of low-and high-vulnerability zones,reflecting the dominant influence of fracture networks on aquifer sensitivity.While both indices use a five-class system,FAI-GOD redistributes vulnerability by eliminating very-low-vulnerability areas and amplifying low/high categories,highlighting the critical role of fractures.A strong correlation(R2=0.94)between the GOD and FAI-GOD indices,demonstrated through second-order polynomial regression,confirms the robustness of the FAI-GOD model in accurately predicting vulnerability to pollution.This model provides a useful framework for assessing the vulnerability of complex aquifers and serves as a decision-making tool for groundwater managers in similar areas.
基金supported by the Transportation Science and Technology Program of Henan Province(grant number:2023-4-2)the Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia Science and Technology Department(grant number:2022BEG02008)+2 种基金China Communications Construction Group Co.,Ltd.Science and Technology R&D Project(grant number:2021KJW02)the Research and Development Program of Henan Transportation Investment Group Co.,Ltd.(grant number:HNJT2025-1-9)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(grand number:GZC20251139).
文摘The addition of high-content crumb rubber(HCCR)in asphalt can effectively address waste tire pollution and provide sustainable environmental and economic advantages.However,the practical application of conventional rubberized binders is significantly limited by high viscosity and poor storage stability.To address these issues,researchers have pretreated crumb rubber(CR)with oil,but high-temperature performance remains insufficient.Therefore,this study aimed to optimize the viscosity,storage stability,and rheological properties of high-content crumb rubber-modified asphalt(HCCRMA)by varying the pretreatment levels of CR and incorporating various additives,including styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS),deoiled asphalt(DA),or recycled low-density polyethylene(RLDPE).In addition,CR was pretreated with waste cooking oil(WCO)at various ratios,pre-swelling temperatures,and times.The results show that DA exhibits excellent storage stability and lower viscosity compared with other modifiers in HCCRMA,and the 4%RLDPE with pretreated HCCR has the greatest high-temperature rutting resistance.The inclusion of RLDPE increases the stiffness and elasticity of the modified asphalt,which results in greater high-temperature performance.Additionally,the fluorescence microscopy(FM)test confirms that SBS exhibits better dispersion than other modifiers and forms a more homogeneous phase separation in the HCCRMA.All in all,this research achieved an optimal balance of storage stability and rheological properties in asphalt modified with pretreated HCCR and 6%SBS,which provides a valuable reference for performance improvement of HCCR-modified binders.
基金supported by research funds of Jeonbuk National University in 2024 and partly supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2019R1A2C1006441)from the Ministry of Education.
文摘Flubendiamide is a commonly used pesticide with low water solubility and a high organic carbon sorption constant,causing it to adhere to soil particles and negatively impact soil ecosystems.First,chili plant stems,typically discarded after the harvest season,represent an abundant local biomass resource with significant potential for utilization,and were converted into biochar through pyrolysis.Here,we describe the synthesis of biochar modified with iron and chitosan to increase the diversity of functions and surface functional groups of biochar.The resulting chitosan-modified magnetic biochar(CMBC)presents a full range of functional groups of chitosan and iron oxide as shown by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.The correlation between flubendiamide concentration and the dose of biochar on adsorption was explored.The flubendiamide adsorption efficiency of CMBC(1%mass ratio of soil)reached 68.03%in 90 min.The highest adsorption capacity achieved was 0.95 mg·g^(−1).The flubendiamide adsorption mechanism by CMBC can be described with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model.The experiment data closely fit a Freundlich isotherm model(R^(2)=0.998),and the low residual sum of squares values demonstrate the high model applicability.In this study,we present a comprehensive overview of pesticides,alongside kinetic and isotherm model studies of flubendiamide adsorption by CMBC.We emphasize the potential of modified biochar to enhance environmental remediation applications.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China (YQ2022C040)。
文摘Oral immunization is an alternative or supplementary approach that can significantly improve dog vaccination coverage,especially for free-roaming dogs.Safe and effective oral rabies vaccines for dogs are still being sought.In our previous studies,we generated a genetically modified rabies virus(RABV) ERA strain,rERAG_(333E),containing a mutation from arginine(Arg,R) to glutamic acid(Glu,E) at residue 333 of the G protein(G_(333E)).Our previous results demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) was safe for adult mice and dogs,and oral vaccination with rERAG_(333E) induced a strong and long-lasting protective immune response in dogs.Here,we further investigated the safety and immunogenicity of rERAG_(333E) in nontarget species,including suckling mice,rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,piglets,goats,and sheep.Suckling mice studies demonstrated that the G_(333E) mutation significantly reduced the virulence of the ERA strain.All of the suckling mice aged 10 days and above survived and showed no apparent signs of disease after intracerebral inoculation with rERAG_(333E).Animal studies demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) was safe in rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,piglets,goats,and sheep.None of those animals inoculated orally with 10 times the intended field dose of rERAG_(333E) showed abnormal clinical signs before and after the booster immunization with Rabvac 3,an inactivated rabies vaccine.Meanwhile,oral inoculation with rERAG_(333E) induced strong neutralizing antibody(NA) responses to RABV in rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,and piglets.These results demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) has the potential to serve as a safe oral rabies vaccine for dogs.
文摘This commentary critically appraises the study by Li et al which pioneered the exploration of the triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index as a prognostic marker in hepatitis B virus-related advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing combined camrelizumab and lenvatinib therapy.While we acknowledge the study’s clinical relevance in proposing an easily accessible metabolic biomarker,we delve into the mechanistic plausibility linking insulin resistance to immunotherapy response and angiogenic inhibition.We further critically examine the methodological limitations,including the retrospective design,the populationspecific TyG cut-off value,and unaddressed metabolic confounders.We highlight the imperative for future research to validate its utility across diverse etiologies and treatment settings,and to unravel the underlying immunometabolic pathways.
基金Supported by Inter Disciplinary Direction Cultivation Project of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,No.2025JC01032025 Hunan Province Science and Technology Innovation Plan Project,No.2025RC9012+2 种基金2022"Unveiling and Leading"Project of Discipline Construction at Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,No.22JBZ044Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation,No.kq2402174Hunan Provincial Science Popularization Fund Project,No.2025ZK4223.
文摘BACKGROUND Timely and accurate evaluation of mental disorders in adolescents using appropriate mental health literacy assessment tools is essential for improving their mental health literacy levels.AIM To develop an evaluation index system for the mental health literacy of adolescent patients with mental disorders,providing a scientific,comprehensive,and reliable tool for the monitoring and intervention of mental health literacy of such patients.METHODS From December 2022 to June 2023,the evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders was developed through literature reviews,semi-structured interviews,expert letter consultations,and the analytic hierarchy process.Based on this index system,a self-assessment questionnaire was compiled and administered to 305 adolescents with mental disorders to test the reliability and validity of the index system.RESULTS The final evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders included 4 first-level indicators,10 second-level indicators,and 52 third-level indicators.The overall Cronbach’sαcoefficient of the index system was 0.957,with a partial reliability of 0.826 and a content validity index of 0.975.The cumulative variance contribution rate of 10 common factors was 66.491%.The correlation coefficients between each dimension and the total questionnaire ranged from 0.672 to 0.724,while the correlation coefficients in each dimension ranged from 0.389 to 0.705.CONCLUSION The evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders,developed in this study,demonstrated notable reliability and validity,making it a valuable tool for evaluating mental health literacy in this population.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12071092)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2025A1515012072)+1 种基金the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee(Grant No.2024AH051298)the Scientific Research Foundation of Bozhou University(Grant No.BYKQ202419).
文摘Let G be a finite group and H a subgroup of G.The normal index of H in G is defined as the order of K/H_(G),where K is a normal supplement of H in G such that|K|is minimal and H_(G)≤K■G.Let p be a prime which divides the order of a group G.In this paper,some characterizations of G being p-solvable or p-supersolvable were obtained by analyzing the normal index of certain subgroups of G.These results can be viewed as local version of recent results in the literature.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12175107)the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province+2 种基金the Hua Li Talents Program of Nanjing University of PostsTelecommunications,Natural Science Foundation of Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology(Grant No.YK22-02-08)the Fund from the Research Center of Industrial Perception and Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment Engineering of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.ZK21-05-09)。
文摘Surface polaritons,as surface electromagnetic waves propagating along the surface of a medium,have played a crucial role in enhancing photonic spin Hall effect(PSHE)and developing highly sensitive refractive index(RI)sensors.Among them,the traditional surface plasmon polariton(SPP)based on noble metals limits its application beyond the near-infrared(IR)regime due to the large negative permittivity and optical losses.In this contribution,we theoretically proposed a highly sensitive PSHE sensor with the structure of Ge prism-SiC-Si:InAs-sensing medium,by taking advantage of the hybrid surface plasmon phonon polariton(SPPhP)in mid-IR regime.Here,heavily Si-doped InAs(Si:InAs)and SiC excite the SPP and surface phonon polariton(SPhP),and the hybrid SPPhP is realized in this system.More importantly,the designed PSHE sensor based on this SPPhP mechanism achieves the multi-stage RI measurements from 1.00025-1.00225 to 1.70025-1.70225,and the maximal intensity sensitivity and angle sensitivity can be up to 9.4×10^(4)μm/RIU and245°/RIU,respectively.These findings provide a new pathway for the enhancement of PSHE in mid-IR regime,and offer new opportunities to develop highly sensitive RI sensors in multi-scenario applications,such as harmful gas monitoring and biosensing.
基金Vicerrectoría de Inves-tigaciones of the UMNG for the financial support of the IMP-ING-3743 Project.
文摘This study presents a hybrid methodology for predicting building collapses within the Intelligent Circular Resilience(ICR)framework.This uses a supervised Machine Learning(ML)approach,earthquake damage re-ports,and the Simplified Resilience Index(SRI),derived from existing earthquake damage models(EDM)-based on fragility and vulnerability functions-used in the probabilistic seismic risk assessment(PSRA).A curated building damage database comprising 89 structures(71 collapsed and 18 non-collapsed)from ten countries affected by major earthquakes(Mw 6.1-8.1,epicentral distances of 3-125 km,and PGA values ranging from 0.14 g to 0.82 g)was developed,including attributes related to exposure:occupancy,main structural material,number of stories,construction year,and hazard:magnitude,epicentral distance,intensity measures(Peak-ground acceleration,PGA,and elastic spectral acceleration).The dataset includes events such as the 2017 Puebla-Morelos earthquake(Mw 7.1,Mexico),the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake(Mw 7.6,Turkey),and the 2011 Christchurch earthquake(Mw 6.1,New Zealand),among others.Likewise,dependent attributes such as time elapsed and SRI(under 120-,180-,and 365-day recovery scenarios)were calculated using 2-EDMs.Eight Random Forest models were trained and tested for collapse and non-collapse classification using combinations of independent and dependent attributes.The results indicate that models incorporating exposure-related varia-bles-such as structural material,number of stories,construction year,and occupancy-alongside the SRI significantly improve collapse classification performance,achieving recall and F1 scores above 95%.Notably,many collapsed buildings exhibited low intensities(PGA≤0.25 g),emphasizing the influence of local site effects-particularly in Mexico City.The findings demonstrate that incorporating SRI enhances the reliability of collapse prediction and supports its use as an interpretable resilience proxy during early ICR stages.This hybrid methodology bridges empirical data,traditional PSRA models,and ML techniques,contributing to more accurate and scalable post-earthquake resilience assessments.
基金Projects (51039001, 50978087, 51009063, 50808071) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (SX2010-026) supported by State Council Three Gorges Project Construction Committee Executive Office,China+2 种基金Project (2009ZX07212-001) supported by Ministry of Environmental Protection of ChinaProject (BYHGLC-2010-02) supported by Guangzhou Water Authority,ChinaProject (CX2010B157) supported by Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate,China
文摘Modified potential ecological risk index （MRI） was proposed based on the potential ecological risk index （RI） and risk assessment code （RAC） by modifying an index. The modified index was relevant to the chemical speciation of heavy metals. Xiawan Port, a typical region contaminated by industrial production, was selected as a case study area. The total concentrations and chemical speciation of heavy metals in sediments of Xiawan Port were analyzed. The experimental data indicate that Xiawan Port is seriously polluted by heavy metals, especially by Cd. The risks of heavy metals are evaluated by RI, RAC and MRI, respectively. The resluts of MRI show that the risks of heavy metals are in the decreasing order of Cd〉Pb〉Cu〉Zn. Comparison of results by different methods reveals that MRI integrates the characters of RI and RAC. MRI is recognized to be useful for risk managemnt of heavy metals in sediments.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11104029)
文摘A self-normalized statistic the modified modal scintillation index MMSI is proposed and defined as the variance of the modulus of modal excitation normalized by the square of its expected value over some observation intervals.It is proved in an analytical form that the MMSI is a depth dependent signature and independent of the source level and the source range under the condition of the ideal waveguide while the classical modal scintillation index MSI depends on both the source level and the source range.The MSI and the MMSI in the Pekeris waveguide at 70 Hz are simulated with different source levels and source ranges by the Kraken normal mode model.The simulation results are consistent with the theoretical deduction.The MMSI probability density functions PDFs of different normal modes for surface and submerged sources are calculated using the mode filtering methods with the same variations of vertical motions.It is indicated that the PDFs can be used to separate the submerged and the surface sources except for the fourth mode.
文摘BACKGROUND:This study aimed to determine whether modified shock index(MSI)is associated with mortality that is superior to heart rate,blood pressure,or the shock index(SI).in emergency patients.METHODS:A retrospective database review was performed on 22 161 patients who presented to Peking Union Medical College Hospital Emergency Department and received intravenous fluids from January 1 to December 31,2009.We gathered data of the patients on age,gender,vital signs,levels of consciousness,presenting complaints,and SI and MSI were calculated for all patients.RESULTS:Multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine the correlation between risk factors and outcome.There is a significant correlation between emergency patient mortality rate and patient's vital signs obtained at the triage desk(HR>120 beats/min,systolic BP<90 mmHg,diastolic BP<60 mmHg).MSI is a stronger predictor of emergency patient mortality compared to heart rate and blood pressure alone,whereas SI does not have a significant correlation with emergency patient mortality rate.CONCLUSION:MSI is a clinically significant predictor of mortality in emergency patients.It may be better than using heart rate and blood pressure alone.SI is not significantly correlated with the mortality rate of the emergency patient.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41801180)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(No.2020JQ415,2019JQ-767)。
文摘Spatio-temporal dynamic monitoring of soil moisture is highly important to management of agricultural and vegetation eco-systems.The temperature-vegetation dryness index based on the triangle or trapezoid method has been used widely in previous studies.However,most existing studies simply used linear regression to construct empirical models to fit the edges of the feature space.This requires extensive data from a vast study area,and may lead to subjective results.In this study,a Modified Temperature-Vegetation Dryness Index(MTVDI)was used to monitor surface soil moisture status using MODIS(Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)remote sensing data,in which the dry edge conditions were determined at the pixel scale based on surface energy balance.The MTVDI was validated by field measurements at 30 sites for 10 d and compared with the Temperature-Vegetation Dryness Index(TVDI).The results showed that the R^(2) for MTVDI and soil moisture obviously improved(0.45 for TVDI,0.69 for MTVDI).As for spatial changes,MTVDI can also better reflect the actual soil moisture condition than TVDI.As a result,MTVDI can be considered an effective method to monitor the spatio-temporal changes in surface soil moisture on a regional scale.
基金the financial support given by the Special Funds for Science and Technology Innovation on Carbon Peak Carbon Neutral of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20220017)the Innovation Development Project of China Meteorological Administration(CXFZ2023J073)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1506606).
文摘Otindag Sandy Land in China is an important ecological barrier to Beijing;the changes in its ecological quality are major concerns for sustainable development and planning of this area.Based on principal component analysis and path analysis,we first generated a modified remote sensing ecological index(MRSEI)coupled with satellite and ground observational data during 2001–2020 that integrated four local indicators(greenness,wetness,and heatness that reflect vegetation status,water,and heat conditions,respectively,as well as soil erosion).Then,we assessed the ecological quality in Otindag Sandy Land during 2001–2020 based on the MRSEI at different time scales(i.e.,the whole year,growing season,and non-growing season).MRSEI generally increased with an upward rate of 0.006/a during 2001–2020,with clear seasonal and spatial variations.Ecological quality was significantly improved in most regions of Otindag Sandy Land but degraded in the southern part.Regions with ecological degradation expanded to 18.64%of the total area in the non-growing season.The area with the worst grade of MRSEI shrunk by 15.83%of the total area from 2001 to 2020,while the area with the best grade of MRSEI increased by 9.77%of the total area.The temporal heterogeneity of ecological conditions indicated that the improvement process of ecological quality in the growing season may be interrupted or deteriorated in the following non-growing season.The implementation of ecological restoration measures in Otindag Sandy Land should not ignore the seasonal characteristics and spatial heterogeneity of local ecological quality.The results can explore the effectiveness of ecological restoration and provide scientific guides on sustainable development measures for drylands.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.10972084)
文摘A new computation scheme proposed to tackle commensurate problems is devel- oped by modifying the semi-analytic approach for minimizing computational complexity. Using the proposed scheme, the limit state equations, usually referred to as the failure surface, are obtained from transformation of an interval variable to a normalized one. In order to minimize the computational cost, two algorithms for optimizing the calculation steps have been proposed. The monotonicity of the objective function can be determined from narrowing the scope of interval variables in normalized infinite space by incorporating the algorithms into the computational scheme. Two examples are used to illustrate the operation and computational efficiency of the approach. The results of these examples show that the proposed algorithms can greatly reduce the computation complexity without sacrificing the computational accuracy. The advantage of the proposed scheme can be even more efficient for analyzing sophistic structures.
基金funded by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41790431)。
文摘Subsurface stormflow is a dominant runoff mechanism in steep humid mountainous areas.An insite measurement of subsurface stormflow suggests that the bedrock surface plays an important role in the runoff generation and routing process,which was rarely adopted in hydrological modelling studies.To improve the runoff simulation performance,the bedrock surface topographic index is introduced,and a modified TOPMODEL based on the bedrock surface topographic index is developed to simulate the runoff.The modified TOPMODEL is applied to the Huangbengliu(HBL),a steep watershed in Gongga Mountain,and proved to be more appropriate for the HBL watershed,especially for peak simulation.The Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency(NSE)is improved from 0.24 to 0.58 in the calibration period and from 0.40 to 0.62 in the verification period.The result of this study can advance the understanding of the mechanism of flash floods and contribute flood control and disaster prevention in the HBL watershed and similar areas.
文摘Groundwater is the main source for water supply in Jordan. Surface water is limited due to low precipitation rates. Studying groundwater vulnerability helps to protect this main source of depletion and degradation for present and coming generations. Different vulnerability indices were built taking into consideration the different environmental setting of the different areas for which these indices were established. Environmental and weather conditions are very important factors in determination groundwater vulnerability hence arid to semi arid areas conditions must be taken into account in applying different indices. The reason after selecting Azraq as a rest point is related directly to the availability of fresh water resources in the form of the wetland supported by many potential springs making Azraq a rich environment for economic activities. A modified DRASTIC vulnerability index was applied to Azraq basin area due to its special climate and wetland area conditions. The index takes the special landuse and the different groundwater depths into consideration and suggests a few measures to alleviate the vulnerability of the groundwater resources due to overexploitation and human activities changing the value of landuse. Azraq basin represents four different vulnerability classes, ranging from Low to very high vulnerability class. The lower vulnerability class areas are distributed in theareas with high depth to water table and low recharge areas with low human activities. The higher vulnerability classes are shown in the areas with high possibility of the pollutants to reach the groundwater. The modified DRASTIC index added the value of the human activity and the structural features in the area which give a more ease to pollutant to permit the aquifer.
基金supported by Tianjin Natural Science Foundation Project (14JCYBJC22500)
文摘Due to the fast development of industrialization and urbanization, shorelineextraction is necessary for the sustainable development and environment protection inmany countries. This study focused on the accurate methods of extracting theinstantaneous waterline —shoreline obtained as the same instant as the satellite imageis acquired. Based on NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index) and MNDWI(Modified Normalized Difference Water Index), the study changed the bandcombination and proposed a second modified normalized water index (SMNDWI) toextract the waterline. And, this new index is applied to three types of coast to evaluatethe performance of this method with traditional ones. Results show that SNDWI isbetter than NDWI and suitable for applying to the waterline extraction.
