This paper presents an innovative and effective control strategy tailored for a deregulated,diversified energy system involving multiple interconnected area.Each area integrates a unique mix of power generation techno...This paper presents an innovative and effective control strategy tailored for a deregulated,diversified energy system involving multiple interconnected area.Each area integrates a unique mix of power generation technologies:Area 1 combines thermal,hydro,and distributed generation;Area 2 utilizes a blend of thermal units,distributed solar technologies(DST),and hydro power;andThird control area hosts geothermal power station alongside thermal power generation unit and hydropower units.The suggested control system employs a multi-layered approach,featuring a blended methodology utilizing the Tilted Integral Derivative controller(TID)and the Fractional-Order Integral method to enhance performance and stability.The parameters of this hybrid TID-FOI controller are finely tuned using an advanced optimization method known as the Walrus Optimization Algorithm(WaOA).Performance analysis reveals that the combined TID-FOI controller significantly outperforms the TID and PID controllers when comparing their dynamic response across various system configurations.The study also incorporates investigation of redox flow batteries within the broader scope of energy storage applications to assess their impact on system performance.In addition,the research explores the controller’s effectiveness under different power exchange scenarios in a deregulated market,accounting for restrictions on generation ramp rates and governor hysteresis effects in dynamic control.To ensure the reliability and resilience of the presented methodology,the system transitions and develops across a broad range of varying parameters and stochastic load fluctuation.To wrap up,the study offers a pioneering control approach-a hybrid TID-FOI controller optimized via the Walrus Optimization Algorithm(WaOA)-designed for enhanced stability and performance in a complex,three-region hybrid energy system functioning within a deregulated framework.展开更多
Single-atom catalysts(SACs)have attracted considerable interest in the fields of energy and environmental science due to their adjustable catalytic activity.In this study,we investigated the matching of valence electr...Single-atom catalysts(SACs)have attracted considerable interest in the fields of energy and environmental science due to their adjustable catalytic activity.In this study,we investigated the matching of valence electron numbers between single atoms and adsorbed intermediates(O,N,C,and H)in MXene-anchored SACs(M-Ti_(2)C/M-Ti_(2)CO_(2)).The density functional theory results demonstrated that the sum of the valence electron number(VM)of the interface-doped metal and the valence electron number(VA)of the adsorbed intermediates in M-Ti_(2)C followed the 10-valence electron matching law.Furthermore,based on the 10-valence electron matching law,we deduced that the sum of the valence electron number(k)and VMfor the molecular adsorption intermediate interactions in M-Ti_(2)CO_(2)adhered to the 11-valence electron matching law.Electrostatic repulsion between the interface electrons in M-Ti_(2)CO_(2)and H_(2)O weakened the adsorption of intermediates,Furthermore,we applied the 11-valence electron matching law to guide the design of catalysts for nitrogen reduction reaction,specifically for N_(2)→NNH conversion,in the MTi_(2)CO_(2)structure.The sure independence screening and sparsifying operator algorithm was used to fit a simple three-dimensional descriptor of the adsorbate(R_(2)up to 0.970)for catalyst design.Our study introduced a valence electron matching principle between doped metals(single atoms)and adsorbed intermediates(atomic and molecular)for MXene-based catalysts,providing new insights into the design of high-performance SACs.展开更多
This study examines whether power systems using 100%phase-locked loop(PLL)-synchronized voltage-source converters(VSCs)can operate independently.While grid-forming(GFM)technology lacks a unified definition,independent...This study examines whether power systems using 100%phase-locked loop(PLL)-synchronized voltage-source converters(VSCs)can operate independently.While grid-forming(GFM)technology lacks a unified definition,independent operation remains its core requirement.Current views incorrectly associate PLL synchronization solely with grid-following(GFL)control,assuming that PLL-based equipment requires support from synchronous generators or GFM devices.We challenge this by revealing three essential conditions for independent operation in fully PLL-synchronized systems:stable device synchronization,controllable node voltages,and adjustable system frequency.Through detailed analysis and tests,we prove these requirements can be met in 100%VSC systems using PLL synchronization.This discovery breaks the traditional link between operational independence and synchronization methods.Our findings offer new insights for developing renewable-dominated grids.The above three conditions have been proven to be achievable in a 100%PLL-synchronized VSC system.展开更多
In this paper a new market based analytical model is proposed for optimal placement of Wind Turbines (WTs) in power systems. In addition to wind turbines, thermal units (THUs) and Pumped Storage Hydro Power Plants (PS...In this paper a new market based analytical model is proposed for optimal placement of Wind Turbines (WTs) in power systems. In addition to wind turbines, thermal units (THUs) and Pumped Storage Hydro Power Plants (PSHPPs) owners participate in power market. Objective function is defined as participants’ social welfare achieved from power pool and ancillary markets in yearly horizon. Wind turbines have been modeled by probability-generation tree scenarios based on statistical information. We concentrate on investment profits of WTs numbers and its generation capacity beside to PSHPPs and THUs power plants in power systems due to increase in high flexible tools for Independent system operator into the planning and operation planning time interval. For effectiveness evaluation of proposed model, simulation studies are applied on 14-Bus IEEE test power system.展开更多
The Xinhai ro-ro passenger terminal in Haikou,Hainan Province,February 17,2025.The terminal serves as a key supporting facility for Hainan's“No.1 Project,”an initiative to implement full-scale independent custom...The Xinhai ro-ro passenger terminal in Haikou,Hainan Province,February 17,2025.The terminal serves as a key supporting facility for Hainan's“No.1 Project,”an initiative to implement full-scale independent customs operations across the island.展开更多
The gradual replacement of gasoline vehicles with electric vehicles(EVs)and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles(HFCVs)in recent years has provided a growing incentive for the collaborative optimization of power distribution n...The gradual replacement of gasoline vehicles with electric vehicles(EVs)and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles(HFCVs)in recent years has provided a growing incentive for the collaborative optimization of power distribution network(PDN),urban transportation network(UTN),and hydrogen distribution network(HDN).However,an appropriate collaborative optimization framework that addresses the prevalent privacy concerns has yet to be developed,and a sufficient pool of system operators that can competently operate all three networks has yet to be obtained.This study proposes a differentiated taxation-subsidy mechanism for UTNs,utilizing congestion tolls and subsidies to guide the independent traffic flow of EVs and HFCVs.An integrated optimization model for this power-hydrogen-transportation network is established by treating these vehicles and the electrolysis equipment as coupling bridges.We then develop a learning-aided decoupling approach to determine the values of the coupling variables acting among the three networks to ensure the economic feasibility of collaborative optimization.This approach effectively decouples the network,allowing it to operate and be optimized independently.The results for a numerical simulation of a coupled system composed of a IEEE 33-node power network,13-node Nguyen-Dupuis transportation network,and 20-node HDN demonstrate that the proposed learning-aided approach provides nearly equivalent dispatching results as those derived from direct solution of the physical models of the coupled system,while significantly improving the computational efficiency.展开更多
The electric sector contributes substantially to both greenhouse gas(GHG)and non-greenhouse gas(NGHG)emissions,which means that both conventional and thermal generation companies(GENCOs)must follow certain environment...The electric sector contributes substantially to both greenhouse gas(GHG)and non-greenhouse gas(NGHG)emissions,which means that both conventional and thermal generation companies(GENCOs)must follow certain environmental guidelines to address various emission requirements.This paper presents a methodology to investigate the feasibility of both GHG and NGHG emission reduction in a deregulated electricity market.The proposed model takes into consideration the effect of NGHG emission cost constraints in conjunction with classical GHG emission constraints for the scheduling aspects of GENCO.A profit based self-scheduling problem with conventional fossil fueled generators and renewable energy technologies(RETs)is formulated including emission penalties and avoidance costs of GHG and NGHG emissions,respectively.Thereafter,a set of pareto solutions is evaluated for different possible scheduling scenarios.A simple,effective optimality criteria is also postulated to identify the tradeoff solution.Finally,a sensitivity analysis of various technical,environmental,as well as economic aspects is presented to examine the effect of NGHG consideration and RET inclusion in scheduling.The simulation results are presented and discussed in detail to examine the effect of NGHG consideration in self-scheduling practices of GENCO in the electricity market,thus reflecting the benefits of the proposed approach over classical emission handling approaches.展开更多
文摘This paper presents an innovative and effective control strategy tailored for a deregulated,diversified energy system involving multiple interconnected area.Each area integrates a unique mix of power generation technologies:Area 1 combines thermal,hydro,and distributed generation;Area 2 utilizes a blend of thermal units,distributed solar technologies(DST),and hydro power;andThird control area hosts geothermal power station alongside thermal power generation unit and hydropower units.The suggested control system employs a multi-layered approach,featuring a blended methodology utilizing the Tilted Integral Derivative controller(TID)and the Fractional-Order Integral method to enhance performance and stability.The parameters of this hybrid TID-FOI controller are finely tuned using an advanced optimization method known as the Walrus Optimization Algorithm(WaOA).Performance analysis reveals that the combined TID-FOI controller significantly outperforms the TID and PID controllers when comparing their dynamic response across various system configurations.The study also incorporates investigation of redox flow batteries within the broader scope of energy storage applications to assess their impact on system performance.In addition,the research explores the controller’s effectiveness under different power exchange scenarios in a deregulated market,accounting for restrictions on generation ramp rates and governor hysteresis effects in dynamic control.To ensure the reliability and resilience of the presented methodology,the system transitions and develops across a broad range of varying parameters and stochastic load fluctuation.To wrap up,the study offers a pioneering control approach-a hybrid TID-FOI controller optimized via the Walrus Optimization Algorithm(WaOA)-designed for enhanced stability and performance in a complex,three-region hybrid energy system functioning within a deregulated framework.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61701288,51706128)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(2021JM-485)+2 种基金the Key Scientific Research Project of Shaanxi Provincial Education Department(20JS019)the High-level Achievement Cultivation Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Comprehensive Development of Qinba Biological Resources(QBXT-17-8)the Postgraduate Innovation Project of Shaanxi University of Technology(SLGYCX2410).
文摘Single-atom catalysts(SACs)have attracted considerable interest in the fields of energy and environmental science due to their adjustable catalytic activity.In this study,we investigated the matching of valence electron numbers between single atoms and adsorbed intermediates(O,N,C,and H)in MXene-anchored SACs(M-Ti_(2)C/M-Ti_(2)CO_(2)).The density functional theory results demonstrated that the sum of the valence electron number(VM)of the interface-doped metal and the valence electron number(VA)of the adsorbed intermediates in M-Ti_(2)C followed the 10-valence electron matching law.Furthermore,based on the 10-valence electron matching law,we deduced that the sum of the valence electron number(k)and VMfor the molecular adsorption intermediate interactions in M-Ti_(2)CO_(2)adhered to the 11-valence electron matching law.Electrostatic repulsion between the interface electrons in M-Ti_(2)CO_(2)and H_(2)O weakened the adsorption of intermediates,Furthermore,we applied the 11-valence electron matching law to guide the design of catalysts for nitrogen reduction reaction,specifically for N_(2)→NNH conversion,in the MTi_(2)CO_(2)structure.The sure independence screening and sparsifying operator algorithm was used to fit a simple three-dimensional descriptor of the adsorbate(R_(2)up to 0.970)for catalyst design.Our study introduced a valence electron matching principle between doped metals(single atoms)and adsorbed intermediates(atomic and molecular)for MXene-based catalysts,providing new insights into the design of high-performance SACs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China under Grant 52225704.
文摘This study examines whether power systems using 100%phase-locked loop(PLL)-synchronized voltage-source converters(VSCs)can operate independently.While grid-forming(GFM)technology lacks a unified definition,independent operation remains its core requirement.Current views incorrectly associate PLL synchronization solely with grid-following(GFL)control,assuming that PLL-based equipment requires support from synchronous generators or GFM devices.We challenge this by revealing three essential conditions for independent operation in fully PLL-synchronized systems:stable device synchronization,controllable node voltages,and adjustable system frequency.Through detailed analysis and tests,we prove these requirements can be met in 100%VSC systems using PLL synchronization.This discovery breaks the traditional link between operational independence and synchronization methods.Our findings offer new insights for developing renewable-dominated grids.The above three conditions have been proven to be achievable in a 100%PLL-synchronized VSC system.
文摘In this paper a new market based analytical model is proposed for optimal placement of Wind Turbines (WTs) in power systems. In addition to wind turbines, thermal units (THUs) and Pumped Storage Hydro Power Plants (PSHPPs) owners participate in power market. Objective function is defined as participants’ social welfare achieved from power pool and ancillary markets in yearly horizon. Wind turbines have been modeled by probability-generation tree scenarios based on statistical information. We concentrate on investment profits of WTs numbers and its generation capacity beside to PSHPPs and THUs power plants in power systems due to increase in high flexible tools for Independent system operator into the planning and operation planning time interval. For effectiveness evaluation of proposed model, simulation studies are applied on 14-Bus IEEE test power system.
文摘The Xinhai ro-ro passenger terminal in Haikou,Hainan Province,February 17,2025.The terminal serves as a key supporting facility for Hainan's“No.1 Project,”an initiative to implement full-scale independent customs operations across the island.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52377091)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.2021QNRC001).
文摘The gradual replacement of gasoline vehicles with electric vehicles(EVs)and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles(HFCVs)in recent years has provided a growing incentive for the collaborative optimization of power distribution network(PDN),urban transportation network(UTN),and hydrogen distribution network(HDN).However,an appropriate collaborative optimization framework that addresses the prevalent privacy concerns has yet to be developed,and a sufficient pool of system operators that can competently operate all three networks has yet to be obtained.This study proposes a differentiated taxation-subsidy mechanism for UTNs,utilizing congestion tolls and subsidies to guide the independent traffic flow of EVs and HFCVs.An integrated optimization model for this power-hydrogen-transportation network is established by treating these vehicles and the electrolysis equipment as coupling bridges.We then develop a learning-aided decoupling approach to determine the values of the coupling variables acting among the three networks to ensure the economic feasibility of collaborative optimization.This approach effectively decouples the network,allowing it to operate and be optimized independently.The results for a numerical simulation of a coupled system composed of a IEEE 33-node power network,13-node Nguyen-Dupuis transportation network,and 20-node HDN demonstrate that the proposed learning-aided approach provides nearly equivalent dispatching results as those derived from direct solution of the physical models of the coupled system,while significantly improving the computational efficiency.
文摘The electric sector contributes substantially to both greenhouse gas(GHG)and non-greenhouse gas(NGHG)emissions,which means that both conventional and thermal generation companies(GENCOs)must follow certain environmental guidelines to address various emission requirements.This paper presents a methodology to investigate the feasibility of both GHG and NGHG emission reduction in a deregulated electricity market.The proposed model takes into consideration the effect of NGHG emission cost constraints in conjunction with classical GHG emission constraints for the scheduling aspects of GENCO.A profit based self-scheduling problem with conventional fossil fueled generators and renewable energy technologies(RETs)is formulated including emission penalties and avoidance costs of GHG and NGHG emissions,respectively.Thereafter,a set of pareto solutions is evaluated for different possible scheduling scenarios.A simple,effective optimality criteria is also postulated to identify the tradeoff solution.Finally,a sensitivity analysis of various technical,environmental,as well as economic aspects is presented to examine the effect of NGHG consideration and RET inclusion in scheduling.The simulation results are presented and discussed in detail to examine the effect of NGHG consideration in self-scheduling practices of GENCO in the electricity market,thus reflecting the benefits of the proposed approach over classical emission handling approaches.
