Objective:To explore the associations between income levels,employment risk,lifestyles,occupational stress,and male fertility.Methods:This cross-sectional study analyzed 294 men seeking fertility treatment at fertilit...Objective:To explore the associations between income levels,employment risk,lifestyles,occupational stress,and male fertility.Methods:This cross-sectional study analyzed 294 men seeking fertility treatment at fertility clinics in Terengganu,Pahang,and Kuala Lumpur from November 2021 to June 2023.Data were collected through structured questionnaires covering income levels,lifestyles,employment risks,occupational stress,and semen quality.Multinomial logistic regression was employed to assess predictors of semen quality,with crude and adjusted odds ratios(OR)reported.Results:The lower-income group exhibited higher odds of having abnormal semen quality compared to normal semen quality.Specifically,these participants were more likely to experience azoospermia[crude OR 6.68,95%confidence interval(CI)1.84-52.63;adjusted OR 6.26,95%CI 1.76-51.38],indicating a link between low income and infertility issues.Lifestyle factors did not show significant associations with semen abnormalities after adjustment.High employment risks had significant associations with oligozoospermia after adjustment(crude OR 5.50,95%CI 2.14-14.11;adjusted OR 5.15,95%CI 1.93-13.71),while high occupational stress was linked to asthenozoospermia(crude OR 2.26,95%CI 1.09-4.68;adjusted OR 2.25,95%CI 1.07-4.69).Conclusions:The findings underscore the influence of socioeconomic and occupational factors on male fertility,showing associations between lower income levels,high-risk occupations,and semen abnormalities.In contrast,lifestyle factors did not show significant associations with semen abnormalities after adjustment.Nevertheless,the current findings should be further confirmed through more extensive studies focusing on abnormal semen and lifestyle factors.展开更多
By conducting meta-analysis on the researches of relationship between income level and happiness at home and abroad,this paper researches the relationship between income level and happiness.The results show that the r...By conducting meta-analysis on the researches of relationship between income level and happiness at home and abroad,this paper researches the relationship between income level and happiness.The results show that the relationship between income level and happiness takes on U-shape curve,and it can be explained from adaptation,social comparison and psychological expectation.Finally,in order to promote rural residents'income level and strengthen rural residents'happiness in China,corresponding policy suggestions are put forward as follows:bridge gap of urban-rural residents'income distribution;dilute the competitions for money and status among people;perfect rural social security system;endeavor to create a situation in which all rural residents do their best.展开更多
This study aims to investigate the influence of emerging technology adoption on tax compliance, encompassing both the Internal Revenue Service’s (IRS) compliance audits and taxpayers’ compliance performance (collect...This study aims to investigate the influence of emerging technology adoption on tax compliance, encompassing both the Internal Revenue Service’s (IRS) compliance audits and taxpayers’ compliance performance (collectively, tax compliance). We employed the Gradient Descent optimization algorithm, an artificial intelligence (AI) technology application, to scrutinize the connection between the quality of US tax filings and the development of emerging technology, among other contributing factors. Additionally, we utilized multiple linear regression to evaluate the relationships between dependent variables, specifically IRS audit rates and the no-change rate at different income levels,1 and several independent variables, including a proxy for emerging technology in the form of tax software. Our findings reveal that while emerging technology significantly impacts tax compliance within the IRS and taxpayers’ performance, its effects vary across income groups. Notably, emerging technology seems to confer greater advantages to higher-income individuals compared to their lower-income counterparts. These study results hold considerable policy implications for government decision-makers in promoting the adoption of emerging technology among lower-income taxpayers.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the associations of baseline income,cumulative income exposure,and income volatility with the incidence of pancreatic and biliary tract cancers in a nationwide Korean cohort.Meth...Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the associations of baseline income,cumulative income exposure,and income volatility with the incidence of pancreatic and biliary tract cancers in a nationwide Korean cohort.Methods:We analyzed 3,361,091 adults aged 30-65 years who underwent the 2012 National Health Insurance Service(NHIS)health screening.Income level was derived from insurance premium data assessed over the five years preceding baseline(2008-2012)and categorized into baseline income quartiles,cumulative exposure to low or high income,and income volatility based on annual percentage changes.Incident pancreatic and biliary tract cancers were identified using diagnostic codes and the copayment reduction registry.Associations were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for demographic,lifestyle,and clinical covariates,and cumulative incidence was compared using Kaplan-Meier curves.Results:During a median follow-up of 9.6 years,14,469 pancreatic cancers and 6,647 biliary tract cancers were newly diagnosed.Lower baseline income was associated with a higher risk of pancreatic and biliary tract cancers,whereas sustained high-income exposure was associated with reduced risk.Cumulative low-income exposure showed a positive linear trend with pancreatic cancer incidence.Income volatility was modestly associated with pancreatic cancer and was positively associated with biliary tract cancer in the fully adjusted model.These associations were generally consistent across subgroups,with a stronger inverse association between prolonged high-income exposure and pancreatic cancer among individuals without diabetes.Conclusions:Income level and income stability were significantly associated with the incidence of pancreatic and biliary tract cancers.Lower baseline income was associated with higher risk,whereas sustained high-income exposure was protective.Income volatility was associated with increased cancer risk,particularly for biliary tract cancer.These findings highlight the importance of incorporating income dynamics into cancer prevention strategies and addressing socioeconomic instability among vulnerable populations.展开更多
This paper calculates the urban, rural and general Gini coefficients （hereinafter referred to as GC） of household income in 27provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions of China between 1995 and 2010 using GC ...This paper calculates the urban, rural and general Gini coefficients （hereinafter referred to as GC） of household income in 27provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions of China between 1995 and 2010 using GC calculation formulas. After calculating the GCs, this paper analyzes their trends using density function estimation in nonparametric econometrics. The results show that the GCs of household income in provincial regions tend to rise from coastal regions to inland regions. In other words, the GCs of household income in the regions tend to rise from the east to the west and they appear to be concentrated and region-specific. A discriminate analysis of economic growth and income distribution in the provincial regions by income level and GC also shows a regional characteristic, consistent with the division of eastern, central and western China and that as one analyzes household income from the east to the west, income distribution becomes more unequal and income level becomes lower.展开更多
Global warming is recently an urgent issue worldwide. The increase of carbon emissions induced by human economic activi- ties has become a major driving force behind global climate change. Thus, as a matter of social ...Global warming is recently an urgent issue worldwide. The increase of carbon emissions induced by human economic activi- ties has become a major driving force behind global climate change. Thus, as a matter of social responsibility, reasonable carbon con- straints should be implemented to ensure environmental security and sustainable development for every country. Based on a summary of studies that examined the relationship between carbon emissions and regional development, this paper shows that human activity-led carbon emission is caused by the combination of several influencing factors, including population size, income level, and technical pro- gress. Thus, a quantitative model derived from IPAT-ImPACT-Kaya series and STIRPAT models was established. Empirical analysis using multivariate nonlinear regression demonstrated that the origins of growing global carbon emission included the increasing influ- encing elasticity of the population size and the declining negative effect of technical progress. Meanwhile, in context of classification of country groups at different income levels, according to the comparison of fluctuating patterns of the influencing elasticity, technical progress was found as the main factor influencing carbon emission levels in high-income countries, and population size might he the controlling factor in middle-income countries. However, for low-income countries, the nonlinear relationship between carbon emission and its influencing factors was not significant, whereas population growth was identified as an important potential driving force in future carbon emissions. This study can therefore provide a reference for the formulation of policies on carbon constraints, especially to de- velop more efficient carbon mitigating policies for countries at different income levels.展开更多
Under the background that economy and urbanization of China are gradually entering the stage of high-quality development,clarifying the influence of economic development on urban livability is of significant academic ...Under the background that economy and urbanization of China are gradually entering the stage of high-quality development,clarifying the influence of economic development on urban livability is of significant academic and practical value.In this paper,regarded as one“factor”,livability was introduced into the research framework of production function,and a theoretical model of the impact of economic development on urban livability was established.Based on the panel data of 40 cities in China from 2005 to 2019,the System GMM,panel threshold model and other methods were further adopted to carry out an empirical analysis.The results show that:(1)The livability level of large and medium-sized cities in China from 2005 to 2019 has been rising generally,but they present obvious characteristics of dimensional and spatial differentiation.(2)In general,economic development has an inhibiting effect on the improvement of urban livability,but this logical effect shows obvious heterogeneity in different time periods and diverse city scales.This inhibitory effect is more significant for the cities before entering the new normal phase of economy,and large-scale municipalities and economically-developed provincial capitals(namely Class-A cities).(3)There are significant threshold effects in the impact of economic development on urban livability,where the threshold variables are income level and economic development.With the increase of city dwellers’income,this effect presents an inverted N-shaped nonlinear feature.When the development of economy makes the average wage of employees between 60,000and 80,000 yuan,economic development can significantly improve urban livability.Also,there is a significant single threshold inhibitory effect when economic development is taken as a threshold variable.However,its negative impact shows a law of diminishing marginal efficiency.In addition,a similar threshold effect is found in smaller-scale Class-B cities.The findings of this research can provide some insights for urban planners and policymakers in both China and vast developing countries to understand better the relationship between economic development and urban livability.Finally,according to the research findings,we proposed the corresponding policy enlightenment from both“macro guidance”and“micro action”.展开更多
基金supported by Malaysia's Ministry of Higher Education through the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS)under the reference code FRGS/1/2020/SS0/UMT/02/3 and vote number 59637.
文摘Objective:To explore the associations between income levels,employment risk,lifestyles,occupational stress,and male fertility.Methods:This cross-sectional study analyzed 294 men seeking fertility treatment at fertility clinics in Terengganu,Pahang,and Kuala Lumpur from November 2021 to June 2023.Data were collected through structured questionnaires covering income levels,lifestyles,employment risks,occupational stress,and semen quality.Multinomial logistic regression was employed to assess predictors of semen quality,with crude and adjusted odds ratios(OR)reported.Results:The lower-income group exhibited higher odds of having abnormal semen quality compared to normal semen quality.Specifically,these participants were more likely to experience azoospermia[crude OR 6.68,95%confidence interval(CI)1.84-52.63;adjusted OR 6.26,95%CI 1.76-51.38],indicating a link between low income and infertility issues.Lifestyle factors did not show significant associations with semen abnormalities after adjustment.High employment risks had significant associations with oligozoospermia after adjustment(crude OR 5.50,95%CI 2.14-14.11;adjusted OR 5.15,95%CI 1.93-13.71),while high occupational stress was linked to asthenozoospermia(crude OR 2.26,95%CI 1.09-4.68;adjusted OR 2.25,95%CI 1.07-4.69).Conclusions:The findings underscore the influence of socioeconomic and occupational factors on male fertility,showing associations between lower income levels,high-risk occupations,and semen abnormalities.In contrast,lifestyle factors did not show significant associations with semen abnormalities after adjustment.Nevertheless,the current findings should be further confirmed through more extensive studies focusing on abnormal semen and lifestyle factors.
文摘By conducting meta-analysis on the researches of relationship between income level and happiness at home and abroad,this paper researches the relationship between income level and happiness.The results show that the relationship between income level and happiness takes on U-shape curve,and it can be explained from adaptation,social comparison and psychological expectation.Finally,in order to promote rural residents'income level and strengthen rural residents'happiness in China,corresponding policy suggestions are put forward as follows:bridge gap of urban-rural residents'income distribution;dilute the competitions for money and status among people;perfect rural social security system;endeavor to create a situation in which all rural residents do their best.
基金Wesley Leeroy (International Baccalaureate Program, Richard Montgomery HS, Maryland, USA) for his research assistance in preparing data and coding Gradient Decent algorithm。
文摘This study aims to investigate the influence of emerging technology adoption on tax compliance, encompassing both the Internal Revenue Service’s (IRS) compliance audits and taxpayers’ compliance performance (collectively, tax compliance). We employed the Gradient Descent optimization algorithm, an artificial intelligence (AI) technology application, to scrutinize the connection between the quality of US tax filings and the development of emerging technology, among other contributing factors. Additionally, we utilized multiple linear regression to evaluate the relationships between dependent variables, specifically IRS audit rates and the no-change rate at different income levels,1 and several independent variables, including a proxy for emerging technology in the form of tax software. Our findings reveal that while emerging technology significantly impacts tax compliance within the IRS and taxpayers’ performance, its effects vary across income groups. Notably, emerging technology seems to confer greater advantages to higher-income individuals compared to their lower-income counterparts. These study results hold considerable policy implications for government decision-makers in promoting the adoption of emerging technology among lower-income taxpayers.
基金supported and funded by Korea University Guro Hospital(KOREA RESEARCH-DRIVEN HOSPITAL)(No.O2208261)supported by the Korea University Guro Hospital(KOREA RESEARCH-DRIVEN HOSPITAL)+1 种基金grant funded by Korea University Medicine(No.K2313971)by Korea University。
文摘Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the associations of baseline income,cumulative income exposure,and income volatility with the incidence of pancreatic and biliary tract cancers in a nationwide Korean cohort.Methods:We analyzed 3,361,091 adults aged 30-65 years who underwent the 2012 National Health Insurance Service(NHIS)health screening.Income level was derived from insurance premium data assessed over the five years preceding baseline(2008-2012)and categorized into baseline income quartiles,cumulative exposure to low or high income,and income volatility based on annual percentage changes.Incident pancreatic and biliary tract cancers were identified using diagnostic codes and the copayment reduction registry.Associations were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for demographic,lifestyle,and clinical covariates,and cumulative incidence was compared using Kaplan-Meier curves.Results:During a median follow-up of 9.6 years,14,469 pancreatic cancers and 6,647 biliary tract cancers were newly diagnosed.Lower baseline income was associated with a higher risk of pancreatic and biliary tract cancers,whereas sustained high-income exposure was associated with reduced risk.Cumulative low-income exposure showed a positive linear trend with pancreatic cancer incidence.Income volatility was modestly associated with pancreatic cancer and was positively associated with biliary tract cancer in the fully adjusted model.These associations were generally consistent across subgroups,with a stronger inverse association between prolonged high-income exposure and pancreatic cancer among individuals without diabetes.Conclusions:Income level and income stability were significantly associated with the incidence of pancreatic and biliary tract cancers.Lower baseline income was associated with higher risk,whereas sustained high-income exposure was protective.Income volatility was associated with increased cancer risk,particularly for biliary tract cancer.These findings highlight the importance of incorporating income dynamics into cancer prevention strategies and addressing socioeconomic instability among vulnerable populations.
文摘This paper calculates the urban, rural and general Gini coefficients （hereinafter referred to as GC） of household income in 27provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions of China between 1995 and 2010 using GC calculation formulas. After calculating the GCs, this paper analyzes their trends using density function estimation in nonparametric econometrics. The results show that the GCs of household income in provincial regions tend to rise from coastal regions to inland regions. In other words, the GCs of household income in the regions tend to rise from the east to the west and they appear to be concentrated and region-specific. A discriminate analysis of economic growth and income distribution in the provincial regions by income level and GC also shows a regional characteristic, consistent with the division of eastern, central and western China and that as one analyzes household income from the east to the west, income distribution becomes more unequal and income level becomes lower.
基金Under the auspices of Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(No.2012CB955802)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41171099)Strategy of Public Participation of Low Carbon Development in China(No.201315)
文摘Global warming is recently an urgent issue worldwide. The increase of carbon emissions induced by human economic activi- ties has become a major driving force behind global climate change. Thus, as a matter of social responsibility, reasonable carbon con- straints should be implemented to ensure environmental security and sustainable development for every country. Based on a summary of studies that examined the relationship between carbon emissions and regional development, this paper shows that human activity-led carbon emission is caused by the combination of several influencing factors, including population size, income level, and technical pro- gress. Thus, a quantitative model derived from IPAT-ImPACT-Kaya series and STIRPAT models was established. Empirical analysis using multivariate nonlinear regression demonstrated that the origins of growing global carbon emission included the increasing influ- encing elasticity of the population size and the declining negative effect of technical progress. Meanwhile, in context of classification of country groups at different income levels, according to the comparison of fluctuating patterns of the influencing elasticity, technical progress was found as the main factor influencing carbon emission levels in high-income countries, and population size might he the controlling factor in middle-income countries. However, for low-income countries, the nonlinear relationship between carbon emission and its influencing factors was not significant, whereas population growth was identified as an important potential driving force in future carbon emissions. This study can therefore provide a reference for the formulation of policies on carbon constraints, especially to de- velop more efficient carbon mitigating policies for countries at different income levels.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41901205Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,No.BK20190482。
文摘Under the background that economy and urbanization of China are gradually entering the stage of high-quality development,clarifying the influence of economic development on urban livability is of significant academic and practical value.In this paper,regarded as one“factor”,livability was introduced into the research framework of production function,and a theoretical model of the impact of economic development on urban livability was established.Based on the panel data of 40 cities in China from 2005 to 2019,the System GMM,panel threshold model and other methods were further adopted to carry out an empirical analysis.The results show that:(1)The livability level of large and medium-sized cities in China from 2005 to 2019 has been rising generally,but they present obvious characteristics of dimensional and spatial differentiation.(2)In general,economic development has an inhibiting effect on the improvement of urban livability,but this logical effect shows obvious heterogeneity in different time periods and diverse city scales.This inhibitory effect is more significant for the cities before entering the new normal phase of economy,and large-scale municipalities and economically-developed provincial capitals(namely Class-A cities).(3)There are significant threshold effects in the impact of economic development on urban livability,where the threshold variables are income level and economic development.With the increase of city dwellers’income,this effect presents an inverted N-shaped nonlinear feature.When the development of economy makes the average wage of employees between 60,000and 80,000 yuan,economic development can significantly improve urban livability.Also,there is a significant single threshold inhibitory effect when economic development is taken as a threshold variable.However,its negative impact shows a law of diminishing marginal efficiency.In addition,a similar threshold effect is found in smaller-scale Class-B cities.The findings of this research can provide some insights for urban planners and policymakers in both China and vast developing countries to understand better the relationship between economic development and urban livability.Finally,according to the research findings,we proposed the corresponding policy enlightenment from both“macro guidance”and“micro action”.
