Continuously broadening the channels for farmers’income growth and effectively narrowing the urban-rural income gap is the central task in the new development stage to comprehensively promote rural revitalization and...Continuously broadening the channels for farmers’income growth and effectively narrowing the urban-rural income gap is the central task in the new development stage to comprehensively promote rural revitalization and achieve the common prosperity of farmers and rural areas.The promotion of rural e-commerce and the enhancement of farmers’digital skills provide potential for this endeavor.Taking Zhejiang province,a demonstration area for common prosperity,as the research object,this study collected 1,119 valid questionnaires through field surveys.Based on the reconstruction of a comprehensive evaluation index for farmers’digital skills using principal component analysis,this paper further investigates the relationship between the level of farmers’digital skills and their income by employing the CRITIC weighting method,mediating mechanism testing,and grouped regression analysis.The research finds that improving digital skills can significantly enhance farmers’income levels,with the income growth effect being more pronounced among older groups with lower educational levels and limited digital skills.Digital skills not only directly promote farmers’income growth but also indirectly further enhance their income level by increasing their use of rural e-commerce,and thus the use of rural e-commerce serves as a significant mediating variable in the relationship between digital skills and farmers’income growth.These conclusions remain valid after a series of robustness tests,including endogeneity tests,the replacement of weight designs for digital skills,and the exclusion of outlier samples.Finally,the paper proposes policy recommendations such as offering more digital skills and e-commerce training,encouraging the return of new rural elites to promote regional clusters of rural e-commerce,and providing targeted policy support for the development of rural e-commerce.展开更多
Agricultural insurance plays a key role in promoting the coordinated development of green agriculture and farmers’income growth,which is crucial for China’s high-quality agricultural development.Using the coupling c...Agricultural insurance plays a key role in promoting the coordinated development of green agriculture and farmers’income growth,which is crucial for China’s high-quality agricultural development.Using the coupling coordination degree model,this study empirically demonstrates that the development of agricultural insurance significantly promotes the coordinated development of green agriculture and farmers’income growth once a certain threshold is exceeded.This effect is more pronounced in the major grain-producing regions and the central provinces.Expanding the scale of agricultural production and increasing investment in agricultural technology are the key mechanisms through which agricultural insurance supports the dual goals of green agriculture and income growth in China.In conclusion,this study proposes several policy recommendations,which include increasing investment in agricultural insurance infrastructure,strengthening the policy guidance for agricultural insurance,and designing differentiated agricultural insurance policies.展开更多
Beef consumption in China has increased substantially from 5.0 million tons in 2000 to 7.7 million tons in 2019 thanks to rapid income growth,but still remains low compared to pork and poultry consumption.Improving th...Beef consumption in China has increased substantially from 5.0 million tons in 2000 to 7.7 million tons in 2019 thanks to rapid income growth,but still remains low compared to pork and poultry consumption.Improving the understanding about the impacts of household income on beef consumption in China is necessary to forecast future beef demand and inform the domestic beef industry,especially in the context of unprecedented expansion of middle income class in China.Based on survey data of 32878 urban households collected by the National Bureau of Statistics of China,we employed the inverse hyperbolic sine(IHS)double-hurdle model to estimate income elasticities of beef demand across different income groups and simulated possible trends of future beef consumption of Chinese urban residents.The empirical results showed that the unconditional income elasticities of beef consumption at home vary between 0.169 for the lowincome group and 0.671 for the high-income group.The simulated results indicated that beef consumption is expected to increase by 12.0 to 38.8%in 10 years and by 18.6 to 70.5%in 15 years under distinct income growth scenarios.Our findings provide practical insights for policy makers and other stakeholders about future beef demand,such as potential opportunities embedded in rising beef demand for domestic producers and world beef exporters as well as the urgency of improving the supply chain resilience of beef in China.展开更多
Background:This paper examines the role of monetary and fiscal factors in interest rate variations in Sri Lanka under its deregulated regime of interest rates.In addition the paper also examines the role of monetary f...Background:This paper examines the role of monetary and fiscal factors in interest rate variations in Sri Lanka under its deregulated regime of interest rates.In addition the paper also examines the role of monetary factors in the variation of interest rates,using a quarterly dataset for the post-global recession period,when the exchange rate is determined by market forces.Results:Empirical analysis uses a dataset of nominal interest rates,money growth,income growth,changes in nominal exchange rate,and budget deficit.From the methodological point of view the paper involves vector autoregression model and Wald tests of Granger causality,followed by impulse response analysis while stationarity and the order of integration of the selected variables are confirmed involving the augmented Dickey-Fuller and the Phillips-Perron unit-root tests.Results:The paper confirms that both monetary and fiscal factors have significant effects on the variations of interest rates.Money growth triggers an increase in interest rates,which supports the Fisher equation view,while income growth has a negative impact.Budget deficit causes a rise in interest rates,but the role of the exchange rate is found to be almost insignificant,probably due to including exchange rate series that cover both the pegged and market-based regimes of exchange rates.The second part of the analysis,using a quarterly dataset for the post-global recession period,further establishes the positive impact of M2 money growth and income growth on interest rates.In this case,exchange rate depreciation causes an increase in interest rates.Conclusions:The significant role of monetary and fiscal factors in interest rate variations implies it would be possible to manage interest rates through a judiciary management of monetary and fiscal policies.展开更多
This paper introduces a decomposition method that quantifies the contributions to common prosperity of labor market performance and social policies and extends the idea of shared prosperity to a new measure of inequit...This paper introduces a decomposition method that quantifies the contributions to common prosperity of labor market performance and social policies and extends the idea of shared prosperity to a new measure of inequity in opportunities.The resulting common prosperity indices and opportunity equality indices are then applied to five waves of the Chinese Household Income Project data from 1988 to 2018.This paper shows that the labor market performance and social policies have been improving over the last 30 years and have helped China move towards common prosperity for everyone.The indices developed in this paper allow us to quantify the extent of shared prosperity that a country has achieved and to carry out empirical studies on which policy is working and which is not.It can also help us identify the fundamental causes of inequality and aid us in achieving equality in opportunity among all members of society.展开更多
3.Main fiscal policies for 2025 This year,we will focus on providing support in the following areas.Expansion of domestic demand We will make a major push to boost consumption.We will use a combination of various fisc...3.Main fiscal policies for 2025 This year,we will focus on providing support in the following areas.Expansion of domestic demand We will make a major push to boost consumption.We will use a combination of various fiscal and tax policy instruments to promote the initiatives to boost consumption.We will increase support for the people’s wellbeing and promote personal income growth through a variety of avenues,thus improving people’s lives and boosting consumption.展开更多
Scale pig production is an effective approach to improve farmers＇ income. Many pig feeding villages and intensive pig farms has presented rapidly in Center China in recent years, the focus of large quantity of manure...Scale pig production is an effective approach to improve farmers＇ income. Many pig feeding villages and intensive pig farms has presented rapidly in Center China in recent years, the focus of large quantity of manure and sewage discharged by pig farms has become the leading source of pollution in vast rural areas. How to dissolve the contravention between the development of scale pig production and the serious pollution caused by swine excreta in rural area is a complex systematic problem. An approach named Systems Dynamic Digraph Analysis Approach is presented in this paper. And the approach is applied to analyze the scale pig breeding system in small hill watershed area systematically. A case of Pingxiang Taihua pig farm in the west region of Jinggang Mountain, which is a typical intensive pig farm in small hill watershed area in Center China, was studied, after the systematical analyses with its system dynamic digraph, three common management policies are presented at the end of the paper.展开更多
During 2003-2016, China experienced an unprecedented housing market imbalance. The present paper applies the user cost approach to conduct a systematic analysis of this important phenomenon, examines the policy factor...During 2003-2016, China experienced an unprecedented housing market imbalance. The present paper applies the user cost approach to conduct a systematic analysis of this important phenomenon, examines the policy factors behind the persistent housing market imbalance, and explores policy options to correct the housing market imbalance. We found that during most of 2003-2016, the user cost was significantly lower than 2 percent, caused by high income growth, rapid credit expansion and low interest rates, which led to the persistent housing market imbalance. Therefore, the government should control bank credit and introduce property taxes during the possession of houses.展开更多
文摘Continuously broadening the channels for farmers’income growth and effectively narrowing the urban-rural income gap is the central task in the new development stage to comprehensively promote rural revitalization and achieve the common prosperity of farmers and rural areas.The promotion of rural e-commerce and the enhancement of farmers’digital skills provide potential for this endeavor.Taking Zhejiang province,a demonstration area for common prosperity,as the research object,this study collected 1,119 valid questionnaires through field surveys.Based on the reconstruction of a comprehensive evaluation index for farmers’digital skills using principal component analysis,this paper further investigates the relationship between the level of farmers’digital skills and their income by employing the CRITIC weighting method,mediating mechanism testing,and grouped regression analysis.The research finds that improving digital skills can significantly enhance farmers’income levels,with the income growth effect being more pronounced among older groups with lower educational levels and limited digital skills.Digital skills not only directly promote farmers’income growth but also indirectly further enhance their income level by increasing their use of rural e-commerce,and thus the use of rural e-commerce serves as a significant mediating variable in the relationship between digital skills and farmers’income growth.These conclusions remain valid after a series of robustness tests,including endogeneity tests,the replacement of weight designs for digital skills,and the exclusion of outlier samples.Finally,the paper proposes policy recommendations such as offering more digital skills and e-commerce training,encouraging the return of new rural elites to promote regional clusters of rural e-commerce,and providing targeted policy support for the development of rural e-commerce.
基金This paper presents preliminary research findings from two projects:a major project funded by the National Social Science Fund of China,titled“Changes in the Nature of Rural Poverty in China in the New Era and Research on Post-2020 Anti-Poverty Policies”(Project No:19ZDA116)Doctoral Research Project under the Special Program for Talents in Shortage Areas Serving National Needs,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics,titled“The Impact of Policy-Based Agricultural Insurance on Farmers’Income and Welfare Levels”(Project No:BSZX2021-12).
文摘Agricultural insurance plays a key role in promoting the coordinated development of green agriculture and farmers’income growth,which is crucial for China’s high-quality agricultural development.Using the coupling coordination degree model,this study empirically demonstrates that the development of agricultural insurance significantly promotes the coordinated development of green agriculture and farmers’income growth once a certain threshold is exceeded.This effect is more pronounced in the major grain-producing regions and the central provinces.Expanding the scale of agricultural production and increasing investment in agricultural technology are the key mechanisms through which agricultural insurance supports the dual goals of green agriculture and income growth in China.In conclusion,this study proposes several policy recommendations,which include increasing investment in agricultural insurance infrastructure,strengthening the policy guidance for agricultural insurance,and designing differentiated agricultural insurance policies.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71473251)。
文摘Beef consumption in China has increased substantially from 5.0 million tons in 2000 to 7.7 million tons in 2019 thanks to rapid income growth,but still remains low compared to pork and poultry consumption.Improving the understanding about the impacts of household income on beef consumption in China is necessary to forecast future beef demand and inform the domestic beef industry,especially in the context of unprecedented expansion of middle income class in China.Based on survey data of 32878 urban households collected by the National Bureau of Statistics of China,we employed the inverse hyperbolic sine(IHS)double-hurdle model to estimate income elasticities of beef demand across different income groups and simulated possible trends of future beef consumption of Chinese urban residents.The empirical results showed that the unconditional income elasticities of beef consumption at home vary between 0.169 for the lowincome group and 0.671 for the high-income group.The simulated results indicated that beef consumption is expected to increase by 12.0 to 38.8%in 10 years and by 18.6 to 70.5%in 15 years under distinct income growth scenarios.Our findings provide practical insights for policy makers and other stakeholders about future beef demand,such as potential opportunities embedded in rising beef demand for domestic producers and world beef exporters as well as the urgency of improving the supply chain resilience of beef in China.
文摘Background:This paper examines the role of monetary and fiscal factors in interest rate variations in Sri Lanka under its deregulated regime of interest rates.In addition the paper also examines the role of monetary factors in the variation of interest rates,using a quarterly dataset for the post-global recession period,when the exchange rate is determined by market forces.Results:Empirical analysis uses a dataset of nominal interest rates,money growth,income growth,changes in nominal exchange rate,and budget deficit.From the methodological point of view the paper involves vector autoregression model and Wald tests of Granger causality,followed by impulse response analysis while stationarity and the order of integration of the selected variables are confirmed involving the augmented Dickey-Fuller and the Phillips-Perron unit-root tests.Results:The paper confirms that both monetary and fiscal factors have significant effects on the variations of interest rates.Money growth triggers an increase in interest rates,which supports the Fisher equation view,while income growth has a negative impact.Budget deficit causes a rise in interest rates,but the role of the exchange rate is found to be almost insignificant,probably due to including exchange rate series that cover both the pegged and market-based regimes of exchange rates.The second part of the analysis,using a quarterly dataset for the post-global recession period,further establishes the positive impact of M2 money growth and income growth on interest rates.In this case,exchange rate depreciation causes an increase in interest rates.Conclusions:The significant role of monetary and fiscal factors in interest rate variations implies it would be possible to manage interest rates through a judiciary management of monetary and fiscal policies.
基金supported financially by the National Social Science Foundation of China(No.18ZDA080)the Nature Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20190788)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China.
文摘This paper introduces a decomposition method that quantifies the contributions to common prosperity of labor market performance and social policies and extends the idea of shared prosperity to a new measure of inequity in opportunities.The resulting common prosperity indices and opportunity equality indices are then applied to five waves of the Chinese Household Income Project data from 1988 to 2018.This paper shows that the labor market performance and social policies have been improving over the last 30 years and have helped China move towards common prosperity for everyone.The indices developed in this paper allow us to quantify the extent of shared prosperity that a country has achieved and to carry out empirical studies on which policy is working and which is not.It can also help us identify the fundamental causes of inequality and aid us in achieving equality in opportunity among all members of society.
文摘3.Main fiscal policies for 2025 This year,we will focus on providing support in the following areas.Expansion of domestic demand We will make a major push to boost consumption.We will use a combination of various fiscal and tax policy instruments to promote the initiatives to boost consumption.We will increase support for the people’s wellbeing and promote personal income growth through a variety of avenues,thus improving people’s lives and boosting consumption.
基金The research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China（70361002）.
文摘Scale pig production is an effective approach to improve farmers＇ income. Many pig feeding villages and intensive pig farms has presented rapidly in Center China in recent years, the focus of large quantity of manure and sewage discharged by pig farms has become the leading source of pollution in vast rural areas. How to dissolve the contravention between the development of scale pig production and the serious pollution caused by swine excreta in rural area is a complex systematic problem. An approach named Systems Dynamic Digraph Analysis Approach is presented in this paper. And the approach is applied to analyze the scale pig breeding system in small hill watershed area systematically. A case of Pingxiang Taihua pig farm in the west region of Jinggang Mountain, which is a typical intensive pig farm in small hill watershed area in Center China, was studied, after the systematical analyses with its system dynamic digraph, three common management policies are presented at the end of the paper.
文摘During 2003-2016, China experienced an unprecedented housing market imbalance. The present paper applies the user cost approach to conduct a systematic analysis of this important phenomenon, examines the policy factors behind the persistent housing market imbalance, and explores policy options to correct the housing market imbalance. We found that during most of 2003-2016, the user cost was significantly lower than 2 percent, caused by high income growth, rapid credit expansion and low interest rates, which led to the persistent housing market imbalance. Therefore, the government should control bank credit and introduce property taxes during the possession of houses.
