Deep learning for time series sequence individual data instance classification can revolutionize computer assisted navigation by providing surgeons with accurate, real-time instrument locality through automatic instru...Deep learning for time series sequence individual data instance classification can revolutionize computer assisted navigation by providing surgeons with accurate, real-time instrument locality through automatic instrument localization. This paper presents an evaluation of Deep Learning models to perform individual data instance classification of time series data. The models explored include convolution and recurrent networks, as well as state-of-the-art residual and inception architectures. The time series data used to evaluate the models consists of depth and force measurements from a drill. Four recurrent neural network models using long short-term memory and gated recurrent units, known as baseline models, and four models using 1D convolution with ResNet and Inception architectures, known as advanced models, were evaluated by determining the data instance membership of the four classes. The four classes represent four distinct regions in a bone traversed by the drill bit during a surgical procedure. First, the time series data is preprocessed, identifying the four classes or regions of the bone. Next, the paper presents a discussion of the network architecture and modifications of both the basic and advanced deep learning models, followed by the training process and hyperparameters tuning. The performance of the models was evaluated using the precision and recall performance parameters. Out of the eight models evaluated, the recurrent neural network with gated recurrent units has the best performance. The paper also demonstrates the importance of the feature depth over the feature force in classifying the data instances, followed by the effects of the imbalanced dataset on the performance of the models.展开更多
文摘Deep learning for time series sequence individual data instance classification can revolutionize computer assisted navigation by providing surgeons with accurate, real-time instrument locality through automatic instrument localization. This paper presents an evaluation of Deep Learning models to perform individual data instance classification of time series data. The models explored include convolution and recurrent networks, as well as state-of-the-art residual and inception architectures. The time series data used to evaluate the models consists of depth and force measurements from a drill. Four recurrent neural network models using long short-term memory and gated recurrent units, known as baseline models, and four models using 1D convolution with ResNet and Inception architectures, known as advanced models, were evaluated by determining the data instance membership of the four classes. The four classes represent four distinct regions in a bone traversed by the drill bit during a surgical procedure. First, the time series data is preprocessed, identifying the four classes or regions of the bone. Next, the paper presents a discussion of the network architecture and modifications of both the basic and advanced deep learning models, followed by the training process and hyperparameters tuning. The performance of the models was evaluated using the precision and recall performance parameters. Out of the eight models evaluated, the recurrent neural network with gated recurrent units has the best performance. The paper also demonstrates the importance of the feature depth over the feature force in classifying the data instances, followed by the effects of the imbalanced dataset on the performance of the models.
