BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is a significant yet underappreciated risk factor for cardiovascular disease(CVD),particularly among older adults.The aim of this study was to analyze the global burden of CVD attributab...BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is a significant yet underappreciated risk factor for cardiovascular disease(CVD),particularly among older adults.The aim of this study was to analyze the global burden of CVD attributable to physical inactivity in individuals aged 70 years and older from 1990 to 2021 using the Global Burden of Disease data.METHODS We assessed trends in disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)and deaths,decomposed changes into population growth,aging,and epidemiological factors,and examined health inequalities across sociodemographic index(SDI)regions.RESULTS From 1990 to 2021,a substantial rise in DALYs was observed,especially in low and middle SDI regions,with a 120.06% increase in the low SDI region,but a 23.10% decline in the high SDI region.Decomposition analysis identified population aging and growth as primary drivers for the burden,contributing 66.39% and 83.56% to the increase in middle and low SDI regions,respectively.By contrast,epidemiological improvements alleviated burden in the high SDI region(54.91%).Gender disparities persisted,with women experiencing a higher burden.Inequality analysis indicated a shift in CVD burden towards the low SDI region,with declining concentration indices for DALYs(-0.03 to-0.13)and deaths(-0.07 to-0.15).The Bayesian age-period-cohort projections suggest continued increases in DALYs and deaths through 2050,with women disproportionately affected.CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions promoting physical activity,improving healthcare access,and implementing region-specific prevention strategies.展开更多
Active inflammation in“inactive”progressive multiple sclerosis:Traditionally,the distinction between relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and progressive multiple sclerosis(PMS)has been framed as an inflammatory v...Active inflammation in“inactive”progressive multiple sclerosis:Traditionally,the distinction between relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and progressive multiple sclerosis(PMS)has been framed as an inflammatory versus degenerative dichotomy.This was based on a broad misconception regarding essentially all neurodegenerative conditions,depicting the degenerative process as passive and immune-independent occurring as a late byproduct of active inflammation in the central nervous system(CNS),which is(solely)systemically driven.展开更多
Estivation, hibernation, and starvation are indispensable inactive states of sea cucumbers Apostichopusjaponicus in nature and in culture ponds. Generally, temperature is the principal factor that induces estivation o...Estivation, hibernation, and starvation are indispensable inactive states of sea cucumbers Apostichopusjaponicus in nature and in culture ponds. Generally, temperature is the principal factor that induces estivation or hibernation in the sea cucumber. The present study provided insight into the physiological adaptations ofA. japonicus during the three types of inactivity （hibernation, estivation, and starvation） by measuring the oxygen consumption rates （Vo2） and biochemical compositions under laboratory conditions of low （3℃）, normal （17℃） and high （24℃） temperature. The results show that the characteristics of A. japonicus in dormancy （hibernation and estivation） states were quite different from higher animals, such as fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals, but more closely resembled a semi-dormant state. It was observed that the shift in the A. japonicus physiological state from normal to dormancy was a chronic rather than acute process, indicated by the gradual depression of metabolic rate. While metabolic rates declined 44.9% for the estivation group and 71.7% for the hibernation group, relative to initial rates, during the 36 d culture period, metabolic rates were not maintained at constant levels during these states. The metabolic depression processes for sea cucumbers in hibernation and estivation appeared to be a passive and an active metabolic suppression, respectively. In contrast, the metabolic rates （128.904-11.70 μg/g h） of estivating sea cucumbers were notably higher （107.85±6.31 μg/gh） than in starving sea cucumbers at 17℃, which indicated that the dormancy mechanism here, as a physiological inhibition, was not as efficient as in higher animals. Finally, the principle metabolic substrate or energy source of sea cucumbers in hibernation was lipid, whereas in estivation they mainly consumed protein in the early times and both protein and lipid thereafter.展开更多
BACKGROUND Although blood concentration of biologics is an important composition of disease management in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)patients,complexity and uncertainty of biological management encourage many disp...BACKGROUND Although blood concentration of biologics is an important composition of disease management in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)patients,complexity and uncertainty of biological management encourage many disputes in predicting the outcome of IBD patients through blood concentration of biologics.AIM To verify the predictive value of blood concentration of biologics on endoscopic inactivity in IBD patients under different situations.METHODS We searched PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase,and Web of Science up to May 2020 and identified IBD patients as the research cohort as well as the correlations between blood concentration of biologics and endoscopic inactivity in IBD patients as the research direction.RESULTS A total of 23 articles with 30 clinical studies and 1939 IBD patients were included.The predictive cut-off value of blood concentration of infliximab on mucosal healing should be 2.7-10.6μg/mL in IBD.Blood concentration of infliximab reaching 5.0-12.7μg/mL or more increased the probability of fistula healing/closure in perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease.Blood concentration of adalimumab reaching 7.2-16.2μg/mL or more could predict mucosal healing in IBD.The predictive cut-off value of blood concentration of adalimumab on fistula healing/closure should be 5.9-9.8μg/mL in perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease.Blood concentration of vedolizumab surpassing 25.0μg/mL indicated mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis patients under maintenance therapy and the predictive cut-off value of blood concentration on mucosal healing or endoscopic remission under induction therapy in IBD could be 8.0-28.9μg/mL.CONCLUSION Blood concentration of biologics should not be utilized to predict endoscopic inactivity of IBD independently due to discrepancies in clinical studies,whereas conducting therapeutic drug monitoring intensively contributes to precise therapy.展开更多
According to the World Health Organization,"physical inactivity has been identified as the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality causing an estimated 3.2 million (annual)deaths globally.”1
In the Resea...According to the World Health Organization,"physical inactivity has been identified as the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality causing an estimated 3.2 million (annual)deaths globally.”1
In the Research Highlight of the first issue of this journal,I reviewed the evidence which supports the notion that physical inactivity can cost lives,in terms of longevity and quality of life,especially in the last few years of our lives.2 Here,I would like to review the literature that reveals the financial burden due to physical inactivity.展开更多
Meropenem, a carbapenem antibiotic, is inactive after oral administration and administered exclusively by injection. In this study, in order to address the factors involved in the oral inactivity of meropenem, in vitr...Meropenem, a carbapenem antibiotic, is inactive after oral administration and administered exclusively by injection. In this study, in order to address the factors involved in the oral inactivity of meropenem, in vitro permeation characteristics across rat ileal segments was investigated using diffusion cells. Moreover, stability of meropenem was evaluated in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP) 1st and 2nd fluid for disintegration test. Cefotaxime, ceftibuten, and faropenem were used for comparison. The permeation of meropenem across rat ileal segments was approximately 5-fold greater in secretory direction than in absorptive direction. The secretory-oriented transport of meropenem markedly diminished by replacement of D-glucose in the experimental medium with unmetabolizing 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, suggesting that the secretory transport of meropenem was an energy-dependent process. Cefotaxime exhibited extensively secretory-oriented permeation. On the other hand, much weaker directionalities were observed in ceftibuten and faropenem. While meropenem as well as other three β-lactam antibiotics was stable in JP 2nd fluid (pH 6.8), it declined rapidly in JP 1st fluid (pH 1.2). These results suggest that, in addition to the hydrophilic property of meropenem, its instability at gastric pH and secretory transport in the small intestine are possible factors involved in the inactivity of meropenem after oral administration.展开更多
Physical inactivity is very common in octogenarians.However,association between physical inactivity and mortality in octogenarians with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)remains unclear.In this study,we aimed to investigate...Physical inactivity is very common in octogenarians.However,association between physical inactivity and mortality in octogenarians with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)remains unclear.In this study,we aimed to investigate association between physical inactivity and allcause mortality in octogenarian patients with ACS.In this study,we included a total of 353 hospitalized patients,aged≥80 years,with ACS during the period of 5-year follow-up.The association between physical inactivity and all-cause mortality was analyzed by multivariable Cox aggression.Of the enrolled patients,132(37.4%)were defined as physically inactive,and 221(62.6%)as physically active.Patients with physical inactivity tended to have lower survival rate(21.2%vs.56.5%,P〈0.001)and higher mortality rate(78.8%vs.43.5%,P〈0.001),and had a worse long-term outcome than those with physical activity(chi-square=27.52,and log rank P〈0.001).The physical inactivity was still an independent predictor for long-term allcause mortality independent of confounders including age,prior heart failure,stroke,ejection fraction,beta-blocker,clopidogrel and percutaneous coronary intervention(HR:2.35,95%CI:1.26–4.37,P=0.007).Our study demonstrates that physical inactivity is independently related to increased all-cause mortality in octogenarians with ACS.展开更多
Infection and mortality rates of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)are astonishing.As of September 7,2020,more than 27 million people around the world have already been infected,with more than 890 thousand deaths.Hype...Infection and mortality rates of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)are astonishing.As of September 7,2020,more than 27 million people around the world have already been infected,with more than 890 thousand deaths.Hypertension,diabetes,and obesity are among the most reported comorbidities associated with mortality by this disease.All these comorbidities are also strongly associated with physical inactivity and sedentary behavior.On the other hand,it is known that aerobic and resistive exercises are excellent tools to prevent and manage these comorbidities.Hence,physically active people may have a better prognosis if infected by COVID-19.Also,science tried to warn about mortality and morbidity associated to physical inactivity more than 80 years ago.However,physical inactivity habits are getting more prevalent around the world.Reasons for that include social,technology,and economic development that led to large industrialization and urbanization.Along with these changes,both professional and domestic activities became less active.Consequently,health care costs related to hypokinesis are estimated to increase exponentially in various regions of the planet.Now,while facing COVID-19 pandemic,it is time to reinforce the physiological,social,and economic relevance of regular physical exercise.Therefore,urgent reappraisal of our physical inactivity habits should be done,again!展开更多
The etiology,risk factors,and management of sarcopenia and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)are comparable,which prompted the investigators to search for a particular diagnostic or progno...The etiology,risk factors,and management of sarcopenia and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)are comparable,which prompted the investigators to search for a particular diagnostic or prognostic biomarker that was involved in both disorders.Peptides or proteins known as myokines,or exerkines,are produced and secreted by contracted muscles.Myokines work similarly to hormones in their actions.One common clinical hallmark of sarcopenia and MASLD is physical inactivity,which is associated with alterations in the levels of myokines.Irisin is a positive regulator of muscle size that is elevated in the biological fluids during exercise.Significantly low levels were observed in the pathological conditions associated with physical inactivity.The serum levels of irisin are significantly higher in MASLD patients,while their levels were lower in risk factors of MASLD,e.g.,diabetes mellitus,obesity,and insulin resistance.In sarcopenia with obesity(sarcopenic obesity)or with a normal build,serum irisin levels are significantly lower than in healthy subjects.Therefore,serial determination of irisin levels that showed a transition from higher to lower levels in MASLD indicated the development of sarcopenia in those patients.展开更多
Background:Physical inactivity among adolescents has become a global public health challenge,with over 80%failing to meet the recommendations of the WHO for activity levels.Existing research predominantly examines how...Background:Physical inactivity among adolescents has become a global public health challenge,with over 80%failing to meet the recommendations of the WHO for activity levels.Existing research predominantly examines how physical activity(PA)enhances resilience,while the predictive role of resilience in PA,particularly its interaction with family factors,has received limited attention.This study aimed to examine the associations between resilience and PA among adolescents,focusing on family functioning and gender differences.Methods:In this cross-sectional study,a total of 909 Chinese adolescents(463 males and 446 females,aged 13.30.5 years)completed the±following validated self-report instruments:the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale with 10 items,the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children,and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale II-Chinese version that was used to categorize family functioning into three types(i.e.,lower,balanced,and higher).The generalized linear mixed-effect model(GLMM)was used to determine the contribution of resilience and its interaction with family functioning type on PA after adjusting for age and gender.Results:Males presented significantly higher resilience and PA levels(both p 0.001)as well as better family functioning(p 0.01)than females.Compared with the lower<<functioning group,participants from higher-functioning families showed superior resilience and PA(both p 0.001).<The GLMM analysis revealed a positive relationship between resilience and PA(p 0.001),where the lower functioning<group was significantly weaker than the higher functioning group.Conclusion:Resilience and PA in adolescents vary across gender and family functioning type,with males and adolescents from better-functioning families outperforming their peers.Resilience is a positive predictor of PA in adolescents,with family functioning type being a crucial moderator of such a relationship.展开更多
Today, most people know that physical activity(PA) is beneficial for their health ^(1,2)and aspire to engage in regular PA.^(3,4)However, despite their awareness of the importance of PA, it is evident that the transit...Today, most people know that physical activity(PA) is beneficial for their health ^(1,2)and aspire to engage in regular PA.^(3,4)However, despite their awareness of the importance of PA, it is evident that the transition from intention to action is challenging-a situation that has important public health implications. According to the World Health Organization,^(5)1 person dies every 6 s worldwide from causes related to physical inactivity, which underscores the urgency of addressing this situation.展开更多
Excessive inactivity in farm animals can be an early indication of illness.Traditional way for detecting excessive inactivity in pigs relies on manual inspection which can be laborious and especially time-consuming.Th...Excessive inactivity in farm animals can be an early indication of illness.Traditional way for detecting excessive inactivity in pigs relies on manual inspection which can be laborious and especially time-consuming.This paper proposed a computer vision system that could detect inactivity of individual pigs housed in group pens which is potential in alarming the farmer of the animals concerned.The system recorded sequential depth images for the animals in a pen and implemented a proposed image processing and logic analysis scheme named as‘DepInact’to keep track of the inactive time of group-housed individual pigs over time.To verify the robustness and accuracy of the developed system,a total of 656 pairs of corresponding depth data and color images,consecutively taken 4 s apart from each other,were attained.The verification process involved manually identifying all pigs using the color images captured.The results of identification of all pigs that were inactive for more than the preset period of time by DepInact were compared to those by manual inspection through the color images captured.An accuracy of 85.7%was achieved using the verification data,thus demonstrating that the developed system is a viable alternative to manual detection of inactivity of group-housed pigs.Nevertheless,more research is still needed to improve the accuracy of the developed system.展开更多
This study aims to explore the prevalence and determinations of physical inactivity among hospital employees in Shanghai, China. A cross-sectional study of 4612 employees aged 19 to 68years was conducted through strat...This study aims to explore the prevalence and determinations of physical inactivity among hospital employees in Shanghai, China. A cross-sectional study of 4612 employees aged 19 to 68years was conducted through stratified cluster sampling from different classes of Shanghai hospitals in 2011. The total physical activity was evaluated using the metabolic equivalent according to the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Among the participants, 38.5%, 32.3%, and 64.6% of the employees are inactive at work, commuting, and taking leisure time, respectively. Up to 41.8% of the men and 37.8% of the women （P = 0.012） are physically inactive. When the age and educational level are adjusted, male doctors and medical technicians show a higher percentage of physical inactivity than male workers in logistics （P = 0.001）. Among females, employees who are working in second- and third-class hospitals show a higher proportion of physical inactivity than those who are working in community health care centers. Logistic regression analyses show that the odds ratios （ORs） of leisure-time physical inactivity associated with the intensity of physical activity at work are 2.259, 2.897, and 4.266 for men （P 〈 0.001） and 2.456, 3.259, and 3.587 for women （P 〈 0.001）, respectively. The time during commuting activities is significantly associated with leisure-time physical inactivity in either sex （OR = 2.116 for men and 2.173 for women, P 〈 0.001）. Hospital employees, particularly doctors and medical technicians, show a higher proportion of physical inactivity than other inhabitants in Shanghai. The time and intensity of activity at work and commuting are associated with leisure-time activities.展开更多
Previous studies have utilized regression models to investigate the impact of environmental factors on physical activity.However,such approaches are inadequate for data-driven analysis seeking to identify robust assoc...Previous studies have utilized regression models to investigate the impact of environmental factors on physical activity.However,such approaches are inadequate for data-driven analysis seeking to identify robust associations from the intricate and multi-variable interactions between physical activity and environmental factors.With the emergence of the concept of the exposome,which encompasses the totality of exposures,this paper explores machine learning models for predicting the percentage of physical inactivity in U.S.counties,while considering 28 social-,economic-,and physical-environmental factors.The aim of this study is to address the research gap and gain insight into the complex associations between environmental exposures and physical activity.Five machine learning models were tested,and the performances were compared to select the best classifier for further investigation.This study used data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System(BRFSS)of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.The mean population of all counties was 102,841,and the mean percentage of population below 18 years was 22.3%.The partial dependence plot analysis indicated that only one feature–bachelor’s degree–exhibited a close-to-linear relationship with physical inactivity.Motor-vehicle crash death rate and mean temperature showed nonlinear and non-monotonic relationships with the predicted percentage of physical inactivity.展开更多
Traditional pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy processes primarily focus on the recovery of valuable metals(Co,Ni,etc.)from spent lithium-ion batteries.However,these methods are not economical for recycling cheap LiFe...Traditional pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy processes primarily focus on the recovery of valuable metals(Co,Ni,etc.)from spent lithium-ion batteries.However,these methods are not economical for recycling cheap LiFePO_(4).Herein,a synergistic thermal-decomposition and electric-drive strategy is proposed to recover the whole spent LiFePO_(4)electrode by in-situ recovering the inactive lithium(dead lithium and trapped interlayer lithium).Firstly,the organic components in the dense solid electrolyte interface(SEI)are effectively decomposed through thermal-decomposition processing,exposing the dead lithium encapsulated within the SEI and recovering the electron channels between the dead lithium and graphite.Leveraging the difference between the Gibbs free energy of the dead lithium and graphite as the driving force facilitates the dead lithium inserting into the anode.Then,fully utilizing the remaining discharge capacity of the spent LiFePO_(4)cell,the inactive lithium is reinserted into LiFePO_(4)lattice during the electric-drive process.Consequently,the reactivated lithium content increases by more than 16%,reaching a capacity of 134.2 mA h g^(-1)compared to 115.2 mA h g^(-1)from degraded LiFePO_(4),allowing for effective participation in the subsequent cycling.This work provides new perspectives on highly profitable cycles with low energy and material consumption and a low carbon footprint.展开更多
Lithium-selenium(Li-Se)batteries have attracted increasing attention as one of the next-generation battery systems due to much higher electronic conductivity and comparable volumetric capacity of Se compared to the po...Lithium-selenium(Li-Se)batteries have attracted increasing attention as one of the next-generation battery systems due to much higher electronic conductivity and comparable volumetric capacity of Se compared to the popular sulfur cathode.However,its practical application still faces great challenges,especially the rapid capacity decay triggered by the loss of active Se species.A comprehensive review to uncover the in-depth failure mechanism and provide targeted solutions to promote the stable operation of Li-Se batteries is urgently needed.This review systematically summarizes the strategies in the new perspective,focusing on the optimization of Se utilization in Li-Se batteries by keeping a high Se maintenance in the cathode and accelerating the electrochemical kinetics of lithium polyselenides(LiPSe)conversion.On the basis of stru ctural design and Li_(2)Se active material introduction to accommodate volume expansion,blocking s huttle transport of LiPSe by physical/chemical adsorption,bonding Se with polymers or cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)construction,and catalytic design to accelerate the conversion of LiPSe,different strategies for improving the utilization of Se have been evaluated and discussed.To address the inevitable loss of Se,prospects on inactive Se reactivation and Li protection are detailedly proposed and analyzed referring to the chemistry and corrosion science.Additionally,the perspectives on the future design and comprehensive parameter evaluations for the optimization of Li-Se batteries are recommended.This review comprehensively explains the causes and solutions of capacity fading and provides potential efforts for lifespan expansion of batteries,shedding light on the future development of Li-Se batteries.展开更多
Ever since the outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in late 2019,it has killed millions of people worldwide.Even people not stricken by this disease are not spared from its negative economic,social,and health...Ever since the outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in late 2019,it has killed millions of people worldwide.Even people not stricken by this disease are not spared from its negative economic,social,and healthrelated drawbacks.This commentary provides insight into the potential mechanisms involved in the development of depression and emotional negativity escalating during the current pandemic.In particular,preventive measures of COVID-19,such as staying at home,are sedentarism measures that decrease physical activity.Physical inactivity alters gut microbiome structure in a fashion that promotes gut dysbiosis and flaring of systemic inflammation,leading to the buildup of body fat.Obesity,which contributes to a trail of health-depleting disorders,furthers gut microbial disintegration while fat tissue stimulates the release of cytokines,promotes metabolic resistance,and alters signaling involved in the production of antioxidants.As a result,the body gets flooded by toxic molecules such pro-inflammatory mediators,free radicals,and advanced glycation end products.These toxic molecules alter cellular function in all body tissues,including those of the brain.Neuroinflammation is associated with progressive declines in cognitive and motor functions along with dysregulation in emotions.Counteracting the sedentarism enforced by the COVID-19 pandemic through the participation in suitable indoors activities and the intake of healthy food is likely to protect against or revert physiological impairments that may affect people retreating to their homes during the current crisis,eventually restoring physical and mental health.展开更多
Lithium metal is considered as the ultimate anode material for the next generation of high-energy density batteries.However,non-uniform lithium dendrite growth,serious electrolyte consumption,and significant volume ch...Lithium metal is considered as the ultimate anode material for the next generation of high-energy density batteries.However,non-uniform lithium dendrite growth,serious electrolyte consumption,and significant volume changes during lithium deposition/stripping processes lead to sustained accumulation of inactive lithium and poor cycling reversibility.Quantifying the formation and evolution of inactive lithium under different conditions and fully evaluating the complex failure modes are the key issues in this challenging field.This article comprehensively reviews recent research progress on the quantification of formation and evolution of inactive lithium detected by different quantitative techniques in rechargeable lithium metal batteries.The key research challenges such as failure mechanism,modification strategies and operando characterization of lithium metal anodes are systematically summarized and prospected.This review provides a new angle of view to understand failure mechanism of lithium metal anodes and inspiration and guidance for the future development of rechargeable lithium metal batteries.展开更多
Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in children. Both the humoral and cell mediated immunities are involved in the pathogenesis of JIA. It is reported that overall immu...Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in children. Both the humoral and cell mediated immunities are involved in the pathogenesis of JIA. It is reported that overall immunoglobulin levels in JIA patients are significantly higher than their control during the active state of disease. Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 18 months All the newly diagnosed oligo-articular and poly-articular JIA patients having active disease were included by purposive sampling. Data were collected by a semi-structured predesigned questionnaire. Result: Most of the study subjects (57.6%) belonged to age group > 3 - 9 years. Oligo JIA was diagnosed in 66.7% and poly JIA in 33.3% of JIA children. The difference in mean (±SD) ESR (33.52 ± 21.29 and 15.09 ± 7.71 mm in 1st hour) at active and inactive states was highly significant. Mean (±SD) difference of IgG, IgM and IgA in active and inactive states of disease were highly significant. Conclusion: Higher and abnormal levels of immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, and IgA) were present among JIA patients in active disease state which became normal during inactive disease state after treatment.展开更多
Purpose: This study presents the most recent estimates of prevalence of overweight, obesity, and screen-time viewing among Chinese school-aged children. Demographic differences in these estimates between sexes and res...Purpose: This study presents the most recent estimates of prevalence of overweight, obesity, and screen-time viewing among Chinese school-aged children. Demographic differences in these estimates between sexes and resident locales were also examined.Methods: Cross-sectional analyses of 116,615 Chinese school children 9 to 17 years of age who participated in the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study project. Outcomes were the prevalence of children's overweight(85 th ≤ body mass index(BMI) < 95 th percentile) and obesity(BMI ≥95 th percentile)(defined by the Working Group on Obesity in China) and not meeting screen-time viewing recommendations("not meeting" was defined as more than 2 h per day of viewing activities after school). Analyses were conducted on the whole sample and by school grade cohorts(primary, junior middle, and junior high schools), sex, and residence locales(urban, rural).Results: Overall, 14.4%(95% confidence interval(CI): 13.8%–15.0%) of children and adolescents were overweight, 11.9%(95%CI: 11.0%–13.0%) were obese, and 36.8%(95%CI: 34.7%–38.9%) did not meet screen-time viewing recommendations. Across the 3-grade cohorts, boys were more likely to be obese than girls, and primary and junior middle school children living in urban areas were more likely to be obese than those living in rural areas. Primary and junior middle school boys were less likely to meet screen-time recommendations than girls, and junior high school children living in urban areas were less likely to meet screen-time recommendations than school children of the same grades living in rural areas.Conclusion: In 2016, the prevalence of obesity among Chinese school children was about 12%, and about 37% of them did not meet screen-time viewing recommendations. The prevalence of obesity and sedentary behavior was generally higher among boys than among girls, and it was higher for children living in urban areas than for those living in rural areas.展开更多
基金supported by the Jiangsu Commission of Health(LR2022004&LKZ2023005)the Project of Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University for Cultivating Academic Talent(CZXM-GSPRC22)+2 种基金the Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University,Jiangsu Province High-Level Hospital Pairing Assistance Construction Funds(ZDLYG10)the Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University,Jiangsu Province High-Level Hospital Construction Funds(GSP-LCYJFH17)the Nanjing Commission of Health(YKK24257).
文摘BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is a significant yet underappreciated risk factor for cardiovascular disease(CVD),particularly among older adults.The aim of this study was to analyze the global burden of CVD attributable to physical inactivity in individuals aged 70 years and older from 1990 to 2021 using the Global Burden of Disease data.METHODS We assessed trends in disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)and deaths,decomposed changes into population growth,aging,and epidemiological factors,and examined health inequalities across sociodemographic index(SDI)regions.RESULTS From 1990 to 2021,a substantial rise in DALYs was observed,especially in low and middle SDI regions,with a 120.06% increase in the low SDI region,but a 23.10% decline in the high SDI region.Decomposition analysis identified population aging and growth as primary drivers for the burden,contributing 66.39% and 83.56% to the increase in middle and low SDI regions,respectively.By contrast,epidemiological improvements alleviated burden in the high SDI region(54.91%).Gender disparities persisted,with women experiencing a higher burden.Inequality analysis indicated a shift in CVD burden towards the low SDI region,with declining concentration indices for DALYs(-0.03 to-0.13)and deaths(-0.07 to-0.15).The Bayesian age-period-cohort projections suggest continued increases in DALYs and deaths through 2050,with women disproportionately affected.CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions promoting physical activity,improving healthcare access,and implementing region-specific prevention strategies.
文摘Active inflammation in“inactive”progressive multiple sclerosis:Traditionally,the distinction between relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and progressive multiple sclerosis(PMS)has been framed as an inflammatory versus degenerative dichotomy.This was based on a broad misconception regarding essentially all neurodegenerative conditions,depicting the degenerative process as passive and immune-independent occurring as a late byproduct of active inflammation in the central nervous system(CNS),which is(solely)systemically driven.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30400333)the National Key Program of Science and Technology of China (2006BAD09A01)
文摘Estivation, hibernation, and starvation are indispensable inactive states of sea cucumbers Apostichopusjaponicus in nature and in culture ponds. Generally, temperature is the principal factor that induces estivation or hibernation in the sea cucumber. The present study provided insight into the physiological adaptations ofA. japonicus during the three types of inactivity （hibernation, estivation, and starvation） by measuring the oxygen consumption rates （Vo2） and biochemical compositions under laboratory conditions of low （3℃）, normal （17℃） and high （24℃） temperature. The results show that the characteristics of A. japonicus in dormancy （hibernation and estivation） states were quite different from higher animals, such as fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals, but more closely resembled a semi-dormant state. It was observed that the shift in the A. japonicus physiological state from normal to dormancy was a chronic rather than acute process, indicated by the gradual depression of metabolic rate. While metabolic rates declined 44.9% for the estivation group and 71.7% for the hibernation group, relative to initial rates, during the 36 d culture period, metabolic rates were not maintained at constant levels during these states. The metabolic depression processes for sea cucumbers in hibernation and estivation appeared to be a passive and an active metabolic suppression, respectively. In contrast, the metabolic rates （128.904-11.70 μg/g h） of estivating sea cucumbers were notably higher （107.85±6.31 μg/gh） than in starving sea cucumbers at 17℃, which indicated that the dormancy mechanism here, as a physiological inhibition, was not as efficient as in higher animals. Finally, the principle metabolic substrate or energy source of sea cucumbers in hibernation was lipid, whereas in estivation they mainly consumed protein in the early times and both protein and lipid thereafter.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81473506Zhejiang TCM Science and Technology Project,No.2019ZA056,No.2016ZA092,and No.2021ZA057.
文摘BACKGROUND Although blood concentration of biologics is an important composition of disease management in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)patients,complexity and uncertainty of biological management encourage many disputes in predicting the outcome of IBD patients through blood concentration of biologics.AIM To verify the predictive value of blood concentration of biologics on endoscopic inactivity in IBD patients under different situations.METHODS We searched PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase,and Web of Science up to May 2020 and identified IBD patients as the research cohort as well as the correlations between blood concentration of biologics and endoscopic inactivity in IBD patients as the research direction.RESULTS A total of 23 articles with 30 clinical studies and 1939 IBD patients were included.The predictive cut-off value of blood concentration of infliximab on mucosal healing should be 2.7-10.6μg/mL in IBD.Blood concentration of infliximab reaching 5.0-12.7μg/mL or more increased the probability of fistula healing/closure in perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease.Blood concentration of adalimumab reaching 7.2-16.2μg/mL or more could predict mucosal healing in IBD.The predictive cut-off value of blood concentration of adalimumab on fistula healing/closure should be 5.9-9.8μg/mL in perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease.Blood concentration of vedolizumab surpassing 25.0μg/mL indicated mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis patients under maintenance therapy and the predictive cut-off value of blood concentration on mucosal healing or endoscopic remission under induction therapy in IBD could be 8.0-28.9μg/mL.CONCLUSION Blood concentration of biologics should not be utilized to predict endoscopic inactivity of IBD independently due to discrepancies in clinical studies,whereas conducting therapeutic drug monitoring intensively contributes to precise therapy.
文摘According to the World Health Organization,"physical inactivity has been identified as the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality causing an estimated 3.2 million (annual)deaths globally.”1
In the Research Highlight of the first issue of this journal,I reviewed the evidence which supports the notion that physical inactivity can cost lives,in terms of longevity and quality of life,especially in the last few years of our lives.2 Here,I would like to review the literature that reveals the financial burden due to physical inactivity.
文摘Meropenem, a carbapenem antibiotic, is inactive after oral administration and administered exclusively by injection. In this study, in order to address the factors involved in the oral inactivity of meropenem, in vitro permeation characteristics across rat ileal segments was investigated using diffusion cells. Moreover, stability of meropenem was evaluated in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP) 1st and 2nd fluid for disintegration test. Cefotaxime, ceftibuten, and faropenem were used for comparison. The permeation of meropenem across rat ileal segments was approximately 5-fold greater in secretory direction than in absorptive direction. The secretory-oriented transport of meropenem markedly diminished by replacement of D-glucose in the experimental medium with unmetabolizing 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, suggesting that the secretory transport of meropenem was an energy-dependent process. Cefotaxime exhibited extensively secretory-oriented permeation. On the other hand, much weaker directionalities were observed in ceftibuten and faropenem. While meropenem as well as other three β-lactam antibiotics was stable in JP 2nd fluid (pH 6.8), it declined rapidly in JP 1st fluid (pH 1.2). These results suggest that, in addition to the hydrophilic property of meropenem, its instability at gastric pH and secretory transport in the small intestine are possible factors involved in the inactivity of meropenem after oral administration.
文摘Physical inactivity is very common in octogenarians.However,association between physical inactivity and mortality in octogenarians with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)remains unclear.In this study,we aimed to investigate association between physical inactivity and allcause mortality in octogenarian patients with ACS.In this study,we included a total of 353 hospitalized patients,aged≥80 years,with ACS during the period of 5-year follow-up.The association between physical inactivity and all-cause mortality was analyzed by multivariable Cox aggression.Of the enrolled patients,132(37.4%)were defined as physically inactive,and 221(62.6%)as physically active.Patients with physical inactivity tended to have lower survival rate(21.2%vs.56.5%,P〈0.001)and higher mortality rate(78.8%vs.43.5%,P〈0.001),and had a worse long-term outcome than those with physical activity(chi-square=27.52,and log rank P〈0.001).The physical inactivity was still an independent predictor for long-term allcause mortality independent of confounders including age,prior heart failure,stroke,ejection fraction,beta-blocker,clopidogrel and percutaneous coronary intervention(HR:2.35,95%CI:1.26–4.37,P=0.007).Our study demonstrates that physical inactivity is independently related to increased all-cause mortality in octogenarians with ACS.
文摘Infection and mortality rates of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)are astonishing.As of September 7,2020,more than 27 million people around the world have already been infected,with more than 890 thousand deaths.Hypertension,diabetes,and obesity are among the most reported comorbidities associated with mortality by this disease.All these comorbidities are also strongly associated with physical inactivity and sedentary behavior.On the other hand,it is known that aerobic and resistive exercises are excellent tools to prevent and manage these comorbidities.Hence,physically active people may have a better prognosis if infected by COVID-19.Also,science tried to warn about mortality and morbidity associated to physical inactivity more than 80 years ago.However,physical inactivity habits are getting more prevalent around the world.Reasons for that include social,technology,and economic development that led to large industrialization and urbanization.Along with these changes,both professional and domestic activities became less active.Consequently,health care costs related to hypokinesis are estimated to increase exponentially in various regions of the planet.Now,while facing COVID-19 pandemic,it is time to reinforce the physiological,social,and economic relevance of regular physical exercise.Therefore,urgent reappraisal of our physical inactivity habits should be done,again!
文摘The etiology,risk factors,and management of sarcopenia and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)are comparable,which prompted the investigators to search for a particular diagnostic or prognostic biomarker that was involved in both disorders.Peptides or proteins known as myokines,or exerkines,are produced and secreted by contracted muscles.Myokines work similarly to hormones in their actions.One common clinical hallmark of sarcopenia and MASLD is physical inactivity,which is associated with alterations in the levels of myokines.Irisin is a positive regulator of muscle size that is elevated in the biological fluids during exercise.Significantly low levels were observed in the pathological conditions associated with physical inactivity.The serum levels of irisin are significantly higher in MASLD patients,while their levels were lower in risk factors of MASLD,e.g.,diabetes mellitus,obesity,and insulin resistance.In sarcopenia with obesity(sarcopenic obesity)or with a normal build,serum irisin levels are significantly lower than in healthy subjects.Therefore,serial determination of irisin levels that showed a transition from higher to lower levels in MASLD indicated the development of sarcopenia in those patients.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(Grant No.22BTY098)with JJY as Principal Investigator.
文摘Background:Physical inactivity among adolescents has become a global public health challenge,with over 80%failing to meet the recommendations of the WHO for activity levels.Existing research predominantly examines how physical activity(PA)enhances resilience,while the predictive role of resilience in PA,particularly its interaction with family factors,has received limited attention.This study aimed to examine the associations between resilience and PA among adolescents,focusing on family functioning and gender differences.Methods:In this cross-sectional study,a total of 909 Chinese adolescents(463 males and 446 females,aged 13.30.5 years)completed the±following validated self-report instruments:the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale with 10 items,the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children,and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale II-Chinese version that was used to categorize family functioning into three types(i.e.,lower,balanced,and higher).The generalized linear mixed-effect model(GLMM)was used to determine the contribution of resilience and its interaction with family functioning type on PA after adjusting for age and gender.Results:Males presented significantly higher resilience and PA levels(both p 0.001)as well as better family functioning(p 0.01)than females.Compared with the lower<<functioning group,participants from higher-functioning families showed superior resilience and PA(both p 0.001).<The GLMM analysis revealed a positive relationship between resilience and PA(p 0.001),where the lower functioning<group was significantly weaker than the higher functioning group.Conclusion:Resilience and PA in adolescents vary across gender and family functioning type,with males and adolescents from better-functioning families outperforming their peers.Resilience is a positive predictor of PA in adolescents,with family functioning type being a crucial moderator of such a relationship.
基金supported by The Shenzhen Educational Research Funding(zdzb2014)The Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(202307313000096)+4 种基金The Social Science Foundation from the China's Ministry of Education(23YJA880093)The Post-Doctoral Fellowship(2022M711174)The National Center for Mental Health(Z014)BC is supported by the Chaires de recherche Rennes Métropole(23C 0909)SM is supported by the National Insti-tutes of Health(R01AG72445).
文摘Today, most people know that physical activity(PA) is beneficial for their health ^(1,2)and aspire to engage in regular PA.^(3,4)However, despite their awareness of the importance of PA, it is evident that the transition from intention to action is challenging-a situation that has important public health implications. According to the World Health Organization,^(5)1 person dies every 6 s worldwide from causes related to physical inactivity, which underscores the urgency of addressing this situation.
基金The current study was finally supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0500700)and Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2018CFB099).
文摘Excessive inactivity in farm animals can be an early indication of illness.Traditional way for detecting excessive inactivity in pigs relies on manual inspection which can be laborious and especially time-consuming.This paper proposed a computer vision system that could detect inactivity of individual pigs housed in group pens which is potential in alarming the farmer of the animals concerned.The system recorded sequential depth images for the animals in a pen and implemented a proposed image processing and logic analysis scheme named as‘DepInact’to keep track of the inactive time of group-housed individual pigs over time.To verify the robustness and accuracy of the developed system,a total of 656 pairs of corresponding depth data and color images,consecutively taken 4 s apart from each other,were attained.The verification process involved manually identifying all pigs using the color images captured.The results of identification of all pigs that were inactive for more than the preset period of time by DepInact were compared to those by manual inspection through the color images captured.An accuracy of 85.7%was achieved using the verification data,thus demonstrating that the developed system is a viable alternative to manual detection of inactivity of group-housed pigs.Nevertheless,more research is still needed to improve the accuracy of the developed system.
文摘This study aims to explore the prevalence and determinations of physical inactivity among hospital employees in Shanghai, China. A cross-sectional study of 4612 employees aged 19 to 68years was conducted through stratified cluster sampling from different classes of Shanghai hospitals in 2011. The total physical activity was evaluated using the metabolic equivalent according to the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Among the participants, 38.5%, 32.3%, and 64.6% of the employees are inactive at work, commuting, and taking leisure time, respectively. Up to 41.8% of the men and 37.8% of the women （P = 0.012） are physically inactive. When the age and educational level are adjusted, male doctors and medical technicians show a higher percentage of physical inactivity than male workers in logistics （P = 0.001）. Among females, employees who are working in second- and third-class hospitals show a higher proportion of physical inactivity than those who are working in community health care centers. Logistic regression analyses show that the odds ratios （ORs） of leisure-time physical inactivity associated with the intensity of physical activity at work are 2.259, 2.897, and 4.266 for men （P 〈 0.001） and 2.456, 3.259, and 3.587 for women （P 〈 0.001）, respectively. The time during commuting activities is significantly associated with leisure-time physical inactivity in either sex （OR = 2.116 for men and 2.173 for women, P 〈 0.001）. Hospital employees, particularly doctors and medical technicians, show a higher proportion of physical inactivity than other inhabitants in Shanghai. The time and intensity of activity at work and commuting are associated with leisure-time activities.
基金supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP)the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE)of the Republic of Korea(No.2022000000150).
文摘Previous studies have utilized regression models to investigate the impact of environmental factors on physical activity.However,such approaches are inadequate for data-driven analysis seeking to identify robust associations from the intricate and multi-variable interactions between physical activity and environmental factors.With the emergence of the concept of the exposome,which encompasses the totality of exposures,this paper explores machine learning models for predicting the percentage of physical inactivity in U.S.counties,while considering 28 social-,economic-,and physical-environmental factors.The aim of this study is to address the research gap and gain insight into the complex associations between environmental exposures and physical activity.Five machine learning models were tested,and the performances were compared to select the best classifier for further investigation.This study used data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System(BRFSS)of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.The mean population of all counties was 102,841,and the mean percentage of population below 18 years was 22.3%.The partial dependence plot analysis indicated that only one feature–bachelor’s degree–exhibited a close-to-linear relationship with physical inactivity.Motor-vehicle crash death rate and mean temperature showed nonlinear and non-monotonic relationships with the predicted percentage of physical inactivity.
基金supported by the Key Technologies R&D Program of Xiamen(No.3502Z20231057)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(No.2024J011210,No.2021J011214,No.2021J01685)+5 种基金the High-Level Talent Start-Up Foundation of Xiamen Institute of Technology for financial support(No.YKJ23017R)the Industry Leading Key Projects of Fujian Province(No.2022H0057)the Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang(2020R01002)the Fujian Young and Middle-aged Teachers Teacher Education Research Project(Science and Technology)(No.JAT200461)2023 Xiamen Overseas Students Scientific Research Project(Start-up)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21975212,No.22101242,No.52002352,No.52071295)。
文摘Traditional pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy processes primarily focus on the recovery of valuable metals(Co,Ni,etc.)from spent lithium-ion batteries.However,these methods are not economical for recycling cheap LiFePO_(4).Herein,a synergistic thermal-decomposition and electric-drive strategy is proposed to recover the whole spent LiFePO_(4)electrode by in-situ recovering the inactive lithium(dead lithium and trapped interlayer lithium).Firstly,the organic components in the dense solid electrolyte interface(SEI)are effectively decomposed through thermal-decomposition processing,exposing the dead lithium encapsulated within the SEI and recovering the electron channels between the dead lithium and graphite.Leveraging the difference between the Gibbs free energy of the dead lithium and graphite as the driving force facilitates the dead lithium inserting into the anode.Then,fully utilizing the remaining discharge capacity of the spent LiFePO_(4)cell,the inactive lithium is reinserted into LiFePO_(4)lattice during the electric-drive process.Consequently,the reactivated lithium content increases by more than 16%,reaching a capacity of 134.2 mA h g^(-1)compared to 115.2 mA h g^(-1)from degraded LiFePO_(4),allowing for effective participation in the subsequent cycling.This work provides new perspectives on highly profitable cycles with low energy and material consumption and a low carbon footprint.
基金supported by the China Scholarship Council(No.201809370046)a scholarship from the Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry,Universitéde Namur+5 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFA0202602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1663225,22293020,22293022 and 52103342)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities-Plan 111(Grant No.B20002)from the Ministry of Science and Technologythe Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT_15R52)of the Chinese Ministry of EducationBelgium-China Governmental Key Cooperation Program WBI-MOST(SUB/2021/IND493971/524448)the“Plan of relance”Wallonia Government(2310153-Bat Factory)。
文摘Lithium-selenium(Li-Se)batteries have attracted increasing attention as one of the next-generation battery systems due to much higher electronic conductivity and comparable volumetric capacity of Se compared to the popular sulfur cathode.However,its practical application still faces great challenges,especially the rapid capacity decay triggered by the loss of active Se species.A comprehensive review to uncover the in-depth failure mechanism and provide targeted solutions to promote the stable operation of Li-Se batteries is urgently needed.This review systematically summarizes the strategies in the new perspective,focusing on the optimization of Se utilization in Li-Se batteries by keeping a high Se maintenance in the cathode and accelerating the electrochemical kinetics of lithium polyselenides(LiPSe)conversion.On the basis of stru ctural design and Li_(2)Se active material introduction to accommodate volume expansion,blocking s huttle transport of LiPSe by physical/chemical adsorption,bonding Se with polymers or cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)construction,and catalytic design to accelerate the conversion of LiPSe,different strategies for improving the utilization of Se have been evaluated and discussed.To address the inevitable loss of Se,prospects on inactive Se reactivation and Li protection are detailedly proposed and analyzed referring to the chemistry and corrosion science.Additionally,the perspectives on the future design and comprehensive parameter evaluations for the optimization of Li-Se batteries are recommended.This review comprehensively explains the causes and solutions of capacity fading and provides potential efforts for lifespan expansion of batteries,shedding light on the future development of Li-Se batteries.
基金This work was supported by the Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences from Japan Agency for Medical Research and development,AMED,Japan(Grant No.18dm0107100h0003).
文摘Ever since the outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in late 2019,it has killed millions of people worldwide.Even people not stricken by this disease are not spared from its negative economic,social,and healthrelated drawbacks.This commentary provides insight into the potential mechanisms involved in the development of depression and emotional negativity escalating during the current pandemic.In particular,preventive measures of COVID-19,such as staying at home,are sedentarism measures that decrease physical activity.Physical inactivity alters gut microbiome structure in a fashion that promotes gut dysbiosis and flaring of systemic inflammation,leading to the buildup of body fat.Obesity,which contributes to a trail of health-depleting disorders,furthers gut microbial disintegration while fat tissue stimulates the release of cytokines,promotes metabolic resistance,and alters signaling involved in the production of antioxidants.As a result,the body gets flooded by toxic molecules such pro-inflammatory mediators,free radicals,and advanced glycation end products.These toxic molecules alter cellular function in all body tissues,including those of the brain.Neuroinflammation is associated with progressive declines in cognitive and motor functions along with dysregulation in emotions.Counteracting the sedentarism enforced by the COVID-19 pandemic through the participation in suitable indoors activities and the intake of healthy food is likely to protect against or revert physiological impairments that may affect people retreating to their homes during the current crisis,eventually restoring physical and mental health.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China, Grant No. 2021YFB2401800
文摘Lithium metal is considered as the ultimate anode material for the next generation of high-energy density batteries.However,non-uniform lithium dendrite growth,serious electrolyte consumption,and significant volume changes during lithium deposition/stripping processes lead to sustained accumulation of inactive lithium and poor cycling reversibility.Quantifying the formation and evolution of inactive lithium under different conditions and fully evaluating the complex failure modes are the key issues in this challenging field.This article comprehensively reviews recent research progress on the quantification of formation and evolution of inactive lithium detected by different quantitative techniques in rechargeable lithium metal batteries.The key research challenges such as failure mechanism,modification strategies and operando characterization of lithium metal anodes are systematically summarized and prospected.This review provides a new angle of view to understand failure mechanism of lithium metal anodes and inspiration and guidance for the future development of rechargeable lithium metal batteries.
文摘Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in children. Both the humoral and cell mediated immunities are involved in the pathogenesis of JIA. It is reported that overall immunoglobulin levels in JIA patients are significantly higher than their control during the active state of disease. Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 18 months All the newly diagnosed oligo-articular and poly-articular JIA patients having active disease were included by purposive sampling. Data were collected by a semi-structured predesigned questionnaire. Result: Most of the study subjects (57.6%) belonged to age group > 3 - 9 years. Oligo JIA was diagnosed in 66.7% and poly JIA in 33.3% of JIA children. The difference in mean (±SD) ESR (33.52 ± 21.29 and 15.09 ± 7.71 mm in 1st hour) at active and inactive states was highly significant. Mean (±SD) difference of IgG, IgM and IgA in active and inactive states of disease were highly significant. Conclusion: Higher and abnormal levels of immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, and IgA) were present among JIA patients in active disease state which became normal during inactive disease state after treatment.
基金supported by the Key Project of the National Social Science Foundation of China (No. 16ZDA227)
文摘Purpose: This study presents the most recent estimates of prevalence of overweight, obesity, and screen-time viewing among Chinese school-aged children. Demographic differences in these estimates between sexes and resident locales were also examined.Methods: Cross-sectional analyses of 116,615 Chinese school children 9 to 17 years of age who participated in the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study project. Outcomes were the prevalence of children's overweight(85 th ≤ body mass index(BMI) < 95 th percentile) and obesity(BMI ≥95 th percentile)(defined by the Working Group on Obesity in China) and not meeting screen-time viewing recommendations("not meeting" was defined as more than 2 h per day of viewing activities after school). Analyses were conducted on the whole sample and by school grade cohorts(primary, junior middle, and junior high schools), sex, and residence locales(urban, rural).Results: Overall, 14.4%(95% confidence interval(CI): 13.8%–15.0%) of children and adolescents were overweight, 11.9%(95%CI: 11.0%–13.0%) were obese, and 36.8%(95%CI: 34.7%–38.9%) did not meet screen-time viewing recommendations. Across the 3-grade cohorts, boys were more likely to be obese than girls, and primary and junior middle school children living in urban areas were more likely to be obese than those living in rural areas. Primary and junior middle school boys were less likely to meet screen-time recommendations than girls, and junior high school children living in urban areas were less likely to meet screen-time recommendations than school children of the same grades living in rural areas.Conclusion: In 2016, the prevalence of obesity among Chinese school children was about 12%, and about 37% of them did not meet screen-time viewing recommendations. The prevalence of obesity and sedentary behavior was generally higher among boys than among girls, and it was higher for children living in urban areas than for those living in rural areas.
