This paper aims to evaluate how well the listening textbook A Listening Course meets the learners' needs in language learning. The textbooks were studied from various perspectives, namely, the content and topics, ...This paper aims to evaluate how well the listening textbook A Listening Course meets the learners' needs in language learning. The textbooks were studied from various perspectives, namely, the content and topics, design and organization, skills and strategies, tasks and exercises. The research questions of the study are based on these aspects and the statistics are analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the content and topics in the textbooks receives compliment; there are some discouraging aspects in terms of design and organization, skills and methodology. Therefore, it is suggested that more evaluation should be performed on textbooks to promote the development of Materials Development.展开更多
Introduction:In-use product and material stocks are the amount of concerned manufactured products and materials in active use,and are essential components of urban ecosystem.Methods:This study estimates the dynamic in...Introduction:In-use product and material stocks are the amount of concerned manufactured products and materials in active use,and are essential components of urban ecosystem.Methods:This study estimates the dynamic in-use stocks of steel-containing products and steel in the city of Xiamen,China,during 1980–2015 by applying a bottom-up accounting approach.We incorporate 55 categories of steel-containing products that are classified into five end-use sectors(i.e.,buildings,infrastructure,transportation equipment,machinery,and domestic appliances).Outcomes and Discussion:In-use stocks of 51%of the studied products kept increasing during 1980–2015,especially after 2000.Steel stocks have grown up to 4.9±1.4 tons per capita(t/cap)in 2015,from 0.5±0.2 t/cap in 1980.Buildings are the largest reservoirs,although its share decreased from 89%in 1980 to 68%in 2015.The dynamic spatial distribution indicates that steel stocks gradually expanded from urban core to suburban areas.Conclusion:Theresults help to explore how a city’s urbanization is sustained by the in-use stocks growth.In-use steel stocks,of which the growth is highly correlated to and probably driven by the population growth,GDP increase,and urban built-up area expansion,may serve as a supplementary indicator for urbanization.展开更多
Major causes of haze pollution in Xi＇an City were discussed firstly, and current situation of air pollution caused by vehicle exhaust in Xi＇an City was analyzed. Finally, countermeasures against haze pollution in Xi...Major causes of haze pollution in Xi＇an City were discussed firstly, and current situation of air pollution caused by vehicle exhaust in Xi＇an City was analyzed. Finally, countermeasures against haze pollution in Xi＇an City were put forward, such as strictly implementing I/M （ Inspection/ Maintenance） system of in-use vehicles in Xran City, and paying more attention to in-use vehicles with high pollution to reduce haze.展开更多
文摘This paper aims to evaluate how well the listening textbook A Listening Course meets the learners' needs in language learning. The textbooks were studied from various perspectives, namely, the content and topics, design and organization, skills and strategies, tasks and exercises. The research questions of the study are based on these aspects and the statistics are analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the content and topics in the textbooks receives compliment; there are some discouraging aspects in terms of design and organization, skills and methodology. Therefore, it is suggested that more evaluation should be performed on textbooks to promote the development of Materials Development.
基金This study was sponsored by the National Key Research and Development Program of Ministry of Science and Technology(2017YFC0505703)the Leading Project of Fujian Science and Technology Department(2016Y01010094)+2 种基金the Frontier Science Research Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(QYZDB-SSW-DQC012)the Geological Surveying Project of China Geological Survey(No.121201103000150015)Wei-Qiang Chen acknowledges the Chinese Academy of Sciences Pioneer Hundred Talents Program.
文摘Introduction:In-use product and material stocks are the amount of concerned manufactured products and materials in active use,and are essential components of urban ecosystem.Methods:This study estimates the dynamic in-use stocks of steel-containing products and steel in the city of Xiamen,China,during 1980–2015 by applying a bottom-up accounting approach.We incorporate 55 categories of steel-containing products that are classified into five end-use sectors(i.e.,buildings,infrastructure,transportation equipment,machinery,and domestic appliances).Outcomes and Discussion:In-use stocks of 51%of the studied products kept increasing during 1980–2015,especially after 2000.Steel stocks have grown up to 4.9±1.4 tons per capita(t/cap)in 2015,from 0.5±0.2 t/cap in 1980.Buildings are the largest reservoirs,although its share decreased from 89%in 1980 to 68%in 2015.The dynamic spatial distribution indicates that steel stocks gradually expanded from urban core to suburban areas.Conclusion:Theresults help to explore how a city’s urbanization is sustained by the in-use stocks growth.In-use steel stocks,of which the growth is highly correlated to and probably driven by the population growth,GDP increase,and urban built-up area expansion,may serve as a supplementary indicator for urbanization.
文摘Major causes of haze pollution in Xi＇an City were discussed firstly, and current situation of air pollution caused by vehicle exhaust in Xi＇an City was analyzed. Finally, countermeasures against haze pollution in Xi＇an City were put forward, such as strictly implementing I/M （ Inspection/ Maintenance） system of in-use vehicles in Xran City, and paying more attention to in-use vehicles with high pollution to reduce haze.
