Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),assembled periodically by coordinating inorganic metal ions and organic motifs,have arisen widespread curiosity and intensive investigation owing to their tailorable electronic propertie...Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),assembled periodically by coordinating inorganic metal ions and organic motifs,have arisen widespread curiosity and intensive investigation owing to their tailorable electronic properties and well-defined topological structure.However,the majority of MOFs are intrinsically dielectric or insulative[1]and typically form as 3D bulk or powder crystals,making them incompatible with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor(CMOS)techniques.In recent years,layer-stacked two-dimensional conjugated MOFs(2D c-MOFs),composed of planar conjugated ligands and linkages[2],have demonstrated high in-plane π conjugation and weak out-of-plane van der Waals interactions,due to their long-range electron delocalization over metal ions and ligands[3].As a result,highly tunable band gaps from semiconductor to conductor,modulable porosity from micropore to macropore and versatile processability into conductive 2D thin films with controllable lateral thickness and domain size are presented,rendering charming potential for applications in(opto-)electronics compared with classic 2D metal oxide,chalcogenide and crystalline polymer materials.To improve interfacial charge-transport and precisely tune the charge extraction and band alignment of 2D c-MOFs in(opto-)electronic devices[4],developing highly efficient synthetic methods of 2D c-MOFs is of utmost importance.展开更多
The integration of academic research methodologies into design thinking processes presents a transformative approach to addressing complex challenges in group housing,fostering inclusive,sustainable,and user-centered ...The integration of academic research methodologies into design thinking processes presents a transformative approach to addressing complex challenges in group housing,fostering inclusive,sustainable,and user-centered solutions.This research explores how methodologies such as Participatory Action Research,post-occupancy evaluations,and Research through Design can be systematically embedded within design thinking to bridge the gap between academic rigor and empathy-driven,iterative design practices.By synthesizing these paradigms,the study proposes a framework for group housing design that prioritizes co-design processes,empathy-based data collection,and participatory evaluation,while emphasizing adaptability through sociocultural insights and user feedback.Case studies analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of flexible,community-driven design,while emerging technologies like IoT-enabled cohousing signal new opportunities for innovation.Challenges,including scalability,long-term validation,and reconciling user autonomy with professional expertise,are critically analyzed.Ultimately,this research advances a hybrid methodology to redefine the conceptualization,implementation,and assessment of group housing,offering actionable pathways to achieve affordable,inclusive,and context-sensitive housing solutions.展开更多
Interest in integrating design methodologies within interdisciplinary teaching has emerged as a strong method for increasing student learning and creativity, especially in integrating art and education. This study dis...Interest in integrating design methodologies within interdisciplinary teaching has emerged as a strong method for increasing student learning and creativity, especially in integrating art and education. This study discusses the theoretical underpinnings of design-based teaching methodology and its practical applications in interdisciplinary settings. It discusses current practices and emerging trends in how design thinking principles bridge the gap between artistic expression and educational pedagogy. The results highlight the importance of a collaborative learning environment, an iterative process, and project-based approaches that allow the development of skills related to creativity besides the analytical ones. The main strategies in implementing methodologies for such purposes and their impact on student engagement in learning are discussed.展开更多
Animal protein foods are undoubtedly among the most concentrated source of essential amino acids (AA) for the human diet. However, their high prices and diseases associated to their excessive consumption have fomented...Animal protein foods are undoubtedly among the most concentrated source of essential amino acids (AA) for the human diet. However, their high prices and diseases associated to their excessive consumption have fomented the consumption of other alternative sources of animal proteins such as those from marine or aquatic species. Sonora is a well recognized producer of animal foods in Mexico, both terrestrial and aquatic. In this study, the protein quality evaluation of these animal food sources, highly produced and consumed in Sonora, is proposed, using in-vitro methodologies. Four different species, from each aquatic and terrestrial origin, were selected. Samples of lean muscle were used in all cases. Various in-vitro methodologies for protein quality evaluation were selected, alternatives to the animal bioassays: % digestibility, Total amino acid analyses (HPLC), PDCAAS, computerized PER calculations (C-PER and DC-PER) and total collagen contents. % in-vitro digestibility presented significant differences among samples from terrestrial species, but muscle from aquatic species did not showed significant differences. All sources of proteins, both aquatic and terrestrial proved to be rich sources of essential amino acids. PDCAAS was unable to establish significant differences in protein quality among sources of protein from different origin. Both methods C-PER and DC-PER were more exact in their results and were able to detect significant differences among samples of different origin. An important finding was the great difference in the total collagen content between aquatic and terrestrial sources of proteins, where terrestrial muscle proteins had almost 10-time more collagen than aquatic protein sources. However, these collagen contents did not seem to have a significant influence in the protein quality of these animal proteins. These muscle proteins, from both aquatic and terrestrial species, confirmed to have a high protein quality and some of the in-vitro methodologies used in this study represent a valuable alternative to the animal bioassays.展开更多
The work takes a new liquid-cooling plate in a power battery with pin fins inside the channel as the object.A mathematical model is established via the central composite design of the response surface to study the rel...The work takes a new liquid-cooling plate in a power battery with pin fins inside the channel as the object.A mathematical model is established via the central composite design of the response surface to study the relationships among the length,width,height,and spacing of pin fins;the maximum temperature and temperature difference of the battery module;and the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate.Model accuracy is verified via variance analysis.The new liquid-cooling plate enables the power battery to work within an optimal temperature range.Appropriately increasing the length,width,and height and reducing the spacing of pin fins could reduce the temperature of the power battery module and improve the temperature uniformity.However,the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate increases.The structural parameters of the pin fins are optimized to minimize the maximum temperature and the temperature difference of the battery module as well as the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate.The errors between the values predicted and actual by the simulation test are 0.58%,4%,and 0.48%,respectively,which further verifies the model accuracy.The results reveal the influence of the structural parameters of the pin fins inside the liquid-cooling plate on its heat dissipation performance and pressure drop characteristics.A theoretical basis is provided for the design of liquid-cooling plates in power batteries and the optimization of structural parameters.展开更多
Data collection serves as the cornerstone in the study of clinical research questions.Two types of data are commonly utilized in medicine:(1)Qualitative;and(2)Quantitative.Several methods are commonly employed to gath...Data collection serves as the cornerstone in the study of clinical research questions.Two types of data are commonly utilized in medicine:(1)Qualitative;and(2)Quantitative.Several methods are commonly employed to gather data,regardless of whether retrospective or prospective studies are used:(1)Interviews;(2)Observational methods;(3)Questionnaires;(4)Investigation parameters;(5)Medical records;and(6)Electronic chart reviews.Each source type has its own advantages and cons in terms of the accuracy and availability of the data to be extracted.We will focus on the important parts of the research methodology:(1)Data collection;and(2)Subgroup analyses.Errors in research can arise from various sources,including investigators,instruments,and subjects,making the validation and reliability of research tools crucial for ensuring the credibility of findings.Subgroup analyses can either be planned before or emerge after(post-hoc)treatment.The interpretation of subgroup effects should consider the interaction between treatment effect and various patient variables with caution.展开更多
Background:Methodological issues and challenges hinder the high-quality development of acupuncture clinical studies.Objective:To systematically summarize the methodological issues,challenges,and recommendations in acu...Background:Methodological issues and challenges hinder the high-quality development of acupuncture clinical studies.Objective:To systematically summarize the methodological issues,challenges,and recommendations in acupuncture clinical research using the participant,intervention,comparison,outcome,and study design(PICOS)framework to generate a comprehensive list of methodological questions and recommendations.Methods:We searched seven databases for articles on the methodological aspects of clinical acupuncture research from their inception to March 24,2023.Two researchers independently screened the titles,ab-stracts,and full text of each article.Data extraction and analyses were performed for the eligible studies.Finally,the methodological challenges and recommendations for acupuncture clinical studies are listed,and the frequency of methodological challenges is displayed in a sunburst chart.Results:A total of 226 studies were included in the review,most of which originated in China(173,77%),followed by the United States(25,11%)and the United Kingdom(12,5%).Clinical research on acupuncture faces methodological challenges that span the five elements of the PICOS framework.The most frequently mentioned issues were related to comparison,followed by study design and interven-tions.If further categorized,the establishment of the control group is undoubtedly the most concerning issue for researchers.Conclusion:This review provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges and recommendations for each aspect of the PICOS framework in clinical acupuncture research.展开更多
The escalating production of industrial solid waste,combined with the dwindling availability of natural resources,has intensified the focus on waste recycling.However,the heterogeneity and complexity of waste pose sig...The escalating production of industrial solid waste,combined with the dwindling availability of natural resources,has intensified the focus on waste recycling.However,the heterogeneity and complexity of waste pose significant challenges to determining process parameters.In this study,burnt coal cinder(BCC),granite powder(GP),and high-calcium fly ash(Class-C FA)were used as raw materials,and the response surface methodology(RSM)and single-factor experiments were applied to optimize the process parameters for geopolymer preparation.The optimized precursor powder composition was determined to be a mass ratio of 1.6:0.9:7.3 for BCC,GP,and Class-C FA.The NaOH-precursor powder ratio and liquid-solid ratio were adjusted to 0.084 and 0.222,respectively.The curing condition was set at 80℃ for 24 h.The resulting 28 d-aged multi-solid wastes-based geopolymer exhibited a high compressive strength of61.34 MPa.The microstructure,mineral phase,and atomic bonding of geopolymers were investigated using X-ray diffraction(XRD),thermal analysis(TA),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDS).Findings indicate that the compressive strength of geopolymer is most significantly influenced by the Class-C FA,followed by BCC.Furthermore,a minor addition of GP can optimize the structural density of the geopolymer.The Ca present in the Class-C FA participates in the geopolymerization,forming a hybrid N-(C)-A-S-H gel.RSM optimization facilitates the synergistic utilization of multi-solid wastes,ensuring an even distribution of gel and filler.This research establishes a theoretical framework for optimizing the preparation parameters of multi-solid wastes-based geopolymer and its subsequent applications;it holds significant scientific implications for the circular economy,resource transformation,and environmental conservation.展开更多
Background Early embryo development plays a pivotal role in determining pregnancy outcomes,postnatal development,and lifelong health.Therefore,the strategic selection of functional nutrients to enhance embryo developm...Background Early embryo development plays a pivotal role in determining pregnancy outcomes,postnatal development,and lifelong health.Therefore,the strategic selection of functional nutrients to enhance embryo development is of paramount importance.In this study,we established a stable porcine trophectoderm cell line expressing dual fluorescent reporter genes driven by the CDX2 and TEAD4 gene promoter segments using lentiviral transfection.Results Three amino acid metabolites—kynurenic acid,taurine,and tryptamine—met the minimum z-score criteria of 2.0 for both luciferase and Renilla luciferase activities and were initially identified as potential metabolites for embryo development,with their beneficial effects validated by qPCR.Given that the identified metabolites are closely related to methionine,arginine,and tryptophan,we selected these three amino acids,using lysine as a standard,and employed response surface methodology combined with our high-throughput screening cell model to efficiently screen and optimize amino acid combination conducive to early embryo development.The optimized candidate amino acid system included lysine(1.87 mmol/L),methionine(0.82 mmol/L),tryptophan(0.23 mmol/L),and arginine(3 mmol/L),with the ratio of 1:0.43:0.12:1.60.In vitro experiments confirmed that this amino acid system enhances the expression of key genes involved in early embryonic development and improves in vitro embryo adhesion.Transcriptomic analysis of blastocysts suggested that candidate amino acid system enhances early embryo development by regulating early embryonic cell cycle and differentiation,as well as improving nutrient absorption.Furthermore,based on response surface methodology,400 sows were used to verify this amino acid system,substituting arginine with the more cost-effective N-carbamoyl glutamate(NCG),a precursor of arginine.The optimal dietary amino acid requirement was predicted to be 0.71%lysine,0.32%methionine,0.22%tryptophan,and 0.10%NCG for sows during early gestation.The optimized amino acid system ratio of the feed,derived from the peripheral release of essential amino acids,was found to be 1:0.45:0.13,which is largely consistent with the results obtained from the cell model optimization.Subsequently,we furtherly verified that this optimal dietary amino acid system significantly increased total litter size,live litter size and litter weight in sows.Conclusions In summary,we successfully established a dual-fluorescent high-throughput screening cell model for the efficient identification of potential nutrients that would promote embryo development and implantation.This innovative approach overcomes the limitations of traditional amino acid nutrition studies in sows,providing a more effective model for enhancing reproductive outcomes.展开更多
Chinese medicine,with its rich historical roots and holistic approach,has been a fundamental aspect of healthcare in East Asia and is now gaining global recognition.Founded on centuries of empirical knowledge and phil...Chinese medicine,with its rich historical roots and holistic approach,has been a fundamental aspect of healthcare in East Asia and is now gaining global recognition.Founded on centuries of empirical knowledge and philosophical insight,Chinese medicine draws heavily from classical texts to guide its practices in herbal medicine and acupuncture.Despite its cultural and historical significance,integrating Chinese medicine into global healthcare systems presents challenges,notably the need for evidence-based practices to enhance credibility,ensure patient safety,and foster broader acceptance within the medical community.This paper explores how Chinese medicine can adopt evidence-based practices by incorporating principles of Western medicine into its research methodologies.It reviews the origins and philosophical foundations of Chinese medicine,examining its reliance on classical texts and empirical methods.The paper also highlights the differences between the personalised approach of Chinese medicine,which tailors treatments to individual needs,and the standardised protocols typical of Western medicine.Additionally,it addresses methodological challenges in Chinese medicine research,such as inconsistent diagnostic criteria and insufficient design rigour.To bridge these gaps,innovative research methodologies that respect the unique variability of Chinese medicine are needed.By adopting evidence-based practices and rigorous scientific validation,Chinese medicine can enhance its legitimacy and facilitate its integration into the global healthcare landscape.展开更多
[Objectives] To optimize the crystallization process of ceftriaxone sodium using response surface methodology (RSM) for enhancing both the crystallization rate and the quality of the final product. [Methods] Four key ...[Objectives] To optimize the crystallization process of ceftriaxone sodium using response surface methodology (RSM) for enhancing both the crystallization rate and the quality of the final product. [Methods] Four key factors, including crystallization temperature, stirring speed, solvent drop rate, and seed crystal content, were employed as independent variables, while the crystallization rate served as the response variable. The Box-Behnken response surface method was utilized for the optimization design. [Results] The optimal parameters for the crystallization process, determined through optimization, were as follows: a temperature of 10.6 ℃, a stirring rate of 150 rpm, a solvent drop rate of 1.50 mL/min, and a seed crystal content of 0.12 g. Validation tests conducted under these conditions yielded an average crystallization rate of 94.38% for the refined product. [Conclusions] The crystallization efficiency of ceftriaxone sodium is markedly enhanced, thereby offering substantial support for its industrial production and clinical application.展开更多
The asphalt pavement industry is transforming because of the growing influence of artificial intelligence and industrial digitization.As a result of this shift,there is a stronger emphasis on advanced statistical appr...The asphalt pavement industry is transforming because of the growing influence of artificial intelligence and industrial digitization.As a result of this shift,there is a stronger emphasis on advanced statistical approaches like optimization tools like response surface methodology(RSM)and machine learning(ML)techniques.The goal of this paper is to provide a scientometric and systematic review of the application of RSM and ML applications in data-driven approaches such as optimizing,modeling,and predicting asphalt pavement performance to achieve sustainable asphalt pavements in support of numerous sustainable development goals(SDGs).These include Goals 9(sustainable infrastructure),11(urban resilience),12(sustainable construction strategies),13(climate action through optimized materials),and 17(multidisciplinary interaction).A thorough search of the ScienceDirect,Web of Science,and Scopus databases from 2010 to 2023 yielded 1249 relevant records,with 125 studies closely examined.Over the last thirteen years,there has been significant research growth in RSM and ML applications,particularly in ML-based pavement optimization.The study shows that the topic has a global presence,with notable contributions from Asia,North America,Europe,and other continents.Researchers have concentrated on utilizing sophisticated ML models such as support vector machines(SVM),artificial neural networks(ANN),and Bayesian networks for prediction.Also,the integration of RSM and ML provides a faster and more efficient method for analyzing large datasets to optimize asphalt pavement performance variables.Key contributors include the United States,China,and Malaysia,with global efforts focused on sustainable materials and approaches to reduce impact on the environment.Furthermore,the review demonstrates the integrated use of RSM and ML as transformative tools for improving sustainability,which contributes significantly to SDGs 9,11,12,13,and 17.Providing valuable insights for future research and guiding decision-making for soft computing applications for asphalt pavement projects.展开更多
Objective:This cross-sectional study assessed the methodological quality of systematic reviews(SRs)of Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)published in Chinese between Jan 2021 and Sep 2022.Methods:Chinese language CHM SRs wer...Objective:This cross-sectional study assessed the methodological quality of systematic reviews(SRs)of Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)published in Chinese between Jan 2021 and Sep 2022.Methods:Chinese language CHM SRs were identified through literature searches across 3 international and 4 Chinese databases.Methodological quality was appraised using A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2.Logistic regressions were used to explore associations between bibliographical characteristics and quality.Results:Analyses of methodological quality found that among the 213 sampled SRs,69.5%were of critically low quality,30.5%were of low quality,and none achieved high or moderate quality.Common shortcomings included the failure to identify the studies excluded from the analysis,failure to disclose funding sources,and limited evaluation of the potential impact of bias on conclusions.Logistic regressions revealed that SRs led by corresponding authors affiliated with universities or academic institutions tended to be of lower quality than SRs led by authors affiliated with hospitals or clinical facilities.Conclusion:Recent Chinese language CHM SRs exhibited limited methodological quality,making them unlikely to support the development of clinical practice guidelines.Urgent initiatives are needed to enhance training for researchers,peer-reviewers and editors involved in the preparation and publication of SRs.Adoption of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guidelines in Chinese language journals is crucial to improve the relevance of SRs for Chinese medicine development.Addressing deficiencies in methodology and reporting is essential for promoting evidence-based practices and informed clinical decisions in Chinese medicine.展开更多
Addressing these water management challenges requires a comprehensive and integrated approach.Floods and other water-related challenges in urban areas can have an impact on land values.However,the lack of studies has ...Addressing these water management challenges requires a comprehensive and integrated approach.Floods and other water-related challenges in urban areas can have an impact on land values.However,the lack of studies has developed a comprehensive index methodology related to examining floods and land value relationships for urban areas.Therefore,the main purpose of this study is to develop a comprehensive index methodology related to examining floods and land value relationships for urban areas that is called a Flood-Adjusted Land Value Index(FALVI)Methodology.This paper illustrates the importance of the proposed FALVI methodology to determine the relationship between flood events and land value.Important variables within three main aspects—environmental,socio,and historical flood variables—would be elaborated and measured by GIS-based analysis.It provides a more accurate and thorough assessment of property values by taking flood risk variables into account throughout the valuation process.This methodology is also regarded as an essential methodology for examining floods and land value links in metropolitan areas.FALVI can help guide government strategies on flood management,land use planning,and catastrophe risk reduction.By identifying high-risk locations,governments can prioritize flood mitigation measures and enact restrictions that prevent development in susceptible areas.Urban areas in certain watershed systems can be kept viable for the long term by carefully reviewing this methodology and implementing suitable land management strategies.展开更多
In situ recycling is one of the most effective methods to dispose of earth pressure balance(EPB)shield waste muck with residual foaming agents with high moisture content.In this context,response surface methodology(RS...In situ recycling is one of the most effective methods to dispose of earth pressure balance(EPB)shield waste muck with residual foaming agents with high moisture content.In this context,response surface methodology(RSM)was employed to quantify the effects of independent variables,including flocculant dosage,defoamer dosage,and muck drying mass(MDM)and their interactions on defoaming-flocculation-dewatering indices.The polymeric aluminum chloride(PACL)and hydroxy silicone oil-glycerol polypropylene ether(H-G)were selected as the flocculant and defoamer.The contents of surfactants and foam stabilizers in residual foaming agents were determined using the proposed empirical equation.The defoaming ratio,antifoaming ratio,turbidity,moisture content,filtration loss ratio,and fall cone penetration depth were considered as dependent variables.The accuracy of developed RSM models was verified by the analysis results of variance,residuals,and paired t-test.Combined with the desirability approach,an optimal mixing ratio of 0.078 wt%PACL,0.016 wt%H-G,and 27.882 wt%MDM was recommended,leading to a defoaming ratio of 98.34 vol%for residual foams and a moisture content of 56.72 wt%for pressure-filtration cakes.Our findings were demonstrated to be able to provide useful guidance for prediction and optimization of the in situ recycling indicators of EPB shield waste muck in metro tunnel construction sites.展开更多
In today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape,web application security has become paramount as organizations face increasingly sophisticated cyber threats.This work presents a comprehensive methodology for implementi...In today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape,web application security has become paramount as organizations face increasingly sophisticated cyber threats.This work presents a comprehensive methodology for implementing robust security measures in modern web applications and the proof of the Methodology applied to Vue.js,Spring Boot,and MySQL architecture.The proposed approach addresses critical security challenges through a multi-layered framework that encompasses essential security dimensions including multi-factor authentication,fine-grained authorization controls,sophisticated session management,data confidentiality and integrity protection,secure logging mechanisms,comprehensive error handling,high availability strategies,advanced input validation,and security headers implementation.Significant contributions are made to the field of web application security.First,a detailed catalogue of security requirements specifically tailored to protect web applications against contemporary threats,backed by rigorous analysis and industry best practices.Second,the methodology is validated through a carefully designed proof-of-concept implementation in a controlled environment,demonstrating the practical effectiveness of the security measures.The validation process employs cutting-edge static and dynamic analysis tools for comprehensive dependency validation and vulnerability detection,ensuring robust security coverage.The validation results confirm the prevention and avoidance of security vulnerabilities of the methodology.A key innovation of this work is the seamless integration of DevSecOps practices throughout the secure Software Development Life Cycle(SSDLC),creating a security-first mindset from initial design to deployment.By combining proactive secure coding practices with defensive security approaches,a framework is established that not only strengthens application security but also fosters a culture of security awareness within development teams.This hybrid approach ensures that security considerations are woven into every aspect of the development process,rather than being treated as an afterthought.展开更多
The objective of this study was to determine the optimal proportions of plant growth regulators for growth and non-tube rapid propagation of Cymbidium tortisepalum var. longibracteatum;seedlings were utilized as the m...The objective of this study was to determine the optimal proportions of plant growth regulators for growth and non-tube rapid propagation of Cymbidium tortisepalum var. longibracteatum;seedlings were utilized as the material. The effects of various combinations and concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), gibberellic acid (GA_(3)), and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on growth and non-tube rapid propagation were assessed through a single-factor testing and response surface methodology. The results indicated that 6-BA at 60 mg/L, GA_(3) at 150 mg/L, and NAA at 30 mg/L were the most effective concentrations for promoting leaf buds formation in the single-factor analysis. Response surface methodology clarified the sensitivity of the proliferation rate of lateral buds to the three factors, with 6-BA being the most influential, followed by GA_(3) and NAA. The increase in leaf area was most significantly influenced by NAA, then GA_(3), and least by 6-BA, while the increase in plant height was most responsive to GA_(3), followed by 6-BA, and then NAA. The ideal concentrations of plant growth regulators were established as 6-BA at 43 mg/L, GA_(3) at 169 mg/L, and NAA at 36 mg/L. Under these conditions, the lateral bud number per plant was 2.78, with a leaf area increment of 2.87 cm2 and a plant height increment of 2.67 cm.展开更多
Practical applications of desulfurization gypsum are limited owing to its brittleness and low strength.To overcome these challenges,researchers have developed engineered desulfurization gypsum composites(EDGCs)by inco...Practical applications of desulfurization gypsum are limited owing to its brittleness and low strength.To overcome these challenges,researchers have developed engineered desulfurization gypsum composites(EDGCs)by incorporating ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)fiber and sulfoaluminate cement(SAC).The mix ratio was optimized using response surface methodology(RSM).Experimental testing of EDGC under compressive and tensile loads led to the creation of a regression model that investigates the influence of variables and their interactions on the material’s compressive and tensile strengths.Additionally,microscopic morphology and hydration product composition were analyzed to explore the influence mechanism.The results indicated that EDGC’s compressive strength increased by up to 38.4%owing to a decreased water-binder ratio and higher SAC content.Similarly,tensile strength increased by up to 38.6%owing to increased SAC and fiber content.Moreover,EDGC demonstrated excellent strain-hardening behavior and multiple cracking characteristics,achieving a maximum tensile strain of nearly 3%.The research findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the performance of desulfurization gypsum.展开更多
This paper tries to summarize some main schools 0f teaching methodologies abroad and some main learning theories abroad. From this paper, we can know the main learning theories, the basic theories of them and the lead...This paper tries to summarize some main schools 0f teaching methodologies abroad and some main learning theories abroad. From this paper, we can know the main learning theories, the basic theories of them and the leading figures. It can help us understand the characteristics of each school of the teaching methodologies and learning theories.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22201086,22471084,92261204,21925104,and 22431005).
文摘Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),assembled periodically by coordinating inorganic metal ions and organic motifs,have arisen widespread curiosity and intensive investigation owing to their tailorable electronic properties and well-defined topological structure.However,the majority of MOFs are intrinsically dielectric or insulative[1]and typically form as 3D bulk or powder crystals,making them incompatible with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor(CMOS)techniques.In recent years,layer-stacked two-dimensional conjugated MOFs(2D c-MOFs),composed of planar conjugated ligands and linkages[2],have demonstrated high in-plane π conjugation and weak out-of-plane van der Waals interactions,due to their long-range electron delocalization over metal ions and ligands[3].As a result,highly tunable band gaps from semiconductor to conductor,modulable porosity from micropore to macropore and versatile processability into conductive 2D thin films with controllable lateral thickness and domain size are presented,rendering charming potential for applications in(opto-)electronics compared with classic 2D metal oxide,chalcogenide and crystalline polymer materials.To improve interfacial charge-transport and precisely tune the charge extraction and band alignment of 2D c-MOFs in(opto-)electronic devices[4],developing highly efficient synthetic methods of 2D c-MOFs is of utmost importance.
文摘The integration of academic research methodologies into design thinking processes presents a transformative approach to addressing complex challenges in group housing,fostering inclusive,sustainable,and user-centered solutions.This research explores how methodologies such as Participatory Action Research,post-occupancy evaluations,and Research through Design can be systematically embedded within design thinking to bridge the gap between academic rigor and empathy-driven,iterative design practices.By synthesizing these paradigms,the study proposes a framework for group housing design that prioritizes co-design processes,empathy-based data collection,and participatory evaluation,while emphasizing adaptability through sociocultural insights and user feedback.Case studies analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of flexible,community-driven design,while emerging technologies like IoT-enabled cohousing signal new opportunities for innovation.Challenges,including scalability,long-term validation,and reconciling user autonomy with professional expertise,are critically analyzed.Ultimately,this research advances a hybrid methodology to redefine the conceptualization,implementation,and assessment of group housing,offering actionable pathways to achieve affordable,inclusive,and context-sensitive housing solutions.
基金The 2024 Nanjing Normal University of Special Education Higher Inclusive Education Special Project Interim Report,“Research on the Digital Practice of Higher Inclusive Education Curriculum in the Era of Digital Intelligence:A Case Study of the‘Layout Design’Course”(Project Number:2024XJJG27).
文摘Interest in integrating design methodologies within interdisciplinary teaching has emerged as a strong method for increasing student learning and creativity, especially in integrating art and education. This study discusses the theoretical underpinnings of design-based teaching methodology and its practical applications in interdisciplinary settings. It discusses current practices and emerging trends in how design thinking principles bridge the gap between artistic expression and educational pedagogy. The results highlight the importance of a collaborative learning environment, an iterative process, and project-based approaches that allow the development of skills related to creativity besides the analytical ones. The main strategies in implementing methodologies for such purposes and their impact on student engagement in learning are discussed.
文摘Animal protein foods are undoubtedly among the most concentrated source of essential amino acids (AA) for the human diet. However, their high prices and diseases associated to their excessive consumption have fomented the consumption of other alternative sources of animal proteins such as those from marine or aquatic species. Sonora is a well recognized producer of animal foods in Mexico, both terrestrial and aquatic. In this study, the protein quality evaluation of these animal food sources, highly produced and consumed in Sonora, is proposed, using in-vitro methodologies. Four different species, from each aquatic and terrestrial origin, were selected. Samples of lean muscle were used in all cases. Various in-vitro methodologies for protein quality evaluation were selected, alternatives to the animal bioassays: % digestibility, Total amino acid analyses (HPLC), PDCAAS, computerized PER calculations (C-PER and DC-PER) and total collagen contents. % in-vitro digestibility presented significant differences among samples from terrestrial species, but muscle from aquatic species did not showed significant differences. All sources of proteins, both aquatic and terrestrial proved to be rich sources of essential amino acids. PDCAAS was unable to establish significant differences in protein quality among sources of protein from different origin. Both methods C-PER and DC-PER were more exact in their results and were able to detect significant differences among samples of different origin. An important finding was the great difference in the total collagen content between aquatic and terrestrial sources of proteins, where terrestrial muscle proteins had almost 10-time more collagen than aquatic protein sources. However, these collagen contents did not seem to have a significant influence in the protein quality of these animal proteins. These muscle proteins, from both aquatic and terrestrial species, confirmed to have a high protein quality and some of the in-vitro methodologies used in this study represent a valuable alternative to the animal bioassays.
基金supported by the Education and Teaching Research Project of Universities in Fujian Province(FBJY20230167).
文摘The work takes a new liquid-cooling plate in a power battery with pin fins inside the channel as the object.A mathematical model is established via the central composite design of the response surface to study the relationships among the length,width,height,and spacing of pin fins;the maximum temperature and temperature difference of the battery module;and the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate.Model accuracy is verified via variance analysis.The new liquid-cooling plate enables the power battery to work within an optimal temperature range.Appropriately increasing the length,width,and height and reducing the spacing of pin fins could reduce the temperature of the power battery module and improve the temperature uniformity.However,the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate increases.The structural parameters of the pin fins are optimized to minimize the maximum temperature and the temperature difference of the battery module as well as the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate.The errors between the values predicted and actual by the simulation test are 0.58%,4%,and 0.48%,respectively,which further verifies the model accuracy.The results reveal the influence of the structural parameters of the pin fins inside the liquid-cooling plate on its heat dissipation performance and pressure drop characteristics.A theoretical basis is provided for the design of liquid-cooling plates in power batteries and the optimization of structural parameters.
文摘Data collection serves as the cornerstone in the study of clinical research questions.Two types of data are commonly utilized in medicine:(1)Qualitative;and(2)Quantitative.Several methods are commonly employed to gather data,regardless of whether retrospective or prospective studies are used:(1)Interviews;(2)Observational methods;(3)Questionnaires;(4)Investigation parameters;(5)Medical records;and(6)Electronic chart reviews.Each source type has its own advantages and cons in terms of the accuracy and availability of the data to be extracted.We will focus on the important parts of the research methodology:(1)Data collection;and(2)Subgroup analyses.Errors in research can arise from various sources,including investigators,instruments,and subjects,making the validation and reliability of research tools crucial for ensuring the credibility of findings.Subgroup analyses can either be planned before or emerge after(post-hoc)treatment.The interpretation of subgroup effects should consider the interaction between treatment effect and various patient variables with caution.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China:81973968,82274660China Center for Evidence Based Traditional Chinese Medicine:2020YJSZX-1.
文摘Background:Methodological issues and challenges hinder the high-quality development of acupuncture clinical studies.Objective:To systematically summarize the methodological issues,challenges,and recommendations in acupuncture clinical research using the participant,intervention,comparison,outcome,and study design(PICOS)framework to generate a comprehensive list of methodological questions and recommendations.Methods:We searched seven databases for articles on the methodological aspects of clinical acupuncture research from their inception to March 24,2023.Two researchers independently screened the titles,ab-stracts,and full text of each article.Data extraction and analyses were performed for the eligible studies.Finally,the methodological challenges and recommendations for acupuncture clinical studies are listed,and the frequency of methodological challenges is displayed in a sunburst chart.Results:A total of 226 studies were included in the review,most of which originated in China(173,77%),followed by the United States(25,11%)and the United Kingdom(12,5%).Clinical research on acupuncture faces methodological challenges that span the five elements of the PICOS framework.The most frequently mentioned issues were related to comparison,followed by study design and interven-tions.If further categorized,the establishment of the control group is undoubtedly the most concerning issue for researchers.Conclusion:This review provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges and recommendations for each aspect of the PICOS framework in clinical acupuncture research.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.104972025RSCrc0005)the Science and Technology Project of Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum(Group)Co.,LTD,China(No.yc-whlg-2023ky-03)。
文摘The escalating production of industrial solid waste,combined with the dwindling availability of natural resources,has intensified the focus on waste recycling.However,the heterogeneity and complexity of waste pose significant challenges to determining process parameters.In this study,burnt coal cinder(BCC),granite powder(GP),and high-calcium fly ash(Class-C FA)were used as raw materials,and the response surface methodology(RSM)and single-factor experiments were applied to optimize the process parameters for geopolymer preparation.The optimized precursor powder composition was determined to be a mass ratio of 1.6:0.9:7.3 for BCC,GP,and Class-C FA.The NaOH-precursor powder ratio and liquid-solid ratio were adjusted to 0.084 and 0.222,respectively.The curing condition was set at 80℃ for 24 h.The resulting 28 d-aged multi-solid wastes-based geopolymer exhibited a high compressive strength of61.34 MPa.The microstructure,mineral phase,and atomic bonding of geopolymers were investigated using X-ray diffraction(XRD),thermal analysis(TA),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDS).Findings indicate that the compressive strength of geopolymer is most significantly influenced by the Class-C FA,followed by BCC.Furthermore,a minor addition of GP can optimize the structural density of the geopolymer.The Ca present in the Class-C FA participates in the geopolymerization,forming a hybrid N-(C)-A-S-H gel.RSM optimization facilitates the synergistic utilization of multi-solid wastes,ensuring an even distribution of gel and filler.This research establishes a theoretical framework for optimizing the preparation parameters of multi-solid wastes-based geopolymer and its subsequent applications;it holds significant scientific implications for the circular economy,resource transformation,and environmental conservation.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172747 and 32425052)
文摘Background Early embryo development plays a pivotal role in determining pregnancy outcomes,postnatal development,and lifelong health.Therefore,the strategic selection of functional nutrients to enhance embryo development is of paramount importance.In this study,we established a stable porcine trophectoderm cell line expressing dual fluorescent reporter genes driven by the CDX2 and TEAD4 gene promoter segments using lentiviral transfection.Results Three amino acid metabolites—kynurenic acid,taurine,and tryptamine—met the minimum z-score criteria of 2.0 for both luciferase and Renilla luciferase activities and were initially identified as potential metabolites for embryo development,with their beneficial effects validated by qPCR.Given that the identified metabolites are closely related to methionine,arginine,and tryptophan,we selected these three amino acids,using lysine as a standard,and employed response surface methodology combined with our high-throughput screening cell model to efficiently screen and optimize amino acid combination conducive to early embryo development.The optimized candidate amino acid system included lysine(1.87 mmol/L),methionine(0.82 mmol/L),tryptophan(0.23 mmol/L),and arginine(3 mmol/L),with the ratio of 1:0.43:0.12:1.60.In vitro experiments confirmed that this amino acid system enhances the expression of key genes involved in early embryonic development and improves in vitro embryo adhesion.Transcriptomic analysis of blastocysts suggested that candidate amino acid system enhances early embryo development by regulating early embryonic cell cycle and differentiation,as well as improving nutrient absorption.Furthermore,based on response surface methodology,400 sows were used to verify this amino acid system,substituting arginine with the more cost-effective N-carbamoyl glutamate(NCG),a precursor of arginine.The optimal dietary amino acid requirement was predicted to be 0.71%lysine,0.32%methionine,0.22%tryptophan,and 0.10%NCG for sows during early gestation.The optimized amino acid system ratio of the feed,derived from the peripheral release of essential amino acids,was found to be 1:0.45:0.13,which is largely consistent with the results obtained from the cell model optimization.Subsequently,we furtherly verified that this optimal dietary amino acid system significantly increased total litter size,live litter size and litter weight in sows.Conclusions In summary,we successfully established a dual-fluorescent high-throughput screening cell model for the efficient identification of potential nutrients that would promote embryo development and implantation.This innovative approach overcomes the limitations of traditional amino acid nutrition studies in sows,providing a more effective model for enhancing reproductive outcomes.
文摘Chinese medicine,with its rich historical roots and holistic approach,has been a fundamental aspect of healthcare in East Asia and is now gaining global recognition.Founded on centuries of empirical knowledge and philosophical insight,Chinese medicine draws heavily from classical texts to guide its practices in herbal medicine and acupuncture.Despite its cultural and historical significance,integrating Chinese medicine into global healthcare systems presents challenges,notably the need for evidence-based practices to enhance credibility,ensure patient safety,and foster broader acceptance within the medical community.This paper explores how Chinese medicine can adopt evidence-based practices by incorporating principles of Western medicine into its research methodologies.It reviews the origins and philosophical foundations of Chinese medicine,examining its reliance on classical texts and empirical methods.The paper also highlights the differences between the personalised approach of Chinese medicine,which tailors treatments to individual needs,and the standardised protocols typical of Western medicine.Additionally,it addresses methodological challenges in Chinese medicine research,such as inconsistent diagnostic criteria and insufficient design rigour.To bridge these gaps,innovative research methodologies that respect the unique variability of Chinese medicine are needed.By adopting evidence-based practices and rigorous scientific validation,Chinese medicine can enhance its legitimacy and facilitate its integration into the global healthcare landscape.
基金Supported by Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Funds(ZY20230102)Guilin Scientific Research and Technology Development Programme Project(2023010301-1,20220104-4)+1 种基金Guangxi Science and Technology Programme Project(GK AB24010263)Guangxi Innovation Driving Development Special Funds Project(GK AA22096020).
文摘[Objectives] To optimize the crystallization process of ceftriaxone sodium using response surface methodology (RSM) for enhancing both the crystallization rate and the quality of the final product. [Methods] Four key factors, including crystallization temperature, stirring speed, solvent drop rate, and seed crystal content, were employed as independent variables, while the crystallization rate served as the response variable. The Box-Behnken response surface method was utilized for the optimization design. [Results] The optimal parameters for the crystallization process, determined through optimization, were as follows: a temperature of 10.6 ℃, a stirring rate of 150 rpm, a solvent drop rate of 1.50 mL/min, and a seed crystal content of 0.12 g. Validation tests conducted under these conditions yielded an average crystallization rate of 94.38% for the refined product. [Conclusions] The crystallization efficiency of ceftriaxone sodium is markedly enhanced, thereby offering substantial support for its industrial production and clinical application.
文摘The asphalt pavement industry is transforming because of the growing influence of artificial intelligence and industrial digitization.As a result of this shift,there is a stronger emphasis on advanced statistical approaches like optimization tools like response surface methodology(RSM)and machine learning(ML)techniques.The goal of this paper is to provide a scientometric and systematic review of the application of RSM and ML applications in data-driven approaches such as optimizing,modeling,and predicting asphalt pavement performance to achieve sustainable asphalt pavements in support of numerous sustainable development goals(SDGs).These include Goals 9(sustainable infrastructure),11(urban resilience),12(sustainable construction strategies),13(climate action through optimized materials),and 17(multidisciplinary interaction).A thorough search of the ScienceDirect,Web of Science,and Scopus databases from 2010 to 2023 yielded 1249 relevant records,with 125 studies closely examined.Over the last thirteen years,there has been significant research growth in RSM and ML applications,particularly in ML-based pavement optimization.The study shows that the topic has a global presence,with notable contributions from Asia,North America,Europe,and other continents.Researchers have concentrated on utilizing sophisticated ML models such as support vector machines(SVM),artificial neural networks(ANN),and Bayesian networks for prediction.Also,the integration of RSM and ML provides a faster and more efficient method for analyzing large datasets to optimize asphalt pavement performance variables.Key contributors include the United States,China,and Malaysia,with global efforts focused on sustainable materials and approaches to reduce impact on the environment.Furthermore,the review demonstrates the integrated use of RSM and ML as transformative tools for improving sustainability,which contributes significantly to SDGs 9,11,12,13,and 17.Providing valuable insights for future research and guiding decision-making for soft computing applications for asphalt pavement projects.
基金supported by Chinese Medicine Development Fund of the Hong Kong SAR(No.21B2/018A)。
文摘Objective:This cross-sectional study assessed the methodological quality of systematic reviews(SRs)of Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)published in Chinese between Jan 2021 and Sep 2022.Methods:Chinese language CHM SRs were identified through literature searches across 3 international and 4 Chinese databases.Methodological quality was appraised using A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2.Logistic regressions were used to explore associations between bibliographical characteristics and quality.Results:Analyses of methodological quality found that among the 213 sampled SRs,69.5%were of critically low quality,30.5%were of low quality,and none achieved high or moderate quality.Common shortcomings included the failure to identify the studies excluded from the analysis,failure to disclose funding sources,and limited evaluation of the potential impact of bias on conclusions.Logistic regressions revealed that SRs led by corresponding authors affiliated with universities or academic institutions tended to be of lower quality than SRs led by authors affiliated with hospitals or clinical facilities.Conclusion:Recent Chinese language CHM SRs exhibited limited methodological quality,making them unlikely to support the development of clinical practice guidelines.Urgent initiatives are needed to enhance training for researchers,peer-reviewers and editors involved in the preparation and publication of SRs.Adoption of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guidelines in Chinese language journals is crucial to improve the relevance of SRs for Chinese medicine development.Addressing deficiencies in methodology and reporting is essential for promoting evidence-based practices and informed clinical decisions in Chinese medicine.
基金funded by DRTPM(Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi,Riset,dan Teknologi),Kementerian Pendidikan,Kebudayaan,Riset dan Teknologi Penelitian Indonesia through the Fundamental Reguler Grant.
文摘Addressing these water management challenges requires a comprehensive and integrated approach.Floods and other water-related challenges in urban areas can have an impact on land values.However,the lack of studies has developed a comprehensive index methodology related to examining floods and land value relationships for urban areas.Therefore,the main purpose of this study is to develop a comprehensive index methodology related to examining floods and land value relationships for urban areas that is called a Flood-Adjusted Land Value Index(FALVI)Methodology.This paper illustrates the importance of the proposed FALVI methodology to determine the relationship between flood events and land value.Important variables within three main aspects—environmental,socio,and historical flood variables—would be elaborated and measured by GIS-based analysis.It provides a more accurate and thorough assessment of property values by taking flood risk variables into account throughout the valuation process.This methodology is also regarded as an essential methodology for examining floods and land value links in metropolitan areas.FALVI can help guide government strategies on flood management,land use planning,and catastrophe risk reduction.By identifying high-risk locations,governments can prioritize flood mitigation measures and enact restrictions that prevent development in susceptible areas.Urban areas in certain watershed systems can be kept viable for the long term by carefully reviewing this methodology and implementing suitable land management strategies.
基金supported by the National Youth Top-notch Talent Support Program of China(Grant No.00389335)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52378392)the“Foal Eagle Program”Youth Top-notch Talent Project of Fujian Province(Grant No.00387088).
文摘In situ recycling is one of the most effective methods to dispose of earth pressure balance(EPB)shield waste muck with residual foaming agents with high moisture content.In this context,response surface methodology(RSM)was employed to quantify the effects of independent variables,including flocculant dosage,defoamer dosage,and muck drying mass(MDM)and their interactions on defoaming-flocculation-dewatering indices.The polymeric aluminum chloride(PACL)and hydroxy silicone oil-glycerol polypropylene ether(H-G)were selected as the flocculant and defoamer.The contents of surfactants and foam stabilizers in residual foaming agents were determined using the proposed empirical equation.The defoaming ratio,antifoaming ratio,turbidity,moisture content,filtration loss ratio,and fall cone penetration depth were considered as dependent variables.The accuracy of developed RSM models was verified by the analysis results of variance,residuals,and paired t-test.Combined with the desirability approach,an optimal mixing ratio of 0.078 wt%PACL,0.016 wt%H-G,and 27.882 wt%MDM was recommended,leading to a defoaming ratio of 98.34 vol%for residual foams and a moisture content of 56.72 wt%for pressure-filtration cakes.Our findings were demonstrated to be able to provide useful guidance for prediction and optimization of the in situ recycling indicators of EPB shield waste muck in metro tunnel construction sites.
文摘In today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape,web application security has become paramount as organizations face increasingly sophisticated cyber threats.This work presents a comprehensive methodology for implementing robust security measures in modern web applications and the proof of the Methodology applied to Vue.js,Spring Boot,and MySQL architecture.The proposed approach addresses critical security challenges through a multi-layered framework that encompasses essential security dimensions including multi-factor authentication,fine-grained authorization controls,sophisticated session management,data confidentiality and integrity protection,secure logging mechanisms,comprehensive error handling,high availability strategies,advanced input validation,and security headers implementation.Significant contributions are made to the field of web application security.First,a detailed catalogue of security requirements specifically tailored to protect web applications against contemporary threats,backed by rigorous analysis and industry best practices.Second,the methodology is validated through a carefully designed proof-of-concept implementation in a controlled environment,demonstrating the practical effectiveness of the security measures.The validation process employs cutting-edge static and dynamic analysis tools for comprehensive dependency validation and vulnerability detection,ensuring robust security coverage.The validation results confirm the prevention and avoidance of security vulnerabilities of the methodology.A key innovation of this work is the seamless integration of DevSecOps practices throughout the secure Software Development Life Cycle(SSDLC),creating a security-first mindset from initial design to deployment.By combining proactive secure coding practices with defensive security approaches,a framework is established that not only strengthens application security but also fosters a culture of security awareness within development teams.This hybrid approach ensures that security considerations are woven into every aspect of the development process,rather than being treated as an afterthought.
基金funded by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program“Research on Synergistic Relationship and Reintroduction Technology of C.tortisepalum var.longibracteatum and Endophytic Mycorrhizal Fungi in Eastern Sichuan”(2017JY0132)Longshan Academic Talent Research Supporting Program of SWUST(17LZX521,18LZX522).
文摘The objective of this study was to determine the optimal proportions of plant growth regulators for growth and non-tube rapid propagation of Cymbidium tortisepalum var. longibracteatum;seedlings were utilized as the material. The effects of various combinations and concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), gibberellic acid (GA_(3)), and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on growth and non-tube rapid propagation were assessed through a single-factor testing and response surface methodology. The results indicated that 6-BA at 60 mg/L, GA_(3) at 150 mg/L, and NAA at 30 mg/L were the most effective concentrations for promoting leaf buds formation in the single-factor analysis. Response surface methodology clarified the sensitivity of the proliferation rate of lateral buds to the three factors, with 6-BA being the most influential, followed by GA_(3) and NAA. The increase in leaf area was most significantly influenced by NAA, then GA_(3), and least by 6-BA, while the increase in plant height was most responsive to GA_(3), followed by 6-BA, and then NAA. The ideal concentrations of plant growth regulators were established as 6-BA at 43 mg/L, GA_(3) at 169 mg/L, and NAA at 36 mg/L. Under these conditions, the lateral bud number per plant was 2.78, with a leaf area increment of 2.87 cm2 and a plant height increment of 2.67 cm.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51978504).
文摘Practical applications of desulfurization gypsum are limited owing to its brittleness and low strength.To overcome these challenges,researchers have developed engineered desulfurization gypsum composites(EDGCs)by incorporating ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)fiber and sulfoaluminate cement(SAC).The mix ratio was optimized using response surface methodology(RSM).Experimental testing of EDGC under compressive and tensile loads led to the creation of a regression model that investigates the influence of variables and their interactions on the material’s compressive and tensile strengths.Additionally,microscopic morphology and hydration product composition were analyzed to explore the influence mechanism.The results indicated that EDGC’s compressive strength increased by up to 38.4%owing to a decreased water-binder ratio and higher SAC content.Similarly,tensile strength increased by up to 38.6%owing to increased SAC and fiber content.Moreover,EDGC demonstrated excellent strain-hardening behavior and multiple cracking characteristics,achieving a maximum tensile strain of nearly 3%.The research findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the performance of desulfurization gypsum.
文摘This paper tries to summarize some main schools 0f teaching methodologies abroad and some main learning theories abroad. From this paper, we can know the main learning theories, the basic theories of them and the leading figures. It can help us understand the characteristics of each school of the teaching methodologies and learning theories.
