This study aimed to optimization of the in vitro fertilization system in Cỏ goat oocytes to achieve the maximum possible blastocyst development rate. In Experiment 1, we assessed the effects of IVF media on the in vit...This study aimed to optimization of the in vitro fertilization system in Cỏ goat oocytes to achieve the maximum possible blastocyst development rate. In Experiment 1, we assessed the effects of IVF media on the in vitro fertilization of Cỏ goat oocytes. There was no significant difference in the cleavage, blastocyst, or hatching rates between TALP-Fert and BO-IVF media. Experiment 2 was performed to assess the concentration of sperm in the in vitro fertilization of Cỏ goat oocytes. The matured Cỏ goat oocytes were fertilized in BO-IVF for four sperm concentrations: 5 × 105, 1 × 106, 2 × 106 and 3 × 106 sperm/ml. The blastocyst rate of 2 × 106 sperm/ml and 3 × 106 sperm/ml groups was higher than that of 5 × 105 sperm/ml and 1 × 106 sperm/ml groups (P Experiment 3 was performed to assess the IVF duration on the in vitro fertilization of Cỏ goat oocytes. The matured Cỏ goat oocytes were fertilized in BO-IVF with sperm concentration of 3 × 106 sperm/ml for 18, 20, 22 and 24 h. The cleavage, blastocyst, and hatching blastocyst rates of 18 h group were lower than those of 20, 22 and 24 h groups (P 0.05). In conclusion, the matured Cỏ goat oocytes were fertilized in BO-IVF with sperm concentration of 3 × 106 sperm/ml for 20 hours, which is suitable for the in vitro Cỏ goat embryo production.展开更多
The global demand for in vitro respiratory airway models has surged due to the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Current state-of-the-art models use polymer membranes to separate epithelial cells from other c...The global demand for in vitro respiratory airway models has surged due to the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Current state-of-the-art models use polymer membranes to separate epithelial cells from other cell types,creating a nonphysiological barrier.In this study,we applied three-dimensional(3D)printing and bioprinting to develop an in vitro model where endothelial and epithelial cells were in direct contact,mimicking their natural arrangement.This proof-ofconcept model includes a culture chamber,with an endothelial bioink printed and perfused through an epithelial channel.In silico simulations of the air velocity within the channel revealed shear stress values ranging from 0.13 to 0.39 Pa,aligning with the desired in vivo shear stress observed in the bronchi regions(0.1–0.4 Pa).Biomechanical movements during resting breathing were mimicked by incorporating a textile mesh positioned away from the cell–cell interface.The epithelial channel demonstrated a capacity for compression and expansion of up to−14.7%and+6.4%,respectively.Microscopic images showed that the epithelial cells formed a uniform monolayer within the lumen of the channel close to the bioprinted endothelial cells.Our novel model offers a valuable tool for future research into respiratory diseases and potential treatments under conditions closely mimicking those in the lung.展开更多
Pimpinella anisum,commonly known as anise,is generally used in both folk medicine and the culinary world.In traditional medicine,it is valued for its digestive,respiratory,and antispasmodic properties.This study aims ...Pimpinella anisum,commonly known as anise,is generally used in both folk medicine and the culinary world.In traditional medicine,it is valued for its digestive,respiratory,and antispasmodic properties.This study aims to examine the volatile compounds and antibacterial effect of P.anisum essential oil(PAEO)as well as for the first time its genotoxicity employing both in vitro and computational approaches.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)analysis identified anethole as the principal compound,which comprises 92.47%of PAEO.PAEO was tested for its potential antibacterial properties against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633,Listeria innocua ATCC 33090,Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213,Klebsiella aerogenes ATCC 13048,and a clinical strain of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi.PAEO displayed noteworthy antibacterial action toward all tested bacteria,especially Staphylococcus aureus,with an inhibition zone of 21.43±0.87 mm,as determined by the disc-diffusion test.Varied between 0.0625%and 2%v/v,while the MBC values ranged from 0.125%to 8%v/v,reflecting the strength of the tested EO.The MBC/MIC ratios indicated the bactericidal nature of PAEO.The results of molecular docking revealed strong binding interactions between key PAEO molecules and microbial target proteins.ADMET(Absorption,Distribution,Metabolism,Excretion,and Toxicity)analysis confirmed favorable pharmacokinetic properties,indicating its potential as a safe therapeutic agent.Additionally,genotoxicity was assessed using the comet assay,which demonstrated minimal genotoxic risk,affirming the oil’s safety.These results highlight the promising antimicrobial properties of PAEO and its possible use as an active agent in the pharmacy,food,and cosmetic sectors.展开更多
This study employed a microwave-ultrasonic-hydrothermal multifield coupling method to synthesize nanoβ-Tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP)powder,systematically evaluating the impact of various parameters,including reaction ...This study employed a microwave-ultrasonic-hydrothermal multifield coupling method to synthesize nanoβ-Tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP)powder,systematically evaluating the impact of various parameters,including reaction temperature,time,sintering temperature,reactant types and concentrations,and graphene oxide(GO)concentration,on the physicochemical properties of the nanoβ-TCP powder.The synthesized powder was characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM),inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy(ICP-OES),and thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC).The experimental results indicate that the optimal synthesis conditions are achieved with a 0.6 mol/L Ca(NO3)2·4H2O solution and a 0.4 mol/L(NH_(4))_(2)HPO_(4)solution at a reaction temperature of 35℃for 40 minutes,followed by sintering at 720℃for 2 hours with 1×10^(-1)g/L GO.The preparedβ-TCP powder exhibits high crystallinity,a pure phase,good dispersibility,no significant aggregation,and uniform particle size of 59.75±12.84 nm.In vitro cytotoxicity tests show excellent biocompatibility and no cytotoxic effects on bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs)even at concentrations up to 0.8 mg/mL.Furthermore,results from live-dead staining and nuclear membrane staining of cells co-cultured with the material demonstrate that theβ-TCP can promote the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs to a certain extent,highlighting its potential as a safe and effective material for bone tissue engineering.展开更多
As prepubertal boys do not yet produce spermatozoa,they cannot rely on sperm cryopreservation for fertility preservation before gonadotoxic therapy,such as high-dose alkylating agents or radiotherapy in the case of ch...As prepubertal boys do not yet produce spermatozoa,they cannot rely on sperm cryopreservation for fertility preservation before gonadotoxic therapy,such as high-dose alkylating agents or radiotherapy in the case of childhood cancers.According to the current guidelines,cryopreservation of testicular biopsies containing spermatogonial stem cells(SSCs)may be proposed to high-risk patients for potential later therapeutic use to fulfill the patients’wish for a biological child.One promising technique for human in vitro spermatogenesis and in vitro propagation of human SSCs is microfluidic(MF)culture,in which cells or tissues are subjected to a continuous flow of medium.This provides exact control over such parameters as nutrient content and gradients,as well as the removal of waste metabolites.While MF has been shown to maintain tissues and cell populations of organs for longer than conventional in vitro culture techniques,it has not been widely used for testicular in vitro culture.MF could advance human testicular in vitro culture and is also applicable to reprotoxicity studies.This review summarizes the findings and achievements of testis-on-chip(ToC)setups to date and discusses the benefits and limitations of these for spermatogenesis in vitro and toxicity assessment.展开更多
Background Plant tissue culture has emerged as a tool for improving cotton propagation and genetics,but recalcitrance nature of cotton makes it difficult to develop in vitro regeneration.Cotton’s recalcitrance is inf...Background Plant tissue culture has emerged as a tool for improving cotton propagation and genetics,but recalcitrance nature of cotton makes it difficult to develop in vitro regeneration.Cotton’s recalcitrance is influenced by genotype,explant type,and environmental conditions.To overcome these issues,this study uses different machine learning-based predictive models by employing multiple input factors.Cotyledonary node explants of two commercial cotton cultivars(STN-468 and GSN-12)were isolated from 7–8 days old seedlings,preconditioned with 5,10,and 20 mg·L^(-1) kinetin(KIN)for 10 days.Thereafter,explants were postconditioned on full Murashige and Skoog(MS),1/2MS,1/4MS,and full MS+0.05 mg·L^(-1) KIN,cultured in growth room enlightened with red and blue light-emitting diodes(LED)combination.Statistical analysis(analysis of variance,regression analysis)was employed to assess the impact of different treatments on shoot regeneration,with artificial intelligence(AI)models used for confirming the findings.Results GSN-12 exhibited superior shoot regeneration potential compared with STN-468,with an average of 4.99 shoots per explant versus 3.97.Optimal results were achieved with 5 mg·L^(-1) KIN preconditioning,1/4MS postconditioning,and 80%red LED,with maximum of 7.75 shoot count for GSN-12 under these conditions;while STN-468 reached 6.00 shoots under the conditions of 10 mg·L^(-1) KIN preconditioning,MS with 0.05 mg·L^(-1) KIN(postconditioning)and 75.0%red LED.Rooting was successfully achieved with naphthalene acetic acid and activated charcoal.Additionally,three different powerful AI-based models,namely,extreme gradient boost(XGBoost),random forest(RF),and the artificial neural network-based multilayer perceptron(MLP)regression models validated the findings.Conclusion GSN-12 outperformed STN-468 with optimal results from 5 mg·L^(-1) KIN+1/4MS+80%red LED.Application of machine learning-based prediction models to optimize cotton tissue culture protocols for shoot regeneration is helpful to improve cotton regeneration efficiency.展开更多
Magnesium(Mg)alloys have attracted considerable attention as promising implant materials for biodegradable medical devices.In this study,we focused on investigating the effect of macroscopic environmental heterogeneit...Magnesium(Mg)alloys have attracted considerable attention as promising implant materials for biodegradable medical devices.In this study,we focused on investigating the effect of macroscopic environmental heterogeneity due to the degradation of Mg on its corrosion behavior.The immersion experiments using pure Mg plates,which were placed vertically in a culture medium(Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium(DEME)+10%fetal bovine serum(FBS))for 1,5,and 10 days,were conducted.Surface analyses for the corrosion product layers and the measurements of the pH values and concentrations of eluted ions in the immersion medium around the upper and lower areas of the Mg plate were performed.The significant effect of the macroscopic environmental heterogeneity derived from Mg degradation on the corrosion behavior was demonstrated by in vitro tests.Additionally,the in vivo tests were carried out by implanting the pure Mg plates in the femur of rabbits.The in vivo results exhibited macroscopically heterogeneous Mg degradation,with areas of more severe corrosion compared to the in vitro test;it is especially noticeable during the early stage of degradation,even though the average corrosion rate was lower.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are the first cause of death in the world.Ischemic heart disease is the main cause of heart failure.New approaches are continuously sou-ght to identify better therapeutic success.The...BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are the first cause of death in the world.Ischemic heart disease is the main cause of heart failure.New approaches are continuously sou-ght to identify better therapeutic success.Thereby,current research has been drawn to identifying and completing the therapeutic profile of natural sources.Galium species are representatives exhibiting diuretic and antibacterial potential in living organisms and can treat burns,wounds,and skin diseases.Moreover,it was also observed that these plants manifest cardioprotective effects as well as having antihemolytic,antioxidant,antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,immunomod-ulatory,and antiproliferative potential.In ischemic heart disease,Galium verum(G.verum)extract manifested preservative properties in terms of contractility,systolic and diastolic function maintenance,and reduced damage to the heart after ischemia.In addition,G.verum extract upregulated the activity of antioxidant enzymes alleviating the production of pro-oxidants.AIM To test the ethanolic extract of G.verum on the H9C2(2-1)cell line by evaluating the in vitro biosafety profile and in ovo irritative potential.METHODS Cells were tested in vitro for viability(using the MTT test),cellular morphology,cell number,confluence,nuclear morphology(by immunofluorescence staining of cell nuclei and F-actin assay)and in ovo by the hen’s egg chorioal-lantoic membrane(CAM)test and CAM anti-irritant methods to study the irritation potential on the CAM.RESULTS The extract demonstrated a dose-dependent stimulatory activity.The viability increased to 170%for the dose of 55µg/mL and decreased to 135%at 200µg/mL.The results of cell number,confluence,and morphological analysis did not present significant changes compared with control untreated cells.The immunofluorescence assay showed insignificant apoptotic potential,and the hen’s egg CAM test revealed that the extract was in the weak to mode-rately irritating category with an irritation score of 5.3.When applying the sample to the CAM,only slight coagu-lation was observed(128 s).The anti-irritant test revealed the protective potential of the extract in the vascular plexus.CONCLUSION The ethanolic extract of G.verum manifests a stimulating effect on cardiomyocytes,enhancing cell viability,and maintaining a normal elongated shape,cell number,and confluence,without significant signs of apoptosis and with a weak irritative effect in ovo.In addition,the extract demonstrated a protective effect against hemorrhage,lysis,and coagulation of blood vessels induced by sodium dodecyl sulfate on the CAM.展开更多
Edible mushroom polysaccharides demonstrate a range of bioactivities and have been investigated as potential adjuvant therapies for cancer treatment.Our prior research found Lactariks hatsudake Tanaka polysaccharide(L...Edible mushroom polysaccharides demonstrate a range of bioactivities and have been investigated as potential adjuvant therapies for cancer treatment.Our prior research found Lactariks hatsudake Tanaka polysaccharide(LHP)effective against hepatocellular carcinoma,but the mechanisms remain unclear.This study aims to clarify the anti-cancer molecular mechanisms by examining the effects on specific signaling pathways through in vivo and in vitro analyses.Animal studies showed that LHP significantly inhibited the growth of transplanted liver cancer without toxicity.Histological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that LHP increased nuclear cohesion in tumor cells and altered the expression of key regulatory proteins such as protein kinase B(Akt),nuclear factorκB(NFκB),caspase-3,p21,and p53.These findings suggest that LHP’s anticancer effects involve promoting apoptosis and disrupting the cell cycle.At the cellular level,assays such as 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium(MTS),flow cytometry,and transwell invasion confirmed that LHP inhibited cancer cell proliferation and induced apoptosis.Polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays revealed that LHP intervention reduced cyclin-dependent kinase 4 activity by upregulating p53 and p21,leading to cell cycle arrest and inhibited cell proliferation.LHP also promoted apoptosis by altering Bcl-2-associated X protein,B-cell lymphoma 2,and cleaved caspase-3 levels.Moreover,LHP could affect the Akt,NF-κB,and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways to exert anticancer effects.These findings underscore the potential of LHP as a novel and multifaceted therapeutic agent.Furthermore,the elucidation of LHP-related mechanisms offers a crucial theoretical foundation for developing innovative and effective treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma.Additionally,this supports its potential development as a functional food or adjuvant therapy for cancer,which holds significant implications and application prospects in both the food and medical fields.展开更多
Phalaenopsis orchids are economically important ornamental crops;however,their commercial micropropagation is often limited by poor rooting efficiency and inconsistent growth.In this study,we investigated the effects ...Phalaenopsis orchids are economically important ornamental crops;however,their commercial micropropagation is often limited by poor rooting efficiency and inconsistent growth.In this study,we investigated the effects of silver nanoparticles(Ag-NPs)on the in vitro regeneration and growth of Phalaenopsis cultivar 611B to determine the optimal concentration of Ag-NPs for improved micropropagation outcomes.Shoot tip explants(2–3 mm)—derived from protocorm-like bodies were cultured on a regeneration medium containing Hyponex(20:20:20 and 6.5:6.5:19),18 g/L sugar,2 g/L peptone,0.8 g/L activated charcoal,12.5 g/L potato extract,50 mL/L apple juice,and 10 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine(6-BA),with varying concentrations of Ag-NPs(0,0.5,1.0,2.0,and 2.5 mg/L).After 10–12 weeks,shoot and root formation,plant height,fresh weight,leaf number,and chlorophyll contents were evaluated.At 1.0 mg/L Ag-NPs,shoot regeneration(5.4 vs.2.9 shoots per explant),root induction(2.1 vs.1.4 roots per explant),and shoot formation frequency(100%vs.55%)were significantly higher than the control(0 mg/L).Fresh weight(592.4 mg)and leaf number(9.7)also showed notable increases at this concentration.Although chlorophyll a and b levels peaked at 2.0 mg/L,the difference from 1.0 mg/L was not statistically significant.These results suggest that 1.0mg/LAg-NPs is the optimal concentration for enhancing shoot and root development and improving overall plantlet quality in Phalaenopsis.The findings highlight the potential of nanomaterials to improve the efficiency of orchid tissue culture systems.展开更多
The rise in life expectancies and gap between life span and health span necessitate innovative approaches,interventions,and food solutions to secure healthy aging.This study,conducted within the framework of the EAT4A...The rise in life expectancies and gap between life span and health span necessitate innovative approaches,interventions,and food solutions to secure healthy aging.This study,conducted within the framework of the EAT4AGE project of the Joint Programming InitiativeA Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life',focuses on the rational design of functional foods for older adults.A co-extruded cereal prototype,fortified with two bioactive moieties,maca root powder and olive leaf extract,aims to address nutritional gaps identified in older adults,with a particular emphasis on high-quality and highly digestible proteins.Analytical determinations reveal the cereals have rich macronutrient profile exceeding 12%(m/m)protein,20%(m/m)fat,and low sugar(<5%,m/m),surpassing commercially available products with texture analyses supporting improved hardness,reduced oral friction and oral comfort.An untrained consumer panel(n=21,age 73±5)confirmed high palatability in various metrics and overall acceptability that were also affirmed through a trained sensory panel.Lastly,the product digestion was explored through an age-tailored in vitro digestion model which consistently demonstrated high protein digestibility,surpassing 80%,across all product formulations.Further,calculation of the in vitro digestible indispensable amino acid score of the product affirms its high nutritional quality.Thus,this study underscores the potential of designing palatable foods that could help promote a balanced and sustainable diet towards healthy aging.展开更多
The degradation characteristics of high-purity(HP)magnesium(Mg)orthopedic implants under static and cyclic compressive loads(SCL and CCL)remain inadequately understood.This study developed an in vivo loading device ca...The degradation characteristics of high-purity(HP)magnesium(Mg)orthopedic implants under static and cyclic compressive loads(SCL and CCL)remain inadequately understood.This study developed an in vivo loading device capable of applying single SCL and CCL while shielding against unpredictable host movements.In vitro degradation experiments of HP Mg implants were conducted to verify the experimental protocol,and in vivo experiments in rabbit tibiae to observe the degradation characteristics of the implants.Micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscope were used for three-dimensional reconstruction and surface morphology analysis,respectively.Compared to in vitro specimens,in vivo specimens exhibited significantly higher corrosion rates and more extensive cracking.Cracks in the in vivo specimens gradually penetrated deeper from the loading surface,eventually leading to a rapid structural deterioration;whereas in vitro specimens exhibited more surface-localized cracking and a relatively uniform corrosion pattern.Compared to SCL,CCL accelerated both corrosion and cracking to some extent.These findings provide new insights into the in vivo degradation behavior of Mg-based implants under compressive loading conditions.展开更多
Background Insect meals have been identified as innovative and sustainable feedstuffs that could be used in ruminant nutrition.However,current research on the effects that their processing may have on rumen digestibil...Background Insect meals have been identified as innovative and sustainable feedstuffs that could be used in ruminant nutrition.However,current research on the effects that their processing may have on rumen digestibility and fatty acid(FA)biohydrogenation is scant.This trial aims to investigate the effects(i)of drying temperature of fullfat Hermetia illucens(HI)and Tenebrio molitor(TM)meals,and(ii)of residual ether extract(EE)content of defatted HI and TM meals,on their fermentation characteristics and FA of rumen digesta after 24-h in vitro rumen incubation.Methods The tested full-fat meals included four HI and four TM meals obtained applying drying temperatures ranging from 30℃ to 70℃,while the tested defatted meals consisted of five HI and two TM meals containing a residual EE content ranging from 4.7 to 19.7 g EE/100 g dry matter(DM).The applied statistical models(GLM ANOVA)tested the effects of insect species,drying temperature(full-fat meals)or EE content(defatted meals),and their interaction.Results Drying temperature had minor effects on in vitro ruminal digestibility and FA profile of rumen digesta.Irrespective of insect species,increasing the drying temperature led to a reduction of in vitro degradation of proteins from insect meals,as outlined by the significant decrease in ammonia production(-0.009 mmol/g DM and-0.126 g/100 g total N for each additional 1℃).Irrespective of insect species,defatting increased total gas,volatile fatty acids(VFA)and CH_(4) productions,and the proportions of total saturated and branched-chain FA in rumen digesta(+0.038 mmol/g DM,+0.063 mmol/g DM,+12.9μmol/g DM,+0.18 g/100 g FA,and+0.19 g/100 g FA for each reduced 1 g EE/100 g DM,respectively),and reduced the proportion of total PUFA(-0.12 g/100 g FA).Conclusions The applied drying temperatures of full-fat insect meals are too low to exert impactful effects on rumen digestibility and FA biohydrogenation.Fat lowered fermentation activity,probably because of an inhibitory effect on rumen microbiota.The increased ruminal digestibility of defatted insect meals suggests that they can be more suitable to be used in ruminant nutrition than full-fat ones.展开更多
The ability of natural conception decreases with age,leading many advanced-age women with fertility desire begin to attempt in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)technique nowadays.Traditional Chinese medi...The ability of natural conception decreases with age,leading many advanced-age women with fertility desire begin to attempt in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)technique nowadays.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)believes that human body undergoes periodic changes corresponding to the natural rhythms.Women exhibit distinct physiological lunar rhythms of the thoroughfare vessel and the conception vessel,as well as pathological rhythms during the menstrual cycle and IVF-ET cycle.Based on the theory of TCM temporal rhythm,this paper discusses the pathogenesis characteristics of infertility in advanced-age women at different stages.It believes that acupuncture intervention should comply with the following ideas:determining main acupoints based on disease differentiation,with a preference for the acupoints on the thoroughfare vessel,the conception vessel,spleen meridian and kidney meridian,as well as the back-shu points of the liver,spleen and kidney;determining the supplementary acupoints based on syndrome differentiation and symptoms;determining the supplementary acupoints based on time differentiation of lunar rhythm of the thoroughfare vessel and the conception vessel,and integrating both reinforcing and reducing techniques.During the process of intervention,the physical and mental states were balanced simultaneously.展开更多
Whole-grain foods have attracted emerging attention due to their health benefits.Whole grains are rich in bound polyphenols(BPs)linked with dietary fibers,which is largely underestimated compared with free polyphenols...Whole-grain foods have attracted emerging attention due to their health benefits.Whole grains are rich in bound polyphenols(BPs)linked with dietary fibers,which is largely underestimated compared with free polyphenols.In this study,in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation models were used to study the release profile and metabolism of BPs of oat bran.Significantly higher level of BPs was released during in vitro colon fermentation(3.05 mg GAE/g)than in gastrointestinal digestion(0.54 mg GAE/g).Five polyphenols were detected via LC-MS and their possible conversion pathways were speculated.Released BPs exhibited chemical antioxidant capacity.16S rRNA sequencing further revealed that Clostridium butyricum,Enterococcus faecalis,Bacteroides acidifaciens were the key bacteria involved in the release of BPs,and this was verified by whole-cell transformation.Our results helped to explain the possible mechanism of the health benefits of BPs in whole grains.展开更多
The olive oil fermentation filtrate was prepared by microbial fermentation technology,and the fermentation process was optimized by orthogonal test to screen out the optimal fermentation conditions.At the same time,th...The olive oil fermentation filtrate was prepared by microbial fermentation technology,and the fermentation process was optimized by orthogonal test to screen out the optimal fermentation conditions.At the same time,the effect of olive oil fermentation filtrate to promote the secretion of type I collagen (COL-I) and type VII collagen (COL-VII) by fibroblasts (HFF-1),the inhibitory effect on the secretion of alpha tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by lipopolysaccharide induced macrophages (RAW264.7),and the inhibitory effect on the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were studied through in vitro cell testing methods.The results showed that the optimal fermentation conditions of olive oil fermentation filtrate were as follows,inoculation amount was 3%,inducer amount was 2%,fermentation time was 48 h.Its efficacy can significantly promote the synthesis of COL-I and COL-VII,and significantly inhibit the content of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 as well as ROS content,it has multiple effects of firming,anti-wrinkle,soothing and antioxidant,providing scientific and effective data support for the development of cosmetic raw materials.展开更多
The medicinal herb Geranium wallichianum belongs to the family Geraniaceae. The East Asian Himalayas are its primary habitat. Overexploitation and overharvesting pose a threat to this plant, given its extensive ethnom...The medicinal herb Geranium wallichianum belongs to the family Geraniaceae. The East Asian Himalayas are its primary habitat. Overexploitation and overharvesting pose a threat to this plant, given its extensive ethnomedical utilization in the community. In Pakistan, its population has already declined by over 75%. Given its critical medicinal importance, urgent conservation efforts are needed to prevent extinction. The aim of the current research was to determine the effectiveness of sucrose and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in decelerating the growth of this medicinally important species. Nodal segments were utilized as explant with varying levels of polyethylene glycol (PEG) (0.5% and 1.5%) and sucrose (4% and 8%) as treatments on different growth attributes. Over a 45-day period, PEG treatments (0.5% and 1.5%) proved more efficient compared to sucrose in suppressing in vitro growth, with reduced shoot lengths (0.92 and 0.57 cm), dry weight (0.04 and 0.02 g), and fresh weight (0.06 and 0.04 g). PEG also significantly enhanced phenolic levels (0.96 and 0.19 mg/g) and soluble sugars (4.07 and 4.12 mg/g) while reducing total protein level (2.38 and 2.32 mg/g) and total chlorophyll content (0.17 and 0.14 mg/g). The Pearson correlation analysis showed a negative association between phenolic levels and total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b. The length of the shoot had a negative relationship with phenolic level but a positive relationship with both fresh and dry weight. The principal component analysis revealed that total sugars and phenolics that were grouped separately from other variables led to stronger responses to osmotic stress. These outcomes suggested that higher PEG was successful in reducing in vitro growth throughout short-term preservation in comparison to sucrose. The outcomes of this research could be applied for the in vitro conservation of medical plants in the future.展开更多
The development and improvement of tracheal stents,as an effective treatment for respiratory diseases such as tracheal stenosis and tracheal collapse,has been a hot topic in the field of medical engineering.In vitro t...The development and improvement of tracheal stents,as an effective treatment for respiratory diseases such as tracheal stenosis and tracheal collapse,has been a hot topic in the field of medical engineering.In vitro testing and animal experiments are key steps in evaluating the performance and safety of tracheal stents.This paper reviews the in vitro testing methods,animal experimental models,current research status,and future directions of tracheal stents,aiming to provide research directions for the development and in vitro and in vivo testing of tracheal stents.展开更多
Extensive in vitro corrosion test systems have been carried out to simulate the in vivo corrosion behavior of biodegradable metallic materials. Various methods have their own unique benefits and limitations. The corro...Extensive in vitro corrosion test systems have been carried out to simulate the in vivo corrosion behavior of biodegradable metallic materials. Various methods have their own unique benefits and limitations. The corrosion mechanism of biodegradable alloys and in vitro corrosion test systems on biodegradable metallic materials are reviewed, to build a reasonable simulated in vitro test system for mimicking the in vivo animal test from the aspects of electrolyte solution selection, surface roughness influence, test methods and evaluation methodology of corrosion rate. Buffered simulated body fluid containing similar components to human blood plasma should be applied as electrolyte solution, such as simulated body fluid （SBF） and culture medium with serum. Surface roughness of samples and ratio of solution volume to sample surface area should be adopted based on the real implant situation, and the dynamic corrosion is preferred. As to the evaluation methodology of corrosion rate, different methods may complement one another.展开更多
文摘This study aimed to optimization of the in vitro fertilization system in Cỏ goat oocytes to achieve the maximum possible blastocyst development rate. In Experiment 1, we assessed the effects of IVF media on the in vitro fertilization of Cỏ goat oocytes. There was no significant difference in the cleavage, blastocyst, or hatching rates between TALP-Fert and BO-IVF media. Experiment 2 was performed to assess the concentration of sperm in the in vitro fertilization of Cỏ goat oocytes. The matured Cỏ goat oocytes were fertilized in BO-IVF for four sperm concentrations: 5 × 105, 1 × 106, 2 × 106 and 3 × 106 sperm/ml. The blastocyst rate of 2 × 106 sperm/ml and 3 × 106 sperm/ml groups was higher than that of 5 × 105 sperm/ml and 1 × 106 sperm/ml groups (P Experiment 3 was performed to assess the IVF duration on the in vitro fertilization of Cỏ goat oocytes. The matured Cỏ goat oocytes were fertilized in BO-IVF with sperm concentration of 3 × 106 sperm/ml for 18, 20, 22 and 24 h. The cleavage, blastocyst, and hatching blastocyst rates of 18 h group were lower than those of 20, 22 and 24 h groups (P 0.05). In conclusion, the matured Cỏ goat oocytes were fertilized in BO-IVF with sperm concentration of 3 × 106 sperm/ml for 20 hours, which is suitable for the in vitro Cỏ goat embryo production.
基金supported by the Volkswagen Foundation(Grant No.Az 99078 to DDC,ALT,and MT)funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)under Germany’s Excellence Strategy–2082/1–390761711(to DDC)part of the research training group GRK 2415–Mechanobiology in Epithelial 3D Tissue Constructs(project number 363055819,to ALT and SJ).
文摘The global demand for in vitro respiratory airway models has surged due to the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Current state-of-the-art models use polymer membranes to separate epithelial cells from other cell types,creating a nonphysiological barrier.In this study,we applied three-dimensional(3D)printing and bioprinting to develop an in vitro model where endothelial and epithelial cells were in direct contact,mimicking their natural arrangement.This proof-ofconcept model includes a culture chamber,with an endothelial bioink printed and perfused through an epithelial channel.In silico simulations of the air velocity within the channel revealed shear stress values ranging from 0.13 to 0.39 Pa,aligning with the desired in vivo shear stress observed in the bronchi regions(0.1–0.4 Pa).Biomechanical movements during resting breathing were mimicked by incorporating a textile mesh positioned away from the cell–cell interface.The epithelial channel demonstrated a capacity for compression and expansion of up to−14.7%and+6.4%,respectively.Microscopic images showed that the epithelial cells formed a uniform monolayer within the lumen of the channel close to the bioprinted endothelial cells.Our novel model offers a valuable tool for future research into respiratory diseases and potential treatments under conditions closely mimicking those in the lung.
文摘Pimpinella anisum,commonly known as anise,is generally used in both folk medicine and the culinary world.In traditional medicine,it is valued for its digestive,respiratory,and antispasmodic properties.This study aims to examine the volatile compounds and antibacterial effect of P.anisum essential oil(PAEO)as well as for the first time its genotoxicity employing both in vitro and computational approaches.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)analysis identified anethole as the principal compound,which comprises 92.47%of PAEO.PAEO was tested for its potential antibacterial properties against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633,Listeria innocua ATCC 33090,Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213,Klebsiella aerogenes ATCC 13048,and a clinical strain of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi.PAEO displayed noteworthy antibacterial action toward all tested bacteria,especially Staphylococcus aureus,with an inhibition zone of 21.43±0.87 mm,as determined by the disc-diffusion test.Varied between 0.0625%and 2%v/v,while the MBC values ranged from 0.125%to 8%v/v,reflecting the strength of the tested EO.The MBC/MIC ratios indicated the bactericidal nature of PAEO.The results of molecular docking revealed strong binding interactions between key PAEO molecules and microbial target proteins.ADMET(Absorption,Distribution,Metabolism,Excretion,and Toxicity)analysis confirmed favorable pharmacokinetic properties,indicating its potential as a safe therapeutic agent.Additionally,genotoxicity was assessed using the comet assay,which demonstrated minimal genotoxic risk,affirming the oil’s safety.These results highlight the promising antimicrobial properties of PAEO and its possible use as an active agent in the pharmacy,food,and cosmetic sectors.
基金Funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC2412300)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021B1515120091)the Technology Development Project of Shandong Weigao Orthopedic Materials Co.,Ltd.(No.20221h0074)。
文摘This study employed a microwave-ultrasonic-hydrothermal multifield coupling method to synthesize nanoβ-Tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP)powder,systematically evaluating the impact of various parameters,including reaction temperature,time,sintering temperature,reactant types and concentrations,and graphene oxide(GO)concentration,on the physicochemical properties of the nanoβ-TCP powder.The synthesized powder was characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM),inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy(ICP-OES),and thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC).The experimental results indicate that the optimal synthesis conditions are achieved with a 0.6 mol/L Ca(NO3)2·4H2O solution and a 0.4 mol/L(NH_(4))_(2)HPO_(4)solution at a reaction temperature of 35℃for 40 minutes,followed by sintering at 720℃for 2 hours with 1×10^(-1)g/L GO.The preparedβ-TCP powder exhibits high crystallinity,a pure phase,good dispersibility,no significant aggregation,and uniform particle size of 59.75±12.84 nm.In vitro cytotoxicity tests show excellent biocompatibility and no cytotoxic effects on bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs)even at concentrations up to 0.8 mg/mL.Furthermore,results from live-dead staining and nuclear membrane staining of cells co-cultured with the material demonstrate that theβ-TCP can promote the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs to a certain extent,highlighting its potential as a safe and effective material for bone tissue engineering.
文摘As prepubertal boys do not yet produce spermatozoa,they cannot rely on sperm cryopreservation for fertility preservation before gonadotoxic therapy,such as high-dose alkylating agents or radiotherapy in the case of childhood cancers.According to the current guidelines,cryopreservation of testicular biopsies containing spermatogonial stem cells(SSCs)may be proposed to high-risk patients for potential later therapeutic use to fulfill the patients’wish for a biological child.One promising technique for human in vitro spermatogenesis and in vitro propagation of human SSCs is microfluidic(MF)culture,in which cells or tissues are subjected to a continuous flow of medium.This provides exact control over such parameters as nutrient content and gradients,as well as the removal of waste metabolites.While MF has been shown to maintain tissues and cell populations of organs for longer than conventional in vitro culture techniques,it has not been widely used for testicular in vitro culture.MF could advance human testicular in vitro culture and is also applicable to reprotoxicity studies.This review summarizes the findings and achievements of testis-on-chip(ToC)setups to date and discusses the benefits and limitations of these for spermatogenesis in vitro and toxicity assessment.
文摘Background Plant tissue culture has emerged as a tool for improving cotton propagation and genetics,but recalcitrance nature of cotton makes it difficult to develop in vitro regeneration.Cotton’s recalcitrance is influenced by genotype,explant type,and environmental conditions.To overcome these issues,this study uses different machine learning-based predictive models by employing multiple input factors.Cotyledonary node explants of two commercial cotton cultivars(STN-468 and GSN-12)were isolated from 7–8 days old seedlings,preconditioned with 5,10,and 20 mg·L^(-1) kinetin(KIN)for 10 days.Thereafter,explants were postconditioned on full Murashige and Skoog(MS),1/2MS,1/4MS,and full MS+0.05 mg·L^(-1) KIN,cultured in growth room enlightened with red and blue light-emitting diodes(LED)combination.Statistical analysis(analysis of variance,regression analysis)was employed to assess the impact of different treatments on shoot regeneration,with artificial intelligence(AI)models used for confirming the findings.Results GSN-12 exhibited superior shoot regeneration potential compared with STN-468,with an average of 4.99 shoots per explant versus 3.97.Optimal results were achieved with 5 mg·L^(-1) KIN preconditioning,1/4MS postconditioning,and 80%red LED,with maximum of 7.75 shoot count for GSN-12 under these conditions;while STN-468 reached 6.00 shoots under the conditions of 10 mg·L^(-1) KIN preconditioning,MS with 0.05 mg·L^(-1) KIN(postconditioning)and 75.0%red LED.Rooting was successfully achieved with naphthalene acetic acid and activated charcoal.Additionally,three different powerful AI-based models,namely,extreme gradient boost(XGBoost),random forest(RF),and the artificial neural network-based multilayer perceptron(MLP)regression models validated the findings.Conclusion GSN-12 outperformed STN-468 with optimal results from 5 mg·L^(-1) KIN+1/4MS+80%red LED.Application of machine learning-based prediction models to optimize cotton tissue culture protocols for shoot regeneration is helpful to improve cotton regeneration efficiency.
基金supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 22K12903.
文摘Magnesium(Mg)alloys have attracted considerable attention as promising implant materials for biodegradable medical devices.In this study,we focused on investigating the effect of macroscopic environmental heterogeneity due to the degradation of Mg on its corrosion behavior.The immersion experiments using pure Mg plates,which were placed vertically in a culture medium(Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium(DEME)+10%fetal bovine serum(FBS))for 1,5,and 10 days,were conducted.Surface analyses for the corrosion product layers and the measurements of the pH values and concentrations of eluted ions in the immersion medium around the upper and lower areas of the Mg plate were performed.The significant effect of the macroscopic environmental heterogeneity derived from Mg degradation on the corrosion behavior was demonstrated by in vitro tests.Additionally,the in vivo tests were carried out by implanting the pure Mg plates in the femur of rabbits.The in vivo results exhibited macroscopically heterogeneous Mg degradation,with areas of more severe corrosion compared to the in vitro test;it is especially noticeable during the early stage of degradation,even though the average corrosion rate was lower.
文摘BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are the first cause of death in the world.Ischemic heart disease is the main cause of heart failure.New approaches are continuously sou-ght to identify better therapeutic success.Thereby,current research has been drawn to identifying and completing the therapeutic profile of natural sources.Galium species are representatives exhibiting diuretic and antibacterial potential in living organisms and can treat burns,wounds,and skin diseases.Moreover,it was also observed that these plants manifest cardioprotective effects as well as having antihemolytic,antioxidant,antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,immunomod-ulatory,and antiproliferative potential.In ischemic heart disease,Galium verum(G.verum)extract manifested preservative properties in terms of contractility,systolic and diastolic function maintenance,and reduced damage to the heart after ischemia.In addition,G.verum extract upregulated the activity of antioxidant enzymes alleviating the production of pro-oxidants.AIM To test the ethanolic extract of G.verum on the H9C2(2-1)cell line by evaluating the in vitro biosafety profile and in ovo irritative potential.METHODS Cells were tested in vitro for viability(using the MTT test),cellular morphology,cell number,confluence,nuclear morphology(by immunofluorescence staining of cell nuclei and F-actin assay)and in ovo by the hen’s egg chorioal-lantoic membrane(CAM)test and CAM anti-irritant methods to study the irritation potential on the CAM.RESULTS The extract demonstrated a dose-dependent stimulatory activity.The viability increased to 170%for the dose of 55µg/mL and decreased to 135%at 200µg/mL.The results of cell number,confluence,and morphological analysis did not present significant changes compared with control untreated cells.The immunofluorescence assay showed insignificant apoptotic potential,and the hen’s egg CAM test revealed that the extract was in the weak to mode-rately irritating category with an irritation score of 5.3.When applying the sample to the CAM,only slight coagu-lation was observed(128 s).The anti-irritant test revealed the protective potential of the extract in the vascular plexus.CONCLUSION The ethanolic extract of G.verum manifests a stimulating effect on cardiomyocytes,enhancing cell viability,and maintaining a normal elongated shape,cell number,and confluence,without significant signs of apoptosis and with a weak irritative effect in ovo.In addition,the extract demonstrated a protective effect against hemorrhage,lysis,and coagulation of blood vessels induced by sodium dodecyl sulfate on the CAM.
基金support of this research by the Program for Science&Technology Innovation Platform and Talent of Hunan Province(2021RC40322019TP1029)+2 种基金the Key R&D Plan of Hunan Province(2022SK2100,2023NK2034)the Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China(GJFP20230204)the Forestry Science and Technology Innovation Project in Hunan Province(XLK202431).
文摘Edible mushroom polysaccharides demonstrate a range of bioactivities and have been investigated as potential adjuvant therapies for cancer treatment.Our prior research found Lactariks hatsudake Tanaka polysaccharide(LHP)effective against hepatocellular carcinoma,but the mechanisms remain unclear.This study aims to clarify the anti-cancer molecular mechanisms by examining the effects on specific signaling pathways through in vivo and in vitro analyses.Animal studies showed that LHP significantly inhibited the growth of transplanted liver cancer without toxicity.Histological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that LHP increased nuclear cohesion in tumor cells and altered the expression of key regulatory proteins such as protein kinase B(Akt),nuclear factorκB(NFκB),caspase-3,p21,and p53.These findings suggest that LHP’s anticancer effects involve promoting apoptosis and disrupting the cell cycle.At the cellular level,assays such as 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium(MTS),flow cytometry,and transwell invasion confirmed that LHP inhibited cancer cell proliferation and induced apoptosis.Polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays revealed that LHP intervention reduced cyclin-dependent kinase 4 activity by upregulating p53 and p21,leading to cell cycle arrest and inhibited cell proliferation.LHP also promoted apoptosis by altering Bcl-2-associated X protein,B-cell lymphoma 2,and cleaved caspase-3 levels.Moreover,LHP could affect the Akt,NF-κB,and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways to exert anticancer effects.These findings underscore the potential of LHP as a novel and multifaceted therapeutic agent.Furthermore,the elucidation of LHP-related mechanisms offers a crucial theoretical foundation for developing innovative and effective treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma.Additionally,this supports its potential development as a functional food or adjuvant therapy for cancer,which holds significant implications and application prospects in both the food and medical fields.
文摘Phalaenopsis orchids are economically important ornamental crops;however,their commercial micropropagation is often limited by poor rooting efficiency and inconsistent growth.In this study,we investigated the effects of silver nanoparticles(Ag-NPs)on the in vitro regeneration and growth of Phalaenopsis cultivar 611B to determine the optimal concentration of Ag-NPs for improved micropropagation outcomes.Shoot tip explants(2–3 mm)—derived from protocorm-like bodies were cultured on a regeneration medium containing Hyponex(20:20:20 and 6.5:6.5:19),18 g/L sugar,2 g/L peptone,0.8 g/L activated charcoal,12.5 g/L potato extract,50 mL/L apple juice,and 10 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine(6-BA),with varying concentrations of Ag-NPs(0,0.5,1.0,2.0,and 2.5 mg/L).After 10–12 weeks,shoot and root formation,plant height,fresh weight,leaf number,and chlorophyll contents were evaluated.At 1.0 mg/L Ag-NPs,shoot regeneration(5.4 vs.2.9 shoots per explant),root induction(2.1 vs.1.4 roots per explant),and shoot formation frequency(100%vs.55%)were significantly higher than the control(0 mg/L).Fresh weight(592.4 mg)and leaf number(9.7)also showed notable increases at this concentration.Although chlorophyll a and b levels peaked at 2.0 mg/L,the difference from 1.0 mg/L was not statistically significant.These results suggest that 1.0mg/LAg-NPs is the optimal concentration for enhancing shoot and root development and improving overall plantlet quality in Phalaenopsis.The findings highlight the potential of nanomaterials to improve the efficiency of orchid tissue culture systems.
基金support of the Israeli Ministry of Science and Technology Grant#3-16518 and the Research Council of Norway(321860),under the umbrella of the European Joint Programming Initiative"A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life(JPI HDHL)and of the ERA-NETCofund ERA-HDHL(GA No.696295 of the EU Horizon 2020Research and Innovation Programme)"as well as the support of the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute(Technion-Israel Institute of Technology,Haifa,Israel).Ms.L.Mashiah would also like to thank the partial support of her PhD by the Israel Scholarship Education Foundation(ISEF),Special thanks are also extended to the staff of the Smoler Proteomics Center at the Technion for their support and collaboration+1 种基金Authors P.Varela and J.Skaret also wish to thank the Norwegian Fund for Research Fees for Agricultural Products(FFL)for support,through the project"Food ForFuture(314318,2021-2024)A.Sarkar andA.Araiza Calahorra acknowledge the EAT4AGE project fundings received from[Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council(BBSRC),UK:BB/V018914/1]under the umbrella of the European Joint Programming Initiative"A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life"(JPI HDHL)and of theERA-NET Cofund ERA-HDHL(GANo.696295 of the EU Horizon 2020Research and Innovation Programme).
文摘The rise in life expectancies and gap between life span and health span necessitate innovative approaches,interventions,and food solutions to secure healthy aging.This study,conducted within the framework of the EAT4AGE project of the Joint Programming InitiativeA Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life',focuses on the rational design of functional foods for older adults.A co-extruded cereal prototype,fortified with two bioactive moieties,maca root powder and olive leaf extract,aims to address nutritional gaps identified in older adults,with a particular emphasis on high-quality and highly digestible proteins.Analytical determinations reveal the cereals have rich macronutrient profile exceeding 12%(m/m)protein,20%(m/m)fat,and low sugar(<5%,m/m),surpassing commercially available products with texture analyses supporting improved hardness,reduced oral friction and oral comfort.An untrained consumer panel(n=21,age 73±5)confirmed high palatability in various metrics and overall acceptability that were also affirmed through a trained sensory panel.Lastly,the product digestion was explored through an age-tailored in vitro digestion model which consistently demonstrated high protein digestibility,surpassing 80%,across all product formulations.Further,calculation of the in vitro digestible indispensable amino acid score of the product affirms its high nutritional quality.Thus,this study underscores the potential of designing palatable foods that could help promote a balanced and sustainable diet towards healthy aging.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China[51975317].
文摘The degradation characteristics of high-purity(HP)magnesium(Mg)orthopedic implants under static and cyclic compressive loads(SCL and CCL)remain inadequately understood.This study developed an in vivo loading device capable of applying single SCL and CCL while shielding against unpredictable host movements.In vitro degradation experiments of HP Mg implants were conducted to verify the experimental protocol,and in vivo experiments in rabbit tibiae to observe the degradation characteristics of the implants.Micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscope were used for three-dimensional reconstruction and surface morphology analysis,respectively.Compared to in vitro specimens,in vivo specimens exhibited significantly higher corrosion rates and more extensive cracking.Cracks in the in vivo specimens gradually penetrated deeper from the loading surface,eventually leading to a rapid structural deterioration;whereas in vitro specimens exhibited more surface-localized cracking and a relatively uniform corrosion pattern.Compared to SCL,CCL accelerated both corrosion and cracking to some extent.These findings provide new insights into the in vivo degradation behavior of Mg-based implants under compressive loading conditions.
基金partially granted by the Hi-Ga project,which is part of the programme of the Green ERA-Hub that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No.101056828self-financed by the DINAMIC team of the UMR Herbivores(INRAE,VetAgro Sup,Saint-Genès-Champanelle,France)。
文摘Background Insect meals have been identified as innovative and sustainable feedstuffs that could be used in ruminant nutrition.However,current research on the effects that their processing may have on rumen digestibility and fatty acid(FA)biohydrogenation is scant.This trial aims to investigate the effects(i)of drying temperature of fullfat Hermetia illucens(HI)and Tenebrio molitor(TM)meals,and(ii)of residual ether extract(EE)content of defatted HI and TM meals,on their fermentation characteristics and FA of rumen digesta after 24-h in vitro rumen incubation.Methods The tested full-fat meals included four HI and four TM meals obtained applying drying temperatures ranging from 30℃ to 70℃,while the tested defatted meals consisted of five HI and two TM meals containing a residual EE content ranging from 4.7 to 19.7 g EE/100 g dry matter(DM).The applied statistical models(GLM ANOVA)tested the effects of insect species,drying temperature(full-fat meals)or EE content(defatted meals),and their interaction.Results Drying temperature had minor effects on in vitro ruminal digestibility and FA profile of rumen digesta.Irrespective of insect species,increasing the drying temperature led to a reduction of in vitro degradation of proteins from insect meals,as outlined by the significant decrease in ammonia production(-0.009 mmol/g DM and-0.126 g/100 g total N for each additional 1℃).Irrespective of insect species,defatting increased total gas,volatile fatty acids(VFA)and CH_(4) productions,and the proportions of total saturated and branched-chain FA in rumen digesta(+0.038 mmol/g DM,+0.063 mmol/g DM,+12.9μmol/g DM,+0.18 g/100 g FA,and+0.19 g/100 g FA for each reduced 1 g EE/100 g DM,respectively),and reduced the proportion of total PUFA(-0.12 g/100 g FA).Conclusions The applied drying temperatures of full-fat insect meals are too low to exert impactful effects on rumen digestibility and FA biohydrogenation.Fat lowered fermentation activity,probably because of an inhibitory effect on rumen microbiota.The increased ruminal digestibility of defatted insect meals suggests that they can be more suitable to be used in ruminant nutrition than full-fat ones.
基金Supported by Beijing University of Chinese Medicine First Class Discipline Construction:90010961020079。
文摘The ability of natural conception decreases with age,leading many advanced-age women with fertility desire begin to attempt in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)technique nowadays.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)believes that human body undergoes periodic changes corresponding to the natural rhythms.Women exhibit distinct physiological lunar rhythms of the thoroughfare vessel and the conception vessel,as well as pathological rhythms during the menstrual cycle and IVF-ET cycle.Based on the theory of TCM temporal rhythm,this paper discusses the pathogenesis characteristics of infertility in advanced-age women at different stages.It believes that acupuncture intervention should comply with the following ideas:determining main acupoints based on disease differentiation,with a preference for the acupoints on the thoroughfare vessel,the conception vessel,spleen meridian and kidney meridian,as well as the back-shu points of the liver,spleen and kidney;determining the supplementary acupoints based on syndrome differentiation and symptoms;determining the supplementary acupoints based on time differentiation of lunar rhythm of the thoroughfare vessel and the conception vessel,and integrating both reinforcing and reducing techniques.During the process of intervention,the physical and mental states were balanced simultaneously.
基金the support from the research grants by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32202051)National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1100104)the Major Project of Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Department,China(2021ZD0002)。
文摘Whole-grain foods have attracted emerging attention due to their health benefits.Whole grains are rich in bound polyphenols(BPs)linked with dietary fibers,which is largely underestimated compared with free polyphenols.In this study,in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation models were used to study the release profile and metabolism of BPs of oat bran.Significantly higher level of BPs was released during in vitro colon fermentation(3.05 mg GAE/g)than in gastrointestinal digestion(0.54 mg GAE/g).Five polyphenols were detected via LC-MS and their possible conversion pathways were speculated.Released BPs exhibited chemical antioxidant capacity.16S rRNA sequencing further revealed that Clostridium butyricum,Enterococcus faecalis,Bacteroides acidifaciens were the key bacteria involved in the release of BPs,and this was verified by whole-cell transformation.Our results helped to explain the possible mechanism of the health benefits of BPs in whole grains.
文摘The olive oil fermentation filtrate was prepared by microbial fermentation technology,and the fermentation process was optimized by orthogonal test to screen out the optimal fermentation conditions.At the same time,the effect of olive oil fermentation filtrate to promote the secretion of type I collagen (COL-I) and type VII collagen (COL-VII) by fibroblasts (HFF-1),the inhibitory effect on the secretion of alpha tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by lipopolysaccharide induced macrophages (RAW264.7),and the inhibitory effect on the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were studied through in vitro cell testing methods.The results showed that the optimal fermentation conditions of olive oil fermentation filtrate were as follows,inoculation amount was 3%,inducer amount was 2%,fermentation time was 48 h.Its efficacy can significantly promote the synthesis of COL-I and COL-VII,and significantly inhibit the content of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 as well as ROS content,it has multiple effects of firming,anti-wrinkle,soothing and antioxidant,providing scientific and effective data support for the development of cosmetic raw materials.
基金supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research,King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia,grant number KFU242733.
文摘The medicinal herb Geranium wallichianum belongs to the family Geraniaceae. The East Asian Himalayas are its primary habitat. Overexploitation and overharvesting pose a threat to this plant, given its extensive ethnomedical utilization in the community. In Pakistan, its population has already declined by over 75%. Given its critical medicinal importance, urgent conservation efforts are needed to prevent extinction. The aim of the current research was to determine the effectiveness of sucrose and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in decelerating the growth of this medicinally important species. Nodal segments were utilized as explant with varying levels of polyethylene glycol (PEG) (0.5% and 1.5%) and sucrose (4% and 8%) as treatments on different growth attributes. Over a 45-day period, PEG treatments (0.5% and 1.5%) proved more efficient compared to sucrose in suppressing in vitro growth, with reduced shoot lengths (0.92 and 0.57 cm), dry weight (0.04 and 0.02 g), and fresh weight (0.06 and 0.04 g). PEG also significantly enhanced phenolic levels (0.96 and 0.19 mg/g) and soluble sugars (4.07 and 4.12 mg/g) while reducing total protein level (2.38 and 2.32 mg/g) and total chlorophyll content (0.17 and 0.14 mg/g). The Pearson correlation analysis showed a negative association between phenolic levels and total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b. The length of the shoot had a negative relationship with phenolic level but a positive relationship with both fresh and dry weight. The principal component analysis revealed that total sugars and phenolics that were grouped separately from other variables led to stronger responses to osmotic stress. These outcomes suggested that higher PEG was successful in reducing in vitro growth throughout short-term preservation in comparison to sucrose. The outcomes of this research could be applied for the in vitro conservation of medical plants in the future.
文摘The development and improvement of tracheal stents,as an effective treatment for respiratory diseases such as tracheal stenosis and tracheal collapse,has been a hot topic in the field of medical engineering.In vitro testing and animal experiments are key steps in evaluating the performance and safety of tracheal stents.This paper reviews the in vitro testing methods,animal experimental models,current research status,and future directions of tracheal stents,aiming to provide research directions for the development and in vitro and in vivo testing of tracheal stents.
基金Project(2012CB619102) supported by National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(31070847) supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Extensive in vitro corrosion test systems have been carried out to simulate the in vivo corrosion behavior of biodegradable metallic materials. Various methods have their own unique benefits and limitations. The corrosion mechanism of biodegradable alloys and in vitro corrosion test systems on biodegradable metallic materials are reviewed, to build a reasonable simulated in vitro test system for mimicking the in vivo animal test from the aspects of electrolyte solution selection, surface roughness influence, test methods and evaluation methodology of corrosion rate. Buffered simulated body fluid containing similar components to human blood plasma should be applied as electrolyte solution, such as simulated body fluid （SBF） and culture medium with serum. Surface roughness of samples and ratio of solution volume to sample surface area should be adopted based on the real implant situation, and the dynamic corrosion is preferred. As to the evaluation methodology of corrosion rate, different methods may complement one another.
