Intraspecific conflict induced by the innate aggressiveness is one of the main reasons for the extremely low survival rate in mud crab Scylla paramamosain aquaculture,which have impeded the sustainable culture of the ...Intraspecific conflict induced by the innate aggressiveness is one of the main reasons for the extremely low survival rate in mud crab Scylla paramamosain aquaculture,which have impeded the sustainable culture of the species.In this study,we first classified and quantified the aggressive behavior,and established a crab aggressive behavior model,laying the foundation for subsequent research on evaluating combat intensity.The contents of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),dopamine(DA),and cAMP in the hemolymph of the mud crabs before and after fighting were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS),and the mud crabs exhibited a significant increase of 5-HT(P<0.05),while the DA and cAMP decreased significantly(P<0.05).In addition,we applied EthoVision to examine the changes of the crab behavior after DA administration.After 0.5 h of injection,the movement speed,distance,duration of aggressive behavior,and intensity of aggression in the high concentration DA group were significantly higher than those in the saline injection group and the untreated control group(P<0.05).The results of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT PCR)analysis showed that the expression of DA 1 in the thoracic ganglia of the mud crabs was significantly down-regulated in the DA injection group,and the aggressive behavior was weakened.Conversely,DA1 expression was up-regulated when aggressive behavior was strengthened.Besides,there were significant differences in the expression levels of receptor expression genes including 5-HT1,5-HT2,and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone(CHH)in different tissues,indicating that the alteration of aggressive behavior of the mud crab after injection with different concentrations of DA could be regulated by changes in the expression levels of corresponding receptor genes.Our results contribute to a deeper analysis of the aggressive behavior mechanism of the mud crabs and provide a theoretical basis for reducing fighting-related mortalities in aquaculture.展开更多
BACKGROUND Depression is a prevalent mental health disorder with significant impacts on individuals and families.We hypothesize that combining family cognitive therapy(FCT)with pharmacotherapy will be more effective i...BACKGROUND Depression is a prevalent mental health disorder with significant impacts on individuals and families.We hypothesize that combining family cognitive therapy(FCT)with pharmacotherapy will be more effective in managing depression and improving family dynamics than pharmacotherapy alone.AIM To investigate the effects of FCT combined with sertraline on depression,aggressive behavior,and family functioning in patients with major depressive disorder(MDD).METHODS This study involved 178 patients diagnosed with MDD at the Shaoxing 7th People's Hospital from January 2022 to April 2024.Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they received FCT.FCT included both patientfocused cognitive therapy and family-focused psychological guidance over a 12-week period.RESULTS The observation group receiving combined treatment showed significantly greater reductions in depressive symptoms(Beck Depression Inventory scores:27.4±4.7 to 18.6±5.2)compared to the control group(28.1±5.5 to 20.9±4.9),with P=0.031 for the difference between groups.Improvements in family functioning and marital quality were also observed,with P<0.001 for key dimensions on the Family Assessment Device and Enrich Marital Scale.CONCLUSION The combination of FCT with sertraline effectively reduces depressive symptoms and improves family dynamics in patients with MDD.展开更多
Stress studies frequently utilize physical stressors to establish animal models of stress. In the majority of cases, these models are not consistent with human circumstances. The present study simulated a social isola...Stress studies frequently utilize physical stressors to establish animal models of stress. In the majority of cases, these models are not consistent with human circumstances. The present study simulated a social isolation plus resident intruder stress model in the rat. The rats were subjected to daily social isolation and resident intruder stress for 2 weeks. Behaviors were then tested. Rats subjected to social stress exhibited different aggressive behavior styles; some rats had greater scores on composite aggression behaviors, as well as locomotor and exploratory activity, but lower scores on latency than others. The high-aggressive group exhibited predominantly anger-out, while the low-aggressive group exhibited anger-in. Results suggest that social isolation plus resident intruder may serve as an appropriate model for anger-in and anger-out emotion modeling in the rat.展开更多
Objective To explore the endocfinal factors which influence the aggressive behavior of adolescents. Methods The levels of cortisol （CORT）, testosterone （T）, prolactin （PRL）, and growth hormone （GH） in saliva f...Objective To explore the endocfinal factors which influence the aggressive behavior of adolescents. Methods The levels of cortisol （CORT）, testosterone （T）, prolactin （PRL）, and growth hormone （GH） in saliva from 20 aggressive students and 20 non-aggressive control students were measured by radioimmunoassay （RIA）. The students were matched for their gender, age, grade, stage of pubertal development, and economic status of their families. Results The salivary T levels were 22.20±14.50 pg/mL and 19.54±12.52 pg/mL in aggressive male and female students, 13.20±6.85 pg/mL and 5.24±3.03 pg/mL in non-aggressive male and female students （P〈0.05）. The male aggressive students had a lower level of CORT in saliva than non-aggressive male students （P〈0.05）. There were no significant differences in the salivary levels of PRL or GH between the aggressive and non-aggressive groups. Correlation analysis revealed a negative relationship in male students between the salivary CORT levels and the aggression factor scores of the child behavior checklist （CBCL）. In addition, the data also showed a positive relationship between the salivary T levels and the aggression factor scores of CBCL in female students. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the salivary CORT level was an independent predictive factor for aggressive behaviors in adolescent boys. The higher the CORT level, the less aggressive the boys were. Conclusion CORT and T levels may play a certain role in adolescent aggressive behaviors.展开更多
The microstructure and corrosion behavior of Al-Zn-Mg alloy(namely 7×××)after natural aging treatment(NAT)and artificial aging treatment(AAT)in aqueous NaCl solutions containing different aggressive ion...The microstructure and corrosion behavior of Al-Zn-Mg alloy(namely 7×××)after natural aging treatment(NAT)and artificial aging treatment(AAT)in aqueous NaCl solutions containing different aggressive ions have been investigated in current work.Results of microstructure characterization demonstrate that the aging treatment has a great influence on the grain size and precipitates.The grain size is relatively sizeable and no evident precipitates are observed in alloy after NAT comparable with that after AAT.The electrochemical corrosion behavior of alloy was studied by polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The corrosion potential(E_(corr))of the aluminum alloy is more negative in 3.5 wt.%NaCl containing 0.052 wt.%NaHSO_(3)solution than that in 3.5 wt.%NaCl solutions with or without 0.907 wt.%NaHCO_(3).Charge transfer resistance(Rct)results reveal that alloy after AAT has an enhancement of corrosion resistance compare with that after NAT.With the immersion time increasing,mostly pitting spreads over the surface of the alloy only in NaCl solution,whereas exfoliation corrosion mainly occurs in NaCl solutions containing NaHSO_(3)or NaHCO_(3).展开更多
In order to identify family factors obviously relevant to aggression, and offer a theoretical foundation for the prevention of aggression, 4010 students from primary and secondary schools in 5 different areas in Hubei...In order to identify family factors obviously relevant to aggression, and offer a theoretical foundation for the prevention of aggression, 4010 students from primary and secondary schools in 5 different areas in Hubei province were surveyed. The Child Behavior Checklist ＂ parents＂ form＂ （Chinese version） and the four scales of Family Environment Scale were used. A multiple logistic regression was used to identify risk factors of children＇s and adolescents＂ aggressive behavior. The results showed that maternal education, paternal occupation, family type, parental child-rearing attitude and patterns, students＂ interpersonal relationship were significantly associated with the childreffs and adolescents＂ aggression. The risk factors of aggression were parental child-rearing patterns, peer relationship, teacher-student relationship, and family conflicts.展开更多
Background Accumulating evidence from human trials and rodent studies has indicated that modulation of gut microbiota affects host physiological homeostasis and behavioral characteristics.Similarly,alterations in gut ...Background Accumulating evidence from human trials and rodent studies has indicated that modulation of gut microbiota affects host physiological homeostasis and behavioral characteristics.Similarly,alterations in gut micro-biota could be a feasible strategy for reducing aggressive behavior and improving health in chickens.The study was conducted to determine the effects of early-life cecal microbiota transplantation(CMT)on cecal microbial composi-tion,brain serotonergic activity,and aggressive behavior of recipient chickens.Methods Chicken lines 63 and 72 with nonaggressive and aggressive behavior,respectively,were used as donors and a commercial strain Dekalb XL was used as recipients for CMT.Eighty-four 1-d-old male chicks were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments with 7 cages per treatment and 4 chickens per cage(n=7):saline(control,CTRL),cecal solution of line 6_(3)(6_(3)-CMT),and cecal solution of line 7_(2)(7_(2)-CMT).Transplantation was conducted via oral gavage once daily from d 1 to 10,and then boosted once weekly from week 3 to 5.At weeks 5 and 16,home-cage behavior was recorded,and chickens with similar body weights were assigned to paired aggression tests between the treat-ments.Samples of blood,brain,and cecal content were collected from the post-tested chickens to detect CMT-induced biological and microbiota changes.Results 63-CMT chickens displayed less aggressive behavior with a higher hypothalamic serotonergic activity at week 5.Correspondingly,two amplicon sequence variants(ASVs)belonging to Lachnospiraceae and one Ruminococ-caceae UCG-005 ASV were positively correlated with the levels of brain tryptophan and serotonin,respectively.7_(2)-CMT chickens had lower levels of brain norepinephrine and dopamine at week 5 with higher levels of plasma serotonin and tryptophan at week 16.ASVs belonging to Mollicutes RF39 and GCA-900066225 in 7_(2)-CMT chickens were nega-tively correlated with the brain 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA)at week 5,and one Bacteroides ASV was negatively correlated with plasma serotonin at week 16.Conclusion Results indicate that CMT at an early age could regulate aggressive behavior via modulating the cecal microbial composition,together with central serotonergic and catecholaminergic systems in recipient chickens.The selected CMT could be a novel strategy for reducing aggressive behavior through regulating signaling along the microbiota-gut-brain axis.展开更多
Behavioral problems have a high rate in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy but there have been few detailed reports about pediatric patients. We report two children with temporal lobe epilepsy who manifest behavior ...Behavioral problems have a high rate in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy but there have been few detailed reports about pediatric patients. We report two children with temporal lobe epilepsy who manifest behavior abnormality remaining after surgery. One child developed complex partial seizures at 10 years and 3 months of age caused by a left temporal ganglioglioma and manifested behavioral problems of lability, aggression, impulsivity and disinhibition. Seizures were relieved after temporal lobe resection at 10 years and 8 months of age but behavioral symptoms had been remained. The second child developed epilepsy at 3 years of age. He manifested similar behavioral problems at 7 years old. Seizures were relieved after temporal lobe resection at 13 years old but behavioral symptoms had been remained. Their courses suggested that aggressive behavior might be associated with not only temporal lesion but also other lesions such as frontal lobe or neural circuitry between both lobes. It is important to inform families of patients that behavioral disorders may not improve after epileptic surgery.展开更多
Serotonin 5-HT2A receptors are playing an important role in the pathophysiology of aggressive behaviors and in the control of immune function. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of activation and blockade o...Serotonin 5-HT2A receptors are playing an important role in the pathophysiology of aggressive behaviors and in the control of immune function. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of activation and blockade of 5-HT2A receptors with selective ligands on the immune response formation in animals with aggressive behaviors induced by genetic factors (rats selected for the increased aggressiveness toward human) or by chronic social stress (mice of the CBA/Lac strain engaged in 10 days of social confrontations). Activation of 5-HT2A receptors with DOI at 1.0 mg/kg reduced the immune response level both in aggressive rats and mice compared to the corresponding vehicle-treated groups, while DOI administration did not alter the immune reaction in nonaggressive animals. The blockade of 5-HT2A receptors with ketanserin at 1.0 mg/kg resulted in immunostimulation both in mice of the CBA strain not subjected to social stress (the controls) and in nonaggressive rats selected for elimination of aggressiveness. On the other hand, its administration to CBA mice demonstrating offensive aggression enhanced the immune reaction, while the same dose of ketanserin did not modify the immune response level in rats with genetic predisposition to the increased defensive aggression. Thus, our data suggest that the role of 5-HT2A receptors in immunomodulation depends on the specific type of aggression that may be taking into account in the treatment of some neuropsychiatric disorders with the antipsychotic drugs and antidepressants targeting 5-HT2A receptors.展开更多
Cats placed in the situation of a choosing between a high-value time-delayed and a low-value immediate food rewards elected to wait for the preferred reward or to obtain the worse reward quickly. On the basis of the s...Cats placed in the situation of a choosing between a high-value time-delayed and a low-value immediate food rewards elected to wait for the preferred reward or to obtain the worse reward quickly. On the basis of the selected behavior strategy the cats were classified into three groups - self-control ones, choosing predominantly a delayed high-value food reward, impulsive, choosing predominantly an immediate low-value food reward, and ambivalent - with mixed types of reactions. The correlated firing between simultaneously recorded neurons in prefrontal cortex (PFC), n. accumbens (NAcb) and dorsomedial striatum (DMStr) during choice behavior task was studied. It was revealed that a total number of NAcb functional neuron interactions at cats showing self-control reactions exceeded that of observed at ambivalent and impulsive cats. The number of PFC and DMStr functional correlated firing at impulsive and ambivalent cats was more significant than at cats capable to self-control. Observed correlated firing between PFC and NAcb neurons (fronto-accumbal interactions) progressively increased with the shift of behavior to impulsiveness and decreased with self-control behavior. Our results demonstrate that performance of impulsive and self-control behavior alters the correlation structure of neural firing in PFC, NAcb, DMStr and suggest the key role of local PFC, NAcb, DMStr networks in realization of choice behavior.展开更多
Objective: to analyze the application value of targeted nursing. Methods: 90 patients with mania in our hospital were selected as the research object, from September 2020 to September 2021. All patients were divided i...Objective: to analyze the application value of targeted nursing. Methods: 90 patients with mania in our hospital were selected as the research object, from September 2020 to September 2021. All patients were divided into the reference group (receiving routine care) and the research group (receiving targeted care) with 45 patients in each group by randomly selecting color balls. Compliance, risk factors, bad mood, aggressive behavior and family satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results: the patients' compliance and family satisfaction in the research group were significantly higher than those in the reference group (P < 0.05), the SAS and SDS scores were significantly lower than those in the reference group (P < 0.05), and the BRMS scores were significantly lower than those in the reference group (P < 0.05). The main risk factors of aggressive behavior in manic patients included social interest, social ability and psychiatric performance. The patients in the research group had a lower risk after nursing. Conclusion: targeted nursing has a high application value. By analyzing the causes of the disease and giving nursing intervention, it can effectively improve the negative emotions of manic patients, improve patients' compliance with nursing work, and obtain a satisfactory nursing effect. It has promotion value.展开更多
Suicide risk constitutes a complex set of interacting demographic, clinical, psychobiological and environmental variables. Impulsivity is a long-known risk factor for suicide attempts. However, research based on clear...Suicide risk constitutes a complex set of interacting demographic, clinical, psychobiological and environmental variables. Impulsivity is a long-known risk factor for suicide attempts. However, research based on clearer conceptual refinement in this area is imperative. One emerging field of study is that of decision-making. Impulsivity involves a failure of higher-order control, including decision-making. Using standardized operational definitions that take into consideration relevant aspects of impulsivity, including state- and trait-components and a deeper understanding of the process of decision-making in the suicidal mind, we may come a step closer to understanding suicidality and winning the fight in this scourge of human suffering.展开更多
“People spend 46.9%of their waking hours thinking about something else other than what they are doing and this mind-wandering typically makes them unhappy”(Killingsworth&Gilbert,2010).An antidote to this mind-wa...“People spend 46.9%of their waking hours thinking about something else other than what they are doing and this mind-wandering typically makes them unhappy”(Killingsworth&Gilbert,2010).An antidote to this mind-wandering is“Mindfulness”;derived from ancient Buddhist tradition it refers to an open and non-judgmental form of awareness that is centered on present moment experiences considering both internal and external environment(Kabat-Zinn,2003).Existing research suggests mindfulness increases self-regulation of attention and self-control(Razza et al.,2015;Panek,Bayer,Cin,&Campbell,2015).Past research has also suggested mindfulness as a long-term solution to obesity and over-eating(Herpel et al.,2015;Bahl,Milne,Ross,&Chan,2013).This research suggests mindfulness as a way of improving self-control among consumers and contributes to making a more discerning customer.In my research,I suggest mindfulness as a way to improve self-control and reduce the susceptibility of a consumer to advertising effects,promotion price effects,and impulse buying behavior.We also suggest mindfulness as an intervention to reduce the over-spending problem in consumers.Elaboration likelihood model of persuasion(ELM)forms the theoretical basis of our research.ELM suggests two ways of information processing,central route,and peripheral route.In central route processing,customer evaluates communication by the logic of the argument presented.In peripheral processing,customer relies on peripherals like the attractiveness of source of information and other such peripherals to process information(Petty&Cacioppo,1984).The mindful customer is more likely to use central route than the peripheral route of information processing(Schramm&Hu,2014;Dong&Brunel,2006;Panek et al.,2015).Due to the difference in information processing,the mindful customer may not be influenced by peripheral cues of marketing like advertising and price promotions.We examine the differential effects of mindfulness vs.non-mindful consumers’response to marketing messages,through a series of experiments.This research also suggests mindfulness as a way to protect consumers against marketing enticements and improve their self-control against the harmful behavior of impulsive buying and overspending.The research also has implications for improving general happiness in the consumer.Since past research suggests,mind wandering leads to unhappiness in people(Mathew et al.,2010).展开更多
A case-control study was conducted to investigate associations between organophosphate pesticide（OP）exposure,aggression,impulsivity,and attempted suicide.Questionnaires were used to collect information;impulsivity a...A case-control study was conducted to investigate associations between organophosphate pesticide（OP）exposure,aggression,impulsivity,and attempted suicide.Questionnaires were used to collect information;impulsivity and aggression were measured by the Barratt Impulsivity Scale（BIS）and the Aggression Inventory（AI）.展开更多
The present study examines the effects of serotonin (5-HT) 1A receptor ligands on humoral im-mune response in two rat lines selected for over 75 generations for the enhancement or elimination of aggression. Activation...The present study examines the effects of serotonin (5-HT) 1A receptor ligands on humoral im-mune response in two rat lines selected for over 75 generations for the enhancement or elimination of aggression. Activation of presynaptic 5-HT1A receptors with a low dose of the selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT (0.1 mg/kg) or the blockade of postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors with the antagonist WAY-100635 (1.0 mg/kg) did not affect the numbers of IgM-antibody forming cells (IgM-AFC) in the spleen of highly aggressive rats, which were characterized by higher immune responsiveness compared to nonaggressive line. On the other hand, the same doses of 8-OH-DPAT and WAY-100635, as well as a higher dose of 8-OH-DPAT (1.0 mg/kg), which is known to activate postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors, produce immunostimulation in nonaggressive rats. However, only the highest dose of 8-OH-DPAT (5.0 mg/kg) was able to cause immunosuppression in nonaggressive rats that was mainly dependent on stimulation of postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors. In contrast to nonaggressive rats, the dose of 1.0 mg/kg 8-OH-DPAT was sufficient to produce a decrease in the numbers of IgM-AFC in highly aggressive rats. Thus, pharmacological activation of pre- and postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors, as well as the blockade of postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors, produced different effects on the immune response in two lines of rats selected for high level of aggression or its absence. These data may have implications for more efficient treatments of a number of mental disorders associated with abnormal aggression.展开更多
Evidence is growing that aggressive behavior and impulsivity have subgroups. The subscales of the Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance and Sensation seeking (UPPS) impulsivity scale and the Bryant and Smith shortened ...Evidence is growing that aggressive behavior and impulsivity have subgroups. The subscales of the Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance and Sensation seeking (UPPS) impulsivity scale and the Bryant and Smith shortened and refined version of the Aggression Questionnaire were used to describe and compare impulsive and aggressive behavior in extremely violent and aggressive male inmates and non-violent healthy male controls. The Mann-Whitney test showed that there was a significant difference (p < 0. 006) in the total UPPS impulsivity scale scores between the aggressive inmates and the controls. The subscales revealed that this difference was based mainly on the urgency score (p < 0. 003). On the aggression subscales, the inmates scored significantly higher for physical aggression than the controls (p < 0.001), but no significant difference was seen between inmates and controls for verbal aggression, anger and hostility, although the exact p-value was very close to statistical significance at 0.054. Regression analysis revealed a strong relationship between urgency and the aggression subscales hostility (p = 0.0004) and anger (p = 0.003) and that urgency was also linked to symptoms of anxiety (p = 0.008). Finally, a statistically significant link was found between both hostility (p = 0.0003) and anger (p = 0.002) and symptoms of anxiety. The highly selected subgroup of extremely violent criminals in this study were more physically aggressive than non-violent controls, with urgency as the driving feature in their impulsive behavior, and hostility, anger and symptoms of anxiety as underlying traits.展开更多
Purpose: Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and impulse control disorders (ICDs) are common in subjects with Parkinson’s disease. The association between these two conditions has been contradictory. The...Purpose: Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and impulse control disorders (ICDs) are common in subjects with Parkinson’s disease. The association between these two conditions has been contradictory. The aim of this study is to analyze the association between these two non-motor symptoms. Methods: Consecutive subjects with Parkinson’s disease attending the Movement Disorders Outpatient Clinic were included. The presence of ICDs was assessed using the Questionnaire for Impulse Control Disorders Rating Scale. RBD was diagnosed by an overnight, single night polysomnography. Results: Fifty-five consecutive subjects with Parkinson’s disease were included. The prevalence of ICDs and related behaviors was 23.6% (ICD in 14.5% and related behaviors in 9.1%). RBD was diagnosed in 47.2% of the patients. No differences were found in the frequency of ICDs and related behaviors when comparing subjects with and without RBD (23% versus 24.1%, p = 0.926, respectively). Conclusion: No association between the presence of RBD and the frequency of ICDs in subjects with Parkinson’s disease was found.展开更多
No study has been conducted to determine the relationship between RTC （road traffic crashes） and depression, anxiety and stress scale （DASS-21）, tiredness, fatigues and sleeping. The aim of the present study was t...No study has been conducted to determine the relationship between RTC （road traffic crashes） and depression, anxiety and stress scale （DASS-21）, tiredness, fatigues and sleeping. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of aggressive driver behaviour, fatigue and sleeping on RTC comparison between commercial taxi and minibus/van/pick-up cars drivers. A cross-sectional study included a representative sample of 2,300 drivers of which 1,786 drivers （77.6%） agreed to participate. The Manchester DBQ （Driver Behaviour Questionnaire） was used to measure the aberrant driving behaviours leading to accidents. The study is based on the measurement using the depression anxiety stress scales （DASS-21）. Participants completed a DASS-21 questionnaire with items related to socio-demographic information, BMI （body mass index）, driving experience, fatigue, sleeping, adherence to traffic laws （including speed limits and wearing seat belt）, and drivers＇ driving records. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed. In a representative sampling, the age distribution of the participants ranged from 25 to 65 years with the mean age 38.3±10.2 and the mean annual mileage （km） per month was 14,587±1,741 （p 〈 0.001）. There was a significant difference found between both group minibus/van/pick-up and commercial taxi drivers regarding of their age group （p 〈 0.001）, education （p = 0.003）, history of accident （p = 0.003）, seat belt use （p = 0.022） time of accident （p = 0.005）; crossing red light （p 〈 0.001）, excessive speed limits （p = 0.002）, BMI group （p = 0.022）, physical activity （p = 0.003）, annual mileage in km （p 〈 0.001）, number of working days （p = 0.010） and hours （p = 0.030）; number of sleeping hours （p = 0.025）, CD music listening （p = 0.010）, mobile phone use （p = 0.001）, soft drinking （p = 0.002） and cigarette smoking habit （p 〈 0.001）. When the history of RTC was assessed, minibus/van/pick-ups were more likely to be involved in accidents compared to commercial taxi drivers and there was a highly statistically significant difference between both groups. Furthermore, minibus/van/pick-up drivers have more sleeping disorders and fatigue severity compared to commercial taxi drivers. This study revealed that minibus/van/pick-up drivers exhibited more depression, anxiety and stress symptoms compared to commercial taxi drivers. DASS-21 variables were found to contribute significantly to the explanation of the RTC involvement rate. Chronic fatigue and acute sleepiness, and overtime or heavy work-load on car drivers significantly increases the risk of a car crash which a car occupant can be injured or killed. Reductions in RTC may be achieved if fewer people drive when they have fatigue or are sleepy or have been deprived of sleep or drive during rush hours.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFD2401005)the Key R&D Program of Ningbo(No.2022Z059)the K.C.Wong Magna Fund of Ningbo University。
文摘Intraspecific conflict induced by the innate aggressiveness is one of the main reasons for the extremely low survival rate in mud crab Scylla paramamosain aquaculture,which have impeded the sustainable culture of the species.In this study,we first classified and quantified the aggressive behavior,and established a crab aggressive behavior model,laying the foundation for subsequent research on evaluating combat intensity.The contents of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),dopamine(DA),and cAMP in the hemolymph of the mud crabs before and after fighting were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS),and the mud crabs exhibited a significant increase of 5-HT(P<0.05),while the DA and cAMP decreased significantly(P<0.05).In addition,we applied EthoVision to examine the changes of the crab behavior after DA administration.After 0.5 h of injection,the movement speed,distance,duration of aggressive behavior,and intensity of aggression in the high concentration DA group were significantly higher than those in the saline injection group and the untreated control group(P<0.05).The results of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT PCR)analysis showed that the expression of DA 1 in the thoracic ganglia of the mud crabs was significantly down-regulated in the DA injection group,and the aggressive behavior was weakened.Conversely,DA1 expression was up-regulated when aggressive behavior was strengthened.Besides,there were significant differences in the expression levels of receptor expression genes including 5-HT1,5-HT2,and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone(CHH)in different tissues,indicating that the alteration of aggressive behavior of the mud crab after injection with different concentrations of DA could be regulated by changes in the expression levels of corresponding receptor genes.Our results contribute to a deeper analysis of the aggressive behavior mechanism of the mud crabs and provide a theoretical basis for reducing fighting-related mortalities in aquaculture.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Province Medical and Health Science and Technology Program,No.2024KY1735.
文摘BACKGROUND Depression is a prevalent mental health disorder with significant impacts on individuals and families.We hypothesize that combining family cognitive therapy(FCT)with pharmacotherapy will be more effective in managing depression and improving family dynamics than pharmacotherapy alone.AIM To investigate the effects of FCT combined with sertraline on depression,aggressive behavior,and family functioning in patients with major depressive disorder(MDD).METHODS This study involved 178 patients diagnosed with MDD at the Shaoxing 7th People's Hospital from January 2022 to April 2024.Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they received FCT.FCT included both patientfocused cognitive therapy and family-focused psychological guidance over a 12-week period.RESULTS The observation group receiving combined treatment showed significantly greater reductions in depressive symptoms(Beck Depression Inventory scores:27.4±4.7 to 18.6±5.2)compared to the control group(28.1±5.5 to 20.9±4.9),with P=0.031 for the difference between groups.Improvements in family functioning and marital quality were also observed,with P<0.001 for key dimensions on the Family Assessment Device and Enrich Marital Scale.CONCLUSION The combination of FCT with sertraline effectively reduces depressive symptoms and improves family dynamics in patients with MDD.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30973688the National Program of Key Basic Research Project(973Program),No.2006CB504804
文摘Stress studies frequently utilize physical stressors to establish animal models of stress. In the majority of cases, these models are not consistent with human circumstances. The present study simulated a social isolation plus resident intruder stress model in the rat. The rats were subjected to daily social isolation and resident intruder stress for 2 weeks. Behaviors were then tested. Rats subjected to social stress exhibited different aggressive behavior styles; some rats had greater scores on composite aggression behaviors, as well as locomotor and exploratory activity, but lower scores on latency than others. The high-aggressive group exhibited predominantly anger-out, while the low-aggressive group exhibited anger-in. Results suggest that social isolation plus resident intruder may serve as an appropriate model for anger-in and anger-out emotion modeling in the rat.
基金supported by Health Department of Hubei Province(No.JX1B161).
文摘Objective To explore the endocfinal factors which influence the aggressive behavior of adolescents. Methods The levels of cortisol （CORT）, testosterone （T）, prolactin （PRL）, and growth hormone （GH） in saliva from 20 aggressive students and 20 non-aggressive control students were measured by radioimmunoassay （RIA）. The students were matched for their gender, age, grade, stage of pubertal development, and economic status of their families. Results The salivary T levels were 22.20±14.50 pg/mL and 19.54±12.52 pg/mL in aggressive male and female students, 13.20±6.85 pg/mL and 5.24±3.03 pg/mL in non-aggressive male and female students （P〈0.05）. The male aggressive students had a lower level of CORT in saliva than non-aggressive male students （P〈0.05）. There were no significant differences in the salivary levels of PRL or GH between the aggressive and non-aggressive groups. Correlation analysis revealed a negative relationship in male students between the salivary CORT levels and the aggression factor scores of the child behavior checklist （CBCL）. In addition, the data also showed a positive relationship between the salivary T levels and the aggression factor scores of CBCL in female students. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the salivary CORT level was an independent predictive factor for aggressive behaviors in adolescent boys. The higher the CORT level, the less aggressive the boys were. Conclusion CORT and T levels may play a certain role in adolescent aggressive behaviors.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFB0702302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51771174)the National Materials Corrosion and Protection Data Center。
文摘The microstructure and corrosion behavior of Al-Zn-Mg alloy(namely 7×××)after natural aging treatment(NAT)and artificial aging treatment(AAT)in aqueous NaCl solutions containing different aggressive ions have been investigated in current work.Results of microstructure characterization demonstrate that the aging treatment has a great influence on the grain size and precipitates.The grain size is relatively sizeable and no evident precipitates are observed in alloy after NAT comparable with that after AAT.The electrochemical corrosion behavior of alloy was studied by polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The corrosion potential(E_(corr))of the aluminum alloy is more negative in 3.5 wt.%NaCl containing 0.052 wt.%NaHSO_(3)solution than that in 3.5 wt.%NaCl solutions with or without 0.907 wt.%NaHCO_(3).Charge transfer resistance(Rct)results reveal that alloy after AAT has an enhancement of corrosion resistance compare with that after NAT.With the immersion time increasing,mostly pitting spreads over the surface of the alloy only in NaCl solution,whereas exfoliation corrosion mainly occurs in NaCl solutions containing NaHSO_(3)or NaHCO_(3).
文摘In order to identify family factors obviously relevant to aggression, and offer a theoretical foundation for the prevention of aggression, 4010 students from primary and secondary schools in 5 different areas in Hubei province were surveyed. The Child Behavior Checklist ＂ parents＂ form＂ （Chinese version） and the four scales of Family Environment Scale were used. A multiple logistic regression was used to identify risk factors of children＇s and adolescents＂ aggressive behavior. The results showed that maternal education, paternal occupation, family type, parental child-rearing attitude and patterns, students＂ interpersonal relationship were significantly associated with the childreffs and adolescents＂ aggression. The risk factors of aggression were parental child-rearing patterns, peer relationship, teacher-student relationship, and family conflicts.
基金supported by the grant award(No:2017–67015-26567)of the NIFA-AFRI,USDA.
文摘Background Accumulating evidence from human trials and rodent studies has indicated that modulation of gut microbiota affects host physiological homeostasis and behavioral characteristics.Similarly,alterations in gut micro-biota could be a feasible strategy for reducing aggressive behavior and improving health in chickens.The study was conducted to determine the effects of early-life cecal microbiota transplantation(CMT)on cecal microbial composi-tion,brain serotonergic activity,and aggressive behavior of recipient chickens.Methods Chicken lines 63 and 72 with nonaggressive and aggressive behavior,respectively,were used as donors and a commercial strain Dekalb XL was used as recipients for CMT.Eighty-four 1-d-old male chicks were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments with 7 cages per treatment and 4 chickens per cage(n=7):saline(control,CTRL),cecal solution of line 6_(3)(6_(3)-CMT),and cecal solution of line 7_(2)(7_(2)-CMT).Transplantation was conducted via oral gavage once daily from d 1 to 10,and then boosted once weekly from week 3 to 5.At weeks 5 and 16,home-cage behavior was recorded,and chickens with similar body weights were assigned to paired aggression tests between the treat-ments.Samples of blood,brain,and cecal content were collected from the post-tested chickens to detect CMT-induced biological and microbiota changes.Results 63-CMT chickens displayed less aggressive behavior with a higher hypothalamic serotonergic activity at week 5.Correspondingly,two amplicon sequence variants(ASVs)belonging to Lachnospiraceae and one Ruminococ-caceae UCG-005 ASV were positively correlated with the levels of brain tryptophan and serotonin,respectively.7_(2)-CMT chickens had lower levels of brain norepinephrine and dopamine at week 5 with higher levels of plasma serotonin and tryptophan at week 16.ASVs belonging to Mollicutes RF39 and GCA-900066225 in 7_(2)-CMT chickens were nega-tively correlated with the brain 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA)at week 5,and one Bacteroides ASV was negatively correlated with plasma serotonin at week 16.Conclusion Results indicate that CMT at an early age could regulate aggressive behavior via modulating the cecal microbial composition,together with central serotonergic and catecholaminergic systems in recipient chickens.The selected CMT could be a novel strategy for reducing aggressive behavior through regulating signaling along the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
文摘Behavioral problems have a high rate in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy but there have been few detailed reports about pediatric patients. We report two children with temporal lobe epilepsy who manifest behavior abnormality remaining after surgery. One child developed complex partial seizures at 10 years and 3 months of age caused by a left temporal ganglioglioma and manifested behavioral problems of lability, aggression, impulsivity and disinhibition. Seizures were relieved after temporal lobe resection at 10 years and 8 months of age but behavioral symptoms had been remained. The second child developed epilepsy at 3 years of age. He manifested similar behavioral problems at 7 years old. Seizures were relieved after temporal lobe resection at 13 years old but behavioral symptoms had been remained. Their courses suggested that aggressive behavior might be associated with not only temporal lesion but also other lesions such as frontal lobe or neural circuitry between both lobes. It is important to inform families of patients that behavioral disorders may not improve after epileptic surgery.
文摘Serotonin 5-HT2A receptors are playing an important role in the pathophysiology of aggressive behaviors and in the control of immune function. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of activation and blockade of 5-HT2A receptors with selective ligands on the immune response formation in animals with aggressive behaviors induced by genetic factors (rats selected for the increased aggressiveness toward human) or by chronic social stress (mice of the CBA/Lac strain engaged in 10 days of social confrontations). Activation of 5-HT2A receptors with DOI at 1.0 mg/kg reduced the immune response level both in aggressive rats and mice compared to the corresponding vehicle-treated groups, while DOI administration did not alter the immune reaction in nonaggressive animals. The blockade of 5-HT2A receptors with ketanserin at 1.0 mg/kg resulted in immunostimulation both in mice of the CBA strain not subjected to social stress (the controls) and in nonaggressive rats selected for elimination of aggressiveness. On the other hand, its administration to CBA mice demonstrating offensive aggression enhanced the immune reaction, while the same dose of ketanserin did not modify the immune response level in rats with genetic predisposition to the increased defensive aggression. Thus, our data suggest that the role of 5-HT2A receptors in immunomodulation depends on the specific type of aggression that may be taking into account in the treatment of some neuropsychiatric disorders with the antipsychotic drugs and antidepressants targeting 5-HT2A receptors.
文摘Cats placed in the situation of a choosing between a high-value time-delayed and a low-value immediate food rewards elected to wait for the preferred reward or to obtain the worse reward quickly. On the basis of the selected behavior strategy the cats were classified into three groups - self-control ones, choosing predominantly a delayed high-value food reward, impulsive, choosing predominantly an immediate low-value food reward, and ambivalent - with mixed types of reactions. The correlated firing between simultaneously recorded neurons in prefrontal cortex (PFC), n. accumbens (NAcb) and dorsomedial striatum (DMStr) during choice behavior task was studied. It was revealed that a total number of NAcb functional neuron interactions at cats showing self-control reactions exceeded that of observed at ambivalent and impulsive cats. The number of PFC and DMStr functional correlated firing at impulsive and ambivalent cats was more significant than at cats capable to self-control. Observed correlated firing between PFC and NAcb neurons (fronto-accumbal interactions) progressively increased with the shift of behavior to impulsiveness and decreased with self-control behavior. Our results demonstrate that performance of impulsive and self-control behavior alters the correlation structure of neural firing in PFC, NAcb, DMStr and suggest the key role of local PFC, NAcb, DMStr networks in realization of choice behavior.
文摘Objective: to analyze the application value of targeted nursing. Methods: 90 patients with mania in our hospital were selected as the research object, from September 2020 to September 2021. All patients were divided into the reference group (receiving routine care) and the research group (receiving targeted care) with 45 patients in each group by randomly selecting color balls. Compliance, risk factors, bad mood, aggressive behavior and family satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results: the patients' compliance and family satisfaction in the research group were significantly higher than those in the reference group (P < 0.05), the SAS and SDS scores were significantly lower than those in the reference group (P < 0.05), and the BRMS scores were significantly lower than those in the reference group (P < 0.05). The main risk factors of aggressive behavior in manic patients included social interest, social ability and psychiatric performance. The patients in the research group had a lower risk after nursing. Conclusion: targeted nursing has a high application value. By analyzing the causes of the disease and giving nursing intervention, it can effectively improve the negative emotions of manic patients, improve patients' compliance with nursing work, and obtain a satisfactory nursing effect. It has promotion value.
文摘Suicide risk constitutes a complex set of interacting demographic, clinical, psychobiological and environmental variables. Impulsivity is a long-known risk factor for suicide attempts. However, research based on clearer conceptual refinement in this area is imperative. One emerging field of study is that of decision-making. Impulsivity involves a failure of higher-order control, including decision-making. Using standardized operational definitions that take into consideration relevant aspects of impulsivity, including state- and trait-components and a deeper understanding of the process of decision-making in the suicidal mind, we may come a step closer to understanding suicidality and winning the fight in this scourge of human suffering.
文摘“People spend 46.9%of their waking hours thinking about something else other than what they are doing and this mind-wandering typically makes them unhappy”(Killingsworth&Gilbert,2010).An antidote to this mind-wandering is“Mindfulness”;derived from ancient Buddhist tradition it refers to an open and non-judgmental form of awareness that is centered on present moment experiences considering both internal and external environment(Kabat-Zinn,2003).Existing research suggests mindfulness increases self-regulation of attention and self-control(Razza et al.,2015;Panek,Bayer,Cin,&Campbell,2015).Past research has also suggested mindfulness as a long-term solution to obesity and over-eating(Herpel et al.,2015;Bahl,Milne,Ross,&Chan,2013).This research suggests mindfulness as a way of improving self-control among consumers and contributes to making a more discerning customer.In my research,I suggest mindfulness as a way to improve self-control and reduce the susceptibility of a consumer to advertising effects,promotion price effects,and impulse buying behavior.We also suggest mindfulness as an intervention to reduce the over-spending problem in consumers.Elaboration likelihood model of persuasion(ELM)forms the theoretical basis of our research.ELM suggests two ways of information processing,central route,and peripheral route.In central route processing,customer evaluates communication by the logic of the argument presented.In peripheral processing,customer relies on peripherals like the attractiveness of source of information and other such peripherals to process information(Petty&Cacioppo,1984).The mindful customer is more likely to use central route than the peripheral route of information processing(Schramm&Hu,2014;Dong&Brunel,2006;Panek et al.,2015).Due to the difference in information processing,the mindful customer may not be influenced by peripheral cues of marketing like advertising and price promotions.We examine the differential effects of mindfulness vs.non-mindful consumers’response to marketing messages,through a series of experiments.This research also suggests mindfulness as a way to protect consumers against marketing enticements and improve their self-control against the harmful behavior of impulsive buying and overspending.The research also has implications for improving general happiness in the consumer.Since past research suggests,mind wandering leads to unhappiness in people(Mathew et al.,2010).
基金partially supported by the Colorado Injury Control Research Center Grant Number 5R49CE001168 from the Centers for Disease Control and Preventionthe USA-China Agricultural Injury Research Training Project Grant Number 5DW43TW007257 from the National Institutes of Health,Fogarty International Center
文摘A case-control study was conducted to investigate associations between organophosphate pesticide（OP）exposure,aggression,impulsivity,and attempted suicide.Questionnaires were used to collect information;impulsivity and aggression were measured by the Barratt Impulsivity Scale（BIS）and the Aggression Inventory（AI）.
文摘The present study examines the effects of serotonin (5-HT) 1A receptor ligands on humoral im-mune response in two rat lines selected for over 75 generations for the enhancement or elimination of aggression. Activation of presynaptic 5-HT1A receptors with a low dose of the selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT (0.1 mg/kg) or the blockade of postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors with the antagonist WAY-100635 (1.0 mg/kg) did not affect the numbers of IgM-antibody forming cells (IgM-AFC) in the spleen of highly aggressive rats, which were characterized by higher immune responsiveness compared to nonaggressive line. On the other hand, the same doses of 8-OH-DPAT and WAY-100635, as well as a higher dose of 8-OH-DPAT (1.0 mg/kg), which is known to activate postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors, produce immunostimulation in nonaggressive rats. However, only the highest dose of 8-OH-DPAT (5.0 mg/kg) was able to cause immunosuppression in nonaggressive rats that was mainly dependent on stimulation of postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors. In contrast to nonaggressive rats, the dose of 1.0 mg/kg 8-OH-DPAT was sufficient to produce a decrease in the numbers of IgM-AFC in highly aggressive rats. Thus, pharmacological activation of pre- and postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors, as well as the blockade of postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors, produced different effects on the immune response in two lines of rats selected for high level of aggression or its absence. These data may have implications for more efficient treatments of a number of mental disorders associated with abnormal aggression.
文摘Evidence is growing that aggressive behavior and impulsivity have subgroups. The subscales of the Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance and Sensation seeking (UPPS) impulsivity scale and the Bryant and Smith shortened and refined version of the Aggression Questionnaire were used to describe and compare impulsive and aggressive behavior in extremely violent and aggressive male inmates and non-violent healthy male controls. The Mann-Whitney test showed that there was a significant difference (p < 0. 006) in the total UPPS impulsivity scale scores between the aggressive inmates and the controls. The subscales revealed that this difference was based mainly on the urgency score (p < 0. 003). On the aggression subscales, the inmates scored significantly higher for physical aggression than the controls (p < 0.001), but no significant difference was seen between inmates and controls for verbal aggression, anger and hostility, although the exact p-value was very close to statistical significance at 0.054. Regression analysis revealed a strong relationship between urgency and the aggression subscales hostility (p = 0.0004) and anger (p = 0.003) and that urgency was also linked to symptoms of anxiety (p = 0.008). Finally, a statistically significant link was found between both hostility (p = 0.0003) and anger (p = 0.002) and symptoms of anxiety. The highly selected subgroup of extremely violent criminals in this study were more physically aggressive than non-violent controls, with urgency as the driving feature in their impulsive behavior, and hostility, anger and symptoms of anxiety as underlying traits.
文摘Purpose: Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and impulse control disorders (ICDs) are common in subjects with Parkinson’s disease. The association between these two conditions has been contradictory. The aim of this study is to analyze the association between these two non-motor symptoms. Methods: Consecutive subjects with Parkinson’s disease attending the Movement Disorders Outpatient Clinic were included. The presence of ICDs was assessed using the Questionnaire for Impulse Control Disorders Rating Scale. RBD was diagnosed by an overnight, single night polysomnography. Results: Fifty-five consecutive subjects with Parkinson’s disease were included. The prevalence of ICDs and related behaviors was 23.6% (ICD in 14.5% and related behaviors in 9.1%). RBD was diagnosed in 47.2% of the patients. No differences were found in the frequency of ICDs and related behaviors when comparing subjects with and without RBD (23% versus 24.1%, p = 0.926, respectively). Conclusion: No association between the presence of RBD and the frequency of ICDs in subjects with Parkinson’s disease was found.
文摘No study has been conducted to determine the relationship between RTC （road traffic crashes） and depression, anxiety and stress scale （DASS-21）, tiredness, fatigues and sleeping. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of aggressive driver behaviour, fatigue and sleeping on RTC comparison between commercial taxi and minibus/van/pick-up cars drivers. A cross-sectional study included a representative sample of 2,300 drivers of which 1,786 drivers （77.6%） agreed to participate. The Manchester DBQ （Driver Behaviour Questionnaire） was used to measure the aberrant driving behaviours leading to accidents. The study is based on the measurement using the depression anxiety stress scales （DASS-21）. Participants completed a DASS-21 questionnaire with items related to socio-demographic information, BMI （body mass index）, driving experience, fatigue, sleeping, adherence to traffic laws （including speed limits and wearing seat belt）, and drivers＇ driving records. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed. In a representative sampling, the age distribution of the participants ranged from 25 to 65 years with the mean age 38.3±10.2 and the mean annual mileage （km） per month was 14,587±1,741 （p 〈 0.001）. There was a significant difference found between both group minibus/van/pick-up and commercial taxi drivers regarding of their age group （p 〈 0.001）, education （p = 0.003）, history of accident （p = 0.003）, seat belt use （p = 0.022） time of accident （p = 0.005）; crossing red light （p 〈 0.001）, excessive speed limits （p = 0.002）, BMI group （p = 0.022）, physical activity （p = 0.003）, annual mileage in km （p 〈 0.001）, number of working days （p = 0.010） and hours （p = 0.030）; number of sleeping hours （p = 0.025）, CD music listening （p = 0.010）, mobile phone use （p = 0.001）, soft drinking （p = 0.002） and cigarette smoking habit （p 〈 0.001）. When the history of RTC was assessed, minibus/van/pick-ups were more likely to be involved in accidents compared to commercial taxi drivers and there was a highly statistically significant difference between both groups. Furthermore, minibus/van/pick-up drivers have more sleeping disorders and fatigue severity compared to commercial taxi drivers. This study revealed that minibus/van/pick-up drivers exhibited more depression, anxiety and stress symptoms compared to commercial taxi drivers. DASS-21 variables were found to contribute significantly to the explanation of the RTC involvement rate. Chronic fatigue and acute sleepiness, and overtime or heavy work-load on car drivers significantly increases the risk of a car crash which a car occupant can be injured or killed. Reductions in RTC may be achieved if fewer people drive when they have fatigue or are sleepy or have been deprived of sleep or drive during rush hours.
