PM_(1.0),particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 1.0μm,can adversely affect human health.However,fewer stations are capable of measuring PM_(1.0) concentrations than PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations...PM_(1.0),particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 1.0μm,can adversely affect human health.However,fewer stations are capable of measuring PM_(1.0) concentrations than PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in real time(i.e.,only 9 locations for PM_(1.0) vs.623 locations for PM2.5 or PM10)in South Korea,making it impossible to conduct a nationwide health risk analysis of PM_(1.0).Thus,this study aimed to develop a PM_(1.0) prediction model using a random forest algorithm based on PM_(1.0) data from the nine measurement stations and various environmental input factors.Cross validation,in which the model was trained in eight stations and tested in the remaining station,achieved an average R^(2) of 0.913.The high R^(2) value achieved undermutually exclusive training and test locations in the cross validation can be ascribed to the fact that all the locations had similar relationships between PM_(1.0) and the input factors,which were captured by our model.Moreover,results of feature importance analysis showed that PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were the two most important input features in predicting PM_(1.0) concentration.Finally,the model was used to estimate the PM_(1.0) concentrations in 623 locations,where input factors such as PM2.5 and PM10 can be obtained.Based on the augmented profile,we identified Seoul and Ansan to be PM_(1.0) concentration hotspots.These regions are large cities or the center of anthropogenic and industrial activities.The proposed model and the augmented PM_(1.0) profiles can be used for large epidemiological studies to understand the health impacts of PM_(1.0).展开更多
The purposes of this study are 1) to get another perspective related to the role of creative industries in national economy of Japan from 1995-2005 and 2) to know the ways to improve these sectors. This study employs ...The purposes of this study are 1) to get another perspective related to the role of creative industries in national economy of Japan from 1995-2005 and 2) to know the ways to improve these sectors. This study employs Input-Output (IO) analysis as a tool of analysis. More specifically, this study uses simple output multipliers and demand-pull IO quantity model. Comparison with previous study is conducted in order to achieve the first objective. Another perspective related to above role is obtained from this study, namely creative industries, using simple output multipliers method, did not have an important role in national economy of Japan in analysis period. The results also show that the patterns of total output of creative industries of Japan on future period are not identic. Nevertheless, these sectors have one similarity, namely the modification of import will decrease their total output. This phenomenon indicates that import restriction related to these sector’s products is needed.展开更多
“耳听为虚,眼见为实”,自然人流动(Movement of Natural Persons)是服务贸易的模式四,在货物贸易的信息传递中发挥了重要的作用。由于货物贸易合同存在信息的不完全性,进口国需派遣人员到出口国对进口产品进行“事中事后”检查,所以带...“耳听为虚,眼见为实”,自然人流动(Movement of Natural Persons)是服务贸易的模式四,在货物贸易的信息传递中发挥了重要的作用。由于货物贸易合同存在信息的不完全性,进口国需派遣人员到出口国对进口产品进行“事中事后”检查,所以带动了以自然人流动为载体的服务贸易。基于这样的判断,使用中国2010年至2016年自然人的国际流动数据,考察货物出口对自然人流动的影响,实证结论发现:差异化产品出口上升10%将带动8.8万人次的自然人流动,相当于增开1 500趟波音777客运入境航班。由此可见,如果地缘政治导致自然人流动持续低位运行,依赖于信息投入的产业或将出现“本土化”、“短链化”和“聚集化”的趋势。展开更多
基金supported by the Fine Particle Research Initiative in East Asia Considering National Differences Project through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(No.NRF-2023M3G1A1090660)supported by a grant from the National Institute of Environmental Research(NIER),funded by the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Korea(No.NIER-2023-04-02-056).
文摘PM_(1.0),particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 1.0μm,can adversely affect human health.However,fewer stations are capable of measuring PM_(1.0) concentrations than PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in real time(i.e.,only 9 locations for PM_(1.0) vs.623 locations for PM2.5 or PM10)in South Korea,making it impossible to conduct a nationwide health risk analysis of PM_(1.0).Thus,this study aimed to develop a PM_(1.0) prediction model using a random forest algorithm based on PM_(1.0) data from the nine measurement stations and various environmental input factors.Cross validation,in which the model was trained in eight stations and tested in the remaining station,achieved an average R^(2) of 0.913.The high R^(2) value achieved undermutually exclusive training and test locations in the cross validation can be ascribed to the fact that all the locations had similar relationships between PM_(1.0) and the input factors,which were captured by our model.Moreover,results of feature importance analysis showed that PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were the two most important input features in predicting PM_(1.0) concentration.Finally,the model was used to estimate the PM_(1.0) concentrations in 623 locations,where input factors such as PM2.5 and PM10 can be obtained.Based on the augmented profile,we identified Seoul and Ansan to be PM_(1.0) concentration hotspots.These regions are large cities or the center of anthropogenic and industrial activities.The proposed model and the augmented PM_(1.0) profiles can be used for large epidemiological studies to understand the health impacts of PM_(1.0).
文摘The purposes of this study are 1) to get another perspective related to the role of creative industries in national economy of Japan from 1995-2005 and 2) to know the ways to improve these sectors. This study employs Input-Output (IO) analysis as a tool of analysis. More specifically, this study uses simple output multipliers and demand-pull IO quantity model. Comparison with previous study is conducted in order to achieve the first objective. Another perspective related to above role is obtained from this study, namely creative industries, using simple output multipliers method, did not have an important role in national economy of Japan in analysis period. The results also show that the patterns of total output of creative industries of Japan on future period are not identic. Nevertheless, these sectors have one similarity, namely the modification of import will decrease their total output. This phenomenon indicates that import restriction related to these sector’s products is needed.
文摘“耳听为虚,眼见为实”,自然人流动(Movement of Natural Persons)是服务贸易的模式四,在货物贸易的信息传递中发挥了重要的作用。由于货物贸易合同存在信息的不完全性,进口国需派遣人员到出口国对进口产品进行“事中事后”检查,所以带动了以自然人流动为载体的服务贸易。基于这样的判断,使用中国2010年至2016年自然人的国际流动数据,考察货物出口对自然人流动的影响,实证结论发现:差异化产品出口上升10%将带动8.8万人次的自然人流动,相当于增开1 500趟波音777客运入境航班。由此可见,如果地缘政治导致自然人流动持续低位运行,依赖于信息投入的产业或将出现“本土化”、“短链化”和“聚集化”的趋势。
