Objective:This review aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to equitable coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccine distribution in Nigeria using the consolidated framework for implementation research(CFIR).M...Objective:This review aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to equitable coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccine distribution in Nigeria using the consolidated framework for implementation research(CFIR).Methods:A comprehensive search strategy was applied across five databases—Web of Science,MEDLINE,EMBASE,CAB Direct,and CINAHL.The search,conducted as part of a scoping review,yielded 2,751 citations.Seven studies met the inclusion criteria after screening.Data were extracted and analyzed using CFIR constructs to identify key barriers and facilitators to equitable vaccine distribution.Results:Six barriers were identified:limited physical and socioeconomic access,bribery,nepotism,and insufficient availability of translated information.Facilitators included community involvement as local monitoring agents,unannounced staff inspections,healthcare worker training tailored to community needs,and localized outreach strategies such as jingles and call-in programs.CFIR constructs,including Local Conditions,Tailoring Strategies,Available Resources,and Physical Infrastructure,provided a framework for analyzing the findings.Conclusion:This review highlights significant barriers and promising facilitators to equitable vaccine distribution in Nigeria.Targeted interventions,such as community engagement,anti-corruption measures,and culturally tailored strategies,are critical to addressing these challenges and improving access.These findings underscore the need for localized,equity-focused approaches to enhance vaccine distribution systems in Nigeria and other low-resource settings.展开更多
Healthcare systems face many competing demands and insufficient resources.Service innovations to improve efficiency are important to address this challenge.Innovations can range from new pharmaceuticals,alternate mode...Healthcare systems face many competing demands and insufficient resources.Service innovations to improve efficiency are important to address this challenge.Innovations can range from new pharmaceuticals,alternate models of care,novel devices,and the use other technologies.Suboptimal implementation can mean lost benefits.This review article aims to highlight the role of implementation science,summarize how settings have leveraged this methodology to promote translation of innovation into practice,and describe our own experience of embedding implementation science into an academic medical center in Singapore.Implementation science offers a range of methods to promote systematic uptake of research findings about innovations and is gaining recognition worldwide as an important discipline for health services researchers.Health systems around the world have tried to promote implementation research in their settings by establishing(1)dedicated centers/programs,(2)offering funding,and(3)building knowledge and capacity among staff.Implementation science is a critical piece in the translational pathway of“evidence to innovation”.The three efforts we describe should be strengthened to integrate implementation science into the innovation ecosystem around the world.展开更多
Objective:To involve stakeholders in Jiangsu Province,China,to identify barriers for nonspecialist-delivered perinatal depression(PND)management to guide management in maternity and child health care institutions.Meth...Objective:To involve stakeholders in Jiangsu Province,China,to identify barriers for nonspecialist-delivered perinatal depression(PND)management to guide management in maternity and child health care institutions.Methods:In this qualitative study,semi-structured face-to-face individual interviews were used,guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research(CFIR).Thematic analysis was done to categorize data using the CFIR framework's domains.Results:There were a total of 20 interviewees.Barriers coded under the CFIR framework included:needs and resources of those served by the organization,cosmopolitanism,available resources,structural characteristics,access to knowledge and information,and knowledge and beliefs.Conclusions:Implementing nonspecialist-delivered PND management poses varying obstacles in different situations.Overcoming these barriers can be accomplished by simplifying interventions based on local conditions,changing women's and families'attitudes and help-seeking behaviors toward PND,establishing linkages with psychiatry,strengthening policymakers'capacity and improving mental health care systems,developing detailed intervention manuals,enhancing clinicians'mental health literacy,and improving the operation of psychologically appropriate approaches to build self-efficacy.展开更多
目的分析整合式慢性病社区健康管理模式实施的促进和障碍因素,区分模式服务量高覆盖率组和低覆盖率组在实施性研究的整合性理论框架(consolidated framework for implementation research,CFIR)上的结构差异,为政府部门提供政策建议。...目的分析整合式慢性病社区健康管理模式实施的促进和障碍因素,区分模式服务量高覆盖率组和低覆盖率组在实施性研究的整合性理论框架(consolidated framework for implementation research,CFIR)上的结构差异,为政府部门提供政策建议。方法结合CFIR对22名专家进行半结构化访谈,采用定性结构评级法对13家社区卫生服务中心受访者评分,利用NVivo 12软件编码。结果高覆盖率组和低覆盖率组的相对优势、外部政策与激励、实施准备度、反思和评价、领导个人特质5个CFIR结构有差异。促进因素包括:测量数据更加精准,提高了高血压和糖尿病患者的异常检出率和控制率;模式实现了服务、技术、数据“三整合”,优化管理流程,提供管理抓手;基础性和个性化服务结合吸引患者到基层就诊;模式与我国政策背景,初级卫生保健工作和以患者为中心理念兼容;数字化工具的应用减轻医护人员工作负担;领导重视是基础,利益方间的通力合作是重要保障。障碍因素包括:宏观层面缺少卫生行政机构的支持性政策,组织架构和运行机制尚未建立,建设、投入主体以及具体工作规范和流程有待明确;缺乏监督管理机制和质量评估小组;模式推广目标模糊;缺乏规范化系统性的培训计划;为不同群体提供服务存在挑战,缺乏有效的社会面宣传;模式仍须提高需方获得感;社区布局限制了模式的服务提供。结论卫生行政部门应明确模式的建设、运行、投入主体,完善组织架构并明确各利益方的功能定位和职责分工,进一步制定工作规范和工作流程;建立信息反馈机制和质量控制小组并进行定期评估;制定清晰的目标;加大宣传教育,扩大宣传面;利用数字化工具形成良性医患互动机制。展开更多
Research Data Management(RDM)has become increasingly important for more and more academic institutions.Using the Peking University Open Research Data Repository(PKU-ORDR)project as an example,this paper will review a ...Research Data Management(RDM)has become increasingly important for more and more academic institutions.Using the Peking University Open Research Data Repository(PKU-ORDR)project as an example,this paper will review a library-based university-wide open research data repository project and related RDM services implementation process including project kickoff,needs assessment,partnerships establishment,software investigation and selection,software customization,as well as data curation services and training.Through the review,some issues revealed during the stages of the implementation process are also discussed and addressed in the paper such as awareness of research data,demands from data providers and users,data policies and requirements from home institution,requirements from funding agencies and publishers,the collaboration between administrative units and libraries,and concerns from data providers and users.The significance of the study is that the paper shows an example of creating an Open Data repository and RDM services for other Chinese academic libraries planning to implement their RDM services for their home institutions.The authors of the paper have also observed since the PKU-ORDR and RDM services implemented in 2015,the Peking University Library(PKUL)has helped numerous researchers to support the entire research life cycle and enhanced Open Science(OS)practices on campus,as well as impacted the national OS movement in China through various national events and activities hosted by the PKUL.展开更多
One Health recognizes the close links and interdependence among human health,animal health and environmental health.With the pandemic of COVID-19 and the risk of many emerging or reemerging infectious diseases of zoon...One Health recognizes the close links and interdependence among human health,animal health and environmental health.With the pandemic of COVID-19 and the risk of many emerging or reemerging infectious diseases of zoonotic nature as well as the spreading antimicrobial resistance,One Health has become one of top concerns globally,as it entails the essential global public health challenges from antimicrobial resistance over zoonoses,to climate change,food security and societal well-being.Research priorities in One Health include the study on interactions of human-animal-plants-nature ecology interface,systems thinking,integrated surveillance and response systems,and the overall One Health governance as part of the global health and sustainability governance.The now launched journal,Science in One Health,aims to be a resource platform that disseminates scientific evidence,knowledge,and tools on the One Health approaches and respective possible socio-ecological interventions.Thus,aims at providing fruitful exchanges of information and experience among researchers,and decision makers as well as public health actors.展开更多
How to generate pictures real and esthetic objects is an important subject of computer graphics. The techniques of mapping textures onto the surfaces of an object in the 3D space are efficient ap- proaches for the pur...How to generate pictures real and esthetic objects is an important subject of computer graphics. The techniques of mapping textures onto the surfaces of an object in the 3D space are efficient ap- proaches for the purpose.We developed and implemented algorithms for generating objects with appear ances stone,wood grain,ice lattice,brick,doors and windows on Apollo workstations. All the algorithms have been incorporated into the 3D geometry modelling system(GEMS)developed by the CAD Center of Tsinghua University.This paper emphasizes the wood grain and the ice lattice algorithms.展开更多
The birth of a child is a pivotal time in the life of a mother,her family and society.The health and well-being of a mother and child at birth largely determines the future health and wellness of the entire family(Wor...The birth of a child is a pivotal time in the life of a mother,her family and society.The health and well-being of a mother and child at birth largely determines the future health and wellness of the entire family(World Health Organization(WHO),2005).Normal birth has enormous benefits for mothers,neonates,families,and societies.The growing supportive evidence for the promotion of normal birth certainly relies on multidisciplinary collaborations to continue spreading knowledge about the advantages of normal birth and enhancing the understanding of how knowledge about normal birth can change society.Knowledge about normal birth varies among different groups of healthcare professionals,and it would be useful to identify how it is clinically translated to become accessible to other professionals and research teams,consumers,the public,significant decision-or policy makers,the industry,funding bodies,and volunteer health teams.展开更多
Translational medicine is a hot topic in today's medical world. This paper reviews the literature related to translational medicine and discusses the history, definition, phases, and blocks of translational medici...Translational medicine is a hot topic in today's medical world. This paper reviews the literature related to translational medicine and discusses the history, definition, phases, and blocks of translational medicine. Several successful examples focusing on tackling with three main blocks of translational medicine and the future perspective are also presented in this article.展开更多
Neglected Tropical Diseases(NTDs)are both drivers and manifestations of poverty and social inequality.Increased advocacy efforts since the mid-2000s have led to ambitious new control and elimination targets set for 20...Neglected Tropical Diseases(NTDs)are both drivers and manifestations of poverty and social inequality.Increased advocacy efforts since the mid-2000s have led to ambitious new control and elimination targets set for 2020 by the World Health Organisation.While these global aspirations represent significant policy momentum,there are multifaceted challenges in controlling infectious diseases in resource-poor local contexts that need to be acknowledged,understood and engaged.However a number of recent publications have emphasised the“neglected”status of applied social science research on NTDs.In light of the 2020 targets,this paper explores the social science/NTD literature and unpacks some of the ways in which social inquiry can help support effective and sustainable interventions.Five priority areas are discussed,including on policy processes,health systems capacity,compliance and resistance to interventions,education and behaviour change,and community participation.The paper shows that despite the multifaceted value of having anthropological and sociological perspectives integrated into NTD programmes,contemporary efforts underutilise this potential.This is reflective of the dominance of top-down information flows and technocratic approaches in global health.To counter this tendency,social research needs to be more than an afterthought;integrating social inquiry into the planning,monitoring and evaluating process will help ensure that flexibility and adaptability to local realities are built into interventions.More emphasis on social science perspectives can also help link NTD control to broader social determinants of health,especially important given the major social and economic inequalities that continue to underpin transmission in endemic countries.展开更多
Background:Social Innovation in health initiatives have the potential to address unmet community health needs.For sustainable change to occur,we need to understand how and why a given intervention is effective.Bringin...Background:Social Innovation in health initiatives have the potential to address unmet community health needs.For sustainable change to occur,we need to understand how and why a given intervention is effective.Bringing together communities,innovators,researchers,and policy makers is a powerful way to address this knowledge gap but differing priorities and epistemological backgrounds can make collaboration challenging.Main text:To overcome these barriers,stakeholders will need to design policies and work in ways that provide an enabling environment for innovative products and services.Inherently about people,the incorporation of community engagement approaches is necessary for both the development of social innovations and accompanying research methodologies.Whilst the'appropriate'level of participation is linked to intended outcomes,researchers have a role to play in better understanding how to harness the power of community engagement and to ensure that community perspectives form part of the evidence base that informs policy and practice.Conclusions:To effectively operate at the intersection between policy,social innovation,and research,all collaborators need to enter the process with the mindset of learners,rather than experts.Methods-quantitative and qualitative-must be selected according to research questions.The fields of implementation research,community-based participatory research,and realist research,amongst others,have much to offer.So do other sectors,notably education and business.In all this,researchers must assume the mantel of responsibility for research and not transfer the onus to communities under the guise of participation.By leveraging the expertise and knowledge of different ecosystem actors,we can design responsive health systems that integrate innovative approaches in ways that are greater than the sum of their parts.展开更多
文摘Objective:This review aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to equitable coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccine distribution in Nigeria using the consolidated framework for implementation research(CFIR).Methods:A comprehensive search strategy was applied across five databases—Web of Science,MEDLINE,EMBASE,CAB Direct,and CINAHL.The search,conducted as part of a scoping review,yielded 2,751 citations.Seven studies met the inclusion criteria after screening.Data were extracted and analyzed using CFIR constructs to identify key barriers and facilitators to equitable vaccine distribution.Results:Six barriers were identified:limited physical and socioeconomic access,bribery,nepotism,and insufficient availability of translated information.Facilitators included community involvement as local monitoring agents,unannounced staff inspections,healthcare worker training tailored to community needs,and localized outreach strategies such as jingles and call-in programs.CFIR constructs,including Local Conditions,Tailoring Strategies,Available Resources,and Physical Infrastructure,provided a framework for analyzing the findings.Conclusion:This review highlights significant barriers and promising facilitators to equitable vaccine distribution in Nigeria.Targeted interventions,such as community engagement,anti-corruption measures,and culturally tailored strategies,are critical to addressing these challenges and improving access.These findings underscore the need for localized,equity-focused approaches to enhance vaccine distribution systems in Nigeria and other low-resource settings.
文摘Healthcare systems face many competing demands and insufficient resources.Service innovations to improve efficiency are important to address this challenge.Innovations can range from new pharmaceuticals,alternate models of care,novel devices,and the use other technologies.Suboptimal implementation can mean lost benefits.This review article aims to highlight the role of implementation science,summarize how settings have leveraged this methodology to promote translation of innovation into practice,and describe our own experience of embedding implementation science into an academic medical center in Singapore.Implementation science offers a range of methods to promote systematic uptake of research findings about innovations and is gaining recognition worldwide as an important discipline for health services researchers.Health systems around the world have tried to promote implementation research in their settings by establishing(1)dedicated centers/programs,(2)offering funding,and(3)building knowledge and capacity among staff.Implementation science is a critical piece in the translational pathway of“evidence to innovation”.The three efforts we describe should be strengthened to integrate implementation science into the innovation ecosystem around the world.
基金supported by the Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research in Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province(No.22024SJYB0250)。
文摘Objective:To involve stakeholders in Jiangsu Province,China,to identify barriers for nonspecialist-delivered perinatal depression(PND)management to guide management in maternity and child health care institutions.Methods:In this qualitative study,semi-structured face-to-face individual interviews were used,guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research(CFIR).Thematic analysis was done to categorize data using the CFIR framework's domains.Results:There were a total of 20 interviewees.Barriers coded under the CFIR framework included:needs and resources of those served by the organization,cosmopolitanism,available resources,structural characteristics,access to knowledge and information,and knowledge and beliefs.Conclusions:Implementing nonspecialist-delivered PND management poses varying obstacles in different situations.Overcoming these barriers can be accomplished by simplifying interventions based on local conditions,changing women's and families'attitudes and help-seeking behaviors toward PND,establishing linkages with psychiatry,strengthening policymakers'capacity and improving mental health care systems,developing detailed intervention manuals,enhancing clinicians'mental health literacy,and improving the operation of psychologically appropriate approaches to build self-efficacy.
文摘Research Data Management(RDM)has become increasingly important for more and more academic institutions.Using the Peking University Open Research Data Repository(PKU-ORDR)project as an example,this paper will review a library-based university-wide open research data repository project and related RDM services implementation process including project kickoff,needs assessment,partnerships establishment,software investigation and selection,software customization,as well as data curation services and training.Through the review,some issues revealed during the stages of the implementation process are also discussed and addressed in the paper such as awareness of research data,demands from data providers and users,data policies and requirements from home institution,requirements from funding agencies and publishers,the collaboration between administrative units and libraries,and concerns from data providers and users.The significance of the study is that the paper shows an example of creating an Open Data repository and RDM services for other Chinese academic libraries planning to implement their RDM services for their home institutions.The authors of the paper have also observed since the PKU-ORDR and RDM services implemented in 2015,the Peking University Library(PKUL)has helped numerous researchers to support the entire research life cycle and enhanced Open Science(OS)practices on campus,as well as impacted the national OS movement in China through various national events and activities hosted by the PKUL.
基金supported by China Medical Board(No.20-365)Shanghai Jiao Tong University Integrated Innovation Fund(No.2020-01).
文摘One Health recognizes the close links and interdependence among human health,animal health and environmental health.With the pandemic of COVID-19 and the risk of many emerging or reemerging infectious diseases of zoonotic nature as well as the spreading antimicrobial resistance,One Health has become one of top concerns globally,as it entails the essential global public health challenges from antimicrobial resistance over zoonoses,to climate change,food security and societal well-being.Research priorities in One Health include the study on interactions of human-animal-plants-nature ecology interface,systems thinking,integrated surveillance and response systems,and the overall One Health governance as part of the global health and sustainability governance.The now launched journal,Science in One Health,aims to be a resource platform that disseminates scientific evidence,knowledge,and tools on the One Health approaches and respective possible socio-ecological interventions.Thus,aims at providing fruitful exchanges of information and experience among researchers,and decision makers as well as public health actors.
文摘How to generate pictures real and esthetic objects is an important subject of computer graphics. The techniques of mapping textures onto the surfaces of an object in the 3D space are efficient ap- proaches for the purpose.We developed and implemented algorithms for generating objects with appear ances stone,wood grain,ice lattice,brick,doors and windows on Apollo workstations. All the algorithms have been incorporated into the 3D geometry modelling system(GEMS)developed by the CAD Center of Tsinghua University.This paper emphasizes the wood grain and the ice lattice algorithms.
文摘The birth of a child is a pivotal time in the life of a mother,her family and society.The health and well-being of a mother and child at birth largely determines the future health and wellness of the entire family(World Health Organization(WHO),2005).Normal birth has enormous benefits for mothers,neonates,families,and societies.The growing supportive evidence for the promotion of normal birth certainly relies on multidisciplinary collaborations to continue spreading knowledge about the advantages of normal birth and enhancing the understanding of how knowledge about normal birth can change society.Knowledge about normal birth varies among different groups of healthcare professionals,and it would be useful to identify how it is clinically translated to become accessible to other professionals and research teams,consumers,the public,significant decision-or policy makers,the industry,funding bodies,and volunteer health teams.
文摘Translational medicine is a hot topic in today's medical world. This paper reviews the literature related to translational medicine and discusses the history, definition, phases, and blocks of translational medicine. Several successful examples focusing on tackling with three main blocks of translational medicine and the future perspective are also presented in this article.
基金This research was supported by a European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n°221948 Integrated Control of Neglected Zoonoses (ICONZ)The University of Edinburgh Principal’s Career Development PhD ScholarshipSchool of Social and Political Science Graduate School Scholarship.
文摘Neglected Tropical Diseases(NTDs)are both drivers and manifestations of poverty and social inequality.Increased advocacy efforts since the mid-2000s have led to ambitious new control and elimination targets set for 2020 by the World Health Organisation.While these global aspirations represent significant policy momentum,there are multifaceted challenges in controlling infectious diseases in resource-poor local contexts that need to be acknowledged,understood and engaged.However a number of recent publications have emphasised the“neglected”status of applied social science research on NTDs.In light of the 2020 targets,this paper explores the social science/NTD literature and unpacks some of the ways in which social inquiry can help support effective and sustainable interventions.Five priority areas are discussed,including on policy processes,health systems capacity,compliance and resistance to interventions,education and behaviour change,and community participation.The paper shows that despite the multifaceted value of having anthropological and sociological perspectives integrated into NTD programmes,contemporary efforts underutilise this potential.This is reflective of the dominance of top-down information flows and technocratic approaches in global health.To counter this tendency,social research needs to be more than an afterthought;integrating social inquiry into the planning,monitoring and evaluating process will help ensure that flexibility and adaptability to local realities are built into interventions.More emphasis on social science perspectives can also help link NTD control to broader social determinants of health,especially important given the major social and economic inequalities that continue to underpin transmission in endemic countries.
文摘Background:Social Innovation in health initiatives have the potential to address unmet community health needs.For sustainable change to occur,we need to understand how and why a given intervention is effective.Bringing together communities,innovators,researchers,and policy makers is a powerful way to address this knowledge gap but differing priorities and epistemological backgrounds can make collaboration challenging.Main text:To overcome these barriers,stakeholders will need to design policies and work in ways that provide an enabling environment for innovative products and services.Inherently about people,the incorporation of community engagement approaches is necessary for both the development of social innovations and accompanying research methodologies.Whilst the'appropriate'level of participation is linked to intended outcomes,researchers have a role to play in better understanding how to harness the power of community engagement and to ensure that community perspectives form part of the evidence base that informs policy and practice.Conclusions:To effectively operate at the intersection between policy,social innovation,and research,all collaborators need to enter the process with the mindset of learners,rather than experts.Methods-quantitative and qualitative-must be selected according to research questions.The fields of implementation research,community-based participatory research,and realist research,amongst others,have much to offer.So do other sectors,notably education and business.In all this,researchers must assume the mantel of responsibility for research and not transfer the onus to communities under the guise of participation.By leveraging the expertise and knowledge of different ecosystem actors,we can design responsive health systems that integrate innovative approaches in ways that are greater than the sum of their parts.
