Introduction:To analyze human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)prevention cascade performance and identify implementation barriers for pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP)and post-exposure prophylaxis(PEP)among high-risk universi...Introduction:To analyze human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)prevention cascade performance and identify implementation barriers for pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP)and post-exposure prophylaxis(PEP)among high-risk university students in Sichuan Province,China.Methods:A cross-sectional survey of 29,017 students across universities in Sichuan Province(November 2022–September 2023)identified 645 high-risk students.Prevention cascades were assessed using a four-stage framework spanning from awareness through service utilization.Multivariable logistic regression models identified predictors of cascade progression.Results:Among 645 high-risk students(2.22%of surveyed population;mean age 20.36±2.47 years;66.20%male),only 34.57%achieved high HIV knowledge scores.PEP demonstrated higher awareness than PrEP(83.72%vs.68.37%),whereas PrEP showed superior understanding conversion(59.41%vs.52.22%).Utilization rates were comparable(12.87%vs.13.02%).High HIV knowledge strongly predicted awareness[PrEP:adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=5.62;PEP:aOR=3.42]and PrEP utilization(aOR=1.76).Men who have sex with men(MSM)behavior predicted utilization for both services(PrEP:aOR=2.10;PEP:aOR=1.78).Among students who understood the services,two-thirds did not access them.Conclusions:High HIV knowledge represents the primary modifiable predictor of cascade progression,yet structural barriers prevent two-thirds of informed students from accessing services.Educational interventions alone are insufficient;comprehensive strategies that simultaneously address both knowledge deficits and systemic barriers are essential for improving service uptake.展开更多
Integrated land and resource planning is critical for achieving global sustainability goals,yet a persistent chasm separates policy ambition from on-the-ground outcomes.The review article undertakes a comparative eval...Integrated land and resource planning is critical for achieving global sustainability goals,yet a persistent chasm separates policy ambition from on-the-ground outcomes.The review article undertakes a comparative evaluation across the world to diagnose the systemic gaps of the policy that is leading to this implementation failure.We come up with a general typology of 5 categories of gaps that are interconnected:spatial-temporal mismatches,institutional fragmentation,the knowledge-action divide,lack of equity and justice,and broken monitoring and feedback loops.In a comparative study of the High-Income Countries,Rapidly Developing Economies,and Low-Income Countries,we show how these universal gaps are reflected in specific contextual syndromes,which are defined by the political economy,state capacity,and global integration.As can be seen in the analysis,these failures are not stand-alone but exist in a vicious,self-perpetuating cycle that is based on power asymmetries,institutional path dependency,and scale mismatches.In order to break this cycle,we suggest a revolutionary structure of action,which is structured around integration,adaptive management,and justice.The framework identifies the specific operation strategies,such as developing meta-governance formations and establishing community tenure to implement participatory monitoring,and aligning a multi-scale agenda.We infer that the implementation gap must be bridged by going beyond technical solutions to ensure a virtuous circle of legitimate learning-oriented governance that can address the complexity of socio-ecological conditions of the Anthropocene.展开更多
The upcoming COP23 at Bonn of the UN and its UNFCCC must outline how its COP21 objectives are to be promoted by means of concrete international and national management. Only a massive replacement of fossil fuels and w...The upcoming COP23 at Bonn of the UN and its UNFCCC must outline how its COP21 objectives are to be promoted by means of concrete international and national management. Only a massive replacement of fossil fuels and wood coal by solar power parks, can wind power and atomic power save mankind from the grave threats of global warming. This paper presents a tentative estimation of what is involved with regard to the fulfilment of COP21 ＇s GOAL II--decarbonisation to 30-40 per cent of 2005 level of emissions.展开更多
The global push for carbon neutrality highlights the need for rigorous assessments of whether national efforts align with stated targets.However,existing evaluations often prioritize commitments over tangible progress...The global push for carbon neutrality highlights the need for rigorous assessments of whether national efforts align with stated targets.However,existing evaluations often prioritize commitments over tangible progress,lacking comprehensive and transparent metrics.To bridge this gap,we develop a multidimensional indicator system that evaluates targets,policies,actions,and effectiveness across key areas,including policy implementation,technology deployment,financial investment,and international cooperation.While 151 countries have pledged carbon neutralityd19 of which are developing nations that made commitments in 2024dimplementation remains uneven.Only 72 countries have established complete policy frameworks,and advanced low-carbon technologies are concentrated in a handful of nations.Current trends indicate that global renewable energy capacity will reach just 2.7 times its 2022 level by 2030,falling short of the tripling target.Moreover,the global median action score in 2024 stands at only 25dfar below the target of 65dhighlighting the urgency for stronger efforts.Our findings reveal a significant gap between ambition and action,with renewable energy deployment lagging behind expectations.To accelerate progress,enhanced global cooperation,increased investment,and fewer barriers to technology diffusion are crucial.This study underscores the need for more implementationfocused tracking to ensure carbon neutrality commitments translate into measurable outcomes.展开更多
基金Supported by the pilot program“New Era School-based HIV Prevention Education and Comprehensive Intervention”administered by the China Association of STD and AIDS Prevention and Control.
文摘Introduction:To analyze human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)prevention cascade performance and identify implementation barriers for pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP)and post-exposure prophylaxis(PEP)among high-risk university students in Sichuan Province,China.Methods:A cross-sectional survey of 29,017 students across universities in Sichuan Province(November 2022–September 2023)identified 645 high-risk students.Prevention cascades were assessed using a four-stage framework spanning from awareness through service utilization.Multivariable logistic regression models identified predictors of cascade progression.Results:Among 645 high-risk students(2.22%of surveyed population;mean age 20.36±2.47 years;66.20%male),only 34.57%achieved high HIV knowledge scores.PEP demonstrated higher awareness than PrEP(83.72%vs.68.37%),whereas PrEP showed superior understanding conversion(59.41%vs.52.22%).Utilization rates were comparable(12.87%vs.13.02%).High HIV knowledge strongly predicted awareness[PrEP:adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=5.62;PEP:aOR=3.42]and PrEP utilization(aOR=1.76).Men who have sex with men(MSM)behavior predicted utilization for both services(PrEP:aOR=2.10;PEP:aOR=1.78).Among students who understood the services,two-thirds did not access them.Conclusions:High HIV knowledge represents the primary modifiable predictor of cascade progression,yet structural barriers prevent two-thirds of informed students from accessing services.Educational interventions alone are insufficient;comprehensive strategies that simultaneously address both knowledge deficits and systemic barriers are essential for improving service uptake.
文摘Integrated land and resource planning is critical for achieving global sustainability goals,yet a persistent chasm separates policy ambition from on-the-ground outcomes.The review article undertakes a comparative evaluation across the world to diagnose the systemic gaps of the policy that is leading to this implementation failure.We come up with a general typology of 5 categories of gaps that are interconnected:spatial-temporal mismatches,institutional fragmentation,the knowledge-action divide,lack of equity and justice,and broken monitoring and feedback loops.In a comparative study of the High-Income Countries,Rapidly Developing Economies,and Low-Income Countries,we show how these universal gaps are reflected in specific contextual syndromes,which are defined by the political economy,state capacity,and global integration.As can be seen in the analysis,these failures are not stand-alone but exist in a vicious,self-perpetuating cycle that is based on power asymmetries,institutional path dependency,and scale mismatches.In order to break this cycle,we suggest a revolutionary structure of action,which is structured around integration,adaptive management,and justice.The framework identifies the specific operation strategies,such as developing meta-governance formations and establishing community tenure to implement participatory monitoring,and aligning a multi-scale agenda.We infer that the implementation gap must be bridged by going beyond technical solutions to ensure a virtuous circle of legitimate learning-oriented governance that can address the complexity of socio-ecological conditions of the Anthropocene.
文摘The upcoming COP23 at Bonn of the UN and its UNFCCC must outline how its COP21 objectives are to be promoted by means of concrete international and national management. Only a massive replacement of fossil fuels and wood coal by solar power parks, can wind power and atomic power save mankind from the grave threats of global warming. This paper presents a tentative estimation of what is involved with regard to the fulfilment of COP21 ＇s GOAL II--decarbonisation to 30-40 per cent of 2005 level of emissions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72140002,72348001 and 72204137).
文摘The global push for carbon neutrality highlights the need for rigorous assessments of whether national efforts align with stated targets.However,existing evaluations often prioritize commitments over tangible progress,lacking comprehensive and transparent metrics.To bridge this gap,we develop a multidimensional indicator system that evaluates targets,policies,actions,and effectiveness across key areas,including policy implementation,technology deployment,financial investment,and international cooperation.While 151 countries have pledged carbon neutralityd19 of which are developing nations that made commitments in 2024dimplementation remains uneven.Only 72 countries have established complete policy frameworks,and advanced low-carbon technologies are concentrated in a handful of nations.Current trends indicate that global renewable energy capacity will reach just 2.7 times its 2022 level by 2030,falling short of the tripling target.Moreover,the global median action score in 2024 stands at only 25dfar below the target of 65dhighlighting the urgency for stronger efforts.Our findings reveal a significant gap between ambition and action,with renewable energy deployment lagging behind expectations.To accelerate progress,enhanced global cooperation,increased investment,and fewer barriers to technology diffusion are crucial.This study underscores the need for more implementationfocused tracking to ensure carbon neutrality commitments translate into measurable outcomes.
