Purpose:Journal Impact Factors and other citation-based indicators are widely used and abused to help select journals to publish in or to estimate the value of a published article.Nevertheless,citation rates primarily...Purpose:Journal Impact Factors and other citation-based indicators are widely used and abused to help select journals to publish in or to estimate the value of a published article.Nevertheless,citation rates primarily reflect scholarly impact rather than other quality dimensions,including societal impact,originality,and rigour.In response to this deficit,Journal Quality Factors(JQFs)are defined and evaluated.These are average quality score estimates given to a journal’s articles by ChatGPT.Design/methodology/approach:JQFs were compared with Polish,Norwegian and Finnish journal ranks and with journal citation rates for 1,300 journals with 130,000 articles from 2021 in large monodisciplinary journals in the 25 out of 27 Scopus broad fields of research for which it was possible.Outliers were also examined.Findings:JQFs correlated positively and mostly strongly(median correlation:0.641)with journal ranks in 24 out of the 25 broad fields examined,indicating a nearly science-wide ability for ChatGPT to estimate journal quality.Journal citation rates had similarly high correlations with national journal ranks,however,so JQFs are not a universally better indicator.An examination of journals with JQFs not matching their journal ranks suggested that abstract styles may affect the result,such as whether the societal contexts of research are mentioned.Research limitations:Different journal rankings may have given different findings because there is no agreed meaning for journal quality.Practical implications:The results suggest that JQFs are plausible as journal quality indicators in all fields and may be useful for the(few)research and evaluation contexts where journal quality is an acceptable proxy for article quality,and especially for fields like mathematics for which citations are not strong indicators of quality.Originality/value:This is the first attempt to estimate academic journal value with a Large Language Model.展开更多
Ecological footprint （EF） has attracted much attention internationally as a potential indicator for sustainable development. In China, EF has also gained recognition in related fields and disciplines. Moreover, some...Ecological footprint （EF） has attracted much attention internationally as a potential indicator for sustainable development. In China, EF has also gained recognition in related fields and disciplines. Moreover, some scholars in these fields have proposed alternative methods to calculate EF and have made some progress. This paper, therefore, begins with the introduction and development of EF in China. However, the established methods of EF calculation hold some limitations, such as indicator variance and result abnormality. In order to resolve those problems, the authors make a further modification considering the demand of EF as a comprehensive indicator： 1） More accurate analysis has been done to divide EF into several parts： imported EF, exported EF, and producible EF, which is the solution to the problem of abnormality in original EF results and can explain abnormal phenomena reasonably. 2） Considering the actual situa- tion of Shanghai, emended equivalence factor is brought forward and a matrix is formed with equivalence factors. The measure can reduce the deviation between the fact and the results. 3） The calculation compares local yield with global average yield to analyze the effects of yields. And based on local yields in different years, the results are more accurate. Finally, the calculation method is applied to calculating EF of Shanghai from 1980 to 2003, and the subsequent detailed analysis is presented. Available data and results suggest a statistically significant correlation coefficient between EF and GDP, population density and urbaniTation level. Through analyzing the process of calculating EF and its results, it can be seen that EF, as a macro-indicator, can not exactly indicate whether development within a region can meet the re- quests of sustainable development, which can be explained by the fact that the result of EF is impacted greatly by sub- jective factors including national policy,available technology, population, etc. Nevertheless, EF can demonstrate, at least to some degree, the regional status in terms of resources and energy consumption, as well as developmental potential. The calculation of EF, therefore, deserves further research to achieve more far-reaching significance in application.展开更多
Nitrocellulose membrane(NCM)can produce hydroxyl radicals under illumination,which promotes the oxidative degradation of organic pollutants.In this paper,NCM was used to oxidize bisphenol A(BPA)under simulated sunligh...Nitrocellulose membrane(NCM)can produce hydroxyl radicals under illumination,which promotes the oxidative degradation of organic pollutants.In this paper,NCM was used to oxidize bisphenol A(BPA)under simulated sunlight.The effects of p H,temperature,light intensity,anion and cation on the degradation of BPA were analyzed.The photodegradation process of BPA was discussed.The optimal photolysis rate was 0.031 min^(-)1 when the temperature was 30°C,the light intensity was 2.67×10^4 Lux,and the p H value was 9.0.The alkaline environment,temperature and light intensity can promote the photodegradation of BPA.Except for nitrate ions,anions and cations can inhibit the photodegradation of BPA.Compared with cations,anions have a greater inhibitory effect on BPA degradation.The degradation products of BPA by NCM were analyzed by gas chromatographic/mass.This study may provide useful information for the BPA degradation by NCM in complex water samples.展开更多
Nitrogen huff-n-puff(N_(2)HnP) appears to be an economical and high-efficiency enhanced oil recovery(EOR) technique for tight oil reservoirs.There is however a lack of understanding of the pore-level EOR performance o...Nitrogen huff-n-puff(N_(2)HnP) appears to be an economical and high-efficiency enhanced oil recovery(EOR) technique for tight oil reservoirs.There is however a lack of understanding of the pore-level EOR performance of N2HnP under tight reservoir conditions.In this work,a non-magnetic reactor was created and combined with a nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) device for real-time monitoring of oil distribution in the HnP experiment.N_(2)HnP experiments were then performed in a tight sandstone core sample at a temperature of 353 K and an injection pressure≥ 24 MPa.The pore-level oil distribution under reservoir conditions was monitored and the EOR performance of N2HnP in specific pores was analyzed.The pore throat structures of the core sample and the phase behavior of the N_(2)-Oil system were analyzed to elucidate the EOR mechanism of N_(2)HnP.An oil recovery factor of 37.52% can be achieved after four cycles,which proves the EOR potential of N_(2)HnP for tight reservoirs.The highest recoveries after N_(2)HnP are obtained in the large pores,followed by the medium pores,the small pores,and finally the micro pores.Increases in soaking time and injection pressure resulted in slight and pronounced increases in oil recovery,respectively,both of which are mainly reflected in the first cycle.Specifically,increasing the soaking time only slightly improves the cumulative oil recovery in the small pores while increasing the injection pressure significantly improves the cumulative oil recovery in the small,medium,and large pores simultaneously.However,variations in both injection pressure and soaking time have a negligible effect on the cumulative oil recovery of the micro pores.展开更多
Factors on degradation of chlorothalonil(CLT) in water by high frequency ultrasonic irradiation were investigated.The effects of initial concentration of chlorothalonil,dosages of tertiary butyl alcohol,humic acid and...Factors on degradation of chlorothalonil(CLT) in water by high frequency ultrasonic irradiation were investigated.The effects of initial concentration of chlorothalonil,dosages of tertiary butyl alcohol,humic acid and initial pH value on degradation of chlorothalonil,as well as the reaction mechanism were studied.The results reveal that chlorothalonil could be effectively degradated by ultrasonic irradiation.The reaction constant value kapp decreased from 0.014 1 to 0.010 2 min-1 with the initial concentration increasing from 50 to 400 μg/L during 180 min irradiation.Tertiary butyl alcohol had negative effect on chlorothalonil degradation,while lower concentration of humic acid promoted the sonolysis,and kapp declined with the further concentration increasing.The kapp varied little when the pH value ranged from 3.10 to 10.28.It may be concluded that mechanical and pyrolysis process played main roles on the degradation of chlorothalonil in ultrasonic irradiation rather than ·OH attack.The electrical energy per order(EEo) values for sonolysis degradation of CLT were also calculated to evaluate the cost of the process.展开更多
CO2 concentrations in different plant communities （larch, birch, lilac, and grassland） were measured during the growing season in the Heilongjiang Forest Botanical Garden to study diurnal variation, seasonal and ann...CO2 concentrations in different plant communities （larch, birch, lilac, and grassland） were measured during the growing season in the Heilongjiang Forest Botanical Garden to study diurnal variation, seasonal and annual dynamics and factors that impact CO2 concentration in different spaces. CO2 concentration in different communities in green lands had an obvious diurnal variation, chronically decreasing, and temperature influenced the lilac area and the grassland. Seasonally, CO2 was lowest in the larch green land （344.03 ±23.03 μmol/mol） and highest in the grassland （360.13 ± 22.43 μmol/mol）. The overall trend in CO2 concentration was autumn 〉 spring 〉 summer; temperature is the main factor controlling variation in CO2 concentrations during the growing season; the CO2 concentration at the larch, birch, lilac, and grassland types of sites was negatively correlated with land surface temperature and air temperature, and the CO2 concentration at the larch and birch sites was positively correlated with atmospheric pressure. Without any obvious annual change law, further study and observation are needed.展开更多
Studies are conducted by using activated carbon process aimed at bromate removal from the raw water.Screening of activated carbon for bromate removal was performed in different activated carbons.GAC Merck possesses th...Studies are conducted by using activated carbon process aimed at bromate removal from the raw water.Screening of activated carbon for bromate removal was performed in different activated carbons.GAC Merck possesses the highest iodine number and surface area,the highest number of basic groups and Vmeso,thereby contains the highest adsorption velocity and adsorption capacity.Impact factors of bromate removal on activated carbon were studied.Through static absorption experiments we studied the effect of adsorption time,pH,temperature,anions and organic matter on bromate removal.With the decrease of pH,removal of bromate enhanced,suggests that it may be possible to increase bromate reduction through pH control.The increase of temperature will be favorable to adsorption of bromate on activated carbon.Anions and organic matter can inhibit the adsorption of bromate on activated carbon through competing active sites.Bromate removal can be improved by controlling key water quality parameters.展开更多
Block-flexure toppling failure is frequently encountered in interbedded anti-inclined rock(IAR)slopes,and seriously threatens the construction of hydropower infrastructure.In this study,we first investigated the Lean ...Block-flexure toppling failure is frequently encountered in interbedded anti-inclined rock(IAR)slopes,and seriously threatens the construction of hydropower infrastructure.In this study,we first investigated the Lean Reservoir area’s geological setting and the Linda landslide’s characteristics.Then,uniform design and random design were used to design 110 training datasets and 31 testing datasets,respectively.Afterwards,the toppling response was obtained by using the discrete element code.Finally,support vector regression was used to obtain the influence weights of 21 impact factors.The results show that the influence weight of the slope angle and rock formation dip angle on the toppling deformation among tertiary impact factors is 25.96%and 17.28%,respectively,which are much greater than the other 19 impact factors within the research range.For the primary impact factors,the influence weight is sorted from large to small as slope geometry parameters,joints parameters,and rock mechanics parameters.Joints parameters,especially the geometric parameters,cannot be ignored when evaluating the stability of IAR slopes.Through numerical simulation,it was qualitatively determined that failure surfaces of slopes were controlled by cross joints and that the rocks in the slope toe play a role in preventing slope deformation.展开更多
The distribution characteristics of rare earth elements （REE） in bottomsediments are influenced by many factors. Hence, conducting a quantitative analysis isdifficult. A qualitative analysis of the relationships bet...The distribution characteristics of rare earth elements （REE） in bottomsediments are influenced by many factors. Hence, conducting a quantitative analysis isdifficult. A qualitative analysis of the relationships between ΣREE content andprovenance, hydrodynamics, grain size and mineral distribution in the Beibu Gulf showsthat terrestrial rocks control the ΣREE composition. Both weaker hydrodynamics andfiner grain size lead to a higher ΣREE content. Relative curves revealing therelationships between individual impact factors and ΣREE content were obtained fromthe combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses of the BP neural network,which trained the position of samples, gravel content, sand content, silt content, claycontent and clay mineral content. The results are consistent with those of thequantitative analysis. The self-learning algorithm is automatically determined andcalculated quantitatively. The impact of each factor on REEs and how each factorcontrols the ΣREE distribution is identified. Thus, environmental changes and thegeological evolution of the region can be inferred based on curve variation and the geological evolution of the region can be inferred based on curve variation and theactual situation. This method also provides useful theoretical guidance for the analysisof REE enrichment and dispersion.展开更多
Dietary sodium intake and its impact factors in 2 140 adults aged 18-69 years were analyzed. The mean daily sodium intake was 5 745.0 （5 427.6- 6 062.5） mg per day, which was higher in males than in females （P〈0.0...Dietary sodium intake and its impact factors in 2 140 adults aged 18-69 years were analyzed. The mean daily sodium intake was 5 745.0 （5 427.6- 6 062.5） mg per day, which was higher in males than in females （P〈0.01）. After having been adjusted for gender, age and urban/city areas, the mean daily sodium intake was significantly higher in participants with a lower education level, drinkers and smokers than in those with a higher education level, nondrinkers and nonsmokers （P〈O.01）. The dietary sodium intake in adults of Shandong Province is higher than the recommended standards.展开更多
Based on data of monthly pan evaporation,temperature,precipitation,sunshine hours,wind speed,relative humidity,etc. in Benxi County during 1958-2012 from Meteorological Bureau of Benxi County,annual,seasonal and month...Based on data of monthly pan evaporation,temperature,precipitation,sunshine hours,wind speed,relative humidity,etc. in Benxi County during 1958-2012 from Meteorological Bureau of Benxi County,annual,seasonal and monthly changes and impact factors of pan evaporation in Benxi County in recent 55 years were analyzed. The results showed that annual evaporation in Benxi County showed a decreasing trend from 1958 to 2012,with the linear tendency rate of-12. 18 mm/10 a. Except that evaporation in spring decreased obviously,but evaporation in other seasons increased slightly in recent 55 years. Moreover,evaporation changes correlated with changes of average temperature,daily range of temperature,precipitation,sunshine hours,average wind speed and relative humidity,but the correlations between evaporation and each meteorological element were different in various seasons.展开更多
Objective To analyze the factors that impact the environment quality of cleaning operating room and to discuss improvement measurement. Methods Environment bacteria testing results and prevalence of surgical incision ...Objective To analyze the factors that impact the environment quality of cleaning operating room and to discuss improvement measurement. Methods Environment bacteria testing results and prevalence of surgical incision infection in cleaning operating room were retro-展开更多
Herbaceous plants are widely distributed on islands and where they exhibit spatial heterogeneity.Accurately identifying the impact factors that drive spatial heterogeneity can reveal typical island biodiversity patter...Herbaceous plants are widely distributed on islands and where they exhibit spatial heterogeneity.Accurately identifying the impact factors that drive spatial heterogeneity can reveal typical island biodiversity patterns.Five southern islands in the Miaodao Archipelago,North China were studied herein.The spatial distribution of herbaceous plant diversity on these islands was analyzed,and the impact factors and their degree of impact on spatial heterogeneity were identified using CCA ordination and ANOVA.The results reveal 114 herbaceous plant species,belonging to 94 genera from 34 families in the50 plots sampled.The total species numbers on different islands were significantly positively correlated with island area,and the average a diversity was correlated with human activities,while the(3 diversity among islands was more affected by island area than mutual distances.Spatial heterogeneity within islands indicated that the diversities were generally high in areas with higher altitude,slope,total nitrogen,total carbon,and canopy density,and lower moisture content,pH,total phosphorus,total potassium,and aspect.Among the environmental factors,pH,canopy density,total K,total P,moisture content,altitude,and slope had significant gross effects,but only canopy density exhibited a significant net effect.Terrain affected diversity by restricting plantation,plantation in turn influenced soil properties and the two together affected diversity.Therefore,plantation was ultimately the fundamental driving factor for spatial heterogeneity in herbaceous plant diversity on the five islands.展开更多
This article developed a decomposition model of energy productivity on the basis of the economic growth model. Four factors were considered which may influence China’s energy productivity according to this model: tec...This article developed a decomposition model of energy productivity on the basis of the economic growth model. Four factors were considered which may influence China’s energy productivity according to this model: technology improvement, resource allocation structure, industrial structure and institute arrangement. Then, an econometric model was employed to test the four factors empirically on the basis of China’s statistical data from 1978 to 2004. Results indicated that capital deepening con- tributes the most (207%) to energy efficiency improvement, and impact from labor forces (13%) is the weakest one in resource factor; industrial structure (7%) and institute innovation (9.5%) positively improve the energy productivity.展开更多
The paper investigates impact factors of agricultural SMEs′technological innovation by questionnaire on the survey of more than 100 agricultural SMEs of Wenzhou City of Jiangsu Province.It selects 14 major factors th...The paper investigates impact factors of agricultural SMEs′technological innovation by questionnaire on the survey of more than 100 agricultural SMEs of Wenzhou City of Jiangsu Province.It selects 14 major factors that influence agricultural SMEs′technological innovation,they are capital source,enterprise culture,support from leaders,government policy support,effect of key research personnel,communication inside organization,enterprise strategy,technological development level,organizing and coordination inside organization,related information acquisition capacity,external cooperation,association and communication with consumers,change of external market and incentive measures to research personnel.Putting these factors in introductionance ordering by scores,we find out comparatively big impact factors influence agricultural SMEs′technological innovation among them,they are technological development level,incentive measures to research personnel,capital source,government policy support and enterprise strategy.The paper also puts forward corresponding measures and suggestions:further enhance innovation consciousness and improve technological innovation level of agricultural SMEs;increase incentive measures,strengthen construction of talents team of technological innovation;express scientific research strength of local scientific research institutes and agricultural institution of higher learning,realize integration of industries,universities and research;sound government guiding and pushing mechanism,improve new policy environment of agricultural SMEs′technological innovation.展开更多
Mercury(Hg) in rice is drawing mounting concern since methylmercury(MeHg) was found capable of accumulating in rice. In-vitro bioaccessibility is a feasible and reliable method to assess the health effects of Hg in ri...Mercury(Hg) in rice is drawing mounting concern since methylmercury(MeHg) was found capable of accumulating in rice. In-vitro bioaccessibility is a feasible and reliable method to assess the health effects of Hg in rice and has been utilized in a number of studies. This study was done to investigate the impact of cultivar, planting location, and cooking on the total mercury(THg) and MeHg bioaccessibility of rice, for which multiple statistical analysis methods were used to analyze the significance of their effects. The THg concentrations of rice samples taken from non-Hg contaminated areas of China were all below 15 ng/g and their MeHg concentrations were below 2 ng/g. Cooking could significantly reduce the MeHg bioaccessibility of rice because the MeHg was mainly combined with protein and the protein will be denatured during the cooking process, and then the denatured MeHg is difficult to be dissolved into the liquid phase. Indica-and japonica-type rice cultivars did not show significant differentiation in either the concentration of Hg or its bioaccessibility. However, the glutinous rice type differed significantly from the above rice types, and it showed greater bioaccessibility of THg and MeHg due to its distinct protein contents and starch properties. Planting location can affect the Hg concentration in rice and THg bioaccessibility but has a limited impact on MeHg bioaccessibility. Based on these results, two macro factors(rice cultivar, planting location) are presumed to impact Hg bioaccessibility by how they affect micro factors(i.e., Hg forms).展开更多
Flavor,especially odor,is one of the most concerning food qualities for producers and consumers.The odor of E.sinensis is a vital quality indicator and highly variable in species,diets,regions and harvest seasons.Thes...Flavor,especially odor,is one of the most concerning food qualities for producers and consumers.The odor of E.sinensis is a vital quality indicator and highly variable in species,diets,regions and harvest seasons.These differences could diminish consumer acceptance and reduce the economic returns to the farmer.Until now,168 volatile compounds have been identified in E.sinensis,of which 42 are shared to five edible parts,and the hepatopancreas has 22 specific compounds.The 30 aroma-active compounds may interact to form odor profiles.Volatile compounds are mainly derived from Phosphatidylethanolamine(PE)and free fatty acids(FFA)by a series of biochemical reactions such as thermal degradation,secondary degradation,molecular rearrangement,and Maillard reaction.The odor of crab has a close relationship with agriculture.Once harvested,the crab also produces odors during processing and storage,which could be controlled by consumers.This work provides information that could support the development of innovative aquaculture strategies to satisfy the needs of the consumer market.展开更多
In the present study,we analyzed the chemical properties and factors impacting the sea fog water during two sea fog events over the northwestern South China Sea in March 2017,and compared our results with those of oth...In the present study,we analyzed the chemical properties and factors impacting the sea fog water during two sea fog events over the northwestern South China Sea in March 2017,and compared our results with those of other regions.The sea fog water during these two events were highly acidic and their average pH was below 3,which was related to the high initial acidifying potential and large amounts of NOand SOnot involved in the neutralization reaction.The dominant cations in the sea fog water were Naand NH.The primary anions in the sea fog water over the South China Sea were Cland NO,while that over the North Pacific Ocean was mainly SO,and ratios of the three fog water ions near the Donghai Island were similar.Ions in the sea fog water during the two events were mainly derived from marine aerosols,while the difference was that the first low-level sea fog airflow trajectory passed over Hainan Island.Therefore,the proportion of K+in the first sea fog was much higher than that in sea water and the second.Sulfate was the key to fog water nucleation,which made ion concentration in the sea fog water during the second event higher than that during the first.A decrease in average diameter during the first sea fog formation led to an ion concentration increase,while the average diameter of sea fog water during the second event was lower than that during the first,which corresponded with a moderate ion concentration increase.展开更多
In this study, we investigate the impact factors on air pollution in terms of CO2, SO2 and NOx emissions simultaneously in China and compare changes in air pollution across provinces from 1998 to 2011 using a Multiple...In this study, we investigate the impact factors on air pollution in terms of CO2, SO2 and NOx emissions simultaneously in China and compare changes in air pollution across provinces from 1998 to 2011 using a Multiple Indicators and Multiple Causes Model （MIMIC） within a Structural Equation Model （SEM） framework. Our findings reveal that GDP per capita and total population have the largest impacts on air pollution, followed by energy intensity, foreign direct investment, population density, and industrialization. The results also reveal that the inverted U-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve （EKC） hypothesis exists in China. Our findings also demonstrate that Shandong, Jiangxi and Liaoning are the top three provinces with the most deteriorated air quality while Xinjiang, Fujian and Ningxia are with the best. These results not only contribute to advancing the existing literature, but also merit particular attention from policy-makers in China.展开更多
基金funded by the UKRI Economic and Social Research Council.
文摘Purpose:Journal Impact Factors and other citation-based indicators are widely used and abused to help select journals to publish in or to estimate the value of a published article.Nevertheless,citation rates primarily reflect scholarly impact rather than other quality dimensions,including societal impact,originality,and rigour.In response to this deficit,Journal Quality Factors(JQFs)are defined and evaluated.These are average quality score estimates given to a journal’s articles by ChatGPT.Design/methodology/approach:JQFs were compared with Polish,Norwegian and Finnish journal ranks and with journal citation rates for 1,300 journals with 130,000 articles from 2021 in large monodisciplinary journals in the 25 out of 27 Scopus broad fields of research for which it was possible.Outliers were also examined.Findings:JQFs correlated positively and mostly strongly(median correlation:0.641)with journal ranks in 24 out of the 25 broad fields examined,indicating a nearly science-wide ability for ChatGPT to estimate journal quality.Journal citation rates had similarly high correlations with national journal ranks,however,so JQFs are not a universally better indicator.An examination of journals with JQFs not matching their journal ranks suggested that abstract styles may affect the result,such as whether the societal contexts of research are mentioned.Research limitations:Different journal rankings may have given different findings because there is no agreed meaning for journal quality.Practical implications:The results suggest that JQFs are plausible as journal quality indicators in all fields and may be useful for the(few)research and evaluation contexts where journal quality is an acceptable proxy for article quality,and especially for fields like mathematics for which citations are not strong indicators of quality.Originality/value:This is the first attempt to estimate academic journal value with a Large Language Model.
基金Under the auspices of the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) (No 2005CB724201)
文摘Ecological footprint （EF） has attracted much attention internationally as a potential indicator for sustainable development. In China, EF has also gained recognition in related fields and disciplines. Moreover, some scholars in these fields have proposed alternative methods to calculate EF and have made some progress. This paper, therefore, begins with the introduction and development of EF in China. However, the established methods of EF calculation hold some limitations, such as indicator variance and result abnormality. In order to resolve those problems, the authors make a further modification considering the demand of EF as a comprehensive indicator： 1） More accurate analysis has been done to divide EF into several parts： imported EF, exported EF, and producible EF, which is the solution to the problem of abnormality in original EF results and can explain abnormal phenomena reasonably. 2） Considering the actual situa- tion of Shanghai, emended equivalence factor is brought forward and a matrix is formed with equivalence factors. The measure can reduce the deviation between the fact and the results. 3） The calculation compares local yield with global average yield to analyze the effects of yields. And based on local yields in different years, the results are more accurate. Finally, the calculation method is applied to calculating EF of Shanghai from 1980 to 2003, and the subsequent detailed analysis is presented. Available data and results suggest a statistically significant correlation coefficient between EF and GDP, population density and urbaniTation level. Through analyzing the process of calculating EF and its results, it can be seen that EF, as a macro-indicator, can not exactly indicate whether development within a region can meet the re- quests of sustainable development, which can be explained by the fact that the result of EF is impacted greatly by sub- jective factors including national policy,available technology, population, etc. Nevertheless, EF can demonstrate, at least to some degree, the regional status in terms of resources and energy consumption, as well as developmental potential. The calculation of EF, therefore, deserves further research to achieve more far-reaching significance in application.
基金the Plan for Scientific Innovation Talent of Henan Province(No.19420051001)the major project for Henan Province Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1704241)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41702174)。
文摘Nitrocellulose membrane(NCM)can produce hydroxyl radicals under illumination,which promotes the oxidative degradation of organic pollutants.In this paper,NCM was used to oxidize bisphenol A(BPA)under simulated sunlight.The effects of p H,temperature,light intensity,anion and cation on the degradation of BPA were analyzed.The photodegradation process of BPA was discussed.The optimal photolysis rate was 0.031 min^(-)1 when the temperature was 30°C,the light intensity was 2.67×10^4 Lux,and the p H value was 9.0.The alkaline environment,temperature and light intensity can promote the photodegradation of BPA.Except for nitrate ions,anions and cations can inhibit the photodegradation of BPA.Compared with cations,anions have a greater inhibitory effect on BPA degradation.The degradation products of BPA by NCM were analyzed by gas chromatographic/mass.This study may provide useful information for the BPA degradation by NCM in complex water samples.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52074319)the Strategic Cooperation Technology Project of CNPC(ZLZX2020-01-08)the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum-Beijing(2462021QNXZ008)
文摘Nitrogen huff-n-puff(N_(2)HnP) appears to be an economical and high-efficiency enhanced oil recovery(EOR) technique for tight oil reservoirs.There is however a lack of understanding of the pore-level EOR performance of N2HnP under tight reservoir conditions.In this work,a non-magnetic reactor was created and combined with a nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) device for real-time monitoring of oil distribution in the HnP experiment.N_(2)HnP experiments were then performed in a tight sandstone core sample at a temperature of 353 K and an injection pressure≥ 24 MPa.The pore-level oil distribution under reservoir conditions was monitored and the EOR performance of N2HnP in specific pores was analyzed.The pore throat structures of the core sample and the phase behavior of the N_(2)-Oil system were analyzed to elucidate the EOR mechanism of N_(2)HnP.An oil recovery factor of 37.52% can be achieved after four cycles,which proves the EOR potential of N_(2)HnP for tight reservoirs.The highest recoveries after N_(2)HnP are obtained in the large pores,followed by the medium pores,the small pores,and finally the micro pores.Increases in soaking time and injection pressure resulted in slight and pronounced increases in oil recovery,respectively,both of which are mainly reflected in the first cycle.Specifically,increasing the soaking time only slightly improves the cumulative oil recovery in the small pores while increasing the injection pressure significantly improves the cumulative oil recovery in the small,medium,and large pores simultaneously.However,variations in both injection pressure and soaking time have a negligible effect on the cumulative oil recovery of the micro pores.
基金Project(2008ZX07421-002) supported by the National Major Project of Science & Technology Ministry of ChinaProject(2008AA06A412) supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(20009-K7-4) supported by the Research and Development of Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of China
文摘Factors on degradation of chlorothalonil(CLT) in water by high frequency ultrasonic irradiation were investigated.The effects of initial concentration of chlorothalonil,dosages of tertiary butyl alcohol,humic acid and initial pH value on degradation of chlorothalonil,as well as the reaction mechanism were studied.The results reveal that chlorothalonil could be effectively degradated by ultrasonic irradiation.The reaction constant value kapp decreased from 0.014 1 to 0.010 2 min-1 with the initial concentration increasing from 50 to 400 μg/L during 180 min irradiation.Tertiary butyl alcohol had negative effect on chlorothalonil degradation,while lower concentration of humic acid promoted the sonolysis,and kapp declined with the further concentration increasing.The kapp varied little when the pH value ranged from 3.10 to 10.28.It may be concluded that mechanical and pyrolysis process played main roles on the degradation of chlorothalonil in ultrasonic irradiation rather than ·OH attack.The electrical energy per order(EEo) values for sonolysis degradation of CLT were also calculated to evaluate the cost of the process.
文摘CO2 concentrations in different plant communities （larch, birch, lilac, and grassland） were measured during the growing season in the Heilongjiang Forest Botanical Garden to study diurnal variation, seasonal and annual dynamics and factors that impact CO2 concentration in different spaces. CO2 concentration in different communities in green lands had an obvious diurnal variation, chronically decreasing, and temperature influenced the lilac area and the grassland. Seasonally, CO2 was lowest in the larch green land （344.03 ±23.03 μmol/mol） and highest in the grassland （360.13 ± 22.43 μmol/mol）. The overall trend in CO2 concentration was autumn 〉 spring 〉 summer; temperature is the main factor controlling variation in CO2 concentrations during the growing season; the CO2 concentration at the larch, birch, lilac, and grassland types of sites was negatively correlated with land surface temperature and air temperature, and the CO2 concentration at the larch and birch sites was positively correlated with atmospheric pressure. Without any obvious annual change law, further study and observation are needed.
基金Sponsored by High-Tech Research and Development Program (Grant No.2006AA06Z311)National Creative Research Groups (Grant No.50821002)+1 种基金National Science and Technology Support Funding (Grant No.2006BAJ08B0)Project Supported by Development Program for Outstanding Young Teachers in Harbin Institute of Technology(HITQNJS.2008.044)
文摘Studies are conducted by using activated carbon process aimed at bromate removal from the raw water.Screening of activated carbon for bromate removal was performed in different activated carbons.GAC Merck possesses the highest iodine number and surface area,the highest number of basic groups and Vmeso,thereby contains the highest adsorption velocity and adsorption capacity.Impact factors of bromate removal on activated carbon were studied.Through static absorption experiments we studied the effect of adsorption time,pH,temperature,anions and organic matter on bromate removal.With the decrease of pH,removal of bromate enhanced,suggests that it may be possible to increase bromate reduction through pH control.The increase of temperature will be favorable to adsorption of bromate on activated carbon.Anions and organic matter can inhibit the adsorption of bromate on activated carbon through competing active sites.Bromate removal can be improved by controlling key water quality parameters.
基金supported by the National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Projects of China(No.41827808)the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42090055).
文摘Block-flexure toppling failure is frequently encountered in interbedded anti-inclined rock(IAR)slopes,and seriously threatens the construction of hydropower infrastructure.In this study,we first investigated the Lean Reservoir area’s geological setting and the Linda landslide’s characteristics.Then,uniform design and random design were used to design 110 training datasets and 31 testing datasets,respectively.Afterwards,the toppling response was obtained by using the discrete element code.Finally,support vector regression was used to obtain the influence weights of 21 impact factors.The results show that the influence weight of the slope angle and rock formation dip angle on the toppling deformation among tertiary impact factors is 25.96%and 17.28%,respectively,which are much greater than the other 19 impact factors within the research range.For the primary impact factors,the influence weight is sorted from large to small as slope geometry parameters,joints parameters,and rock mechanics parameters.Joints parameters,especially the geometric parameters,cannot be ignored when evaluating the stability of IAR slopes.Through numerical simulation,it was qualitatively determined that failure surfaces of slopes were controlled by cross joints and that the rocks in the slope toe play a role in preventing slope deformation.
文摘The distribution characteristics of rare earth elements （REE） in bottomsediments are influenced by many factors. Hence, conducting a quantitative analysis isdifficult. A qualitative analysis of the relationships between ΣREE content andprovenance, hydrodynamics, grain size and mineral distribution in the Beibu Gulf showsthat terrestrial rocks control the ΣREE composition. Both weaker hydrodynamics andfiner grain size lead to a higher ΣREE content. Relative curves revealing therelationships between individual impact factors and ΣREE content were obtained fromthe combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses of the BP neural network,which trained the position of samples, gravel content, sand content, silt content, claycontent and clay mineral content. The results are consistent with those of thequantitative analysis. The self-learning algorithm is automatically determined andcalculated quantitatively. The impact of each factor on REEs and how each factorcontrols the ΣREE distribution is identified. Thus, environmental changes and thegeological evolution of the region can be inferred based on curve variation and the geological evolution of the region can be inferred based on curve variation and theactual situation. This method also provides useful theoretical guidance for the analysisof REE enrichment and dispersion.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Shandong Province(2012GSF11828)
文摘Dietary sodium intake and its impact factors in 2 140 adults aged 18-69 years were analyzed. The mean daily sodium intake was 5 745.0 （5 427.6- 6 062.5） mg per day, which was higher in males than in females （P〈0.01）. After having been adjusted for gender, age and urban/city areas, the mean daily sodium intake was significantly higher in participants with a lower education level, drinkers and smokers than in those with a higher education level, nondrinkers and nonsmokers （P〈O.01）. The dietary sodium intake in adults of Shandong Province is higher than the recommended standards.
文摘Based on data of monthly pan evaporation,temperature,precipitation,sunshine hours,wind speed,relative humidity,etc. in Benxi County during 1958-2012 from Meteorological Bureau of Benxi County,annual,seasonal and monthly changes and impact factors of pan evaporation in Benxi County in recent 55 years were analyzed. The results showed that annual evaporation in Benxi County showed a decreasing trend from 1958 to 2012,with the linear tendency rate of-12. 18 mm/10 a. Except that evaporation in spring decreased obviously,but evaporation in other seasons increased slightly in recent 55 years. Moreover,evaporation changes correlated with changes of average temperature,daily range of temperature,precipitation,sunshine hours,average wind speed and relative humidity,but the correlations between evaporation and each meteorological element were different in various seasons.
文摘Objective To analyze the factors that impact the environment quality of cleaning operating room and to discuss improvement measurement. Methods Environment bacteria testing results and prevalence of surgical incision infection in cleaning operating room were retro-
基金Supported by the National Special Fund for Basic Science and Technology of China(No.2012FY112500)the Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean in China(Nos.201305009,201505012)the Special Fund of Chinese Central Government for Basic Scientific Research Operations in Commonweal Research Institutes(No.FIO2015G13)
文摘Herbaceous plants are widely distributed on islands and where they exhibit spatial heterogeneity.Accurately identifying the impact factors that drive spatial heterogeneity can reveal typical island biodiversity patterns.Five southern islands in the Miaodao Archipelago,North China were studied herein.The spatial distribution of herbaceous plant diversity on these islands was analyzed,and the impact factors and their degree of impact on spatial heterogeneity were identified using CCA ordination and ANOVA.The results reveal 114 herbaceous plant species,belonging to 94 genera from 34 families in the50 plots sampled.The total species numbers on different islands were significantly positively correlated with island area,and the average a diversity was correlated with human activities,while the(3 diversity among islands was more affected by island area than mutual distances.Spatial heterogeneity within islands indicated that the diversities were generally high in areas with higher altitude,slope,total nitrogen,total carbon,and canopy density,and lower moisture content,pH,total phosphorus,total potassium,and aspect.Among the environmental factors,pH,canopy density,total K,total P,moisture content,altitude,and slope had significant gross effects,but only canopy density exhibited a significant net effect.Terrain affected diversity by restricting plantation,plantation in turn influenced soil properties and the two together affected diversity.Therefore,plantation was ultimately the fundamental driving factor for spatial heterogeneity in herbaceous plant diversity on the five islands.
文摘This article developed a decomposition model of energy productivity on the basis of the economic growth model. Four factors were considered which may influence China’s energy productivity according to this model: technology improvement, resource allocation structure, industrial structure and institute arrangement. Then, an econometric model was employed to test the four factors empirically on the basis of China’s statistical data from 1978 to 2004. Results indicated that capital deepening con- tributes the most (207%) to energy efficiency improvement, and impact from labor forces (13%) is the weakest one in resource factor; industrial structure (7%) and institute innovation (9.5%) positively improve the energy productivity.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Program of Zhejiang Province Education Bureau in 2009-"Research on the Agricultural Technological Innovation System under the Industrial Technological Innovation Alliance Mode of Trilateral Linkage"(Y200909290)
文摘The paper investigates impact factors of agricultural SMEs′technological innovation by questionnaire on the survey of more than 100 agricultural SMEs of Wenzhou City of Jiangsu Province.It selects 14 major factors that influence agricultural SMEs′technological innovation,they are capital source,enterprise culture,support from leaders,government policy support,effect of key research personnel,communication inside organization,enterprise strategy,technological development level,organizing and coordination inside organization,related information acquisition capacity,external cooperation,association and communication with consumers,change of external market and incentive measures to research personnel.Putting these factors in introductionance ordering by scores,we find out comparatively big impact factors influence agricultural SMEs′technological innovation among them,they are technological development level,incentive measures to research personnel,capital source,government policy support and enterprise strategy.The paper also puts forward corresponding measures and suggestions:further enhance innovation consciousness and improve technological innovation level of agricultural SMEs;increase incentive measures,strengthen construction of talents team of technological innovation;express scientific research strength of local scientific research institutes and agricultural institution of higher learning,realize integration of industries,universities and research;sound government guiding and pushing mechanism,improve new policy environment of agricultural SMEs′technological innovation.
基金supported by the research fund of Guizhou Minzu University (No. GZMUZK[2021]YB14)the open research fund of Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China (No. QJH-KY[2020]247)。
文摘Mercury(Hg) in rice is drawing mounting concern since methylmercury(MeHg) was found capable of accumulating in rice. In-vitro bioaccessibility is a feasible and reliable method to assess the health effects of Hg in rice and has been utilized in a number of studies. This study was done to investigate the impact of cultivar, planting location, and cooking on the total mercury(THg) and MeHg bioaccessibility of rice, for which multiple statistical analysis methods were used to analyze the significance of their effects. The THg concentrations of rice samples taken from non-Hg contaminated areas of China were all below 15 ng/g and their MeHg concentrations were below 2 ng/g. Cooking could significantly reduce the MeHg bioaccessibility of rice because the MeHg was mainly combined with protein and the protein will be denatured during the cooking process, and then the denatured MeHg is difficult to be dissolved into the liquid phase. Indica-and japonica-type rice cultivars did not show significant differentiation in either the concentration of Hg or its bioaccessibility. However, the glutinous rice type differed significantly from the above rice types, and it showed greater bioaccessibility of THg and MeHg due to its distinct protein contents and starch properties. Planting location can affect the Hg concentration in rice and THg bioaccessibility but has a limited impact on MeHg bioaccessibility. Based on these results, two macro factors(rice cultivar, planting location) are presumed to impact Hg bioaccessibility by how they affect micro factors(i.e., Hg forms).
基金supported by Agriculture Research System of Shanghai,China (Grant No.202104).
文摘Flavor,especially odor,is one of the most concerning food qualities for producers and consumers.The odor of E.sinensis is a vital quality indicator and highly variable in species,diets,regions and harvest seasons.These differences could diminish consumer acceptance and reduce the economic returns to the farmer.Until now,168 volatile compounds have been identified in E.sinensis,of which 42 are shared to five edible parts,and the hepatopancreas has 22 specific compounds.The 30 aroma-active compounds may interact to form odor profiles.Volatile compounds are mainly derived from Phosphatidylethanolamine(PE)and free fatty acids(FFA)by a series of biochemical reactions such as thermal degradation,secondary degradation,molecular rearrangement,and Maillard reaction.The odor of crab has a close relationship with agriculture.Once harvested,the crab also produces odors during processing and storage,which could be controlled by consumers.This work provides information that could support the development of innovative aquaculture strategies to satisfy the needs of the consumer market.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0605604)Guangxi Key Research and Development Program(AB20159013)+2 种基金Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20060503)Key Area R&D Program of Guangdong Province(2020B0101130021)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41675136)。
文摘In the present study,we analyzed the chemical properties and factors impacting the sea fog water during two sea fog events over the northwestern South China Sea in March 2017,and compared our results with those of other regions.The sea fog water during these two events were highly acidic and their average pH was below 3,which was related to the high initial acidifying potential and large amounts of NOand SOnot involved in the neutralization reaction.The dominant cations in the sea fog water were Naand NH.The primary anions in the sea fog water over the South China Sea were Cland NO,while that over the North Pacific Ocean was mainly SO,and ratios of the three fog water ions near the Donghai Island were similar.Ions in the sea fog water during the two events were mainly derived from marine aerosols,while the difference was that the first low-level sea fog airflow trajectory passed over Hainan Island.Therefore,the proportion of K+in the first sea fog was much higher than that in sea water and the second.Sulfate was the key to fog water nucleation,which made ion concentration in the sea fog water during the second event higher than that during the first.A decrease in average diameter during the first sea fog formation led to an ion concentration increase,while the average diameter of sea fog water during the second event was lower than that during the first,which corresponded with a moderate ion concentration increase.
文摘In this study, we investigate the impact factors on air pollution in terms of CO2, SO2 and NOx emissions simultaneously in China and compare changes in air pollution across provinces from 1998 to 2011 using a Multiple Indicators and Multiple Causes Model （MIMIC） within a Structural Equation Model （SEM） framework. Our findings reveal that GDP per capita and total population have the largest impacts on air pollution, followed by energy intensity, foreign direct investment, population density, and industrialization. The results also reveal that the inverted U-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve （EKC） hypothesis exists in China. Our findings also demonstrate that Shandong, Jiangxi and Liaoning are the top three provinces with the most deteriorated air quality while Xinjiang, Fujian and Ningxia are with the best. These results not only contribute to advancing the existing literature, but also merit particular attention from policy-makers in China.
